英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案解析.docx
大学英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.1．Normally a student would attend at least______classes each week.A．36B．20C．12D．15正确答案：C解析：由文章第1段可知，每个学生每学期要上4到5门课，每门课每周有3节，由此可知学生每周要上12一15节课，因此一个学生每个星期至少要上12节课．故选C。
英语四级阅读理解模拟练习及答案详解
英语四级阅读理解模拟练习及答案详解Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns .A) informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB) promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employmentC) divides available jobs into various typesD) informs employers of the people available for work58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because .A) there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB) there are so many top?level jobs availableC) there are so many people out of workD) the job history is considered to be a work of art59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .A) write an initial letter giving their life historyB) pass some exams before applying for a jobC) have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD) keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .A) something that would distinguish one from other applicantsB) hinted information about the personality of the applicantC) ones advantages over others in applying for the jobD) an occasional trick with the aggressive approach61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .A) there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB) there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC) jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD) the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicatedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent —controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low—paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .A) cause a shortage of apartmentsB) worry those who rent apartments as homesC) increase the profits of landlordsD) encourage landlords to invest in building apartment63. According to the critics, rent control .A) will always benefit those who rent apartmentsB) is unnecessaryC) will bring negative effects in the long runD) is necessary under all circumstances64. The problem of unemployment will arise .A) if the minimum wage is set too highB) if the minimum wage is set too lowC) if the workers are unskilledD) if the maximum wage is set65. The passage tells us .A) the relationship between supply and demandB) the possible results of government controlsC) the necessity of government controlD) the urgency of getting rid of government controls66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.B) Minimum wage can not always protect employees.C) Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.D) Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.答案详解：57. B细节理解题。
全国大学英语CET四级考试试卷及解答参考
全国大学英语CET四级考试模拟试卷及解答参考一、写作（15分）Section I: Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Writing Sample:Studying abroad is an experience that can be both exhilarating and challenging. On one hand, it offers numerous advantages that contribute to personal growth and career development. When students go abroad, they are exposed to new cultures, which can broaden their perspectives and foster a deeper understanding of the world. Additionally, international study programs often provide access to cutting-edge research and technology, as well as opportunities to learn from leading experts in various fields. Furthermore, studying in a foreign country can enhance language skills and communication abilities, which are highly valued by employers around the globe.On the other hand, there are also some disadvantages associated with studying overseas. The cost of living and tuition fees in many countries can be significantly higher, placing a financial burden on students and their families. Moreover, being away from home for an extended period can lead tofeelings of homesickness and isolation, especially if the student struggles to integrate into the local community. There’s also the challenge of adapting to a different educational system, which might not always align with the student’s learning style or previous academic experiences.In conclusion, while studying abroad has its pros and as well as cons, it is up to each individual to weigh these factors and decide whether such an opportunity is right for them. It is important to consider personal goals, financial circumstances, and adaptability before making the decision to embark on this life-changing journey.Analysis:•Introduction: The writer starts by acknowledging the dual nature of studying abroad, highlighting that it is both exciting and filled with challenges. This sets the stage for a balanced discussion.•Body Paragraphs:•The first body paragraph focuses on the benefits of studying abroad. The writer points out three key advantages: exposure to new cultures, access to advanced resources, and improvement in language and communicationskills. Each point is briefly explained to support the claim.•In the second body paragraph, the writer addresses the potential drawbacks.The high costs, emotional difficulties like homesickness, and the need to adapt to a new educational system are all mentioned. These points help to present a realistic view of the experience.•Conclusion: The concluding paragraph summarizes the main ideas and suggests that the suitability of studying abroad depends on thei ndividual’s personal circumstances. It encourages readers to carefullyconsider their own situation before deciding, reinforcing the idea that while the experience can be beneficial, it is not without its challenges.•Language and Style: The sample uses clear and concise language, appropriate for a formal essay. Transitions between paragraphs and within paragraphs are smooth, ensuring that the flow of the argument is logical and easy to follow. The use of specific examples (e.g., “access tocutting-edge rese arch and technology”) adds credibility to the arguments presented.This writing sample effectively demonstrates how to structure a balanced argumentative essay, providing a good model for students preparing for the CET-4 writing section.二、听力理解-短篇新闻（选择题，共7分）第一题News 1A team of archaeologists has discovered a well-preserved ancient city in the desert of northern China. The city, believed to be around 1,500 years old, was found near the Gobi Desert. The discovery includes buildings, roads, and even some artifacts. Experts say the city could provide valuable insights intothe ancient Silk Road trade route.Questions:1、What was the age of the ancient city discovered in the desert of northern China?A) 1,000 years old.B) 1,200 years old.C) 1,500 years old.D) 1,800 years old.2、What is the main discovery made by the archaeologists?A) A large number of ancient artifacts.B) A well-preserved ancient city.C) A new trade route.D) Remains of an ancient Silk Road post.3、What is the significance of this discovery according to the experts?A) It reveals the secrets of ancient Silk Road traders.B) It provides information about the climate change in the region.C) It helps understand the ancient trade routes.D) It confirms the existence of a mythical city.Answers:1、C) 1,500 years old.2、B) A well-preserved ancient city.3、C) It helps understand the ancient trade routes.News Content:The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) announced yesterday that it will launch a global initiative aimed at promoting digital literacy among young people around the world. The program, called “Code for All,” is design ed to equip students with basic coding skills and an understanding of digital ethics. It aims to reach at least one million students in its first year, providing them with free online courses and resources.Questions:1、According to the news item, what is the name of UNESCO’s new global initiative?A. Digital FutureB. Code for AllC. Global Ethics OnlineAnswer: B. Code for All2、What is the primary goal of the “Code for All” program?A. To provide free computers to underprivileged studentsB. To teach students about digital ethics and coding basicsC. To promote the use of digital devices in classroomsAnswer: B. To teach students about digital ethics and coding basics3、How many students does UNESCO aim to reach with this program in its firstA. At least fifty thousandB. At least five hundred thousandC. At least one millionAnswer: C. At least one million三、听力理解-长对话（选择题，共8分）第一题Part ThreeSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear a long conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.ConversationW: Hi, John. I’m glad to see you here. How was your vacation?M: Oh, it was great. I went hiking in the mountains with my friends.W: That sounds wonderful. How long did you stay there?M: We stayed for a week. It was really beautiful up there. The scenery was just stunning.W: I can imagine. Did you do anything special while you were there?M: Yes, we went on a trek. It was challenging, but I enjoyed it a lot.W: That sounds exciting. Did you see any wildlife?M: Yes, we saw a lot of birds and some animals. It was amazing to see them in their natural habitat.W: It must have been a memorable experience. Do you plan to go hiking again?M: Definitely. I think it’s a great way to relax and enjoy nature.Questions1、What did John do during his vacation?A) He went on a trek.B) He visited his friends.C) He stayed in a hotel.D) He went hiking.2、How long did John stay in the mountains?A) A few days.B) A week.C) Two weeks.D) A month.3、What did John think of the scenery in the mountains?A) It was average.B) It was beautiful.C) It was boring.D) It was dangerous.4、What did John enjoy the most about his vacation?A) Hiking.B) Relaxing.C) Visiting his friends.D) Seeing wildlife.第二题Listen to the following long conversation and then answer the questions that follow. The conversation will be spoken twice.Conversation:M: Hey, Sarah, how’s it going with your final project for Professor Johnson’s environmental science class?W: Oh, hi, Tom. It’s coming along, but I’m really struggling with the research on renewable energy sources. There’s just so much information out there, it’s hard to know wh ere to start.M: Yeah, I can imagine. Have you considered focusing on solar or wind energy? Those seem to be the most developed technologies right now.W: Well, I’ve read quite a bit about solar energy, but I’m not sure if it’s the best topic for my projec t. What do you think?M: I think it would be a good choice because there’s a lot of current research on improving efficiency and reducing costs. Plus, there are plenty of real-world applications to discuss.W: That sounds like a good point. But isn’t wind energy also important?Maybe I should compare the two?M: Definitely! Comparing them could make your project stand out. You could talk about the advantages and disadvantages of each and maybe even touch on their implementation in different countries.W: Hm m…that gives me an idea. Thanks, Tom. I’ll start working on that angle right away!1、What is Sarah working on?A) A final exam preparation.B)An environmental science project.C) A presentation on renewable energy.D) A report on real-world applications.Answer: B) An environmental science project.2、Why is Sarah finding her research challenging?A)She is unsure about the focus of her project.B)She has too many resources on solar energy.C)She lacks information on renewable energy sources.D)She finds it difficult to organize her notes.Answer: A) She is unsure about the focus of her project.3、What suggestion does Tom give Sarah regarding her project?A)To concentrate solely on wind energy.B)To choose between solar and wind energy.C)To include both solar and wind energy in her study.D)To disregard solar energy as it’s too common.Answer: C) To include both solar and wind energy in her study.4、What aspect of renewable energy might Sarah consider discussing according to Tom?A)The historical development of solar technology.B)The cost-effectiveness of nuclear energy.C)The implementation of solar and wind energy globally.D)The theoretical basis of hydroelectric power.Answer: C) The implementation of solar and wind energy globally.四、听力理解-听力篇章（选择题，共20分）第一题PassageThe rise of automation in the workplace has sparked a debate about the future of employment. While many argue that automation will lead to job losses, others believe it will create new opportunities. In this article, we explore both perspectives and discuss the potential impact on the workforce.In the short term, automation is likely to displace workers in certain industries. For example, the manufacturing sector has already seen a significant reduction in jobs due to the introduction of robots and automated machinery. Similarly, the service industry, particularly in areas such as retail and food service, may experience a decrease in employment as self-service kiosks and automated systems become more common.However, proponents of automation argue that it will also create new job opportunities. As technology advances, new industries and professions will emerge. For instance, the demand for professionals skilled in programming, robotics, and artificial intelligence is expected to grow. These new roles will require a different set of skills, which may necessitate a shift in education and training programs.Moreover, automation can lead to increased productivity and efficiency, potentially boosting overall economic growth. With more tasks automated, employees can focus on higher-value work, which may lead to job satisfaction and improved job performance.Despite these positive aspects, the transition to automation may not be smooth for all workers. The initial displacement of jobs could lead to social and economic challenges. For example, workers who lose their jobs due to automation may struggle to find new employment, particularly if they lack the necessary skills to adapt to the changing job market.Questions:1、What is the main concern expressed about automation in the workplace?A) It will lead to increased productivity.B) It will create new job opportunities.C) It will cause job losses in certain industries.D) It will boost economic growth.2、According to the passage, which of the following is a potentialconsequence of automation in the manufacturing sector?A) An increase in manufacturing jobs.B) A decrease in manufacturing jobs.C) No significant change in manufacturing jobs.D) A shift in the types of jobs available in manufacturing.3、What is one of the positive impacts of automation mentioned in the passage?A) It will reduce the need for education and training.B) It will lead to job satisfaction and improved job performance.C) It will decrease the overall economic growth.D) It will eliminate the need for higher-value work.Answers:1、C2、B3、BSecond Part: Listening Comprehension - Listening PassageDirections: In this part, you will hear a passage about campus life. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You will hear the passage only once.Passage:The university has recently renovated its library facilities in order to provide students with a more comfortable and conducive environment for study. The renovations include new seating arrangements that promote group work as wellas individual study booths equipped with power outlets for laptops and charging devices. Moreover, there’s an increased number of computers ava ilable for student use, all connected to a high-speed internet network. The library now also offers extended hours during exam periods, staying open until midnight to accommodate students’ needs. Finally, the library staff has implemented a new system for reserving books online, which allows students to request materials from the comfort of their dorms or homes.Questions:1、What recent change has been made to improve the library experience?A. Extended opening hours throughout the yearB. Addition of more individual study booths onlyC. Implementation of a system for online book reservationsD. All of the aboveAnswer: D. All of the above2、、Which feature was added to support both collaborative and solo learning?A. High-speed internet connectionB. Extended library hours during examsC. New seating arrangements including group work spaces and individual boothsD. An increase in the number of available computersAnswer: C. New seating arrangements including group work spaces and individual booths3、、How can students now reserve books according to the passage?A. By visiting the library’s information deskB. Through an online reservation systemC. By calling the library’s front deskD. Books cannot be reserved; they must be collected in personAnswer: B. Through an online reservation system第三题Passage OneIn recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of technology on human relationships. With the advent of smartphones and social media, people are more connected than ever before. However, some argue that this technological advancement has led to a decline in face-to-face interactions and the quality of relationships.The first paragraph introduces the topic by highlighting the increasing reliance on technology for communication. It mentions that while technology has brought convenience, it has also raised concerns about its impact on human interactions.1、What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of technology in communication.B) The decline of face-to-face interactions.C) The rise of social media.D) The impact of technology on relationships.2、According to the passage, what is the main concern regarding the use of technology?A) It enhances the efficiency of communication.B) It leads to a decrease in the quality of relationships.C) It replaces traditional forms of communication.D) It creates more opportunities for socializing.3、The author implies that:A) Technology has completely replaced face-to-face interactions.B) The use of technology has no negative effects on relationships.C) People are increasingly aware of the negative impacts of technology on relationships.D) Social media is the only way to maintain relationships in the modern world.Answer:1、D2、B3、C五、阅读理解-词汇理解（填空题，共5分）第一题Reading PassageIn recent years, the importance of online education has grown significantly. With the rapid development of technology, especially the internet, people cannow access educational resources from anywhere in the world. This has led to a rise in the number of online courses and platforms offering a wide range of subjects. While online education offers numerous benefits, such as flexibility and convenience, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed.The following paragraph contains a list of words or phrases, each of which is followed by five examples. Choose the example that best keeps the meaning of the word or phrase in the context of the passage.Vocabulary Understanding1.The rapid development of technology has led to a significant increase in the number of online courses and platforms.a)The number of new businesses in the tech sector has surged.b)The number of students enrolling in online courses has gone up dramatically.c)The number of traffic accidents has decreased due to better road designs.d)The number of people using social media has increased exponentially.e)The number of jobs available in the renewable energy sector has declined.2.Online education offers flexibility and convenience, making it an attractive option for many students.a)The ability to study at any time of the day or night.b)The convenience of not having to travel to a physical location.c)The opportunity to learn from experts in their field.d)The guarantee of better job prospects after completing the course.e)The assurance of a high-quality education regardless of location.3.This has led to a rise in the number of online courses and platforms offering a widerange of subjects.a)The variety of subjects available online has expanded.b)The number of students interested in online education has decreased.c)The number of teachers offering online courses has gone up.d)The number of traditional educational institutions has increased.e)The number of jobs in the online education industry has decreased.4.While online education offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed.a)The challenges faced by online students are similar to those in traditional education.b)Online education does not require any challenges to be overcome.c)The challenges of online education are often overlooked.d)The challenges of online education are unique and require specific solutions.e)The challenges of online education are not a concern for most students.5.It also presents challenges that need to be addressed.a)The solutions to these challenges are straightforward.b)These challenges can be easily resolved.c)These challenges require careful consideration and planning.d)These challenges are not significant enough to warrant attention.e)These challenges are beyond the scope of this discussion.Answers:1.b2.a3.a4.d5.c第二题Reading Passage:The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. With just a few clicks, we can connect with people from all over the world, access a vast amount of information, and even shop online. However, this convenience comes with its own set of challenges. One of the most significant challenges is the need to stay informed about the latest developments in technology and cybersecurity. In this article, we will discuss some of the key factors that contribute to the importance of staying informed in the digital age.Vocabulary Understanding:Please choose the correct word from the list below to complete each sentence. Write the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) corresponding to the correct answer in the blank space provided.1.The rapid A. evolution / B. revolution / C. evolutionism / D. evolutionist of technology has made it crucial for individuals to stay informed about the latest advancements.2.In order to protect their personal information, users must be aware of the potential risks associated with A. cybercrime / B. cybernetics / C. cyberneticist / D. cybernetic3.The article highlights the importance of A. vigilance / B. vigilance /C. vigilantly /D. vigilant in the face of increasing cyber threats.4.Staying informed about new developments in cybersecurity is essential forbusinesses to A. safeguard / B. safeguarding / C. safeguarded / D. safeguarding5.The author emphasizes the need for continuous learning to keep up with the ever-changing landscape of the digital world.Answers:1.A. evolution2.A. cybercrime3.D. vigilant4.A. safeguard5.A. keep up with六、阅读理解-长篇阅读（选择题，共10分）第一题Passage OneChina’s cultural revolution, which lasted from 1966 to 1976, was a social movement with a political motive, led by the Communist Party of China. It aimed to purify the Party and society from capitalist and cultural influences. The movement was marked by widespread violence, including the persecution of intellectuals and the destruction of cultural relics. Despite its tragic consequences, the cultural revolution has left a lasting impact on Chinese society and its people.Questions:1、What was the main purpose of the cultural revolution?A. To promote economic development.B. To reform the education system.C. To purify the Party and society.D. To strengthen the military.2、Which of the following was not a consequence of the cultural revolution?A. Widespread violence.B. The persecution of intellectuals.C. The destruction of cultural relics.D. The improvement of the economy.3、What was the impact of the cultural revolution on Chinese society?A. It led to economic prosperity.B. It brought about social stability.C. It left a lasting impact on Chinese society and its people.D. It had no significant impact on Chinese society.4、Who was the leader of the cultural revolution?A. Mao Zedong.B. Zhou Enlai.C. Deng Xiaoping.D. Li Xiannian.5、What was one of the tragic consequences of the cultural revolution?A. The improvement of education.B. The enhancement of cultural heritage.C. The promotion of political unity.D. The persecution of intellectuals.Answers:1、C. To purify the Party and society.2、D. The improvement of the economy.3、C. It left a lasting impact on Chinese society and its people.4、A. Mao Zedong.5、D. The persecution of intellectuals.第二题Reading PassageIn recent years, the concept of “soft skills” has gained increasing attention in the job market. While technical skills are crucial for many positions, soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving, are becoming equally important. This passage discusses the importance of soft skill s and provides examples of how they can impact one’s career.1.The first paragraph introduces the growing importance of soft skills. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this paragraph?A. CondescendingB. BoredC. EnthusiasticD. Indifferent2.According to the passage, why are soft skills becoming more significant in the job market?A. They are becoming less relevant in the digital age.B. They are being overlooked by employers.C. They complement technical skills and enhance job performance.D. They are no longer taught in schools.3.The passage mentions a study that shows the impact of soft skills on job performance. What was the main finding of this study?A. Soft skills have no significant impact on job performance.B. Soft skills can lead to a 10-15% increase in job performance.C. Technical skills are more important than soft skills for job success.D. Soft skills are only beneficial in certain industries.4.The passage discusses the importance of communication skills in the workplace. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of how communication skills can be beneficial?A. Clear and concise communication can prevent misunderstandings.B. Effective communication can help build strong relationships with colleagues.C. Communication skills are only important for jobs that involve a lot of speaking.D. Good communication can lead to better collaboration and teamwork.5.The passage concludes by emphasizing the need for continuous improvement in soft skills. What is the author’s final point?A. Soft skills are innate and cannot be improved.B. Technical skills should be prioritized over soft skills.C. Employers should focus on developing soft skills in their employees.D. Soft skills are not important until one is in a leadership position.Answers:1.C2.C3.B4.C5.C七、阅读理解-仔细阅读（选择题，共20分）第一题Reading PassageIn recent years, the rise of online education has sparked a heated debate among educators and the public. While some argue that it offers numerous benefits, such as flexibility and accessibility, others express concerns about its potential drawbacks, including the lack of personal interaction and the potential for cheating.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of online educationB. The drawbacks of online educationC. The impact of online education on traditional educationD. The debate surrounding online education2、The passage states that some educators and the public are concerned about the lack of what in online education?A. FlexibilityB. AccessibilityC. Personal interactionD. Cheating3、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of online education mentioned?A. It requires less personal interactionB. It is less accessible to studentsC. It offers more flexibilityD. It is more likely to lead to cheating4、The author suggests that the debate about online education is:A. Unnecessary, as the benefits outweigh the drawbacksB. Necessary, as it affects the future of educationC. Unimportant, as online education will eventually replace traditional educationD. Irrelevant, as the benefits of online education are well-documented5、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern about online education in the passage?A. The potential for students to get distractedB. The lack of face-to-face communicationC. The possibility of cheatingD. The difficulty of assessing students’ understandingAnswers:1、D2、C3、C4、B5、ASecond QuestionRead the following text carefully and then answer the questions below.In the small town of Willow Creek, there was a local library that had been a cornerstone of the community for over a century. The library, known affectionately as “The Cornerstone,” was more than just a place to borrow books; it was a hub of cultural activities, a source of information, and a gathering spot for residents of all ages.One day, the library faced a significant challenge. The town’s mayor, who was a strong advocate for education and community development, announced that due to budget cuts, the library would have to close its doors. The news spread quickly through the town, causing a wave of concern and sadness among the residents.1、The library in Willow Creek was referred to as “The Cornerstone” because:A. It was built at the center of the town.B. It was the oldest building in the town.C. It played a vital role in the community.D. It had a cornerstone made of a unique stone.2、The main issue facing the library was:A. A lack of books for the community.B. A decrease in the number of visitors.C. Budget cuts that threatened its closure.D. The mayor’s disinterest in its operations.3、The response to the library’s potential closure was:A. The mayor proposed building a new library elsewhere.B. The residents ignored the news and continued their daily routines.C. The community held a peaceful protest in front of the library.D. The local businesses offered to donate books to the library.4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role the library played in the community?A. A hub of cultural activities.B. A source of employment for the town.C. A place for educational programs.D. A gathering spot for residents.。
大学英语四级阅读理解试卷试题40篇.docx
大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之一（含答案）There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possibleshould be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and thenadd new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range might dealwith just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extendfor several time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the beliefin your ability to grow adn as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might coverfive years or more. Life is not a static should never allow a long-term goal tolimit us or our course of action.long-term goals mean a lot______.we complete our short-range goalswe cannot reach solid short-term goalswe write down the dateswe put forward some plansshort-term goals are bulid upon______.years goalsactivities goals that have been completedwe complete each step of our goals ,______.will win final successare overwhelmedshould build up confidence of successshould strong desire for setting new goalsour goals are drawn up,_______.should stick to them until we complete themmay change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitieshad better wait for the exciting news of successhave made great decisionis implied but not stated in the passage that ______.who habe long-term goals will succeeddown the dates may discourage yougoal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationshould have a goal答案： adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之二（含答案）The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almostfully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwardepression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, atypical year of the 1950’s,may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers wasabout40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2.The country ’s business spent about30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater thanit had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; thatis about700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock.Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained thatit was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of themid- 1920’s. As farmer ’s shre of their product s declined,marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were notas confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. . Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word“boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3.It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in theUnited States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4.Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the. was greater in1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％答案： cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之三（含答案）Womenare also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few womenfull professors.In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging University wasrated among the lowest for the a1987 update,Milburn commendedthe progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is importantthat womanbe flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks. Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for herto succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work. Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that areimportant here at the University."Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."to Spirduso,women need to ____.a report on sexual discriminationfor further improvement in their working conditionstheir energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationmore time and energy doing scholarly activitiesthis passage ,we know that _____.are many women full professors in the University of Texasplay an important part in adminitrating the Universityweather on the campus is chillymake up a small percentage of the senior positions in the Universityof the following statements is true?number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than thatthan thatof 1985of 1985number of women professors was the same as that of 1985and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the Universityof the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.were told to con centrate on teir workwere given information about available administrative jobswere encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in theUnversity were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5.The title for this passage should be _______.University of Texas's ReportProfessorsDiscrimination in Academia答案： ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之四（含答案）Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 . adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-relateddisease.The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive,several important issues must be raised.First,in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly10 percent. The statistic is,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally,thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the NaionalCancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecivemeasures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.accidentsdeseaseof theseday there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker."dropout" the author means______.who failed the examinationwho left schoolwho lost their waywho were driven out of schoolreason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.has taken effective measuresis prevented among high school seniorsare many smokers who have died of cancerof theseis implied but not stated by the author is that ________.rates among youth have declined very littleare now more female than male smokers among high school seniorssmoking rates are due to the incease in wealthat high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案： bdbdb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之五（含答案）The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our science has made enormoussteps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfitto eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnessesare related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to causecertain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in thesecultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used topreserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all thetime to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful orharmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often givepenicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not formedical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food andDrug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, thepractices continue.is the best possible title of the passage?and Foodand Healthand Healthand Drugof the following statements is NOT ture?are always given to animals for medical reasonsof the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given tothe living animalshave known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years. may cause forty percent of cancer in world.has science done something harmful to mankind?of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.are nitrates used for?preserve flavor in packaged foods.preserve the color of meats.are the objects of research.cause the animals to become fatter.word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.答案： cacbd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之六（含答案）As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind andbody.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vitalto provide motivation adn give purpose to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.Somepeople are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusualdifficulties.When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically.In fact we make choice between "fight"or"flight"and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the sameresponse. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure tostress,that health becomes serious conditions as high blood pressure and heartdisease have established links with we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.do not know how to enjoy themselvesdo not believe that relaxation is important for healthare travelling fast all the timeare becoming busier with their workto the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.fearing stressthe art of relaxationsense of responsibilitycontrol over performanceof the follwing statements is ture?can find some ways to avoid stressis always harmful to peopleis easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.people can withstand different amounts of stressParagraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案： dadbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之七（含答案）In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. Theywanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the . epual. Someof them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies .They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they couldfollow their philosophy of"do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher andarchitect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo SanFrancisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived inold school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin'sfollowers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave whensome members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . TwinOaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas ofpsychologist The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's"conditioning"techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian cityArizsona where2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology"Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?were not satisfied with American society.wanted to grow marijuana.wanted to go to the Vietnam War.did not want all people to be equal.did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?dome-shaped houseold school husesa farm inTennesseean archology in Arizonagave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?SoleriGaskinFullerwas the Twin Oaks commune base on ?philosophy of "do your own thing"in the late 1960sideas of psychologistbelief that people must live closely togerher.is an "archology"?person who studies archaeologylarge building where people live closely togethercity in A rizonatechnique to contorl people答案： abdcb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之八（含答案）There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first isthe sort of brain he is born with.Humanbrains differ considerably,some being more capable than others.But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individualwill have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So thesecond factor is what happens to the individual— the sort of environment in whichhe is reared.If an individual is handicapped envionmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence ofwhich he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can bedemonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Beingidentical,the twins had identical brains at birth,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they wereplaced in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligencein an isolatedcommunity with poor educational was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools,and given every opportunity to be stimulated enviromental difference continueduntil the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measuretheir intelligence. Mark's . was 125, twenty-five points higher than the averageand fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.selection can best be titled_________.Your Intelligenceand EnvironmentCase of Peter and Markthe brain Influences Intelligencebeststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.brains differ considerablybrain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligenceis crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligenceto the passage , the average _____.case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.with identical brains seldom test at same levelindividual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentof opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceof enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brainpassage suggests that an individual 's be predicted at birththe same throuthout his lifebe increased by educationdetermined by his childhood答案： bcbcc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之九（含答案）As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficultit was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her wish that he was as easy to pleaseas her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin theirhaste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest,Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempther. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choiceof ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd ofman had gathered round a counter.She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable.Edith did not hesitate for long: although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bundto please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag,her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking."She informed her daughter. 's father _______.not like presentgot presenttiesdifficult to choose a present forassistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.in tiesneed of comfortstopped at the next counter_________.'s father smoked a pipe_______.he was obligedsocial occasionstime to timehe was delightedwas very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.trod on each other's toespoked each other with their elbowsknocked each otherwere doing their shopping in a great hurry答案： dbdcd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之十（含答案）If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there willeventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the the middle of the21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supportinglife at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently beensuggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost aslarge as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earthand there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets.Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but beforman can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain willeventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus. long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth willprobably be the lack of ______.Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____might be possible to change its atmosphereatmosphere is the same as the earth'sis a good supply of water on Venusdays on Venus are long enoughVenus there is a lot of ________.dioxidemonoxideare plants that can____.in very hot temperaturesin very cold temperaturesoxygenof the above5.Man can land on Venus only when_______.algae have done their workatmosphere becomescooler oxygenrains there答案： cabdd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之十一（含答案）What is your favourite colour?Do you like yellow,orange,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life,people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues?Then you are probably quiet,shy,and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologiststell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference,as well as the effect that colours have on human beings.They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we growup----we are born with our you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as youopened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makesmost people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a reddress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,blackis depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be thescene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have falleneven more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is anestablished fact that factory workers work better,harder,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.don't like to follow otherswould be a member rather than a leaderwould be afraid of following otherswould like to be a leader rather than a followerone enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.to yellowto orangeto greyto yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours aswe grow up." "Among other facts" means______.other factsregard to other factsconsidering other factsto other factsof the following is facts?'s preference of one colour to another is instinct's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were bornhave little influence on our moodswho committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london toothers because of _______.shapestructurecolourbuilding materials答案： bcaac大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之十二（含答案）Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolitemany years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smokingwhen a lady was in a room.Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands whenyou are eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table?The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.For example,in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time.Also,most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman ,and so will most Americans.Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation isfor 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up toexplain his delay.The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. Whenthe food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . Theother guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knife andbegan eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.one has accepted a dinner invitation,what should he do if he is tobe late for the dinner?should find an excuseshould adk for excuse.should say sorryshould telephone to explain his being late.2."It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable." "Bad manners " means ________.of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage?Customs and CustomsLifeand British CustomsIs Importantto the text, the best host_______.his best to make his guests feel comfortablehis guests feel excitedto avoid being naughty to his gueststo avoid being foolishauthor of this article may agree with which of the following?guest who ate his peas with a knifeother guests who were amused or shockedhost who picked up his knife and began eating in the same wayof the above答案： dcaac大学英语四级阅读理解试题40 篇之十三（含答案）New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.。
专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷120(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷120(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)Job stress and worrying about job security can both take a toll on a woman’s body, although the two issues affect female health differently, according to research presented last month at the American Heart Association’s Annual Meeting in Chicago. But whether chronic work-related stress is eating at your nerves or ballooning your waistline, there are natural solutions with no toxic side effects that you can use to relax the pressure. (2)In a recent study looking at work stress and women, researchers from Harvard and Brigham and Women’s Hospital studied more than 17,000 otherwise healthy women, generally in their 50s, enrolled in the Women’s Health Study for 10 years. Women who reported work-related strain, such as having little or no authority over decisions or being unable to contribute creativity and skills to the job, were up to 88 percent more likely to experience a heart attack than women who reported no work strain. Overall, working women reporting high job strain faced a 40 percent higher rate of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease, too. (3)Worrying about losing a job did not appear to increase heart attack risk, but it was linked to obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol(胆固醇), all of which can eventually lead to cardiovascular disease. (4)Whether it’s a nightmarish cubicle neighbor, an unrelenting workload, or an ornery boss that has your stress meter ready to pop at any second, you can get a grip: It’s all about mind over matter. An August study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that students taking part in Integrative Body-Mind Training(IBMT)enjoyed changes in white brain matter(within 11 hours of practice)that seemed connected to better regulation of emotions and behavior. (5)Although not very common in the U.S. yet, IBMT involves the practice of maintaining a state of restful alertness to tap into body-mind awareness while a trained coach guides your breathing and mental imagery. It’s somewhat similar to more widely available mindfulness based stress reduction(MBSR), which involves focusing on your present-moment draughts and feelings in a non-judgmental way. MBSR has been shown to help people make clearer decisions in times of crisis, which could help when all health breaks loose at the office.(6)Previous research out of the University of Oregon has found that you could adopt stress-zapping properties of Integrative Body-Mind Training(IBMT)before the workweek’s out. After practicing it for 20 minutes a day for five days in a row, participants reported reduced stress and increased energy. Prevention suggests this intro IBMT exercise: Sit quietly in a comfortable position. Close your eyes and think of your mind as a full cup; as thoughts come and go, keep returning to an image of the cup becoming empty. Repeat for five minutes. (7)Regardless of your meditationstyle, know this: Compared to non-meditators, women who practice meditation enjoy up to a 66 percent drop in stress hormone levels, which can dramatically improve heart health. (8)If you’re in need of an emergency quick freak-out fix, reach for a piece of gum.(Avoid artificial sweetened gum, though—some are linked to health issues.)One study found that chewing gum boosts blood flow to the brain by up to 40 percent, helping you stay calm and in the present. This prevents you from pondering over some aggravating office event. (9)You don’t need to be a monk to enjoy the benefits of meditation. In fact, more and more Western integrative medicine practitioners are using it as a nontoxic health improver.1．According to the passage, which of the following can probably lead to women’s work-related strain?A．They are not creative enough in their work.B．They could not afford to lose their job.C．They have no say in decision-making.D．They are underpaid compared with men.正确答案：C解析：根据work—related strain定位到第2段。
(完整word版)英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案
英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案Our quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done,but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try toget things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the twoends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when twoChinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountainboth come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn ’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and ifwe have two instead of one, why, we have a double track toboot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measuredby the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. (This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousandworkers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is,of course, somewhat terrifying.)Nevertheless, such efficiency iswhat makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who hasto be punctually at a certain place at five o ’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o ’clock for this, five o ’ clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, andseven o ’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes lifenot worth living.1.The writer objects to efficiency mainly on thegrounds that it ____.A) entitles us to too much leisure time B)urges us to get things done punctually C)deprives us of leisure timeD) imposes on us a perfect concept of time2.In the eyes of the author, the introduction ofindustrial life gives rise to ____.A) the excitement of lifeB) magnificent idling of timeC) more emphasis on efficiencyD) terrifying schoolboy3.The passage tells us ____.A)Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB)all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC)Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD)Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency4.The author believes that relaxing the rule ofpunctuality in factories would lead to ____.A) great confusionB) increased production C)a hard and exciting lifeD) successful completion of a tunnel5.What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that____.A) every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB) every American is reluctant to be efficientC)every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD) being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formed答案：1.C)deprives us of leisure time 对应原文第一句 but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves.选项 A 是与作者想法完整相反的; 选项 B 虽有章可循 , 但要注意原文是it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly, 而非it 直接 urges us to get things done punctually;选项 D 要看清 , 原文是 a different conception of time而非 a perfect concept of time.The2.C)more emphasis on efficiency 对应原文第二段第一句pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent i dling.经过第一段能够看出,与efficiency对峙的是this kind of glorious and magnificent idling, 而 industrial life 又forbids, 自然说明 industrial life gives rise to more emphasis on efficiency.3.D)Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency. 排除法 : A)Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient 不切合原文()中的内容 ; B)all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will 语气太重, 不是被逼迫讲究效率 , 也不是违反自己意向 , 不过为了适应工业社会; C)Chinese engineers are on better terms with the management不属于本文议论范围。
英语四级阅读模拟试题及解析
英语四级阅读模拟试题及解析【英语四级阅读模拟试题及解析】1. Passage OneIn this passage, we will analyze a simulated CET-4 reading test and provide detailed explanations for the correct answers.Question 1: According to the passage, what is the purpose of the simulated CET-4 reading test?Explanation: The purpose of the simulated CET-4 reading test is to provide practice and preparation for the actual CET-4 exam. This test helps students familiarize themselves with the test format and evaluate their reading comprehension skills.Question 2: What is emphasized in the passage as important for success in the CET-4 reading test?Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of practicing regularly and developing effective reading strategies. It suggests that students should read a variety of texts, maintain a high level of concentration, and make use of skimming and scanning techniques to improve their reading speed and accuracy....2. Passage TwoIn the second passage, we will continue analyzing the simulated CET-4 reading test and provide further explanations for the correct answers.Question 6: According to Paragraph 3, how can students improve their vocabulary for the CET-4 reading test?Explanation: Paragraph 3 suggests that students can improve their vocabulary by actively engaging with English texts, such as looking up unfamiliar words in a dictionary, creating flashcards to review new words, and practicing using the words in context through writing or speaking exercises.Question 7: What should students do when they encounter a difficult question during the CET-4 reading test?Explanation: The passage advises students not to panic when encountering a difficult question. It suggests strategies such as reading the question carefully, re-reading the relevant part of the passage, and using logic and common sense to eliminate incorrect answer choices. It is important for students to manage their time effectively and not get stuck on a single question for too long....3. Passage ThreeIn the final passage, we will conclude the analysis of the simulated CET-4 reading test and summarize key points for success.Question 11: According to the passage, why is it important to practice with simulated reading tests?Explanation: The passage states that practicing with simulated reading tests allows students to become familiar with the test format, understand thetypes of questions they may encounter, and develop effective strategies. It helps reduce anxiety and build confidence, leading to better performance in the actual exam.Conclusion:In this analysis, we have reviewed a simulated CET-4 reading test and provided detailed explanations for the correct answers. We have highlighted the importance of regular practice, effective reading strategies, vocabulary improvement, and managing time during the test. By following these tips, students can enhance their reading comprehension skills and achieve success in the CET-4 exam.End of Article请注意，以上仅为文章中的一个小节示例。
(完整版)英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoidit. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely theyare to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, totalenergy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. butthat’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economicgrowth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.”Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem whenit’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich and poor C) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you neverintended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. Thedigital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simpleGoogle search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a worldwhere you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned aboutlosing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans changeany behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount attollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personalinformation like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other. C) There should be a distance even between friends.D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret”(Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others’affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic devices. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itB) its importance is rarely understoodC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don’t cherish it until they lose it2.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are readingthis ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming youmake it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as oftenas they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but itwould have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on thegolf course and they think”Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,”some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ”says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men couldbe addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaperin the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as oftenas womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completesthe sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fearof the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regularcheck-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last tohear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to astudy jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,”said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.”the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customerwill complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect”can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered themost problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.”said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaintsto the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they haveno idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the lastto hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “…the shopper must also find a replacement”(Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find thesame products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causesthe shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlightingpolice as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified howfar green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofitEarth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges toinclude organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials canstill be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are findingthere aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, stillhave few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gavespecial recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewerthan a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce amajor initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buytransitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand thesupply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago.Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied:“Not that I’m aware of.”Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.”By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be madedurable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainablematerials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organicmaterials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readilyavailable .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake greenfashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of itspractical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very muchopposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a personhas lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinkingwater show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofboth elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavierwater to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand ofhair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regionsroughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learnmore about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt andseveral strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before herdeath, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be morespecific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,”Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might beable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-Americanwoman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get upclose and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhapsmost complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have donein-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogshave written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support herman and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will goa long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-Americanwomen.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity andsocial welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obamawill do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university presidentin America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in onlyone direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the Universityof Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,”says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependenton government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support hasmade funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed AlisonRichard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the universitypublicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking headswith international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C) American universities are enrolling more international students.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?。
大学英语四级考试阅读分类模拟试卷(带答案)
大学英语四级考试阅读分类模拟试卷Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the 1 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with 2 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 3 . These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 4 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 5 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers 6 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping center was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 7 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 8 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 9 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores, By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 10 of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.A．designed B．take C．heart D．ne ededE．though F．convenience G．services H．fame I．various J．popularity K．cosmetics L．started M．downtown N．available O．cheapnessIn science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists envision the way an observed event could be 11 . A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory (分子运动论), in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small 12 that are in constant motion. A 13 theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been 14 , scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations do not 15 the predictions, the scientists must search 16 . There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are notscience. As the mathematician Jules Henry Poincare said: "Science is 17 with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house." Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been 18 , the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires 19 imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the 20 facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.A．nearly B．useful C．considerable D ．considerateE．published F．publicized G．gathered H ．producedI．built J．made K．known L．confirmM．particles N．parts O．furtherSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Preparing For Computer DisastersA．Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate (怜悯，同情) over their bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data. Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra (祷文) of denial: "It won't happen to me." Well, the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disaster plans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn't be.B．Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a majorcalamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage: Major DisastersC．House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood or burn. That's because they keep their backups relatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike. So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D．There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with a choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jazz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E．Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer CrisisF．Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash, kids "rearrange" data, adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications. So, once again, it's important to be prepared. As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential. However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced (有细微差别的) than wholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile (敏捷的). For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery. Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for DisasterG．When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind. Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions. Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions. With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state. Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution. Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades. A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office. You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.H．Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise. However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road. So, don't wait another day. Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again. Then, rest easy.21、You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.22、The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.23、For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.24、The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.25、You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.26、You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.27、Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.28、It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.29、The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.30、You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.Paper—More Than Meets The EyeA．We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.B．Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose (纤维)-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses, of whichpapyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodC．In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies (碱) such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.D．A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose, something called lignin (木质素). This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibers together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists (档案员) with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.E．Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.F．It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid (酸) is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and in some cases simply vanish!G．So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.H．Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way. Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining oldshoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagI．Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives. A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockist. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.J．The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.31、During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibers.32、The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.33、There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.34、Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.35、Lignin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.36、Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.37、In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.38、Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.39、What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.40、The lignin is commonly not removed from the paper, as the ligin-free paper will be more expensive.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneThe fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator."In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were nevertroubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburger, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.41、The statement "In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily." (Para. 2) suggests that ______.A．the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB．the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fiftiesC．the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950sD．there was no fridge in the author's home in the 1950s42、Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A．People would not buy more food than was necessary.B．Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C．People had effective ways to preserve their food.D．Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.43、Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A．Inventors. B．Manufacturers.C．Consumers. D．Traveling salesmen.44、Which of the following phrases in the fourth paragraph indicates the fridge's negative effect on the environment?A．With mild temperatures. B．Climatically almost unnecessary.C．Artificially-cooled space. D．Hum away continuously.45、What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?A．Critical. B．Objective.C．Neutral. D．Compromising.I'm usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded thattoday's children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.Why are America's kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have to ruin your life.46、The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people's state of mind are ______.A．surprising B．confusingC．illogical D．questionable47、What does the author mean when he says, "we can't turn the clock back" (Para. 3)?A．It's impossible to slow down the pace of change.B．The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C．Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D．It's impossible to forget the past.48、According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago ______.A．were less isolated physically B．were probably less serf-centeredC．probably suffered less from anxiety D．were considered less individualistic49、The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ______.A．to provide them with a safer environmentB．to lower their expectations for themC．to get them more involved sociallyD．to set a good model for them to follow50、What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A．Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B．Children's anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.C．Children's anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D．Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.Passage TwoFood can be divided into two basic categories: real food and pleasure food. Real food is fuel for the body's needs, while pleasure food, which is high in fat and sugar, is primarily for taste satisfaction. The categories are pretty obvious. Broccoli (西兰花) is real food. Cookies are in the pleasure group.When you are hungry, you are faced with choices. If you aren't suffering from excessive hunger, you can be rational about them. Go to the refrigerator. What looks good? If you have chosen a real food, say, a turkey sandwich, you can be certain your body can use it for fuel. Eat it and enjoy.Two hours later you are hungry again. Back to the refrigerator. What looks good? Ice cream. Stop! Employ your will power just a little. Ice cream is not what your body needs. Does something else look good? Yes, a piece of toast with peanut butter and a glass of milk sound good too. Okay, go ahead, remembering that high-fat real foods should be eaten in moderation.One trick is to eliminate pleasure foods from your kitchen. Instead, keep a variety of high-quality foods available at all times. In short, buy lots of delicious real food, food you really like, and get rid of the junk.But what if you have ice cream on hand and nothing sounds good? Although you don't want to eat pleasure food whenever the urge strikes, there is a legitimate place for them in your diet. If you have analyzed your feelings and there are no other needs imitating hunger, eat the ice cream. You have not failed. On the contrary, you have accepted your natural appetite, but not blindly.Surprisingly, when you know you can eat anything you want, and that you never have to put up with unsatisfied hunger again, it takes a lot of pressure off. You will begin to want to eat what your body needs, and your body will begin to need foods that will lead to slimness.51、Which of the following statements is NOT true?A．The author is against getting rid of pleasure food altogether.B．One can eat the high-fat real foods heartily since it is fuel for the body.C．Make sure to keep pleasure food such as ice cream in your diet.D．Of course you can sometimes have ice cream if you really want to.52、What would be the best title for this passage?A．Real Food And Pleasure Food.B．Reducing Weight.C．Limit Your Consumption Of Pleasure Food.D．How To Choose Food When You Are Hungry.53、What can you assume from the last paragraph?A．Being able to eat anything doesn't necessarily imply pleasure.B．Real foods may lead to slimness.C．Eat only what your body needs.D．Be sure to satisfy your hunger whenever it strikes you.54、What can real food be except ______.A．ice cream B．cauliflowerC．a turkey sandwich D．a piece of toast55、Judging from the fourth paragraph, what does "junk" mean?A．Food like ice cream. B．Food you do not like.C．Pleasure foods. D．Low-quality foods.Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. "The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information," says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. "Most of us don't need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness." Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. "The point is, you need to do both," Cohen says. "Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size."56、People who are cognitively healthy are those ______.A．whose minds are alert and receptiveB．who are highly intelligentC．who can remember large amounts of informationD．who are good at recognizing different sounds57、According to Fozard's argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by ______.A．constantly doing memory workB．making frequent adjustmentsC．going through specific trainingD．taking part in various mental activities58、The findings of James Fozard and other scientists in their work ______.A．remain a theory to be further proved。
大学英语四级阅读模拟题及答案(3篇)
大学英语四级阅读模拟题及答案阅读1空调的危害Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot,humid or polluted outside air,they pose many potential health hazards.Much research has looked at how the movement of air inside a closed environment---such as an office building---can spread disease or expose people in the building to harmful chemicals.One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease,which was first recognized inthe1970s.This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warmair pumped out of the system’cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake(通风口),in mostcases due to poor design.The warm air,filled with bacteria,was combined with cooled,conditioned air andwas then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust pipes.Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers(湿度调节器).Inolder systems,the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs,the bottoms of which providebreeding grounds for bacteria which can find their way into the ventilation (通风)system.The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems(免疫系统)of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed the ability to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. But chemicals called“biocides”are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free,and they are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities,as they often contain compounds strongly linked to cancers.Finally,it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created byair-conditioners canalso affect us.In a natural environment,whether indoor or outdoor,there are small variations in temperature and humidity.Indeed,the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes.In an air-conditioned living or working environment,however,body temperatures remain well under37℃,our normal temperature.This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater exposure to diseases such as colds and flu.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.What do we know about Legionnaire's disease from the passage?A.It was the most widely concerned office hazard.B.It can affect people both inside and outside the building.C.It happens only in air-conditioned office buildings.D.It does not develop in well-designed buildings.2.In the old air-conditioned systems,bacteria first develop______.A.in the reservoirsB.in the ventilation systemc.in the humidifiersD.in the air intake3.The fact that about half of workers developed the ability to fight off the bacteria may__.A.relieve people’s worry about the danger caused by the bacteriaB.help people find an effective way to get rid of the bacteriaC.reflect the serious danger brought by the bacteriaD.cause serious disease such as cancers to people4.The author most probably wants the readers to treat biocides with an attitude of_.A.cautionB.trustC.enthusiasmD.criticism5.The last paragraph implies that our immune system can be weakened when_•A.we live in an artificial climatic environmentB.there are variations in temperature and humidityC.our body temperatures often remain not high enoughD.we are often exposed to diseases such as colds and flu答案解析：1.[B]事实细节题。
(完整版)英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析.docx
.英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(1)【阅读练习】What is it about Americans and food? We love toeat ,but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junkfood.We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖 ). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans cametothis continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物)wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking butactually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do meanseating what“real Amer icans ” eat, but our nation ’s food has come to be5 by imports—pizza,say, or hot dogs. And some of the country ’s most treasured cooking comes from peo ple whoarrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation ’sdefining strug gles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters.It is integral to ourconcepts of health and even morality whether onere frains from alcohol forreligious reasons or evadesmeat for political 6But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americansare ambivalent about what they putin their mouths.We have become 8 of our foods, especially as welea rn more about what theycontain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American c onsciousness. It ’s no coincidence, then,that the f irst Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage( 束缚 ). It ’s whatwe eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define Americaas acommunity today.A. answer I. creativeB. result J. beliefC. share K. suspiciousD. guilty L. certaintyE. constant M. obsessedF. defined N. identifyG. vanish O. idealsH. adapted【答案及解】1.D feel 是一个系，可以判断此填入一个形容，通上下文意思，以及后面介about, 可以确定D guilty,短feel guilty about sth.“ ⋯⋯感到有愧”。
(word完整版)英语四级阅读试题库含答案解析,推荐文档
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.”Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments. C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich and poorC) wasteful use of energy D) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it.A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other.C) There should be a distance even between friends.D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret”(Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others’affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic devices. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itB) its importance is rarely understoodC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don’t cherish it until they lose it2.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think”Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,”some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ”says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier onaverage than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,”said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.”the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect”can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues thanthose who aren’t so friendly.”said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “…the shopper must also find a replacement”(Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences,customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helpingto expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.”Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.”By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organicis that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake greenfashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practicalvalue.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to theidea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructeda mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,”Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated dutymay be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and socialwelfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,”says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, anotherformer Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C) American universities are enrolling more international students.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.B) Their operation is under strict government supervision.C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.D) Most of their revenues come from the government.65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor。
英语四级阅读理解模拟试题附答案
英语四级阅读理解模拟试题附答案英语四级阅读理解模拟试题：【原文】There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual— the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(不利) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(抚养) homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Marks I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higherthan the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.英语四级阅读理解模拟试题：【题目】21. This selection can best be titled____________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence22. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence23. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.A. 85 .B. 100C. 110D. 12524. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individuals intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain25. This passage suggests that an individuals I. Q. _______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhoo 英语四级阅读理解模拟试题：【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. C猜你感兴趣：1.大学英语四级阅读理解模拟题附答案2.大学英语四级阅读理解模拟题带答案3.大学英语四级阅读理解模拟题及答案4.2017年6月英语四级阅读理解模拟题附答案5.2017年12月英语四级阅读理解模拟题附答案。
(完整版)大学英语专业四级阅读理解模拟试题(含答案)(01)
PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AWe can begin our discussion of "population as global issue" with what most persons mean when they discuss "the population problem": too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to "a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes."To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world's population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy?A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lowermortality.2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because___.A.only one in ten persons could live past 40.B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.3.Which statement is true about population increase?A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.4.The author of the passage intends to___.A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.pare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.5.The word "demographic" in the first paragraph means___.A.statistics of human.B.surroundings study.C.accumulation of human.D.development of human.TEXT BChinese Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general and higher occupational status. The Chinese have risen to this position despite some of the harshest discrimination and violence faced by any immigrants to the United States in the history of this country. Long confined to a narrow range of occupations they succeeded in those occupations and then spread out into other areas in later years, when opportunities finally opened up for them. Today much of the Chinese prosperity is due to the simple fact that they work more and have more (usually better) education than others. Almost one out of five Chinese families has three or more income earners compared to one out of thirteen for Puerto Ricans, one out of ten among American Indians, and one out of eight among Whites. When the Chinese advantages in working and educational are held constant, they have no advantage over other Americans. That is in a Chinese Family with a given number of people working and with a given amount of education by the head of the family, the income is not only about average for such families, and offer a little less than average.While Chinese Americans as a group are prosperous and well-educated Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, and illiteracy is much higher among the Chinese than among Americans in general. Those paradoxes are due to sharp internal differences. Descendants of the Chinese Americans who emigrated long ago from Toishan Province have maintained Chinese values and have added acculturation to American society with remarkable success. More recent Hong Kong Chinese are from more diverse cultural origins, and acquired western values and styles in Hong Kong, without having acquired the skills to proper and support those aspirations in the American economy. Foreign-born Chinese men in the United States are one-fourth lower incomes than native-born Chinese even though the foreign-born have been in the United States an average of seventeen years. While the older Hong Kong Chinese work tenaciously to sustain and advance themselves, the Hong Kong Chinese youths often react with resentment and antisocial behavior, including terrorism and murder. The need to maintain tourism in Chinatown causes the Chinese leaders to mute or downplay these problems as much as possible.6.According to the passage, today, Chinese Americans owe their prosperity to___.A.their diligence and better education than others.B.their support of American government.C.their fight against discriminations.D.advantages in working only.7.The passage is mainly concerned with___.A.chinese Americans today.B.social status of Chinese Americans today.C.incomes and occupational status of Chinese Americans today.D.problems of Chinese Americans today.8.Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, as is probably associated with___.A.most descendants of Chinese Americans are rebelling.B.most descendants of Chinese Americans are illiterate.C.sharp internal difference between Chinese coming from different cultural backgrounds.D.only a few Chinese Americans are rich.9.Which of the following statements is not true according to this articleA.As part of the minority, Chinese Americans are still experiencing discrimination in American today.B.Nowadays, Chinese Americans are working in wider fields.C.Foreign-born Chinese earn lower income than native-born Chinese Americans with the similar advantagesin the U.S.D.None of the above.10.According to the author, which of the following can best describe the older Hong Kong Chinese and theyoungerA.Tenacious; rebellion.B.Conservative; open-minded.C.Out-of-date; fashionable.D.Obedient; disobedient.TEXT CA controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K.Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.11.efore DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects____.A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigationsB.would have to submit evidence for their innocenceC.could easily escape conviction of guiltD.cold be convicted of guilt as well12.DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____.A.the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurateB.two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting patternC.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individualsD.two different individuals leave two DNA samples.13.To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method ____.A.is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from twoindividualsB.is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern.C.Is not based on adequate scientific theory of geneticsD.Is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying14.The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that ____.A.enough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNAsamples coming from two individual membersB.enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples form the same personcan matchC.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two differentDNA samples coming form the same personD.additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples areunlikely to come from the same person15.National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that ____.A.DNA testing should be systematizedB.Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testingC.The academy only is authorized to work out standards for testingD.The academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testingTEXT DMost of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except " I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling." Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I'll buy." The owner says, " It's been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: " I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?" The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior.A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says "No!" to a serials of charges like "You're dumb," "You're lazy," and "You're dishonest," may also say "No!" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is "And you're good looking."We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, "If sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.16.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if ___.A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.C.they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words.D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.17."I'm letting off some steam" in paragraph 1 means___.A.I'm just calling your attention.B.I'm just kidding.C.I'm just saying the opposite.D.I'm just giving off some sound.18.The house-owner's example shows that he actually means___.A.the step has been like that for years.B.he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step.C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.19.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if___.A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.B.seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior.C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.D.expressed to a series of charges.20.The word "ritualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done___.A.without true intention.B.light-heartedly.C.in a way of ceremony.D.with less emphasis.答案： 1-5 ABADA 6-10 ACCCA 11-15 CBABB 16-20 DBABC。
大学英语四级考试阅读分类模拟试题一套(带答案)
大学英语四级考试阅读分类模拟试题一套Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The anthropologist (人类学家) Clifford Geertz defines culture as a "historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols... by 1 of which men can communicate, perpetuate and develop their own knowledge about and attitudes towards life."Why is it important that you 2 about other cultures? There are a number of reasons. Some may do it 3 because they find fascinating the different ways that people think, speak, act, evaluate, and communicate. But let me assume that you are a more pragmatic sort of person, and are 4 in the "cash value" of a course like this—apart, that is, from the grade you will receive at the end of it. What is a class like this good for? Let me make a couple of suggestions on how what you learn in this class may prove 5 to you in the future:Business: Geertz Hofstede's excellent book on culture is 6 not primarily out of academic theory, but out of his study of the practical problems faced by one particular modern corporation (IBM), which exists across national and cultural 7 . In the world we live in, understanding 8 in general and also specific individual cultures in particular can make the difference between success and failure in the global market and economy.Politics and Diplomacy: If your career goal involves anything that relates to international politics and diplomacy, then understanding other cultures is 9 .Neighbors: If none of these previous factors 10 you, then you can just look at this class as a lesson in good neighborliness in the global village.A．learn B．written C．meansD．simplyE．exactly F．interested G．cultureH．usefulI．boundaries J．ways K．motivates L．importantM．disturbs N．read O．uselessThis is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn't think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, 11 struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often 12 to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attituderemains 13 hostile. Even in the most 14 societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you'd think that women belonged to a different 15 !On the surface, the comments made by men about women's abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are 16 day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness does not 17 the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let's consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women 18 far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble (微不足道). Women have succeeded in any job you 19 to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently 20 brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.A．species B．cause C．human D ．careE．succeed F．repeated G．get H ．concealI．bitter J．cold K．better L．pro gressiveM．superior N．similarly O．basicallySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Lost For WordsA．In the Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying. Most of its speakers are middle-aged or elderly. Although many students take classes in Navajo, the schools are run in English. Street signs, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years' time.B．Navajo is far from alone. Half the world's 6,800 languages are likely to vanish within two generations—that's one language lost every ten days. Never before has the planet's linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. "At the moment, we are heading for about three or four languages dominating the world", says Mark Pagel, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Reading. "It's a mass extinction, and whether we will ever rebound (回弹) from the lost is difficult to know."C．Isolation breeds linguistic diversity: as a result, the world is peppered with languages spoken by only a few people. Only 250 languages have more than a million speaker, and at least 3,000 have fewer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despitehaving 150,000 speakers. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. If it is spoken by children it is relatively safe. The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly, according to Michael Krauss, director of the Alassk Native Language Center, in Fairbanks.D．Why do people reject the language of their parents? It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, says Nicholas Ostler, of Britain's Foundation for Endangered Languages, in Bath. "People lose faith in their culture," he says, "When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions."E．The change is not always voluntary. Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in school, all to promote national unity. The former US policy of running Indian reservation in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. But Salikoko Mufwene, who chairs the Linguistics Department at the University of Chicago, argues that the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization. "Native Americans have not lost pride in their language, but they have had to adapt to socio-economic pressures," he says, "They can not refuse to speak English if most commercial activity is in English." But are languages worth saving? At the very least, there is a loss of data for the study of languages and their evolution, which relies on comparisons between languages, both living and dead. When an unwritten and unrecorded language disappears, it is lost to science.F．Language is also intimately bond up with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other. "If a person shifts from Navajo to English, he loses something," Mufwene says. "Moreover, the loss of diversity may also deprive us of different ways of looking at the world," says Pagel. There is mounting evidence that learning a language produces physiological changes in brain. "Your brain and mine are different from the brain of someone who speaks French, for instance," Pagel says, and this could affect our thoughts and perceptions. "The patterns and connections we make among various concepts may be structured by the linguistic habits of our community."G．So despite linguists' best efforts, many languages will disappear over the next century. But a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direst predictions from coming true. "The key to fostering diversity is for people to learn their ancestral tongue, as well as the dominant language, says Doug Whalen, founder and president of the Endangered Language Fund in New Haven, Connecticut. "Most of these languages will not survive without a large degree of bilingualism," he says. In New Zealand, classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language. A similar approach in Hawaii has produced about 8,000 new speakers of Polynesian languages in the past few years. In California, "apprentice" programs have provided life support to several indigenous languages. Volunteer "apprentices" pair up with one of the last living speakers of a Native American tongue to learn a traditional skill such as basket weaving, with instruction exclusively in the endangered language. After about 300 hours of training they are generallysufficiently fluent to transmit the language to the next generation. But Mufwene says that preventing a language dying out is not the same as giving it new life by using it every day. "Preserving a language is more like preserving fruits in a jar," he says.H．However, preservation can bring a language back from the dead. There are examples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revived by later generations. But a written form is essential for this, so the mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before.21、The great variety of languages came about mainly as a result of geographical isolation.22、Governments try to kill off a minority language because they want to promote national unity.23、Some speakers of endangered languages have produced writing systems in order to help secure the survival of their mother tongue.24、At present the linguistic diversity in the world is shrinking at a high speed.25、Endangered languages cannot be saved unless people learn to speak more than one language.26、A written form is essential for the dying language.27、Native Americans have to speak English when most commercial activity is conducted in English.28、People reject the language of their parents because of a crisis of confidence.29、The Navajo language will die out because most of its speakers are middle-aged or elderly.30、The way we think may be determined by our language.Play Is A Serious BusinessA．Playing is a serious business. Children engrossed (吸引) in a make-believe world, fox cubs play-fighting or kittens teasing a ball of string aren't just having fun. Play may look like a carefree and exuberant way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there's much more to it than that. For a start, play can even cost animals their lives. Eighty per cent of deaths among juvenile fur seals occur because playing pups fail to spot predators (掠夺者，食肉动物) approaching. It is also extremely expensive in terms of energy. Playful young animals use around two or three per cent of energy cavorting (洗脑), and in children that figure can be closer to fifteen per cent. "Even two or three per cent is huge," says John Byers of Idaho University. "You just don't find animals wasting energy like that," he adds. There must be a reason.B．But if play is not simply a developmental hiccup (打嗝), as biologists once thought, why did it evolve? The latest idea suggests that play has evolved to build big brains. In other words, playing makes you intelligent. Playfulness, it seems, is common only among mammals, although a few of the larger-brained birds also indulge. Animals at play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs, for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behavior is not really in earnest.A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles develop the skills theywill need to hunt, mate and socialize as adults. Another has been that it allows young animals to get in shape for adult life by improving their respiratory endurance. Both these ideas have been questioned in recent years.C．Take the exercise theory. If play evolved to build muscle or as a kind of endurance training, then you would expect to see permanent benefits. But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops, so many improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood. "If the function of play was to get into shape," says Byers, "the optimum time for playing would depend on when it was most advantageous for the young of a particular species to do so. But it doesn't work like that." Across species, play tends to peak about halfway through the suckling stage and then decline.D．Then there's the skills-training hypothesis. At first glance, playing animals do appear to be practicing the complex maneuvers they will need in adulthood. But a closer inspection reveals this interpretation as too simplistic. In one study, behavioral ecologist Tim Caro, from the University of California, looked at the predatory play of kittens and their predatory behavior when they reached adulthood. He found that the way the cats played had no significant effect on their hunting prowess in later life.E．Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammals, he and his team found large brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. The converse was also found to be true. Robert Barton of Durham University believes that, because large brains are more sensitive to developmental stimuli than smaller brains, they require more play to help mould them for adulthood. "I concluded it's to do with learning, and with the importance of environmental data to the brain during development," he says.F．According to Byers, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what's going on. If you plot the amount of time juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a "sensitive period"—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. Think of the relative ease with which young children—but not infants or adults—absorb language. Other researchers have found that play in cats, rats and mice is at its most intense just as this "window of opportunity" reaches its peak.G．"People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by plays," says Marc Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote (山狗) pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was markedly more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. Such behavior activates many different parts of the brain, he reasons. Bekoff likens it to a behavioral kaleidoscope (万花筒), with animals at play jumping rapidly between activities. "They use behavior from a lot of different contexts—predation, aggression, reproduction," he says. "Their developing brain is getting all sorts of stimulation."H．Not only is more of the brain involved in play than was suspected, but italso seems to activate higher cognitive processes. "There's enormous cognitive involvement in play," says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates, ideas of reciprocity (互惠) and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. The idea is backed up by the work of Stephen Siviy of Gettysburg College. Siviy studied how bouts of play affected the brain's levels of a particular chemical associated with the stimulation and growth of nerve cells. He was surprised by the extent of the activation. "Play just lights everything up," he says. By allowing link-ups between brain areas that might not normally communicate with each other, play may enhance creativity.I．What might further experimentation suggest about the way children are raised in many societies today? We already know that rat pups that denied the chance to play grow smaller brain components and fail to develop the ability to apply social rules when they interact with their peers. With schooling beginning earlier and becoming increasingly exam-orientated, play is likely to get even less of a look-in. Who knows what the result of that will be?31、Tim Caro found that the way the cats played had no significant influence upon their hunting prowess in later life.32、People have not paid enough attention to the intelligence activated by play.33、Children use about fifteen percent of their energy cavorting.34、A "sensitive period" refers to a brief period during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life.35、By linking up the brain areas that might not normally communicate with each other, play may increase creativity.36、Byers points out that play is not a kind of fitness training for the future.37、The latest idea shows that play has developed to build big brains.38、Not only is more of the brain involved in play than was suspected, but it also seems to activate higher cognitive process.39、With schooling beginning earlier and becoming more and more exam-orientated, play is likely to play a less important role in brain development.40、Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis reported that there is a strong positive connection between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OnePlay is the principal business of childhood, and more and more in recent year's research has shown the vital importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs adequate opportunity and the right material for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child'sdevelopment.In recent years research on infant development has shown the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. Therefore a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should be things to touch, things to listen to; things to watch. At no time in his life will a child develop as fast as now; in the first two years each month brings a change in what he can do and what he needs. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to, and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully. There is no doubt that the right play materials and opportunities are of the utmost importance.The next stage, from three to five years old, is the heyday (全盛期) for toys, and at this stage curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child; bricks and jigsaws (拼版玩具) and construction toys; painting and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play. Children of this age are concerned and serious when they play, for to them play is a serious business, and through it they are learning about the world and growing up.By the third stage of play development from five to seven or eight years the child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school. The right toy at this stage can sometimes lead to the choice of a career.Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same thing to a child. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, but their significance has changed to a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.41、From the passage we understand that a child ______.A．tends to be interested in toysB．matures through play over and overC．cannot mature without toysD．has to be taught how to play42、In the writer's opinion the right kind of play materials for infants ______.A．stimulate the talentsB．encourage visual awarenessC．develop the touching senseD．assist the aural responses43、Children of three to five years old find play a serious business because they ______.A．are developing their musclesB．are exercising their imaginationC．are acquiring knowledge through playD．are learning how to grow up44、Once a child has learned to read, he usually ______.A．stops playing with toysB．learns less from his toysC．only gets information from booksD．only learns when at school45、It seems that older children and adults consider toys and games should ______.A．be played as a jokeB．be played for amusementC．teach the players to learn somethingD．make the players feel funnySurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850 000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half of the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher. The special children's hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals on the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as "the library lady" or just "the helper". Children tend to rely on intimate school friends to keep in touch with school work. Once back at school, children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best as they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.46、Which of the following statements is true?A．Every child in hospital receives some teaching.B．Not enough is known about hospital teaching.C．Hospital teaching is of poor quality.D．The special children's hospitals are worst off.47、It can be inferred from the latest survey that ______.A．hospital teaching across the country is similarB．each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC．all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD．only one-fourth of the hospital have full-time teacher48、The hospital teachers are found ______.A．not welcomed by the children and their parentsB．unnecessaryC．not quite helpfulD．capable49、In order to catch up with their school work, children in hospital usually turn to ______.A．hospital teachers B．schoolmatesC．parents D．school teachers50、We can conclude from the passage that the author is ______.A．unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB．in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC．unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD．satisfied with the results of the latest surveyPassage TwoFrom good reading we can derive pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. When human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement.One of the most valuable gifts bestowed by books is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb lofty mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mingle with the gay throngs of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasantsin an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.51、Why is it that we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?A．No one has come to disturb you.B．Everything is so quiet and calm around you.C．The book you are reading is so interesting and attractive.D．Your book is overdue; you are finishing it at a very fast speed.52、How would you account for the fact that people like their acquaintances in books even more?A．They resemble human friends exactly.B．They are unfamiliar types we like.C．They never desert us.D．They never hurt our feelings.53、Which of the following is NOT true?A．All of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books.B．We can travel free of charge to our heart's content by reading books.C．We should rely on reading to escape from the seemingly dull realities of everyday life.D．We may obtain valuable experience from reading good books.54、The word "weary" (Para. 2) means ______.A．"to attract someone's attention"B．"to distract someone's attention"C．"to make someone very tired"D．"to make someone interested"55、"... the whole world is ours for the asking" (Para. 2) implies that ______.A．in books the world is more accessible to usB．we can ask to go anywhere in the worldC．we can make a claim to everything in this worldD．we can make a round-the-world trip free of chargeThe poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today's relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor。
2023年公共英语四级阅读模考试题及答案
2023年公共英语四级阅读模考试题及答案2023年公共英语四级阅读模考试题及答案The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There isno reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of theethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the caign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wareof would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?A) They were of inferior races.B) They were a Source of political corruption.C) They were a threat to the nation’s sec urity.D) They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.2. What does the author think of the new immigrants?A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B) They can do just as well as their predecessors.C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.3. What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B) They will do better in terms of educational attai____ent.C) They will melt into the African-American munity.D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.4. What should be done to help the new immigrants?A) Rid them of their inferiority plex.B) Urge them to adopt American customs.C) Prevent them from being marginalized.D) Teach them standard American English.5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.A) How to deal with people entering the U.S.without documentsB) How to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC) How to stop illegal immigrants from crossingthe borderD) How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.参考答案：ABDCB。
英语四级仔细阅读模拟试题附答案
英语四级仔细阅读模拟试题附答案英语四级仔细阅读模拟试题1：Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (长柄平底煎锅) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (荧光检查仪), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 权威意见) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can ofcourse sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 胆汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.We dont need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣贤) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.56. This passage focuses on__________.A. why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipmentB. the digestibility of fried foodsC. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparationD. why fried foods have long been frowned upon57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________.A. they are healthfulB. they are much cheaperC. they can be easily digestedD. they can provide the calories the workers need58. The author implies that the public should__________.A. prepare some foods by fryingB. avoid fried foods if possibleC. fry foods for adults but not for childrenD. prepare all foods by frying59. When the author says that "an oracle suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________.A. gratefulB. factualC. sarcasticD. humorous60. The passage was probably taken from__________.A. a medical journalB. a publication addressed to the general publicC. a speech at a medical conventionD. an advertisement for cooking oil英语四级仔细阅读模拟试题答案：56.B定位：根据题干信息this passage focuses on可知解答本题需通观全文。
大学英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society. What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife’s previous marriage, or the husband’s, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses. Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time”children from the present marriage and “part-time” children from former marriages. There are step-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.1．By calling Americans marrying people the author means that ______.A．there are more married couples in the U.S.A.than in EuropeB．more Americans prefer marriage and at a younger age than EuropeansC．most divorced individuals remarryD．marriage is the most important part of American life正确答案：B解析：事实细节题。
大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案
大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及答案「篇一」1. C 细节题。
因为Leadville可以为Tabor带来巨富。
这一点不是Leadville得名的原因，因为在文章第二段中，讲到这一点时，提及三个原因：A.因为Tabor成为当地的居民代表人物，B.因为在Leadville有丰富的铅的储藏量。
D.因为Leadville是因为Tabor重要而起的名。
2. D 词汇题。
第二段中grubstake的词义与D所述内容是相同的，即“供给探矿者资金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。
3. A 细节题。
Tabor第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助，为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。
见文章第三段4-9行内容：两名开矿者从Tabor那儿借走价值17美元的物品，作为回报，Tabor获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。
于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘，九天之后，发现了银的富矿，于是Tabor又将两人的.股份全买下，这样，银矿属于Tabor一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的“匹兹堡”矿。
Tabor用17美元的投资换来了130万美元的收获。
4. B 推断题。
由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的，但是毕竟也是基于他开创“grubstake”模式，因为A、D都不对，C更是没有根据，因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。
分析泰勃的做法，会得出B选项所示的结论。
5. B 推断题。
如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?可以从文章第一句分析出来，在Leadville的黄金年代，其多彩的特点当中，Tabor及其第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt是值得大书特书的，接着，文章都在讲述有关H.A.W.Tabor发家致富的历史，如先买下匹兹堡矿，后又买下Matchless矿，最后成为市长，代理州长，等等，所以涉及到的全是男主人公，因此下边再讲的话，应成为女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt的天地了，她是Tabor的第二任妻子。
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精品文档2015 年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷一）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followedby some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A ),B．, C．and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.People's tastes in recreation differ widely.At a recent festivalof pop-music in the Isle of Wight,crowds of teenagers flocked to listento their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railwaytickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climateof Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines forfour days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of thefestival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left,andthey had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts ofopen un-spoilt country,where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact withnature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housingand industry is strictly controlled.Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest.Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties,public pathways have been created;these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the EnglishChannel. Another path,lying inland,goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance waller and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, withoutfeeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by (英国的路旁停车带 ). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove. They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is toget into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to wall a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smellthe traffic.56.In Britain it is very risky to __________.A．go with a single railway ticketB．listen to pop-music at the festivalC. sleep in the openD．pack together in crowds57.At the end of the festival, many young fans__________.A．were arrested by the policeB．had spent most of theirmoney C．were sleeping outD．became quite penniless58.Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large__________. A．tracks through the open countryB．areas of country without soilC．areas of countryside not developedD．expanses of land where nobody works59.Public pathways are created for people to__________.A．commute to workB．enjoy long-distance walkingC. wall to maritime countiesD．visit the historic or scenic sites60.Family groups nowadays like to__________.A．have meals out of doors by the road-sideB．go for a walk away from homeC．drive out past the beautiful placesD．hear and smell the animalsPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it isfor a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purposeis settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and hisobjective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration.All mensimply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and thebusiness of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal canbe and often is completed in less than five minutes,with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants,or does not have eactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the nameimplies,tries to sell the customer something else--he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings outsuch a substitute bluntly;he does so with skill and polish."I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it forsize? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patiencewith this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right colorand may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours bytrying it on. "Nowhow does a womango about buying clothes?In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up hermind what she wants,and she is only"having a look around".She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswomantells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any numberof things.Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women havean excellent sense of value when they buy clothes.They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a womanmay easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps,before selecting the dresses she wants to tryon. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So mostdress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.61. When a man is buying clothes, __________.A．he chooses things that others recormnendB．he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityC．he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensive D.he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things62.In commerce a good salesman is one who__________.A．sells something a customer does not particularly wantB．always has in stock the thing the customer wantsC．can find out quickly the goods requiredD．does not waste his time on difficult customers63.What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?A．He buys something that is similar enough to the ideal one.B．He usually does not buy anything.C．At least two of his reqnirements must be met before he buys.D．So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.64.According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women__________.A．often buy things without thinkingB．seldom buy cheap clothesC．welcome suggestions from anyoneD．never take any advice65. What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers'? A．The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.B．Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.C．Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.D. The time they take over buying clothes.Passage One【参考译文】人们对于休闲娱乐的品位大相径庭。