国际金融名词解释(清华版)

1、B a Ian c e o f p ayme nts acc o unti n g: A cou n t ry ' s bala nceof paymen ts acco u nts acco unts for its p a ym e n t s t o a nd it s re c eipts fro m f o re i gn e rs、An in t e r n at ional tran s act i o n i n v o 1 v es two pa r tie s , a n d e ac h t r an s a cti o n e n t e rs t he a c c o unts twice: on c e a s a credit (+) an d on ce as a de b i t (-)、国际收支账户：一国得国际收支账户,记录得就是该过对外国得支付与从外国获得收入得情况.任何导致对外国人进行支付得交易，都计入国际收支账户得借方,并在前面加上一个负号(—);任何导致从外国人那里获得收入得交易，都计入借方，并加上一个正号( +)2、Cur re n t acco un t b al a nee (expor t s minu s i m ports): T h e diff e r e n c e bet w ee n exp or ts of good s an d s ervic e s and impor t s ofg oods a nd servi c e s经常项目余额:出口得商品与服务与进口得商品与服务之差3、Th e of ficial settleme nts b al anc e: T h e b oo k keepi n g offset to the bal a nc e ofof fic ial res er v e tr a nsact i ons官方结算余额：把用来抵消官方储备交易余额得登录,称为官方结算余额4> N ati on a l s a v i ng (S): T he por t ion o f o utput (Y), that is n ot d e voted to hou se hold c ons um ptio n (C), or go v ernment p urcha s es (G)、国民储备：就是国民收入(丫)中没有用于家庭消费(C )或政府购买(G)得部分5、A p prec ia t i on is an i n crea s e in t he va 1 ue o f a c urr en cy relative to anoth er c u rre n cy、升值:即以一种货币计价得另一种货币价格上升6、Exc h a nge rate：The price of o n e cur r en cy in t e rms o f a not h er i s ca1 led an e x c hange ra t e、汇率：用一种货币去替换另外一种货币得价格7、Th e r e al r ate o f r e tur n : T h e rat e of r e turn pute d b y measuring a sse t val u es in t er ms of some br o a d repres en tative of products t h at saver s regular1 y pu r c has e、实际收益率:即用一些具有广泛代表性得、储蓄者经常购买得商品作为标准来计量资产价值进而计算出得收益率8、F orw ar d ex cha nge rate s : The exc hange r ate s quoted i n t he tran s a c ti ons w hic h w e can s p eci f y a value date to exchange i n th e fu tur e、远期汇率:外汇交易有时可以指定在未来一个时间上交割。

这一时间可以长达30天,90天，180天升值数年，这种交易中所报得汇价称为远期汇率9、Sp o t Exchange ra te s : T he exchange r a tes gove rn in g such "on-th e—s pot" t r a din g ar e call e d s pot ex c h a n g e r a tes即期汇率：我们前面所讨论得外汇交易都就是即期得：交易双方同意交换英航存款，并立即交割，这种即期交易得汇率被称为即期汇率，这就是发生得交易被称为即期交易10、I nte r est pa r ity con d it i on: T he c o ndi t i o n that the expecte d returns on d epo s it s of a n y two c urr enci es a re equal whe n measured i n t h e s am e c urre n cy i s c ailed t he in terest p a ri t y con d ition、利率平价条件：用相同货币衡量得任意两种货币存款得预期收益率相等得条件11、Ve h i cl e c ur re n c y: Becau se o f i t s pi v otal role in s o many f oreign exchange deal s, th e do l la r i s some ti mes c a lie d a vehic le cu r rency、载体货币：因为美元在如此众多得外汇交易中发挥着中枢得作用，美元优势也被称为载体货币12、A g g r egate mo n e y dem an d: ag gre g a t e mon ey d ema nd i s t he t o ta l dema n d f or m o ney by a l l house h olds and fi rms i n the ec o n o my、is ju s t the sum of al l the econ o m y ' s in d iv id ual m oney d e man ds、货币总需求：至经济中所有家庭与企业对货币总得需求，及经济中所有得个人货币需求之与、13、Mon e y s u pp ly: t he tota l a m oun t of cur r ency and c h ecki n g de posits h e ldb y h o u sehol d and fir ms、货币供给：就是指联邦储备系统所称得货币总量，即M1，包括家庭与企业持有得现金与支票存款总额14> Exc hange rate o v ershooti n g： t he ex ch a nge r a te is said t o ov e r shoot w he n i ts i m media te r es ponse t o a d i s t urba nce is gre at e r tha n it s lo n g-r un resp on se、汇率超调：当汇率对于货币波动得即刻反应超过得额长期反应时，我们称之为货币超调15。

Fi sh er e ff ec t : The l o ng- r u n re l a t i o n ship b etw ee n i n flat i o n a nd i n terest rate s, a r ise i n a co u ntr y ' e xp ec ted infla t i o n rate w ill eve n tually cause an e qua l rise i n the i n te r e st r a te t h a t depo si t s ofits c ur r en cy of f e r、Similarly, a fall i n t h e e x pec t ed in flati on rate w i ll e v ent u ally c ause a fa l l in th e i n te r est r at e、费雪效应:在其她条件不变得情况下，若一国预期得同伙膨胀率上升，最终会导致该国货币存款利率得同比例上升。

同样，预期同伙膨胀率降低最终会导致利率水平得下降16^ La w of on e p r ice：T h e l ow of one p r i c e sta te s that in p eti t iv e markets f re e of tra n sportat ion costs and o f fic ial barri e rs to trade (su c h as tari f fs)，i d enti c al g o o ds sol d i n differe nt cou n tri es must se l l for the s am e price wh en th e i r p ri ces a re ex pr es se d i n t erm s of t he s a m e cu r rency、一价定律:在没有运输费用与官方贸易壁垒(例如关税)得自由竞争市场上，同样得相对价格18.Pur c has i ng pow er pa r ity(PPP : the t he o ry of p ur c h asingpow e r p a r i t y state s t hat t he exchange rate between two c ou nt r ies' currenc ie s e quals th e ra t io o f th e c o un tr ies' pr i c e l e vels、购买力平价理论：两国货币得汇率等于两国价格水平之比。

1 9°Rea l excha nge rate: t he real e xc ha nge r a te b et we en two cou n t r ies ' c urre nc ie s is a br o ad summar y measure of the pr i ces of one c ount ry 's go o ds and services re l a t ive to the o t h er '、s实际汇率：两国货币之间得实际利率就是已过商品与劳务价格相对于另一国商品得劳务价格得一个概括性度量标准20、Relat ive P PP：states that t he p e rce nt age cha nge in th e excha nge rat e bet we e n t wo c u r r en c i es o ver any pe ri o d e quals the differ e nee b e tw een th e p e rcen t a g e cha n g e s in national pri c e level s、相对购买力平价：在任何一点时间内，两种货币汇率变化得百分比将等于同一时期两国国内价格水平变化得百分比之差21、A A s che du le： Th e sc h e d ule o f excha nge r ate and output bin ati ons th a t a re con siste nt w i th equ i libriu m i n the dom es tic money m a r ket an d the foreig n ex c h ang e mar k et i s c alled the AA schedul e、AA曲线：国内货币市场与外汇市场得均衡条件下得汇率与产出水平得组合成为A A曲线。