2019年中考英语考纲词汇

A
a(an) [?, e?(?n)] art. 一（个、件……）
用法：不定冠词的常见用法
①第一次提到，表示泛指。

②含有数量“一”的概念，但是不如one强烈。

ability [??b?l?t?] n. 能力；才能
a man of ability 有能力的人
the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力
able [?e?b(?)l] a.能够；有能力的
be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
about [??ba?t]prep. 对于，关于；大约；在…...周围be about to do 即将......
We were about to go when it suddenly rained.
我们正要出发，突然天下雨了。

look about 四处寻找
run about 到处跑
What/How about…?
above [??b?v] prep.在……上面
above all 最重要的是
Above all, the work must be finished before nine by ourselves.
最重要的是，工作必须在九点之前由我们自己独立完成。

注意：above的反义词为below
abroad [??br??d] ad. 到（在）国外
from abroad 从国外，从海外
His parents have just come back from abroad.
他的父母刚刚从海外回来，我们去看望他们吧。

go abroad 出国
absent[??bs?nt] a. 缺席；不在
accept [?k?sept] vt. 接受
近义词辨析：accept 和receive
accept 是“接受、认可“的意思，是收到并接受；receive 有”收到“的意思，但不一定接受。

I received a lot of gifts on my birthday, but I didn’t accept any.
生日那天我收到许多礼物，但是我并没有收下任何礼物。

I received his invitation but I didn’t accept it.（我收到他的邀请,但我没接受。

）
accident [??ks?d?nt]n. 事故；偶然
by accident意外地，偶然地
a traffic accident 交通事故
according to prep. 根据…;依照
according to 根据，按照
achieve[??t?i?v]vt. 达到；取得
He hopes to achieve all the aims soon .
（他希望很快达成所有目标。

）
across [??kr?s]prep横过；穿过
across prep.在…...对面，横穿
近义词辨析：across 和through
across表示“横过，穿过”，着重指从路线或物体表面的一边
到另一边（表面）。

across the street 横过马路
through “穿过，从……中间通过”，着重指从空间的一头穿到另一头（内部）。

through the forest 穿过森林
act [?kt]n. v. 法令；条例表演，扮演（角色）；演出，行动
act as担任(起...作用)
词性转换：actor/actress n.男演员/女演员
action [??k?(?)n]n.行动
We must take action right now, otherwise we'll be late.
我们现在就得采取行动了，否则就迟到了。

active[??kt?v]a.积极的，主动的
take an active part in 积极参加......
I don’t think everyone should take an active part in the
social activities.
我认为并不是所有的人都应该积极参与到社会活动中去。

activity[?k?t?v?t?] n.活动
actor[??kt?]n.演员，男演员,行动者
actress[??ktr?s]n.女演员
add[?d] vt.增添；增加
add to 增加，增添
add up 合计
add up to 合计达
add…to…把......添加到......
address[??dres]n.地址
advantage [?d?vɑ?nt?d?]n.优点；好处
advertisement [?d?v?:t?sm?nt](ad)n.公告；启事；广告Have you read the want ad in the newspaper?你看过报纸上的招聘广告吗？
Put an advertisement in the newspaper
advice [?d?va?s]n. 忠告；劝告；建议
a piece of advice一条建议
ask for advice寻求建议
give advice提建议
take/follow one's advice接受/采纳某人的建议
advise[?d?va?z]vt. 忠告；劝告；建议
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
My teacher advised me to do more reading. （我的老师建议我多读。

）
afford [??f??d]vt. 负担的起（……的费用）；抽的出（时间）；提供
Mary was not able to afford a new car.（玛丽买不起新车。

）
afraid[??fre?d]a. 害怕的；担心的
be afraid of 害怕......
Don't be afraid of asking for help from others.不要害怕向别人求助。

be afraid for 担心......
I'm afraid for my sister. 我担心我的妹妹。

I'm afraid so./I'm afraid not. /I'm afraid that….
Africa n. 非洲
African a.非洲的，非洲人的
after [?ɑ?ft?(r)]adv./prep/conj. 在...…之后；晚于
after all 终究，毕竟
It has turned out to be a nice day after all.
天气终于转晴了。

afternoon [ɑ?ft??nu?n] n.下午，午后
in the afternoon
on Monday afternoon
on the afternoon of…
again[??ɡe?n] ad. 再一次；再，又
again and again 一次又一次地，反复地，再三地
I called him again and again, but he didn’t answer the telephone.
我一次又一次地给他打电话，可是他就是不接。

now and again 有时
He came to see me now and again.
他过去有时来看望我。

against [??ɡe?nst] prep.对着，反对
①对着，反对
If no one is against this plan, let's carry it out. 如果没有人反对这个计划，那我们就开始吧。

②靠着，依着
The policeman asked the young man to stand against the
wall. 警察命令那个年轻人靠着墙站好。

age [e?d?]n.年龄；时代
for one's age 论年龄
He looks older for his age because of years of hard work.
由于多年操劳，他看起来比实际年龄大。

at the age of 在...…岁时
ago [??ɡ??]ad. 以前
long ago 很久以前，从前
Long long ago there was a king and he loved horses. 很久以前，有一位国王，他喜爱马。

some time ago 不久前
Some time ago, I heard he would come to see me. 不久前，我听说他要来看我。

a while ago 刚才
He was here a while ago. 他刚才还在这儿。

近义词辨析：ago 和before
ago: 应注意两点：①用于一般过去时；②它所指的时间是从现在算起。

before: 也应该注意两点：①用于过去完成时；②她所指的时间不是从现在算起，而是从过去某一时刻算起。

A short time before, tall trees had covered the country for
many miles around. 在那时不久之前，高大的树木覆盖着方圆数英里。

agree [??ɡri?] v.同意；应允
近义词辨析：agree to 和agree with
agree to: 意思是“同意”，后面接表示计划、安排、意见、条件之类的名词或动词原形，表示愿意协助工作。

Do you agree to this agreement? 你同意这项协议吗？He didn't agree to help us. 他不同意帮助我们。

agree with: 意思是“与……（意见）一致”后面一般接人，也可接意见、看法等。

但不含有协助的意思。

I don't agree with what you said. 我不同意你说的话。

I don't agree with your idea. 我不同意你的主意
Her father didn't agree to buy him a computer. （她父亲不同意给她买电脑。

）
agree on 就......达成一致
agreement[??ɡri?m?nt] n.同意；一致；协定
air [e?(r)]n.空气；大气
by air 乘飞机
in the (open) air 在户外
airport [?e?p??t]n.航空站，飞机场
at the airport 在机场
alive [??la?v] a.活着的，存在的
all [??l]adj.&pron.全部的，所有的
all day 整日
all kinds of 各种各样的
all over 遍布
all right 行，可以
all along 一直，始终
not at all 根本不
in all 总共
allow [??la?] vt.允许，准允
allow sb to do sth
Father allowed me to go to the cinema .（父亲允许我去看电影。

）
allow doing
almost [???lm??st] ad. 几乎，差不多
alone [??l??n] a.单独的，孤独的
近义词辨析：lonely/alone
alone 指“独自一人的”，强调客观事实，通常只放在动词、系动词之后，作表语
He was alone in the room. 他独自一人在屋里。

lonely 指“孤单的”、“孤独的”，表示主观感觉，在句中作标语或主语。

用作定语修饰地方时。

along [??l??; (US) ??l??]adv. & prep沿着；向前；共同，一起；
all along 始终，一直
I knew the truth of the matter all long. 那件事情的真相我
始终是清楚的。

along with 于.……一道
Yesterday I went along with my brother to the shop.昨天我和我的弟弟一道去了那家商店。

get along with 和......相处
aloud[??la?d] ad.大声地
read aloud 大声朗读
already [??l?red?]ad.已经
近义词辨析：already/yet
already: 用于完成时的肯定句中。

yet :“尚（未），已经”（用于否定句、疑问句中，谈论将要发生的事情）
also [???ls??] ad. 也
although [??l?e??] conj.虽然；尽管
always [???lwe?z]ad. 总是；一直；永远
America [??mer?k?]n.美国；美洲
American [??mer?k?n] a.n. 美国人；美国人的；美国人among [??m??]prep.在……中间；在(三个以上)之间
近义词辨析：among/between
这两个词都含有“在……中间”的意思。

among 用于“三者或三者以上之间”
He built a house among the forest. 他在树林中盖了一间房。

between 则用于“两者之间”
What is the difference between the two words?
这两个词的区别是什么？
ancient [?e?n??nt] a.古代的;古老的
and [?nd, ?nd]conj.和；又；而
and so on 等等
This book tells about food, fruits, dishes and so on.
这本书讲了有关食物、水果、菜肴等等有关的东西。

angry [??nɡr?]a.生气的，愤怒的
be angry with/at/about
animal[??n?m(?)l] n. 动物
another [??n?e?(r)]a.pron. 再一；另一；别的；不同的；另一个
answer [?ɑ?ns?(r); (US) ??ns?r]n.&v.回答;解决方案;反应
I couldn’t answer all the exam questions.
我没能作答全部的试卷问题。

the answer to sth. ......的答案/解决方案
ant [?nt]n.蚂蚁
There are some ants in the tree. 树里有一些蚂蚁。

any [?en?we?]pron. 任何一个人/物adj.每一的;任何一个的
anybody[?en?b?d?] pron.任何人，无论谁
anyone [?en?w?n] pron.任何人，无论谁
anything [?en?θ??]pron.什么事（物）；任何事（物）anyway[?en?we?] ad. 不管怎样
anywhere [?eniwe?(r)] ad. 任何地方
appear[??p??(r)] vi.出现
It appears that he's lost interest in singing.（看来他对唱歌失去兴趣了。

）
apple [??p(?)l]n. 苹果
April [?e?pr(?)l]n. 四月
area [?e?r??] n.面积；地域；区域；范围；领域
arm [ɑ?m]n.臂，支架
army [?ɑ?m?] n.军队
around [??ra?nd]prep.围绕;环绕;在...…四周
arrive [??ra?v] vi.到达；达到
arrive at/in
They arrived in Hangzhou on time.（他们按时到达杭州。

）
art [ɑ?t] n.艺术，美术；技艺
article [?ɑ?t?k(?)l] n.文章；东西；冠词
artist [?ɑ?t?st]
as[?z, ?z]adv./conj./prep同样地；与……一样；作为as…as…(用于比较)与...…一样......
Tom is as tall as his brother. 汤姆和他弟弟一样高。

as a result 结果
He works hard all day, as a result, he got a good mark in
his English exam. 他整日努力学习，因此在英语考试中取得
了优异的成绩。

as if 仿佛，好像
He talks as if he knew about it. 他说起来好像知道这件事
似的。

as long as 只要，和……一样长：
You will do well in your English study as/so long as you
keep on.只要坚持下去，你一定能学好英语。

as well 也
My class went to the cinema and I went there as well. 我们班去电影院了，我也去了那里。

Asia [?e???]n.亚洲
Asian [?e??(?)n, ?e??(?)n]n./a. 亚洲人;亚洲（人）的
ask[ɑ?sk]v.问,询问；请求，要求；邀请
ask sb to do sth.
ask for 请求，寻求
He asked a policeman for help when was in trouble yesterday. 昨天他有困难时向警察求助。

asleep[??sli?p]a.睡着的，熟睡
fall asleep 入睡
Though it is 12 in the night. I still find it hard to fall asleep.
尽管已经是夜里12点钟了，我发现还是很难入睡。

词型转换：sleep/sleeping/sleepy/asleep
at [?t]prep.在（几点钟）；在（某处）
Atlantic Ocean n.大西洋
attend[?tend]v.参加，出席，上大学
attention[??ten?(?)n]n.关心；注意
pay attention to 关注/注意......
August [???ɡ?st]n.八月
aunt [ɑ?nt; (US) ?nt]n.伯母；舅母；审；姑；姨
Australia [??stre?lj?]n.澳洲；澳大利亚
Australian [??stre?l??n]a.n.澳洲的；澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人
autumn [???t?m]n.秋天，秋季
mid-autumn 中秋
in autumn
the mid-autumn festival
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. avoid [??v??d]v.避免；躲开；逃避
She should avoid eating too much chocolate. 她应该尽量少吃巧克力。

awake [??we?k]v.&a.唤醒；醒着的
This morning I was awoken by my alarm clock. 今早我是被闹钟闹醒的。

away [??we?]ad.离开；远离
awful a.可怕的，极坏的。