英语作业翻译
翻译作业
翻译作业1.His acceptance of bribes led to his arrest他接受贿赂导致被捕。
.2.Computers have changed the way we work and play.电脑改变了我们工作和娱乐的方式。
3.She turned towards me immediately. The elegance of every moment of her limbs and body as soon as she began to advance from the far end of the room., set me in a flutter of expectation to see her face clearly.她立即转向我。
每当她开始从房间的尽头往前走时,她每一刻举手投足的优雅都吸引着我想把她的脸看清楚。
4.The flowers smells sweet.花香四溢。
5.It tastes too much of garlic.蒜味很重。
6.He didn’t look or act like his usual sel f—his face was very red, his hat was on the back of his head, his hair was wildly rumpled.他看上去和行为都和他往常不一样--面色绯红,帽子后戴,头发凌乱。
7.We are faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island country.我们很模糊地觉察到这是一个最小的岛国的事实。
8.She became aware of footsteps hurrying after her. 她觉察到有慌乱的脚步声跟着她。
9.Blushing,fidgeting nervously with his tie, blinking timidly, he faced us silently for a while.他面对着我们沉默了一会,面红耳赤,坐立不安,羞怯地眨着眼睛。
15篇英语作业五年级带翻译
15篇英语作业五年级带翻译1.Beijing---Capital of ChinaBeijing is the capital of China.It's a large modern city with a long history.Beijing is also a city of tourism.Do you like Beijing?翻译:北京是中国的首都。
它是一个历史悠久的现代化城市。
北京也是一个旅游胜地。
你喜欢北京么?2.I like the Chinese new year better than any other festival. This is a time especially for rest and joy. I need not study. I wear good clothes and eat good food. I have a good time from morning till night. I am as happy as a king.我喜欢中国新年比喜欢其它任何节日更甚。
这是一个专为休息和欢乐的时间。
我不需要读书。
我穿好衣服,吃好东西。
我每天从早到晚日子过得轻松愉快。
我和上帝一样快乐。
3.No sooner had the winter vacation begun than I returned to my native town. Of course I must make good use of it;.In the morning I reviewed my lessons and read newspapers or magazines. In the afternoon I played ball games with my friends or went fishing in the river. At night I watched television with my family. hardly had the clock on the wall struck ten when I went to bed.寒假刚一开始,我就回故乡了。
英语翻译作业1
一、改译宰客slaughter customers(cheating customers)自学self learn(study on one’s self)彩票colorful tickets(lottery)救火save a fire(Firefighting)(电脑)死机systerm dead(computer crash)吃食堂eat the canteen(eat in the canteen)风凉话cold word(sarcastic remark)太平门safe door(emergency exit)三角债triangle debts(chain debts)扣帽子put a hat on(put a label on)文化程度cultural degree(education level)抓紧时间grasp time firmly(hurry up)来信写道the latter writes(the letter reads)提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English(Improve one’s English)胸有成竹have a bamboo in one’s stomach(have a well-thought-out plan) 二、直译大海捞针Look for a needle in the ocean猫哭耗子假慈悲Cat cry for mouse嫁鸡随鸡嫁狗随狗Marry a chicken with chicken married dog follows dog挥金如土Spend money like water易如反掌As easy as to turn one's hand打草惊蛇To beat the grass and frighten away the snake呆若木鸡Dumb as a wooden chicken千里之行始于足下Every journey begins with the first step瑞雪兆丰年A timely heavy snow promises a good harvest .跑得了和尚跑不了庙Run a monk can not run the temple三、重点翻译她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非She always makes mischief between neighbors.她毛遂自荐来这所学校当老师She recommending herself to be a teacher in this school.正真的好朋友应该是雪中送炭True friend is who provides you timely help.我要有个三长两短,你给我娘捎个话If something happens to me, please give my mother a massage.留得青山在,不愁没柴烧As long as the green mountains are there, one need not worry about firewood.你这人真的是狗嘴里吐不出象牙他对你的许诺不过是个空头支票而已His promise to you just a blank check.我喜欢那套房子,但美中不足的是离上班的地方太远I like that house,but the fly in the ointment is too far away from the work place.四、翻译句子中国将永远与亚洲各国一道,荣辱相依,休戚与共,共同开创亚洲新未来China will forge ahead and share weal and woe with other Asian countries in a joint effort to open up new vistas for Asia's development.在中国文化中,每12年是一个生肖循环,照此说来,博鳌亚种论坛正处于一个新的起点上,希望更上一层楼In the Chinese culture, 12 years form a zodiac cycle. In this sense, the Boao Forum has reached a new starting point and I hope it will scale an even greater height.面对这些新情况,新问题,亚洲国家要同舟共济、共克时艰,把经济的互补性转化为发展的互助力,不断扩大利益交汇点,实现互惠共存、互利共赢Faced with these new situations and problems, the Asian countries should help each other to overcome the difficulties, to transformed economic comp -lementarity and mutual assistance into development power, continues to ex pand common interests and achieve mutual coexistence, mutual benefit and win-win.不当家不知当家难,事实上,单就解决面临的日常问题需要我们长期扶持大量的投入和心意Never kown how difficult it is to keep house even you did. I fact,it needs a large number and long-term support of investment and mind only to manage the daily problems facing.凡是预则立,面对当前复杂形势,我们既要冷机观察、保持定力,又要未雨绸缪,主动作为,宏观调控要把握总量平衡,更要着眼结构优化,根据形势变化合理把控调控的政策力度,适时采取针对性强的差异化措施Preparedness ensures success.Faced with this complex situation, we need to calmly assess the current developments, stay focused, and take initiatives as called for. In exercising macro-control, we will endeavor to strike a balance between aggregate supply and demand, focus on improving the economic structure, ensure proper policy intensity of macro-control in the light of changing situation and take targeted and differentiated measures as appropriate.。
旅游英语作业带翻译
旅游英语作业带翻译Travel English Homework: Tips for Planning Your Next Trip。
旅游英语作业,计划下一次旅行的技巧。
Traveling is a great way to explore new places, learn about different cultures, and create unforgettable memories. However, planning a trip can be overwhelming, especially if you are not familiar with the destination or the language. To help you make the most of your next adventure, here are some tips for planning your next trip in English.旅行是探索新地方、学习不同文化和创造难忘回忆的好方式。
然而,计划旅行可能会让人感到不知所措,特别是如果你不熟悉目的地或语言。
为了帮助你充分利用下一次冒险,以下是一些用英语计划下一次旅行的技巧。
1. Choose your destination。
1.选择你的目的地。
The first step in planning any trip is to decide where you want to go. Do you want to visit a big city, a beach, a mountain, or a national park? Do you want to travel domestically or internationally? Once you have a general idea of your destination, you can start doing research to learn more about the location, the culture, the language, and the activities available.计划任何旅行的第一步是决定你想去哪里。
英语作业翻译
1. Excuse me. Where's the nearest police station?打扰一下/劳驾,离这儿最近的派出所在哪里?2.Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?我有个问题弄不懂,想请教你,你能回答吗?3. Crops grow well in the south.庄稼在南方生长得很好。
4. I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang.我在睡觉时,电话铃突然响了。
5. Don’t you see it was just for fun ? Y ou got it all wrong.你没看出那不过是开开玩笑吗?你完全误解了。
6. If you don’t mind, please pass me the salt.如果方便的话,请把盐递给我。
7. If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to dedicate yourself wholeheartedly to the cause.如果你决定学一门新的语言,你必须全身心地投入。
8. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.在这个物质财富充裕的时代,我们感到精神上的饥渴。
9. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely toexperience.我们的激情越多,我们有可能体验的快乐就越多。
10. Tom’s father has taught English here since he graduated fromPeking University.汤姆的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。
英语翻译作业
第二单元翻译:1、A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education. These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors. MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course; inspire people to "try on" subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal (多模式的) learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles; and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕课是一种网络课程,它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。
英语作业-翻译
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently
5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.
Unit4
II. Translation
5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.
UNIT4全球化对中国年轻人的影响
Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.
英语作业英译中
请从以下50句英语句子中,任选30句将其翻译成汉语,请标清楚相应的题号。
1.As is known to all, China is the largest developing country in the world today.1.众所周知,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
2.The friend saw everything but did not say a single word.2.这个朋友看到了所有事情但一个字也不说。
3.They thought that there must be something wrong with their TV set.3.他们想他们的电视一定出现了问题。
4.You and your team can discover the answers to problems together.4.你和你的团队可以一起研究解决出这个问题的答案。
5.Life is meaningless without a purpose.5.没有目标的生命是没有意义的。
6.He didn’t need to atten d the meeting.6.他没有必要参加这次聚会7.He prefers coffee to tea.7.比起茶他更喜欢咖啡。
8.Are you fond of music?8.你喜欢音乐吗?9.You’d better do that again.9.你最好再做一次。
10.What kind of life do most people enjoy?10.大多数的人喜欢什么样的生活了?11.This box can hold more books than that one.11.这个箱子比那个箱子能装更多的书。
12.Bothe Ann and Mary are suitable for the job.12.安妮和玛丽都适合这份工作。
13.I slept soundly all night.13.我整晚都睡得很好。
英语翻译作业
1.这位老绅士抱怨法律如此有利于罪犯,使得审判看来像是一场运气的游戏。
(to grumble)The old gentleman is to grumble about that the laws are so favored the criminal that trials seem to be a game of fortune. 2.如果我们只坚持这样的紧缩措施,国家将滑入更深的经济萧条。
(austerity)If we only stick to such austerity measures, the country will plunge deeper and deeper into recession.3.全世界科学家的共识是地球可能在未来几十年中变暖。
(consensus)The consensus among the world's scientists is that the earth is likely to warm up over the next few decades.4.如果抓住他们痛打一顿,他们会向警察告发我们。
( to denounce)If we catch them and beat them up, they will denounce us at the police.5.我们坚决反对铺张浪费和形式主义。
(extravagance)We will resolutely oppose extravagance, waste and formalism.6. 政治家和商界领袖们常常质问,无需负责的机构为什么有权这么做。
(unaccountable)Politicians and business leaders often query why those unaccountable organizations have the night to do so.7. 他告诉我,他有坏消息相告,我准备听坏消息。
英语翻译作业
英语翻译作业第一篇:英语翻译作业精品欣赏进取的幸福【中文】正是因为不停地追求进取,我们才感到生活幸福。
一件事完成后,另一件随之而来,如此连绵不绝,永无止境。
对于往前看的人来说,眼前总有一番新天地。
虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上,整日忙于锁事且生命短暂,但我们生来就有不尽的希望,如天上繁星,遥不可及。
只要生命犹在,希望便会不止。
真正的幸福在于怎样开始,而不是如何结束,在于我们的希翼,而并非拥有。
【英文】We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series.There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.T o be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.四级翻译练习中国是舞龙舞狮的起源地。
自问世以来,舞龙、舞狮运动一直受到各个民族人民的喜爱,代代相传,长久不衰,并因此形成了灿烂的舞龙舞狮文化。
长期以来,很多青年朋友都以为龙舞、狮舞就是春节、庙会、庆典时的喜庆表演,殊不知它历经了几千年的传承流变,积淀了深厚的历史文化,是祖先留给我们的极其宝贵的文化遗产。
研究生英语作业翻译汇总
第一次作业1.Develop a work identity independent of your job, defining yourselfby what you do rather than simply by your job title. Look at yourself as the owner of a self-managed group of skills and abilities that you apply in a wide range of jobs and projects参考答案:要跳出你当前的职业来给你自己的工作定位,要用你做什么而不是简单地用你的职业名称来定位自己。
要把自己看成是你做掌握的那些技能和才能的主人,这些技能和才能可以广泛用于各种工作和项目。
2. In Temp World you must withstand disappointment, juggle stressful situations, and handle pressure to deal with failures as well as successes. Rather than being immobilized by failure, you must learn from your setbacks and use them to your advantages in the future. Successful people relect, in an honest way, on things that didn't go well, but they don't beat themselves up for it, endlessly revisiting the event.参考答案:在“临时”世界中,你必须挺得住失望的折磨,尽力应付紧迫的局面,沉着地对待压力。
医学英语作业翻译
Language focus: 1、Prescriber 处方2、be exhorted to 被….劝说3、emerge 形成句子:Despite (or because of) being wined and dined in style, the voices of dissent are coming from the medical profession.句子翻译:尽管(或者是因为)MBM时下受到热情款待,医学专业人员却发出了异议。
词组分析:Be wined and dined 意思不是饮酒和饮食,是款待的意思。
句子分析:句中并没有MBM,但是这里根据上下文的内容,隐含了MBM 在时下受到热情款待。
Sickness is part of the human condition. Doctors and pharmaceutical companies are necessary. Medications are necessary. And medications generally work, but MBM spins them to work better than they d o, to seem to work for other conditions that they don’t really work for, and to appear more side-effect free than they really are, and to almost always seem better than the old off-patent drugs.疾病是人类生存发展过程中比克避免的一部分,医生和制药公司举足轻重,药物确实也发挥了不可或缺的作用。
但是市场医疗鼓吹了他们的能力,认为他们能解决他们解决不了问题,并吹嘘副作用更少且比传统的非处方药更好。
我的看法:Prevention is better than cure: out of a country's health budget, a large proportionshould be diverted from treatment to spending on health education and preventative measures. The rising cost of health care has become a problem in many countries in the world.In order to solve this problem, this is a big part of the nationalhealth budgetproposals for health education and disease prevention rather than cure. First of all, many diseases can be prevented, preventing a disease that is usuallymuch cheaper than treating. For example, people can prevent catching a cold, if they dress warmly and get good rest, when the weather is cold in winter. However, many people get sick because they do not, and spend more money, a doct123 is another caseof cancer seen in point, is the world's leading causes of death. But lung cancer,liver cancer and many other types of cancer can be effectively prevented, if the measures taken in the early stage, for their health. Smoke less or eat healthier food,such assmall things will keep thousands of households, become bankrupt, if patients take early cancer preventive measures.In addition, health education also plays a key role in improving people'shealth. Formore information about health, countries could help people understand the prevention of disease and the method to realize the importance of it.However, emphasis on disease prevention and medical significance can not be underestimated. After all, the prevention and treatment of only two different means ofmoving with the E12In short, we can save more money in health care and treatment of patients, ifwe usethe national health prevention and education, more money.That sounds like a big stride back towards EBM.”这听起来像是对循证医学的大步倒退。
写作业常用英语翻译
写作业常用英语翻译1. 完成作业 - "Finish the homework"2. 提交作业 - "Submit the assignment"3. 作业截止日期 - "Homework deadline"4. 作业批改 - "Homework correction"5. 作业检查 - "Homework review"6. 家庭作业 - "Homework"7. 课堂作业 - "Classwork"8. 练习题 - "Exercises"9. 作业本 - "Homework book"10. 作业量 - "Amount of homework"11. 作业帮助 - "Homework help"12. 作业指导 - "Homework guidance"13. 作业答案 - "Homework answers"14. 作业题目 - "Homework questions"15. 作业进度 - "Homework progress"16. 作业清单 - "Homework checklist"17. 作业评分 - "Homework grading"18. 作业要求 - "Homework requirements"19. 作业完成情况 - "Homework completion status"20. 作业讨论 - "Homework discussion"21. 作业反馈 - "Homework feedback"22. 作业延期 - "Homework extension"23. 作业提交 - "Homework submission"24. 作业笔记 - "Homework notes"25. 作业计划 - "Homework schedule"。
英语翻译作业 第二小组
翻译作业小组成员:李倩 2140095002 陈玉丹 2140095011 廖江花 2140095001 陈杏文 2140095019 郭琦 2140095015 龚明正 2140095018定语从句1. People who live in the areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence should build houses that are resistant to ground movement.居住在地震多发区的人们应该建造能够抵抗地层移动的房屋。
2. Plants that bear their seeds in this manner are known as angiosperms(被子植物),or flowering plants(显花植物).以这种方式结种子的植物叫做被子植物或者是显花植物。
3. In those days when science remained undeveloped, the crew's knowledge of thunder and lightning was next to nothing.在科学不发达的年代里,水手们对雷电知识几乎一窍不通。
4.He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this book which the students are quite familiar with.他花了大量的时间来介绍学生都十分熟悉的这本书,这是不必要的。
5. The proposal was surprisingly criticized by all walks of people.这条建议受到各阶层人民的反对,真是令人吃惊。
6. Interestingly, America is now dependent on Africa for 40% of its oil imports.有趣的是,现在美国40%的石油进口都依靠非洲。
初中英语翻译作业2
21天英语速成班作业(二)(一)A train stops at a station(车站). A young man wants to come out, but it is raining. A boy is standing under a big umbrella. The young man says to the boy. "Can you go and get us two hamburgers, one for you and one for me? Here are two dollars." "Great!" say the boy and he goes to buy hamburgers. After some time, the boy is back. He is eating a hamburger. "Where is my hamburger?" asks the young man. "Oh, there is only one hamburger left. So I'm eating mine. Here is your dollar. "(二)One day, a monkey drove his car near a lake. Sudden, he saw a tiger under a tree. The tiger saw him, too. The tiger ran very fast at the monkey. The monkey was very afraid and he and his car fell into the lake. The monkey couldn't swim and he shouted. A rabbit came and he jumped into the lake. The rabbit swam to the monkey but did not help him. Both of them shouted for help. Luckily, a giraffe came along. He was very tall. He helped the rabbit and the monkey.(三)Jack and Sally are brother and sister. They are twins. They like to swim and ride bike. They like to fly kites, too. They often (经常) run with the kites near the river . The kites are very high. They look very happy (高兴) .But not all of their favorite games are the same. Jack likes to play football and Sally likes to play basketball. Jack likes to jump high, he thinks it's easy, but Sally thinks it's very hard. Sally likes to make something, but Jack can't. Sally can sing well and Jack can throw the yo-yo very well.(四)Miss Lee is only twenty-one. She is tall and thin(瘦), and she has brown, long hair. She likeschildren and her teaching work. From Monday to Friday she stays at school and gives the children classes. She has much work to do, but she often plays games with her students after school. The children like her very much. On Sunday she drives her car to her father's house and stays with her father and mother. Sometimes she goes to see her friends on Sunday. She drives back to school on Monday morning.She likes singing, dancing and swimming. She's a nice teacher.(五)My name is Sally White. I am a school girl. My school is far from my home. Every day it takes long time to get there. The road is not flat(平坦). So I cannot go to school by bike. I often go there by bus or on foot. It takes me thirty minutes to get there by bus and an hour on foot. I must get up very early every morning. I have no time for breakfast at home. I often eat something for breakfast on the way. I don't want to be late for school.(六)Sam is a little boy, and he is only eight years old. One day he goes to the cinema. It is the first time for him to do that. He buys a ticket and then goes in. But after two or three minutes he comes out, buys a second ticket and goes in again. After a few minutes he comes out again and buys a third ticket .Two or three minutes later he asks for another ticket. Then the girl in the ticket office asks him, ”Why do you buy so many tickets? How many friends do you meet?”Sam answers, ”No, I nave no friend here. But a big boy always stops me at the door and tears my tickets in piece.”(七)Long long ago, there was a little mouse. On a sunny morning, the mouse rode a biketo the park. On his way to the park, he met a big fat cat. He was very afraid of the cat. So he rode his bike away. However(然而), his bike broke. He had to take a bus home. When he got home, he was very hungry. He ate a bowl of noodles and drank a cup of milk. He broke the cup just after drinking the milk. So, he had to clean the floor. When he was cleaning the floor, his grandma came.He was very happy to see his grandma. His grandma cooked him a very delicious dinner. After dinner, they took a long walk in the park. However, they saw a snake there and ran away at once. When they went back home, they were very tired. They took a bath and then went to bed.。
英语翻译作业
英语翻译与写作实习作业学院:班级:姓名:学号:翻译练习一、翻译下列各句(注意理解原文)1.she is no fool.她很精明。
2.He is not incapable.他不是无能。
3.I can’t help thinking that he is still alive.我不禁想到还活着。
4.It is a long lane that has no turning.这是一个长巷口没有转弯处。
5.She never comes without bringing some candy for the children.她没有来过没有带来一些糖果给孩子们。
二、翻译下列各句(注意时态的变换)6.After the outbreak of the war, the whole country was armed in a few days.战争爆发后,全国武装起来了好几天。
7.At that meeting an agreement was very soon arrived at.本协议会议非常很快就到了。
8.I’m afraid I shall be laughed at.恐怕我要被人嘲笑。
9.My first twenty years were spent in a poverty-stricken countryside.我的头二十年之前一直在一个非常贫困的农村。
10.They were given a hearty welcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。
11.Rivers are controlled by dams.拦河坝把河流控制住了。
12.Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.希特勒被历史的风暴席卷而去。
13.Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, only a few of secondary大部分问题已经圆满地解决了,只有几次要的14.importance remain to be discussed.重要有待讨论。
大学英语专业翻译作业
1)这种力,是一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现。
It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself2)凭窗站了一会,微微的觉得凉意侵入。
转过身来,忽然眼花缭乱,屋子里的别的东西,都隐在光云里;……Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light.3)这架收音机该有多大的重量啊!它载着解放区人民的心,载着全中国人民的希望,载着我们国家的命运。
What a heavy load this aero plane bore! It carried the hearts of people of the liberated areas, the hopes of the entire Chinese people, and the destiny of our country.4)看着信,林震不禁独自笑起来了,他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”,准备在回信时告诉他们下次要避免别字。
5)人无千日好,花无百日红。
Man cannot be alwaysfortunate; flowers do not last forever.(1)6)除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间房呢。
一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走。
我没那么好的记性。
大家见面,招呼声“吃了吗?”透着和气。
英语翻译作业 无锡
Wu Xi is a small city that belongs to a southern provience Jiang Su. It is located between NanJing and ShangHai. About 6000 years ago, a primitive tribe settled here. Toay’s Wu Xi began to be built in the second century B.C. As a result of people explored tin in XiShan at southwest of city, this city was called “You Xi” by people. But the tin was explored and used year after year, there was no any tin. So “You Xi” was changedto “Wu Xi”.Wu Xi faces the TaiHu lake in the south and the HuiShan mountain in the west, these are the major places of interest in Wu Xi. Besides, the old JingHang canal and the JingHu railway pass through here.The TaiHu lake is one of the five large freshwater lakes, the area is 36000 hectares, there are about 100 islands and 72 mountains along the coast. Thousands of years ago, it is only a small pond. After many years, the Yangtze River delta expanded gradually and combined some harbor dams. The small pond became a inland lake, so the original islands became mountains. The TaiHu lake is surrounded by many mountains and the scenery is very beautiful like a fairyland.About 14.6 kilometres length of the JingHang canal pass through the urban city, but there are altogether 40 kilometres in the whole city. This canal has been used more than 2400 years, this green belt of water still flows smoothly, there are many places of interest along the coast. The canal began to be built in the Spring and Autumn periods, the overall length is about 1794 kilometres. It is a symbol of the Chinese civilization like the Great wall.The canal is both narrow and deep, there are a row of old houses with green tiles and white walls along the two banks. Wu Xi holds a series of tourist activities every year, especially during on October 8th to 14 th this year, Wu Xi will hold a “Wu Xi Tai Hu International Fishing Competition”, both groups and individuals, professional and amateur players can register.。
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人格、策略行为与与日常生活中的问题解决南锡康托尔和罗伯特E 哈罗在某种程度上,非心理学家和心理学家通常都把人格看作是“拥有某种”类似特质的东西,也可以认为人格是做某些事情。
也就是说在某些方面而言,人格可以被看做是组织和引导日常行为。
在他们认为的重要的日常生活的奋斗、任务和目标上,个体的人格会表现出显著地变化。
虽然这些人的目标是在那些如同有意义的生活经历一样重要的当前文化的背景下形成的,但个人所理解的这些目标又与他们的动机和经历相一致。
例如,随着青春期的到来,西方文化背景下的人把要从家庭中独立出来当成一个很普遍的目标。
对于某个人来说,这个目标可能意味着要独立解决资金问题并操持家务,对另一个来说,他也可能包括要解决价值支持系统丧失的问题,而还有一些人可能要发展一种父母兄弟都期望拥有的自由个性。
我们把文化影响下的个人的看法归类于生活目标。
这些生活目标被看做是在日常生活中人们努力解决的问题,我们的研究调查了这些问题解决的方式。
生活目标追求策略与一些对目标指向型问题解决的分析一样,测验生活目标的追求不仅对被描述问题的考虑,还包括对用于问题解决的策略的考虑我们的研究发现在解决这些重要问题时个体的行为会受一些典型方式的支配,即人们的许多行为是策略性的。
策略的内容包括设定期望,预期结果,随着事件的展开控制行为,对发生的时间及原因进行回顾性理解等。
追求生活目标的策略并不一定是夸大的行为计划,也不是说她们在有意的描绘行为的蓝图就是策略性的,策略是应对任务的挑战时的个性方法。
目标追求策略是个体评估问题的必然结果,当个体把特定目标的需求看作是比较简单的并且比较自信自己的能力能满足这些要求,策略努力也就相对简单,也就需要较少的努力。
然而,目标追求不总是简单的,在我们的工作中,我们把注意力集中在对目标追求的努力上,尽管目标是有益的,重要的,但同时也是困难的,令人感到气馁的。
这些目标——不同的人对不同的目标,人们力争在面对他们政府目标的能力的质疑面前做出让步。
就“结交新朋友”,当他们离开家的一个生活目标已经被许多年轻人接受。
尽管一些人可能发现这个目标是很有趣的,但是也有人一想到甚至要与不熟悉的人有谈话便会很焦虑,而且这焦虑很可能组织他们追求目标。
在这些案例中,人需要策略来动员他们进行目标追求,并且防止焦虑压力恶化。
在这一部分我们略述来看,日常生活中这些策略如何支配行为进行目标追求以及在日常生活背景下我们如何研究这些策略。
通过对我们的态度和策略行为本质的普遍解释,我们详细描述了研究的三种典型策略:社会约束、防御性悲观和社交性学术追求。
我们选择这些策略是因为他们对策略行为如何像人们估量的那样顺应生活目标挑战的。
这些典型的策略用在学术和社会生活两个领域,这两个领域在青少年行为中有重要地位。
最后,人们日常生活中的行为都与这些策略有关。
我们调查的方法包括经验抽验研究,这些被试在对主观的一个随机的程序化的信号做出反应,并报告他们的行为。
纵向研究使经验抽样更完美,这种纵向研究包括对策略行为及其随着时间的推移和对其成分所进行的微观分析研究产生的影响。
目标追求的策略及方法与征点分析相比,策略分析是基于策略指导下的行为的功能重要性,不一定是基于各种行为的相似点,这一维度的特征分析将集中于在社会情境中所有代表行为抑制的各种行为。
而策略分析的焦点将在行为上,对自我的看法上以及产生这个策略的目标上,其中这种行为是指在参加社交活动中把焦虑减小到最低值时的清晰策略指导下的行为。
Characteristic (类型)Strategy(策略)Defensivepessimism(防御性悲观)Social pursuit ofacademics(社交性学术追求)Social constraint(社会约束)Domain(领域) Academic or social(学术的或社会的)Academic to social(学术的到社会的)Social(社会的)Obstacle(障碍)Anxiety(焦虑)Reactivity to negativeoutcomes(对消极结果的反复体验)Self-negativity(自我否定)Key strategic element (关键策略性元素) Anticipatorycognition(预见性的认知)Reassurance-seeking insocial situations(在社交环境中寻求安慰)Other-directedness(他人的指导)Side effects and sacrifices(副作用和损失)Emotional exertion(情感努力)Spillover to socialsatisfaction(超出社会满意)Furtherself-negativity(更深层的自我否定)Route to beneficial change(有益改变路线)Savor gains as cutlosses(减少损失即是收获)React less to negativetask outcomes(冷静对待消极结果)Reflect on one’s activeparticipation(深思他人的积极参与)这样一个广泛关注的问题,需要各种各样的综合的评价技术。
例如,我们做了一个关于社会焦虑的调查,这个调查的资料来源于一个规模比较大的纵向分析,它对147名大学生的经历进行了5年的跟踪研究。
这个研究选定的方法包括“交朋友如何跟别人相处”,生活目标的调查评估问卷由结构式会谈来补充,这些会谈的内容是参与者去描述他们是如何在日常生活中追求社会活动的。
一些训练有素的评判员根据这些会谈录像,使用Q分类方法描述了几种不同的追求社会生活的策略,例如,在社交场合中,有些人把他人行为作向导解决自己的问题时,会有不理想或不起作用的感觉,这些人会使用社会约束策略。
使用这个策略的学生认为追求交朋友这个目标是重要和理想的,但也是有压力的。
这种压力的部分原因是具有消极的自我审视的特点和一种比别人少的社会需要感这些学生在社会生活中表现出一种他人导向的模式:对她们自己的社会技能缺乏信心,他们根据其他人设立的标准来判断自己。
此外,他们认为其他人的社会决定要优于自己的,并在社会活动中努力把自己的注意转移到顺从别人的带领。
这个策略通过给他们一个关于他人的社会交往的依照来让他们积极的参与活动,从而改变他们的表现压力,这种方法在他们存在自我否定感的情况下,对他们参与活动是很重要的。
这种策略的认知和行为的要素是依据时间和方式划分的,他的目的不是以克服在参加社会活动中时产生的障碍目标追求的策略及时间、地点策略也详细记述了以下条件:时间、地点、伙伴,他们与目标追求相关联。
例如,社会约束与社会情境相关联,而不与课堂行为有关。
生活目标策略的一个主要特征是:在相关目标背景下,策略中的行为以时间的固定方式逐渐表露。
例如,防御性悲观是个体使用的预期性的策略,通常是那些在重要目标,如学术性的目标或社交性的目标做的很好的个体,除了对自己是否有能力解决相关目标挑战缺乏信心的人之外。
娜瑞姆和她的同事通过日常生活经验取样和实验室实验调查了学术防御性悲观主义者的用处,这些研究认为这种对特定的与目标紧密相关的挑战的信心缺乏经验会产生削弱表现的焦虑。
防御性悲观主义者通过在任务前的自我认知准备,对自己的表现设置的相对较低的期望值,广泛的对任何可能的结果给予反应(包括最坏的情况)来防止这种表现不足。
在预期的认知工作妨碍的实验室研究中,通过在与目标紧密相关的挑战钱向防御性悲观主义者提供鼓励或通过阻止他们对可能结果的反应,防御性悲观主义者比他们能在任务前准备时表现的差。
通过参与预期认知工作,他们在实际挑战来临前处理焦虑,实际上,他们把焦虑转化成动机,所以他们能够表现的和那些持更乐观思考策略的与他们职业相当的人一样好。
与真正的悲观主义者事后消极思考不同,防御性悲观主义者的批判性认知工作在事件发生前产生,而且这个短时的模式对努力地成功是绝对重要的。
事后努力也可以看作是一种策略这主要取决于个人在追求目标是需要克服的特殊障碍。
最近我们调查了另一个学术策略,特使一种与目标事件有直接关系的策略行为。
对于这项分析,我们历时15天,对一所住宿制学院联谊会成员的生活目标追求进行了密切追踪并利用经验从中抽取数据。
在我们的54个女大学生联谊会的样本中,有一组中有23名女性,她们被我们称为结果中心论者:她们非常注重学术成果,但在是否有能力达到学术的顶端这一方面上,却表现的缺乏确定性。
当这些人经历了负面的学术成果之后,例如考试成绩。
她们把学术目标的追求扩展到社会生活中,以从朋友那里寻求学业上的安慰。
这种关系并没有扩展到非社会性的情况中;例如,当她们独处时,注重结果的女性没有可能比其他女性更关注负面的学术事件。
当他们感到被威胁时,有些人会在学术活动之后加紧策略努力,相反,防御性悲观主义者认为即将到来的挑战如同威胁,因此,她们会在有关的目标发生之前把自己的策略融入其中。
以结果为中心的个体寻求再保证的策略不仅是短暂的和情境性的模仿,而且是人际关系的模范。
例如,当面对学术上的困难时,在妇女联谊会中注重结果的女性会学习有选择性花费社交时间在那些通常鼓励他们的个体身上。
另外,这些鼓励着通常不是注重结果的女性,而是对自己学术能力很有信心的女性。
因此,她们可能比注重结果的女性更有能力提供再保证。
要展示复杂的策略性模仿,我们的方法也必须是复杂的。
例如,在妇女联谊会的研究中,人们参与报告多个日常生活中的时间段,关于他们和谁在一起,在做什么,她们在哪里以及她们有什么感受。
此外,我们还收集了日常生活中与目标有关的事件的日记式报告。
这些日常生活中的数据与研究所提供的关于他们的朋友是谁、以及他们服务的那些个体的各种角色的数据是交叉引用的,并且还提供很多他们的社会和行为环境的照片。
这样的交叉引用使我们沿着我们目标追求的相关防方面去展示。
例如特殊被试的寻求在保证策略。
副作用及策略的损失问题解决的所有分析促进了关于个体发展问题解决策略的有效性的考虑。
考虑策略的有效性不像他们第一次出现一样轻而易举,但是,因为一种策略可能成功的改善目标问题,这可能产生额外的人们必须面对的问题。
在前面部分讨论的三种策略的工作中,我们一致的发现意想不到的策略行为的结果(麦格的概括),并且这些副作用不能被忽视,尤其是他们一直使用来的积累,例如,在我们适应大学生活的纵向研究中,发现防御性悲观主义者疲惫而不间断的准备工作导致了情绪低落,并且减少了他们在大学第三年学术工作的内在动机。
同样的Showers表示,防御性悲观主义者在实验室中社交方面做的很好之后在社交范围内有很大的情绪失落。
直觉不明显或明显的个体在策略行为上的消耗可能会妨碍其他的生活目标。