宾语从句详细讲解及习题

宾语从句（The Object Clause）

定义：在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词后，充当宾语成分的句子。

★宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

一. 宾语从句的引导词（连接词）。

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.由that引导的宾语从句。

当宾语从句是述句时，连词由that引导，当that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。可跟由that引导的宾语从句的动词有say, think, sure, wish, hope, know, see, believe, agree, expect, feel, hear, prefer, request, require, report,mean等。

例句：

She knows (that) Tom is ill.

他说他昨晚很早就睡了。

Which season is it? What’s this?

What does the sign mean?

▲that 不能省的两种情况：

(1)当that作介词except ,in的宾语时。

例句：

They believe in that she must win.

除了他是美国人，我对他一无所知。

(2)用it作形式宾语时,it放在think, find, believe, feel, make等词后作为形式宾语，that引导宾语从句移到句子后部。

我听说她下个月会结婚。

2.由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。

例句：I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．

我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

1. I want to know __________________________________.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）

2. Ask him _____________________. （他是否能来）

3. I don’t know ___________________________.（是否要下雨）

▲但在下列情况下只能用whether：

（1）在具有选择意义，有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether.

（2）在不定式前用whether：

（3）在介词后面：

(4)宾语从句提前时：

3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, suggest, doubt, wonder, understand, advise等。

例句：

Do you know whom they are waiting for?

Please tell him when and where the meeting will begin.

只有你能决定谁是最佳人选。

你能告诉我他现在在哪儿吗？

练习题：

(1) --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said? David?

--- Yes, Mum

(2) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.

(3) I don’t kn ow ________ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English.

把下列句子连成带宾从的复合句：

1.How old is he? Do you know…?

2.Did you enjoy yourself at the party? He asked me.

二. 宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为述句的语序。

主句+连接词+从句（主语+谓语+其他）

例句：

I think that he will be back soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

▲当从句的原句为以下句子（What’s wrong?/What’s the matter?/What’s happening?/What’s happened?）语序不变。

例句：

I don’t know what’s the matter.

练习题

（1）Are you interested in _____?

A. how did he do it

B. he did it how

C. how he did it

D. he how did it

（2）Who can tell us ________about over there?

A. what they talk

B. what they are talking

C. what are they talking

（3）Tom asked__________to school late.

A. who did often come

B. who often did come

C. who often came

（4）Nobody knows ______ to visit our school.

A. when he will come

B. when will he come

C. when he does come

(5)Please tell us ______ to the Science Museum.

A. how can we get

B. how we can reach

C. how we can get

D. how can we reach

三. 宾语从句的时态

例句：

我认为你是正确的。

我知道他十年前住这儿。

B：主句---过去时，从句---过去某一时态。