(完整版)高中英语构词法精讲与练习

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高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1<背景文章>Prefixes are an important part of English word formation. A prefix is a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. For example, the prefix "un-" means "not." So, "happy" becomes "unhappy" which means not happy. Prefixes can also change the part of speech of a word. For instance, the prefix "re-" can turn a verb into another verb with the meaning of "again." As in "build" and "rebuild." There are many common prefixes in English such as "pre-," "post-," "mis-," "dis-," and "over-." Each prefix has its own specific meaning and usage. Prefixes help us expand our vocabulary and understand the meanings of words more easily.1. The prefix "pre-" means ______.A. afterB. beforeC. wrongD. again答案:B。

2024新高考英语复习构词法

2024新高考英语复习构词法

悲伤的:sorrow—sorrowful
高雅的:grace—graceful
可耻的:shame—shameful
-less
无,不
无成效的:fruit—fruitless
无意义的:meaning—meaningless
不痛的:pain—painless
坐立不安的:rest—restless
无望的:hope—hopeless
2.形容词转换为副词
后缀 -ly
意义 以……方式
例词
绝对地:absolute—absolutely
仅仅:bare—barely
真诚地:sincere—sincerely
事实上,真实地:actual—actually
最后:eventual—eventually
很少:rare—rarely
批评性地:critical—critically
具有……特 性的;与…… 有关的
实际的:practice—practical
偶然的:accident—accidental
符合逻辑的:logic—logical
职业的:profession—professional
面部的:face—facial
金融的:finance—financial
有益的:benefit—beneficial
系统的:system—systematic 有同情心的:sympathy—sympathetic
戏剧性的:drama—dramatic
悲观的:pessimism—pessimistic
热心的:enthusiasm—enthusiastic
乐观的:optimism—optimistic
科学的:science—scientific

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题带答案

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题带答案

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题带答案1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. “blackboard” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案:B。

解析:“blackboard”是由“black”(黑色)和“board”(板)两个独立的词组合而成的复合词(compound word)。

A 选项composite word 一般指合成词,范围比较宽泛;C 选项blended word 指混合词,是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词;D 选项derived word 是派生词,通过加前缀或后缀形成。

2.The football player is very strong. “football” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案:B。

解析:“football”是由“foot”(脚)和“ball”(球)两个词组合而成的复合词。

A 选项composite word 一般指合成词,范围比较宽泛;C 选项blended word 指混合词,是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词;D 选项derived word 是派生词,通过加前缀或后缀形成。

3.The bookcase is made of wood. “bookcase” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案:B。

解析:“bookcase”是由“book”(书)和“case”(箱子)两个词组合而成的复合词。

A 选项composite word 一般指合成词,范围比较宽泛;C 选项blended word 指混合词,是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词;D 选项derived word 是派生词,通过加前缀或后缀形成。

(完整版)构词法练习及其答案

(完整版)构词法练习及其答案

高考能力测试构词法Word Formation 一.合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式:1. 直接写在一起。

2. 用连字符(—)连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成。

话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音-记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的—-使完善 3。

名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领训练要旨:构词法是英语学习的一个重点,也是近年来常考的项目.特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高.检测构词法,在阅读理解中,已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习,应该具备的一种能力。

如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀,再者或是合成词等,命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。

1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A。

care B. carefulC. careless Dcarelessness2。

The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai。

A。

die B. dead C。

died D。

death3。

The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B。

sadness C. sadly D。

sad4。

He is an expert at chemistry。

We all call him a ________。

【高一同步教程】高中英语必修4 Unit5语法:构词法讲解及练习

【高一同步教程】高中英语必修4 Unit5语法:构词法讲解及练习

高中英语必修4 Unit 5语法教学案Section ⅢGrammar—构词法语法图解【探究发现】①chairman主席newspaper报纸hometown 家乡airport 机场sunrise 日出②dislike 不喜欢incorrect 不正确的unlucky 不走运的retell 复述telephone 电话③reader 读者inventor 发明家Chinese 中国人Indian 印度人artist 艺术家kindness 和蔼operation 手术④water 水/浇水dry 干的/弄干book 书籍/预订nurse 护士/护理better 更好/改善[我的发现](1) ①组中的单词是将两个单词合并在一起,形成一个新的单词。

这种构词法被称之为合成法。

(2) ②组中的单词都是在各自的词根前加了不同的前缀,如dis-,in-,un-,re-,tele-等。

(3) ③组中的单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的后缀,如-er, -or, -ese, -ian等。

(4) ②③组中单词的构词法被称之为派生法。

(5) ④组中的单词所展示的构词法被称之为转化法。

英语中词的构成方法主要有三种:合成、派生和转化。

一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。

1.合成名词构成方式举例构成方式举例名词+名词weekend周末动词+名词postcard明信片名词+动词daybreak破晓动词-ing+名词waiting-room候车室名词+动词-ing handwriting书法形容词+名词fastfood 快餐构成方式举例构成方式举例名词+动词-ing English-speaking讲英语的形容词+名词part-time兼职的名词+动词-ed state-owned国有的形容词+动词-ing good-looking相貌好的副词+动词-ed widespread分布广的形容词+名词+-ed warm-hearted热心的构成方式举例构成方式举例形容词+名词sometimes有时副词+名词indoors在室内介词+名词alongside在一边副词+介词nearby附近4.构成方式举例代词宾格+self herself她自己himself他自己物主代词+self myself我自己yourself你自己形容词+名词anything任何东西somebody某个人5.合成动词构成方式举例名词+动词sunbathe晒太阳typewrite打字形容词+动词whitewash粉刷safeguard保卫副词+动词overthrow推翻upset使生气[名师点津](1) 合成词的复数形式通常是把前面的主体名词变复数。

第07讲 构词法(练习)(解析版)

第07讲 构词法(练习)(解析版)
【答案】appropriately
【解析】考查副词。句意:人们相信,通过适当布置事物,可以和谐自然界的能量。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arranging,因此使用appropriately“适当地”,作状语。故填appropriately。
3.(2024·辽宁六校联考)Apart from this, existing examples of ancient Chinese architecture are also(wide) praised for its elegant outlines and various features, such as overhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned roof corners, and different shapesof roofs.
【答案】magnificently
【解析】考查副词。句意:这艘船出来时气势恢宏,其形状和特征具有闽北特色。提示词修饰动词短语comes out,用副词magnificently作状语,意为“壮丽地,宏伟地”。故填magnificently。
6.(2024·江西九江·二模)In 2005, the pattern was(successful)selected as the symbol of China’s cultural heritage to showcase the ancient Chinese people’s wisdomand aspirations.
【答案】globally
【解析】考查副词。句意:展望未来,我们将抓住机遇,继续走在共建“一带一路”前列,为全球提供更多高水平绿色能源。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词provide,用副词作状语。故填globally。
2.(2024·浙江·二模)It is believed that by arranging things(appropriate), one can haronize the energies of the natural world.

高中英语必修四BOOK 4 Unit 5 Theme parks 构词法讲解及练习题(含答案)

高中英语必修四BOOK 4 Unit 5 Theme parks 构词法讲解及练习题(含答案)

BOOK 4 Unit 5 Theme parks 构词法讲解及练习题语言点讲解1.合成: 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。

复合名词class + room = classroom (名词+名词)black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词)复合形容词warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的world +wide= worldwide 世界性的hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的复合动词over + come = overcome克服(副词+动词) 复合数词fifty+ four= fifty-four 复合代词everyone ,somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词) 复合副词down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下( 形容词+名词)whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地(副词+副词)2. 派生是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。

happy --- unhappy develop --- development前缀: 一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化,只有少数能引起词类的变化。

mis- 错误的+ understand v. 理解--- misunderstand v. 误解en + large adj. 大的--- enlarge v. 扩大后缀: 一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。

care v. 照料--- careful adj. 细心的work v. 工作--- worker n. 工人常见的前缀(A)表示否定的前缀:un---unfair, unhappynon----nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前)in----inactive (常用在adj.前dis----disagree, disappear, dislikeim----impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)(B).表示错误或失误的前缀: mis---misunderstand, misdirect(误导)(C)表示两个,双边的前缀:bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle(D)表示相互, 交互, 在一起的前缀inter—interview, international, internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀re—review, return, rewrite(F)表示远的前缀tele– telephone, television常见的后缀动词变名词:-tion educate--education, invite---invitation, predict---prediction-ment development, movement, disappointment-er teacher, worker, runner, singer-or visitor, sailor, tutor, actor名词后缀补充: -ist ( 人, 名词后缀) science--scientist, terror--terrorist-ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀) Chinese, Japanese形容词变名词-ness good—goodness, happy-happiness, busy-business , care—careless--carelessness-ity able--ability, possible--possibility名词变形容词:-y: windy, rainy, healthy, cloudy, funny, sunny-ish: foolish, childish, girlish -some: handsome, troublesome-ous: dangerous, humorous-ful: helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful-less: homeless, helpless, careless ,useless-ed surprised, bored ,excited ,relaxed, interested-ing surprising, boring ,exciting ,relaxing, interesting, outstanding名词变形容词-al: traditional, international, nature--natural5. 名词、形容词变动词:-ify: beauty-beautify, simple--simplify-ize: realize-en: quicken, sharpen , widen3. 转化: 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。

高中语法:12-构词法(含答案)

高中语法:12-构词法(含答案)
目录
CONTENTS
1
第十二讲 构词法
01 转化法 02 派生法 03 合成法 04 其他法 05 针对训练
1. 动词转化为名词 | 2.名词转化为动词 | 3. 形容词 转化为动词 | 4. 形容词转化为名词
1. 前缀 | 2. 后缀
1. 合成名词 | 2. 合成形容词 | 3. 合成动词 | 4.合成 副词
7
目录
PART TWO
派生法
8
二、派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新 词叫作派生法。除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般 改变词类,很少引起词义的变化。
9
目录
二、派生法
1 前缀
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
常见的有dis,un-,im-,in-,il,ir,mis,non 等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常
1. 截短法 | 2. 混合法 | 3. 首字母缩略法
I. 单句语法填空 | II. 单句改错 | III. 翻译句子 | IV. 语法填空 | V. 短文改错
目录
转化法
PART ONE
2
一、 转化法
英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用 作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
28
目录
针对训练
29
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ___r_e_g_u_l_a_rl_y____ (regular).(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) 2.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _____a_b_il_it_y_____ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) 3 . The river was so polluted that it ____a_c_t_u_a_ll_y____ (actual) caught fire and burned.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ) 4.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and __d_is_a_p_p_o_i_n_t_e_d__ (disappoint).(2014·全国卷Ⅱ) 5.___O__b_v_io_u_s_l_y___ (obvious),the story is not true,but the festival is interesting.

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题(带答案)

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题(带答案)

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题(带答案)1. The word “unhappy” means not happy. Here, “un - ” is a prefix. Which of the following words has the same prefix with the same meaning?A. unableB. reuseC. preheatD. subway答案:A。

解析:在“unhappy”中,“un - ”是一个表示否定的前缀,意思是“不”。

“unable”中的“un - ”也是这个意思,表示“不能的”,和“unhappy”中的前缀意义相同。

“reuse”中的“re - ”表示“再次”;“preheat”中的“pre - ”表示“预先”;“subway”中的“sub - ”表示“在……之下”。

2. “Misunderstand” means not understand correctly. The prefix “mis - ” here gives a negative meaning. Which word also has this “mis - ” prefix?A. misleadB. mistakeC. both A and BD. none of them答案:C。

解析:在“misunderstand”中,“mis - ”是表示错误、否定的前缀。

“mislead”中的“mis - ”表示“错误地引导”,“mistake”中的“mis - ”也表示错误的意思,所以A和B都有这个前缀。

3. The prefix “re - ” in “rewrite” means “again”. Which of the following words has the same prefix with this meaning?A. reviewB. removeC. resistD. respect答案:A。

(完整版)英语构词法练习题

(完整版)英语构词法练习题

(完整版)英语构词法练习题Word Form QuizPart AFill the blanks using the words below. While doing this exercise, look for clues which tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb).1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child,so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3. The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.A. sadlyB. sadnessC. saddenD. sad4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________.A. chemistryB. chemicalC. chemistD. physician5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged6. Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.A. leadB. leaderC. leadingD. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem,Jack looked________about at his classmates.A. proudB. proudlyC. prideD. pridely8.To everyone’s ________,the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A. 600 words;a 600-wordsB. 600-word;a 600-wordsC. 600 words;a 600-wordD. 600 words;a 600-words10. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permittingD. permittence11. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmasterD. headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it ________.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A. practiceB. practiseC. practicalD. practiced14. The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A. judgerB. judgmentC. judgeD. judgement15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A. longerB. lengthC. longD. longing17.To my ________,I passed the exam easily.A. joyB. joyfulC. joylessD. joyness18. Canada is mainly an________country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken19. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is reallya ________.A. foolish;foolishly;foolB. fool;foolish;foolC. foolish;fool;foolD. foolishly;foolish;fool20. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________.A. valuableB. valueC. valuelessD. unvaluable21. There were________fish in the river in South America.A. in dangerB. dangerC. dangerousD. dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.A. soundB. silentC. silenceD. sounded23. The child looked at me________.A. strangerB. strangelyC. strangeD. strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.A. freeB. freelyC. freedomD. frees25. What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.A. reasonableB. reasonfulC. reasonlessD. unreason26. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A. advanceB. advancingC. advantageD. advanced27. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A. nearbyB. nearC. nearlyD. near by28.Mr Black is an ________in the army,not an ________in the government. You can not easily find him in his________.A. official;officer;officeB. officer;office;officialC. official;official;officialD. officer;official;office29.You’d better give up smokin g if you want to keep ________.A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. healthier30.________ speaking,I didn’t do it on purpose.A. HonestlyB. HonestC. HonestyD. DishonestPart BUse the word at the end of each gap to form a new word with which to fill the gap. While doing this exercise, look for clueswhich tell you what kind of word is missing (adjective, noun, verb, adverb). Make sure to take into consideration forms using various prefixes and suffixes, as well as negative forms.We earn our_____________ (LIVE) in America today in peaceful ____________ (COMPETE) with people all across the Earth. Profound and _________ (POWER) forces are shaking and _________ (MAKE) our world, and the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. This new world has already ___________ (RICH) the lives of millions of Americans who are able to ____________ (COMPETITION) and win in it. But when most people are working harder for less, when others cannot work at all, when the cost of health care devastates families and threatens to ____________ (BANK) our enterprises, great and small, when the fear of crime robs law abiding citizens of their _____________ (FREE), and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend.Some Tips1.V-ing和V-ed 作形容词时的差别表示情感的及物动词如excite, discourage, disappoint, encourage, inspire, interest, move, please, puzzle, surprise, worry 等,其分词常加上后缀-ing或-ed转化为分词(也可称为形容词),用作表、定、状或补语。

第07讲 构词法(讲义)-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)含解析

第07讲 构词法(讲义)-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)含解析

第07讲构词法(讲义)-2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)第07讲构词法目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (1)02 知识导图.思维引航 (2)03 考点突破.考法探究 (4)考点一派生法 (5)知识点1 解题时派生词的判断依据 (5)知识点2 前缀、否定前缀和否定后缀 6知识点3 名词后缀 7知识点4 形容词后缀 (9)知识点5 副词后缀 (10)知识点6 动词后缀10考点二合成法 (11)知识点1 合成名词11知识点2 合成形容词 (11)知识点3 合成动词、副词及其他12考点三转化法 (13)04 真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (14)阅读理解中对构词法的考查..... .. (14)语法填空中对构词法的考查 (14)2.命题演练 (15)复习目标:、具备根据语境推断词性及意思的能力;掌握构词法的三大规则:派生、合成和转换;掌握构词法,提高阅读速度,提高核心素养;具备根据句法知识判断句子成分并判断其词性,然后准确写出正确形式的能力;考点概述:许多英语单词的构词都有一定的规律,这种规律被成为构词法。

掌握构词法知识对考生更好的理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。

意义中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。

【高考导航】1.(2024年浙江1月高考阅读理解D片段)We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value— a feeling of reward and satisfaction.2. (2023年新高考I卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.考点一派生法知识点1 派生词的判断依据1.冠词、物主代词等词类后一般跟名词。

(高中英语2019版) 基础保分篇 第八讲 构词法讲与练 新人教版(含答案)

(高中英语2019版) 基础保分篇 第八讲 构词法讲与练 新人教版(含答案)

第八讲构词法李仕才读语篇,悟语法。

反复朗读下列短文,领悟画线黑体部分。

思考:画线的单词有什么特点?各种前缀如何用?各种前缀表示什么意思?单词加了前缀后词性有没有变化?John and his father never agree on one thing, so they often disapprove[1]of each other, for there was some misunderstanding[2] between them. Once, John and his parents went to his aunt’s home for dinner. When they left after dinner, John said “Bye-bye!”to his aunt in a low voice. However, his father didn’t hear it and he thought John misbehaved[3]himself for it was impolite[4]to leave without saying goodbye.John insisted that he did say it, but his father didn’t listen to him. From then on, John was unfriendly[5] to his father, which made his father extremely unhappy[6]. Undoubtedly[7], it is unwise[8] of John to do so. After all, they are father and son. His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich[9]his knowledge of manners, which his father believed would enable[10]him to be a good-mannered boy. John’s father said he was angry at his son’s dishonesty[11],which would certainly endanger[12]his future. His father’s nonstop[13]nonsense caused John much discomfort[14]. John had to go to the class. Later on,he did everything against his father’s will.1.dis-表示“相反或否定”意义的前缀。

专题1-构词法ppt 精品讲解课件(含答案) 2019年高考英语语法专项练习

专题1-构词法ppt 精品讲解课件(含答案) 2019年高考英语语法专项练习

1.___h_a_d_q_u_i_t(_te_d_)__2.___t_h_e___3.___l_e_ft___4.__p_i_c_k_e_d_ 5._t_o_l_o_o_k_6.____o_n_/o_n_t_o_7.__S_u_r_p_r_is_i_n_g_ly___8.__i_n_st_e_a_d_ 9.___a_s___10.__c_o_n_f_id_e_n_c_e__
2.It's still a useful and pleasant form of _c_o_m__m_u_n_i_c_a_ti_o_n (communicate).
解析:介词of之后要用名词形式communication作宾 语。
3.It is not ___su_r_p_r_is_in_g___(surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.
4.(2017·江苏高考,29,改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smart-phones defeated___c_o_n_v_e_n_ti_o_n_a_l____ (convention) PCs in sales.
解析:分析句子可知,名词PCs前缺少一个定语,故 用形容词形式。-al为形容词后缀。句意:仅仅在史蒂夫·乔 布斯去世五年之后,智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个 人电脑。
专题一 构词法
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ,69)However, be__c_a_re_f_u_l_(care) not to go to extremes.
解析:名词加后缀-ful变成形容词,作表语或定语。 此句用于be careful (not) to do sth.结构。

(完整word版)高中英语构词法精讲与练习

(完整word版)高中英语构词法精讲与练习

高中英语构词法讲解与练习一. 类别:英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二. 定义与精讲1. 转化法:英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

(1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,Let's go out for a walk.②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,Let's have a swim.(2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?②身体部位,Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,She nursed her husband back to health. ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词:有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

We will try our best to better our living conditions.4)副词转化为动词:有少数副词可以转化为动词。

Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,You should be dressed in black at the funeral.②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与the 连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下:The old in our village are living a happy life.2.派生法:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

高中英语构词法教案、说课稿、课堂练习

高中英语构词法教案、说课稿、课堂练习

Word Formation构词法Time:Place:Presenter:Subject:Word FormationTeaching aim:Help Ss learn the usage of word formation.Teaching difficult points:Let Ss master the usage of DerivationStep 1 .Lead-inGet student to look at some pictures and show their English expressions. Then get students to know word formation will be learned in this period.派生法(Derivation)构词法转化法(Conversion)合成法(Compounding)Step2. DiscoveryGet students to discover different rules about word formation by analysing some typical situations.Situation1:butterfly football ice cream mobile phone watermelon mankinddowntown worn out roller coaster hard-working passer-byearthquake eggplant laptop sleep-walker color- blind1. 合成名词Compound words2. 合成形容词3. 合成动词及合成副词Situation2:disagree illegal impatient unfriendly anti- Japan superman mini-skirtsubway internet forecast microwave recycle enlarge postgraduateteacher artist imagination happiness purify humorous lengthen comfortable thankful homeless carefullyStep3. PracticeDivide students into groups to finish the following exercise.(1). Write out the original words.dislike v. ________impossibility n. ________unfriendly adj.__________misunderstanding n. _______translator n. ________(2). 按括号内的要求改写下列单词agree(反义)_____ nation(形容词)_____farm(人)________ recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________ hope(形容词)_____home(形容词) ________ true(名词)_______amuse(名词)_______ attract(形容词)_____(3).写出所给单词的正确形式。

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习

2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。

词性的转换有两种方法:转化法和缀合法(派生法)。

一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法,即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类,后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法,一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。

转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。

转化法主要分为如下四种类型:1. 动词转化为名词。

多用来表示一次性动作,或与动作相关的事物。

①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。

swim原为动词“游泳”。

②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。

answer原为动词“回答”。

2. 名词转化为动词。

这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关,也是修辞。

例如:①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。

wolf.原为名词“狼”。

②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。

nurse.原为名词“护士”。

3. 形容词转化为动词。

①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。

black 原为形容1 / 16词“黑色的”。

②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。

empty原为形容词“空的”。

4. 形容词转化为名词。

即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。

例如:①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色(的)。

red原为形容词“红色的”。

②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.人勤劳而勇敢。

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题1. My brother is a bookworm. He loves to read in his free time. The underlined word “bookworm” is a(an) _____.A.noun + nounB.verb + nounC.adjective + nounD.adverb + noun答案:A。

“bookworm”由“book(书)”和“worm(虫子)”两个名词组成,是一个合成词,意思是“书呆子”。

选项 A 是名词加名词;选项B 是动词加名词;选项C 是形容词加名词;选项D 是副词加名词。

2. The blackboard is very important in the classroom. The underlined word “blackboard” is a(an) _____.A.noun + nounB.verb + nounC.adjective + nounD.adverb + noun答案:A。

“blackboard”由“black( 黑色的)”和“board( 板)”两个名词组成,是一个合成词,意思是“黑板”。

选项 A 是名词加名词;选项B 是动词加名词;选项C 是形容词加名词;选项D 是副词加名词。

3. The firefighter is very brave. He saves people from fire. Theunderlined word “firefighter” is a(an) _____.A.noun + nounB.verb + nounC.adjective + nounD.adverb + noun答案:A。

“firefighter”由“fire( 火)”和“fighter( 战士)”两个名词组成,是一个合成词,意思是“消防员”。

选项 A 是名词加名词;选项B 是动词加名词;选项C 是形容词加名词;选项D 是副词加名词。

高中英语构词法精讲ppt课件

高中英语构词法精讲ppt课件
op • examination→exa
m • kilogram→kilo • laboratory→lab • taxicab→taxi
• 3)截头去尾 • influenza→flu • refrigerator→fridg
e • prescription→scri
pt
32
5.混合法(混成法)
• -able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的), -ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive, -less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。例如:
21
nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的
7
4)副词转化为动词
• 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如: • Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将
败露。
8
5)形容词转化为名词
• ①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如: • You should be dressed in black at the
funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
America美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的 east东→eastern东方的 child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的 22
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容 词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用于 表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如:
• see-through透明的
25

人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析

人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析

人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析1. The movie was so boring that I decided to ______watch it. Which prefix can be added to "watch" to convey this meaning?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案:A。

解析:“un - ”这个前缀常表示相反的意思,“unwatch”可以理解为不再看,符合句子中因为电影无聊所以不再看的语境。

“re -”通常表示再次,“rewatch”是再看一次的意思,不符合题意。

“dis - ”虽然也有否定的意思,但在这里“diswatch”不是一个常规用法。

“mis - ”表示错误,“miswatch”也不是正确的表达。

2. She made a mistake in her speech, so she had to ______do it. What prefix should be used?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案:B。

解析:“re - ”表示再次、重新,“redo”表示重新做,因为她在演讲中犯错了所以要重新做,符合题意。

“un - ”表示相反,“undo”是解开、取消的意思,不适合这里。

“dis - ”表示否定、相反,“disdo”不是常规用法。

“mis - ”表示错误,“misdo”也不是正确的表达。

3. His words were very ______pleasant. Which prefix can be used to form the opposite of "pleasant"?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案:A。

解析:“un - ”加在形容词前面表示相反的意思,“unpleasant”表示不愉快的,是“pleasant”的反义词,符合题意。

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高中英语构词法讲解与练习一. 类别:英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二. 定义与精讲1. 转化法:英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

(1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,Let's go out for a walk.②有时意思有一定变化,如:He is a man of strong build.③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,Let's have a swim.(2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件,Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?②身体部位,Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,She nursed her husband back to health.④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词:有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

We will try our best to better our living conditions.4)副词转化为动词:有少数副词可以转化为动词。

Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,You should be dressed in black at the funeral.②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下:The old in our village are living a happy life.2.派生法:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。

1)前缀:除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。

例如:appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的lead带领→mislead领错stop停下→non-stop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对;抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (强调距离)等。

例如:alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作enjoy使高兴internet互联网reuse再用subway地铁telephone电话2)后缀:英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。

后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。

(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence,-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ful (一……),-ian (精通……的人),-ist (专业人员),-ment (性质;状态),-ness (性质;状态),-tion(动作;过程)等。

differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家Japan日本→Japanese日本人act表演→actress女演员mouth口→mouthful一口music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成为)。

例如:wide→widen加宽beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提纯real→realize意识到organ→organize组织(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某国人的),-en (多用于表示材料的名词后),-ern (方向的),-ese(某国人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像……的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天气)等。

例如:nature自然→natura l自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。

例如:angry生气的→angrily生气地to到→towa rds朝……,向……east东方→eastward向东(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几),-ty (几十),-th (构成序数词)。

例如:six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十常见词缀一览表A、名词后缀词缀含义例词-er 人或工具teacher cooker-or 人actor visitor-ist ……者,……家artist communist-man 人postman Frenchman-(i)an 人;……国人musician American-eer ……者,……家engineer mountaineer-ee 受……者employee trainee-ese ……地方/国人Chinese Japanese-mate 有……关系的人workmate roommate-ance 性质或状态appearance attendance-ence 行为或性状difference independence-ing feeling greeting-tion education information-sion television revision-ment 行为的结果/方式development equipment-age carriage marriage-dom 状态;领域freedom kingdom-ness 性质;状态happiness loneliness-graph 文字;书写telegraph autograph(亲笔签名)-hood 身份;地位;生活状况girlhood childhood-ics 学科或某种活动politics physics-phone 重视声音的工具telephone microphone(麦克风)-ship 状态;身份;职务friendship -mate 有……关系的人workmate roommate-ism ……主义Marxism Leninism(列宁主义)-ery discovery slavery-al arrivalB、形容词后缀词缀含义例词-able 显示……性质或特点的可被……的,适于……的comfortable suitable-ible 显示……性质或特点的可被……的,适于……的terrible horrible(恐怖的)-al ……的,有……性质的national musical-ant 有……性质的,人servant important-ent 有……性质的different intelligent(聪明的)-ary 有……性质的necessary ordinary-ive 有……倾向的;有……性质的active native-y 多……的,有巨……的easy cloudy-ed (感到)……的excited disappointed-ing (令人)……的exciting disappointing-ese ……地方或国家的Chinese Vietnamese(越南的)-ful 充满……的,具有……性质的careful beautiful-ian ……地方或国家人的Asian Australian-ish 像/有点……一样的selfish childish-less 没有……的freeless, careless-like 像……的godlike childlike-ly 具有……性质或特点的;第……次的lovely yearly(每年一次的)-ous 具有……性质的famous desirous-en 用……做成的woolen wooden-some 易于……的;会引起……的troublesome tiresome(厌烦的)-er 较……的happier luckier-est 最……的happiest luckiest-ory satisfactoryC、动词前缀词缀含义例词un- 不,非,无unimportant, unluckyim- 不,非,无impossiblein- 不,非,无incorrectir- 不,非,无irregularil- 不,非,无illegalnon- 不,非,无non-smoking, non-stopa- ……的afraid, asleepD、动词前缀词缀含义例词en/em- 使……变成;置于……上endanger, enjoydis- 不,非,无dislike disagreemis- 误,错mislead misunderstandre- 重新;又;再recall, rewritea- 使……arise(使上升)E、动词后缀词缀含义例词-en 使变成richen, sadden-ise/ize 使成为;变成memorize, computerize(用电脑储存)- (i)fy 使成为beautify terrifyF、副词后缀词缀含义例词-ly ……地quickly immediately-er 较……地faster harder-est 最……地fastest hardestG、其他前缀词缀含义例词anti- 反对,对抗anti-Japanese antitankbi- 每……两次的/地bi-monthly bicycletele- 远距离的telephone televisionex- 前任的;向外ex-ife exclaimfore- 预先;在前面的foretell forecastpre- 预先prepare prefix(前缀)post- 在……之后的postgraduate(研究生)inter- 在……之间internet internationalmicro- 微小的microwave microphonesuper- 超过supermarkettechn(o) - 与技术有关的technologywell- 适当地;完全地well-known well-writtenself- 自己,自身,自我,自动self-service self-confidencetrans- 转移;移植transplant translatekilo- 千kilometer kilogrammilli- 千分之milligram millimeterco- 共同,同等co-operate co-educationtri- 三,三个tricycle tricolourcom/con/col/cor- 连同,一同conduct combinemulti- 多multipleunder- 在……下面;不足;次于underground underestimate(低估)over- 在……上面;过多overhead overworkcenti- 百分之centigrade centimeterH、其他后缀词缀含义例词-self 亲自myself, oneself-cent 百分之percent-meter 米centimeter, kilometer3.4. 截短法(缩略法):截短法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

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