全国高考英语 过去分词现在分词考点精析
高中英语现在分词过去分词的用法辨别 精华
高中英语现在分词，过去分词用法讲义及练习要点回顾：①现在分词—结构及时态，语态意义②-成分：定语（逻主：被修饰词）表语（逻主：主语）补语包括宾补（逻主：宾语）和主补（逻主：主语）状语（逻主：一般为主句的主语，若不一致，须把分词本身的主语补出，放在分词前面）③--区分点：⑴定语—放于一个n./pron.（短语）前或后，且与该词产生修饰关系。
如：falling leaves , the boy being punishedThe famous painter, being reported on the TV, has been awarded Nobel prize.⑵表语—放于系动词后，构成系表结构，且说明主语的性质和特征。
如：The story is interesting .⑶补语—补出说明宾语/主语的内容意义。
宾补放在宾语后，主补放在谓语动词后。
如:She saw the thief being caught by the police.The thief was seen breaking into a house.⑷状语：与主句之间有逗号隔开，放于句首或句末。
与主句形成时间，地点原因，方式，让步，伴随等逻辑关系。
④做题步骤：⒈读题，分析题意⒉判断成分⒊找出语态(根据与逻辑主语之间的语态关系判断)⒋找出时态（根据句子中谓语的时态或者时间状语判断）另外：①V+ing 还有另外一个名字哦：动名词！只能做句子的主语，宾语，表语，补语。
② V+ed 又名： done ,过去分词。
成分，区分点，做题步骤均跟V+ing 相同。
不同点在于：V+ed 时态上表示已经完成，语态上表示被动。
如： the injured workers 受伤的工人。
（单个分词前置）a book written by Lu Xun （分词短语后置）a broken glass 一个被打破了的杯子。
（及物动词的过去分词表示被动、完成）a retired teacher （不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成）小练笔：看看你理解掌握了哪些？一．比较下列1.2.3题，选出最合适的答案1._____ from the top of the TV tower, we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To seeB. SeenC. SeeingD. See2.____ from the top of the TV tower, the city got more beautiful.A. To seeB. SeenC. SeeingD. See3．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To seeB. SeenC. SeeingD. See再试试其他题吧：1. All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. be consideredB. consideringC. having consideredD. considered2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A. being foundedB. FoundedC. It was foundedD. Founding3. _____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given4. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. LeavingB. LeftC. To be leftD. Having left5. ______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A. Being settledB. Having settledC. SettledD. Settling6. He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor.A, being broken B. break C. to be break D. broken7.____in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. (00,1)A) To look B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at8, You will see this product ____ wherever you go. (00,6)A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising9.From the dates ____ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A) marking B) having been marked C) marked D) to be marked10.She stood by the window, ____.A) thinking B) think C) thought D) thinks11.____ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing12.The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand ____ a stick for support.A) held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding13.____ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting.A) having defeated B) To have defeatedC) having been defeated D) To have been defeated14.I understood you were third-year students ____ in English.A) who majors B) who major is C) have majored D) majoring15.A cool rain was falling, ___ with snow. A) mixed B) mixing C) to mix D) having mixed16.____ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.A) Surrounded B) Surrounding C) having surrounded D) To be surrounded17.All the exam papers ____, the teacher sent the class home.A) having been handed in B) having hands in C) handing in D) being handed in18.___ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.A) having lived B) Lived C) Living D) To live19.Any packet ____ properly will not be accepted by the post office.A) not to be wrapped B) not being wrappedC) not wrapped D) not having been wrapped20.He was sitting in the chair, ____ a book. A) read B) was reading C) readingD) with reading。
高中英语知识点归纳分词的用法
高中英语知识点归纳分词的用法分词是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，它有着广泛的应用。
在高中英语学习中，掌握分词的用法对于学生的语言运用能力和阅读理解能力都有着极大的帮助。
本文将对高中英语中分词的用法进行归纳总结。
一、分词的定义分词是一种非常特殊的动词形式，它既有动词的特点，又具有形容词或副词的特点。
分词的形式有两种：现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed形式）。
在句子中，分词可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
下面将分别介绍这些用法。
二、现在分词的用法1.作定语现在分词可以修饰名词或代词，表示被修饰词的性质、特征或状态。
例如：a running horse（一匹奔跑的马）、a smiling child（一个微笑的孩子）。
2.作表语现在分词可以作为连系动词的表语，表示主语的特征或状态。
例如：She is amazing（她很令人惊叹）。
3.作状语现在分词可以修饰谓语动词，表示动作的方式、原因或时间。
例如：He left, crying（他边哭边离开）。
三、过去分词的用法1.作定语过去分词可以修饰名词或代词，表示被修饰词的性质、特征或状态。
例如：a broken window（一个破损的窗户）、a written report（一份书面报告）。
2.作表语和状语过去分词也可以作为连系动词的表语，表示主语的特征或状态。
例如：The door was closed（门是关着的）。
过去分词还可以修饰谓语动词，表示动作的结果。
例如：She arrived, tired（她疲惫地到达了）。
四、分词的完成时态在句子中，分词还可以和助动词have、has、had连用，形成完成时态。
一般现在分词加上have/has构成现在完成分词，过去分词加上had构成过去完成分词。
例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed（做完作业后，他去睡觉了）。
五、现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词的区别主要在于时间和动作性质。
高考英语分词知识点总结
高考英语分词知识点总结一、分词的基本概念和形式分词是英语语法中的一种非谓语动词形式，可以作为形容词、副词或补语使用。
一般情况下，英语中的分词有两种形式：现在分词（-ing 形式）和过去分词（-ed或不规则形式）。
现在分词通常由动词的原形加-ing构成，如“running”、“going”等。
过去分词则根据动词的不同，在原形后加-ed，也可能是不规则变化。
二、现在分词的用法1. 表示主动或进行中的动作：He is running in the park.（他正在公园跑步。
）2. 作形容词，修饰名词：The exciting movie kept us entertained.（令人兴奋的电影使我们感到愉悦。
）3. 作独立成分，表示伴随状况：The rain falling outside made me stay indoors.（外面下雨使我呆在室内。
）4. 可以和连词while或when连用，表示两个动作同时进行：While studying, he listens to music.（他在学习的同时听音乐。
）三、过去分词的用法1. 作及物动词的宾语补足语：She has finished her homework.（她已经完成了她的作业。
）2. 作被动语态的动词：The book was written by a famous author.（这本书是一位著名作家写的。
）3. 作形容词，修饰名词：I was amazed by the breathtaking view.（那令人惊叹的景色使我惊讶。
）四、现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法1. 过去分词通常表示被动或完成的动作，而现在分词则表示主动或进行中的动作。
2. 现在分词可以修饰名词，与名词构成定语，而过去分词则常用作宾语补足语。
3. 现在分词常与连词while或when连用，表示与主句动作同时进行的动作；过去分词则常与连词after或before连用，表示在主句动作之前或之后完成的动作。
高考英语分词专项讲解
高考英语分词专项讲解一、考点分析非谓语动词是高中英语的基础；具体在语法填空、翻译中以具体题目出现；熟练运用非谓语动词，对于写作的基础和语汇上的丰富，也是非常大的提高。
二、专题详解1. _______ goodbye to the hosts, Brown left the house.A. SaidB. SayingC. In order to say,D. He said2. He rushed out of the room, _________ .A. criedB. for cryingC. cryingD. cries3. With everything she needed ________ , she drove back from the market-place.A. is buy,B. have boughtC. buyingD. bought4. Mrs. Bush stood ________ for a moment when her _______ dog appeared before her.A. surprised. . . . missingB. surprising. . . missedC. surprised... missedD. surprising... missingA. seating. . . watchingB. seated... watchedC. seated. . . watchingD. seating... watchedA. washing. . . washedB. to wash... washedC. to be washing. .. to washD. washed... washed7. So many problems _________ , I'm in a tight corner.A. settledB. remained to settleC. being settledD. remaining to be settledA. satisfiedB. satisfyingC. to satisfiedD. having satisfied9. The problem _______ at present has something to do with our living conditions.A. discussB. to be discussingC. being discussedD. to discuss10. If _______ green, the door might look more beautiful.A. paintB. paintedC. to paintD. painting. Keys:1-5 BCDAC 6-10 ADACB1.The flowers _______ so sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smellD. to be smell2. The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recordedA. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. knownA. indicating; interruptingB. indicated; interruptingC. indicating; interruptedD. indicated; interruptedA. being built; to repairB. built; to be repairedC. built; being repairedD. being built; to be repairedA. discussed; to be votedB. to be discussed; to be votedC. being discussed; to be votedD. discussing; being votedA. spoken; English-speakingB. spoken; English-spokenC. speaking; English-speaking :D. speaking; English-spokenA. to be comingB. to comeC. comingD. comesA. followingB. followedC. to be followedD. having followedA. pullingB. having been pulledC. pulledD. being pulledKeys: 1-5 B A D C B 6-10 C A B A CA. inspiring. .. excitingB. inspiring. .. excitedC. inspired. . . excitedD. inspired. .. excitingA. surprised. . . surprisingB. surprising. . . surprisedC. surprised. . . surprisedD. surprising... surprisingA. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worseA. openedB. openingC. lockedD. havinglocking5. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane was making a land-ing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating Keys: 1-5 B B BCCA. shutB. to shutC. shuttingD. on shuttingA. boilingB. boiledC. from boilingD. being boiledA. beatedB. beatingC. beatD. beatenA. shoutingB. shoutC. shoutedD. being shoutingA. runB. to be runningC. runningD. being running6. —Do you smell anything unusual?A. burningB. is burningC. having burntD. burn7. —Is there anything that you want to buy fromtown?—No, but I'm going to get .A. those letters mailedB. those letters mailingC. to mail those lettersD. mailing those letters8. When little Tom hurried to the classroom, he found many village people at the back of the room.A. seatB. seatingC. to seatD. seatedA. being heardB. heardC. hearingD. hearA. to stealB. to be stolenC. stealingD. stolenKeys: 1-5 AABAC 6-10 AADBD1.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports star.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. havingbeen takenA. to watchB. to watchingC. watchingD. watch4. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lackedin5. Finding her car stolen, _________ .A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help6. He sent an e-mail, ________ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope7. _________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding8. _________ his party to power for the fourth time, he becomes famous among Western leaders.A. LeadB. LeadingC. Have ledD. Havingled9. ________ his mother, the little boy stopped crying.A. SeeingB. SawC. SeenD. SeeKeys: 1-5 C A C C D 6-9 B C B A1. Once lost, ________ .A. to get such a chance is difficultB. such a chance will never come againC. one can never get such a chanceD. there'll be no such a chanceA. to waitB. having been waitedC. waitingD. being waited3. Mary left her coat ________ in the train.A. layingB. lyingC. laidD. lie4. This is the best film ________ this year.A. to showB. to be shownC. showingD. shown5. The books ________ belong to Mr. Smith.A. which is on the tableB. lying on the tableC. are on the tableD. which on the table6. Father caught the boy ________ i n the garage.A. smokeB. to smokeC. smokingD. being smoked7. —Who are those people walking along the street with banners?—A group _______ the League for Global Environment Protection.A. callingB. calledC. called itselfD. is called8. _______ for the coming examinations before, I have no time for the film.A. Not preparingB. To prepareC. Having not preparedD. Not having prepared9. ________ for half a month, the town was running out of food and clothing.A. Having floodedB. As the town had floodedC. Having been floodedD. To have been flooded10. ______ the call for help, the boys immediately rushed out to see what was going on.A. In order to hearB. HearingC. Having heardD. They heardA. hear; to postB. hearing; postC. hearing; to postD. hearing; posting12. _______ their life in the past, ours is much better.A. Comparing withB. Compared withC. To compare withD. Comparing toA. it made him read the book at onceB. he wanted to read the book at onceC. the book was immediately readD. it interested him a great deal14. _______from the hill, the whole city of Nanjing looks more beautiful.A. As people seeB. SeeingC. People see the cityD. SeenA. hopingB. to hopeC. they hopedD. hoped Keys: 1-5 BCBDB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 CBBDAA. with his hands claspingB. his hands claspedC. his hands were claspedD. as his hands claspedA. followed... guns in handB. followed... gun in handC. following... gun in handsD. following... guns in hands3. The sun _______ , the birds went into their nests.A. set downB. sets downC. settingD. sets4. ________, the lecture began.A. The listeners having taken their seatsB. Having taken their seatsC. Taking their seatsD. The listeners to take their seats5. ______ , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a manwhose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Other things were equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal6. It ________ h eavily, the game had to be delayed.A. was snowingB. snowingC. snowedD. had snowed Keys: 1-6 B BC AABA. Surrounding.. . to giveB. Having surrounded. . . giveC. Surrounded... to giveD. Surrounded. . . giveA. be. . . surprisedB. to be... surprisingC. being... surprisingD. having been. . . surprisedA. Came; to be tiedB. Having come; be tiedC. Coming; tiedD. To come; trying4. _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To seeA. be builtB. having builtC. being builtD. builtA. Autumn comes. . . to fallB. Autumn coming.. . to fallC. As autumn coming. . . fallingD. Autumn to come. . . fallingA. crossB. acrossC. crossedD. crossingA. hidingB. having hiddenC. hiddenD. to hideA. Determined. . . to workB. Determining... to be workingC. To be determined... workingD. Having determined... to workingA. ruinedB. to ruinC. ruiningD. havingbeen ruinedKeys: 1-5 D D C C D 6-10 B D C A C练习Step4. 综合训练Part 11. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boringA. looked forB. cared forC. take care ofD. cared afterA. being separatedB. having been separatedC. having separatedD. had been separatedA. tired; tiredB. tiring? tiringC. tired; tiringD. tiring; tired5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone to the system, sodoes the value of a computer system with each program that turns out.A. addingB. to have addedC. to addD. added6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keepus_______ about what is happening in the world.A. informingB. to informC. informedD. being informedA. surprised; surpriseB. surprised; surprisedC. surprised; surprisingD. surprising; surprisingA. lookingB. watch atC. fixing onD. staring atA. baseB. to be basedC. basedD. basing10.After ________ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A. finishedB. being finishedC. having finishedD. be finishingA. you will takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken12.The students, _________ their teachers, came home.A. followedB. followC. followingD. will follow13.The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people's sadness, no re-sult.A. reachedB. to reachC. would reachD. reachingA. having lockedB. lockingC. to be lockedD. lockedA. hoping to be set freeB. to set him freeC. so that be set freeD. asked to be set freeA. make; devotedB. making; devotingC. making; devotedD. make; devoting17. ________ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A. WalkingB. He was walkingC. WalkedD. When he was walkingA. of learningB. to learnC. to learningD. of to learn19. The film, ________ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people's interest all over the country.A. is based onB. is on the base ofC. which is the base ofD. based uponA. stoleB. missingC. missedD. losing1-5ABBD 6-10 CCDCC 11-15 BCDDA 16-20 CDDDBPart 2(1) _______ (give) the choice between a new Toyota Corolla or the latest iphone, 16-year-old Allison Katze of Irvine, California, says it‘s an easy call-she‘d take the phone.Texting is (2) ______ drives her social life. She doesn‘t have a driver ‘s licenses and hasn‘t rushed to get one. It‘s enough to keep an auto executive awake at night.Thirty years ago, nearly half of 16-year-olds had a driver ‘s license, their passport to independence. By 2018 that figure (3) ______ (drop) to 28 percent, according to a study by the University of Michigan.Driving once allowed teenagers ―(4) ______ (go) where you want, do want you want, see who you want and, in some sense, be who you want, ‖said Lindsey Kirchoff, 23, of marketing software company Hotspot. ― The Internet has made the freedom (5) ______ comes with a license go down dramatically.Getting a driver‘s license has also gotten a lot (6) ______ (tough). For starters, today‘s teens (7) ______ (press) for time than their parents were. Competition for college admissions means prep courses, SAT tutoring, team sports and other activities to light up college resumes.This is the Xbox generation. They probably will buy fewer cars over their lifetime than their parents did and manage their social lives as easy on the information highway (8) ______ we did on the paved highway.Keys: 1. Given 2. what 3. had dropped 4. to go 5. that/which 6. tougher 7. are pressed 8. as9. ranging。
高考英语分词用法归纳
高考英语分词用法归纳分词属于非谓语动词考点范畴，包括现在分词和过去分词。
历年高考考题中均有对分词的考查，熟悉掌握它的各种形式，学会在具体考题中正确选择是很有必要的。
一、分词的各种形式根据分词和句子某个成分之间的逻辑关系，可将分词分为主动式和被动式；根据分词动作与句子谓语动词动作发生的先后关系，可将分词分为一般式和完成式。
结合起来，分词就可以这样进行分类（以动词do为例）：（一）现在分词1234其成12）和过1例1Ⅰ）【析】答案为A作定语。
2、的被动动作，则选用过去分词。
例2．Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdeskscouldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.（07全国Ⅱ）A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【析】答案为C。
“开关课桌的”作定语修饰noise，而open和close与所修饰的对象是逻辑上的动宾关系，且与句子谓语动词hear是几乎同时发生的，故选用现在分词一般被动式beingopenedandclosed。
例3．TheTownHall inthe1800’s wasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.（07上海）A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedpletedD.beingcompleted【析】答案为C。
completedinthe1800’s是后置定语，修饰TheTownHall，与被修饰词是动宾关系，且从句子中inthe1800’s可知TheTownHall已经被建成，故选用过去分词。
（二）、作状语分词作状语，位于句首时多表示时间、原因、方式、让步、伴随、条件等；位于句尾时多表方式、伴随或结果。
一般有四种形式可选用，即一般主动式（doing）、完成主动式（havingdone）、（07是byagreatdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.（07浙江）A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven【析】答案为A。
现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析
现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析现在分词和过去分词是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。
它们在形态和用法上有一些不同之处。
本文将详细解析这两种形式的区别和用法。
一、形态上的区别1. 现在分词的形态现在分词的形态是动词的-ing形式，例如：working, playing, eating 等。
当动词作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和谓语等时，常用现在分词形式。
2. 过去分词的形态过去分词的形态通常是在动词原形的基础上加上-ed、-d、-en、-t等词尾，例如：worked, played, eaten等。
过去分词在完成时态和被动语态中常作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
二、用法上的区别1. 现在分词的用法（1）作主语：现在分词可以作为主语出现在句子中，表示正在进行或经常性的动作。
例如："Reading books is my hobby."（阅读书籍是我的爱好。
）（2）作定语：现在分词可以修饰名词作定语，常表示主动、进行或经常性的动作。
例如："The running water is very clear."（流动的水非常清澈。
）（3）作宾语补足语：现在分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表示正在进行或经常性的动作。
例如："I saw him painting the house."（我看见他正在刷房子。
）2. 过去分词的用法（1）作主语：过去分词可以作为主语出现在句子中，表示完成的动作或状态。
例如："Broken glass covered the ground."（破碎的玻璃铺满了地面。
）（2）作定语：过去分词可以修饰名词作定语，表示被动或完成的动作。
例如："The lost key has been found."（丢失的钥匙已经找到了。
）（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表示完成的动作或状态。
【专项突破】全国高考英语过去分词的用法归纳
全国高考英语过去分词的用法归纳大全（经典值得收藏）一、现在分词用法复习及过去分词用法导入1 ___________ （not know）his phone number, I wrote him a letter .（原因状语）由于不知道他的电话号码，我给他写了一封信。
2.__________ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks significant .= Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find a significant city.（时间状语）从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很壮丽。
3. _________(laugh) and_______(talk) loudly, the audience left the stadium after the match.（伴随状语）比赛结束后，观众们大声说着，笑着离开了赛场。
4. ___________ (surround) by his students , the professor sat there cheerfully .（伴随状语）那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
总结：现在分词在句子里1）作定语，2）作表语，3）作状语，4）作宾语补足语。
The girl standing by her mother looked very timid（胆小的）.This book is interesting.The news sounds exciting.I find this book interesting.I heard my sister singing that song in English outside. （宾语补足语）我听到妹妹在外面用英文唱那首歌。
二、过去分词用法举例及辨别过去分词在句子中也一样可以1）做定语，2）作表语，3）作状语，4）作宾语补足语。
英语考试过去分词和现在分词语法总结
分词也是非谓语动词之一分词在形式上不同于不定式和动名词，它有两种形式；①现在分词：动词原形＋ing（同动名词形式）②过去分词：（规则动词）动词原形＋ed （不规则动词）构成没有什么规律分词也和不定式和动名词一样，在句子中不能作谓语但它还保留一部分动词性质，它可以带自已的状语和宾语，有时也有它自己单独的逻辑上的主语例：（1）He saw the thief stealing the books from the book shop.（带状语）他看见这个贼正在书店偷书。
（2）Hearing the news he jumped.（带宾语）听到这个消息，他跳了起来。
( 3 ) Li Ming being late, we had to wait.（带逻辑主语）李明迟到了，我们只好等他。
另外，分词具有形容词和副词性质，它可以在句子中担任表语、定语、状语和宾补。
The story is interesting. I'm interested in it.这个故事很有趣，我对它感兴趣。
（作表语）This is a moving film.这是一部感人的电影。
（作定语）The woman dressed in blue is my sister.穿着蓝衣服的妇女是我姐姐。
（作定语）The secretary worked late into the night，preparing a long speech for the president.（作状语）秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备一篇长的发言稿。
Given more attention, the trees could havegrown better.如果再多加注意，这些树会长得更好。
（作状语）When he passed the bank, he saw the thiefstealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）当他经过银行时看见这个贼正在偷钱。
高考英语分词用法归纳
高考英语分词用法归纳分词作为英语语法中的一个重要部分，具有广泛的应用。
在高考英语中，分词的使用非常频繁，对于考生来说，掌握分词的用法是非常重要的。
本文将从分词的基本概念、形式变化、用法等方面进行归纳总结，以帮助考生更好地应对高考英语中的分词题。
一、分词的概念分词（Participle）是动词的一种非谓语形式，它具有动词和形容词的性质。
分词根据其形式和用法的不同，可以分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
二、现在分词的形式变化及用法现在分词的形式变化为动词的-ing形式，通常与助动词be连用，表示主动或进行的动作。
在句中可以作定语、状语或表语。
1. 做定语时，现在分词修饰名词或代词，表示被修饰词的性质或特征。
例如：- The interesting book is on the table.（有趣的书在桌子上。
）- The running boy is my brother.（跑步的男孩是我的兄弟。
）2. 做状语时，现在分词表示与主句动作同时或递进发生的动作。
例如：- He reads a book, humming a song.（他边看书边哼歌。
）- The students walked into the classroom, chatting and laughing.（学生们边走进教室边聊天笑。
）3. 做表语时，现在分词与系动词be连用，表示主语的状态或特征。
例如：- The little girl is sleeping.（小女孩正在睡觉。
）- The house is being renovated.（房子正在装修。
）三、过去分词的形式变化及用法过去分词的形式变化有规律变化和不规则变化两种，通常与助动词have、be等连用，表示被动、完成或状态。
在句中可以作定语、状语或表语。
1. 有规律变化的过去分词：动词原形+ed或d（尾音是e的直接加d）。
例如：- The broken window needs to be fixed.（那个破窗户需要修理。
高考英语 考前回顾之之过去分词与现在分词用法异同
二、分词作表语
共同点：分词作表语时，位于系动词后，它起着形容词的作用。 不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，表外界对人的感觉，过去分词表人对外界的感觉。
常见的这类此有： 主语是物 人 face smile look voice expression interesting — interested encouraging — encouraged delighting—delighted disappointing—disappointed pleasing—pleased puzzling—puzzled satisfying—satisfied surprising—surprised worrying--worried
1.This news sounds ____. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因为 sounds 在此句中用作连系动词；再根据 The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。 2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析：首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴; 换言之, 他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应选C。 3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very ____. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。
高考英语非谓语动词讲解(现在分词与过去分词)
现在分词与过去分词一、现在分词的时态和语态一般式被动式完成时完成被动式二、分词的句子成分分词具有形容词和副词的特征, 在句子中可以做语、语、语或语等。
(1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president .(2) Given more time , I’ll do it better . (3) Having been punished by the teacher,he was very sad.(4) The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .(5) This is a moving film .(6) When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .(7) The classroom was quite noisy. I couldn’t have myself heard.三、现在分词与过去分词的区别1. Do you know the man talking to Tom ? China is a developing country and America is a developed one.2. （see）from the hill , the city looks beautiful and （see）from the hill , you can see the whole city . 总结：现在分词表示和，过去分词表示和。
每个分词都有其逻辑主语，找准其逻辑主语才能确定主动与被动。
1、分词作表语时看The news sounds (encourage）and we are all ( encourage).2、分词作定语时看The Olympic Games , (first play) in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .On a (freeze) morning the little match girl was found (freeze) at the corner of the street.He managed to make himself (understand)with his (break)English.3、分词作状语时看The girl is walking in the supermarket, (take) by a young woman (take) a red handbag.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , ____ (add) that he had enjoyed his stay here .The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______(turn) to his father.( Feel)hot, he left only his stomach (cover) with a piece of cloth.4、分词作宾补时看All of us noticed the boy (steal) a bike,and we also saw him (catch) soon._____ (Leave)some of the questions (unanswer), the Premier said goodbye to us.The speaker raised his voi ce, but he still couldn’t make himself ________(hear) .5、分词作主补时看The next morning the man was found ______ (lie) in bed , dead .Babies are not encouraged (look after) like that.6、独立主格结构看The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______（close）and his hands ______（tremble）.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______(fill) his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ (hide) in his heart .四、分词作表语1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：The news is interesting and he is interested in it . We were all frightened at the frightening news. 2）常作表语的过去分词amused , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married ,worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drunk五、注意四种结构have something to do 有某事要做，have something done 使某事被做, have something to be donehave somebody do something 使某人做某事，have sb. doing 让某人一直做着六、需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词常见的这样的词有：seat , dress ,prepare , hide 如：I seated myself on the chairThe clever boy hid himself under the bed and escaped punishment (being punished).七、分词与不定式做状语的区别分词表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等,不定式表示目的和结果。
高考英语分词专项讲解
高考英语分词专项讲解一、考点分析非谓语动词是高中英语的基础；具体在语法填空、翻译中以具体题目出现；熟练运用非谓语动词，对于写作的基础和语汇上的丰富，也是非常大的提高。
二、专题详解1. _______ goodbye to the hosts, Brown left the house.A. SaidB. SayingC. In order to say,D. He said2. He rushed out of the room, _________ .A. criedB. for cryingC. cryingD. cries3. With everything she needed ________ , she drove back from the market-place.A. is buy,B. have boughtC. buyingD. bought4. Mrs. Bush stood ________ for a moment when her _______ dog appeared before her.A. surprised. . . . missingB. surprising. . . missedC. surprised... missedD. surprising... missingA. seating. . . watchingB. seated... watchedC. seated. . . watchingD. seating... watchedA. washing. . . washedB. to wash... washedC. to be washing. .. to washD. washed... washed7. So many problems _________ , I'm in a tight corner.A. settledB. remained to settleC. being settledD. remaining to be settledA. satisfiedB. satisfyingC. to satisfiedD. having satisfied9. The problem _______ at present has something to do with our living conditions.A. discussB. to be discussingC. being discussedD. to discuss10. If _______ green, the door might look more beautiful.A. paintB. paintedC. to paintD. painting. Keys:1-5 BCDAC 6-10 ADACB1.The flowers _______ so sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smellD. to be smell2. The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recordedA. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. knownA. indicating; interruptingB. indicated; interruptingC. indicating; interruptedD. indicated; interruptedA. being built; to repairB. built; to be repairedC. built; being repairedD. being built; to be repairedA. discussed; to be votedB. to be discussed; to be votedC. being discussed; to be votedD. discussing; being votedA. spoken; English-speakingB. spoken; English-spokenC. speaking; English-speaking :D. speaking; English-spokenA. to be comingB. to comeC. comingD. comesA. followingB. followedC. to be followedD. having followedA. pullingB. having been pulledC. pulledD. being pulledKeys: 1-5 B A D C B 6-10 C A B A CA. inspiring. .. excitingB. inspiring. .. excitedC. inspired. . . excitedD. inspired. .. excitingA. surprised. . . surprisingB. surprising. . . surprisedC. surprised. . . surprisedD. surprising... surprisingA. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worseA. openedB. openingC. lockedD. havinglocking5. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane was making a land-ing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating Keys: 1-5 B B BCCA. shutB. to shutC. shuttingD. on shuttingA. boilingB. boiledC. from boilingD. being boiledA. beatedB. beatingC. beatD. beatenA. shoutingB. shoutC. shoutedD. being shoutingA. runB. to be runningC. runningD. being running6. —Do you smell anything unusual?A. burningB. is burningC. having burntD. burn7. —Is there anything that you want to buy fromtown?—No, but I'm going to get .A. those letters mailedB. those letters mailingC. to mail those lettersD. mailing those letters8. When little Tom hurried to the classroom, he found many village people at the back of the room.A. seatB. seatingC. to seatD. seatedA. being heardB. heardC. hearingD. hearA. to stealB. to be stolenC. stealingD. stolenKeys: 1-5 AABAC 6-10 AADBD1.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports star.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. havingbeen takenA. to watchB. to watchingC. watchingD. watch4. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lackedin5. Finding her car stolen, _________ .A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help6. He sent an e-mail, ________ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope7. _________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding8. _________ his party to power for the fourth time, he becomes famous among Western leaders.A. LeadB. LeadingC. Have ledD. Havingled9. ________ his mother, the little boy stopped crying.A. SeeingB. SawC. SeenD. SeeKeys: 1-5 C A C C D 6-9 B C B A1. Once lost, ________ .A. to get such a chance is difficultB. such a chance will never come againC. one can never get such a chanceD. there'll be no such a chanceA. to waitB. having been waitedC. waitingD. being waited3. Mary left her coat ________ in the train.A. layingB. lyingC. laidD. lie4. This is the best film ________ this year.A. to showB. to be shownC. showingD. shown5. The books ________ belong to Mr. Smith.A. which is on the tableB. lying on the tableC. are on the tableD. which on the table6. Father caught the boy ________ i n the garage.A. smokeB. to smokeC. smokingD. being smoked7. —Who are those people walking along the street with banners?—A group _______ the League for Global Environment Protection.A. callingB. calledC. called itselfD. is called8. _______ for the coming examinations before, I have no time for the film.A. Not preparingB. To prepareC. Having not preparedD. Not having prepared9. ________ for half a month, the town was running out of food and clothing.A. Having floodedB. As the town had floodedC. Having been floodedD. To have been flooded10. ______ the call for help, the boys immediately rushed out to see what was going on.A. In order to hearB. HearingC. Having heardD. They heardA. hear; to postB. hearing; postC. hearing; to postD. hearing; posting12. _______ their life in the past, ours is much better.A. Comparing withB. Compared withC. To compare withD. Comparing toA. it made him read the book at onceB. he wanted to read the book at onceC. the book was immediately readD. it interested him a great deal14. _______from the hill, the whole city of Nanjing looks more beautiful.A. As people seeB. SeeingC. People see the cityD. SeenA. hopingB. to hopeC. they hopedD. hoped Keys: 1-5 BCBDB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 CBBDAA. with his hands claspingB. his hands claspedC. his hands were claspedD. as his hands claspedA. followed... guns in handB. followed... gun in handC. following... gun in handsD. following... guns in hands3. The sun _______ , the birds went into their nests.A. set downB. sets downC. settingD. sets4. ________, the lecture began.A. The listeners having taken their seatsB. Having taken their seatsC. Taking their seatsD. The listeners to take their seats5. ______ , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a manwhose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Other things were equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal6. It ________ h eavily, the game had to be delayed.A. was snowingB. snowingC. snowedD. had snowed Keys: 1-6 B BC AABA. Surrounding.. . to giveB. Having surrounded. . . giveC. Surrounded... to giveD. Surrounded. . . giveA. be. . . surprisedB. to be... surprisingC. being... surprisingD. having been. . . surprisedA. Came; to be tiedB. Having come; be tiedC. Coming; tiedD. To come; trying4. _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To seeA. be builtB. having builtC. being builtD. builtA. Autumn comes. . . to fallB. Autumn coming.. . to fallC. As autumn coming. . . fallingD. Autumn to come. . . fallingA. crossB. acrossC. crossedD. crossingA. hidingB. having hiddenC. hiddenD. to hideA. Determined. . . to workB. Determining... to be workingC. To be determined... workingD. Having determined... to workingA. ruinedB. to ruinC. ruiningD. havingbeen ruinedKeys: 1-5 D D C C D 6-10 B D C A C练习Step4. 综合训练Part 11. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boringA. looked forB. cared forC. take care ofD. cared afterA. being separatedB. having been separatedC. having separatedD. had been separatedA. tired; tiredB. tiring? tiringC. tired; tiringD. tiring; tired5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone to the system, sodoes the value of a computer system with each program that turns out.A. addingB. to have addedC. to addD. added6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keepus_______ about what is happening in the world.A. informingB. to informC. informedD. being informedA. surprised; surpriseB. surprised; surprisedC. surprised; surprisingD. surprising; surprisingA. lookingB. watch atC. fixing onD. staring atA. baseB. to be basedC. basedD. basing10.After ________ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A. finishedB. being finishedC. having finishedD. be finishingA. you will takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken12.The students, _________ their teachers, came home.A. followedB. followC. followingD. will follow13.The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people's sadness, no re-sult.A. reachedB. to reachC. would reachD. reachingA. having lockedB. lockingC. to be lockedD. lockedA. hoping to be set freeB. to set him freeC. so that be set freeD. asked to be set freeA. make; devotedB. making; devotingC. making; devotedD. make; devoting17. ________ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A. WalkingB. He was walkingC. WalkedD. When he was walkingA. of learningB. to learnC. to learningD. of to learn19. The film, ________ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people's interest all over the country.A. is based onB. is on the base ofC. which is the base ofD. based uponA. stoleB. missingC. missedD. losing1-5ABBD 6-10 CCDCC 11-15 BCDDA 16-20 CDDDBPart 2(1) _______ (give) the choice between a new Toyota Corolla or the latest iphone, 16-year-old Allison Katze of Irvine, California, says it‘s an easy call-she‘d take the phone.Texting is (2) ______ drives her social life. She doesn‘t have a driver ‘s licenses and hasn‘t rushed to get one. It‘s enough to keep an auto executive awake at night.Thirty years ago, nearly half of 16-year-olds had a driver ‘s license, their passport to independence. By 2018 that figure (3) ______ (drop) to 28 percent, according to a study by the University of Michigan.Driving once allowed teenagers ―(4) ______ (go) where you want, do want you want, see who you want and, in some sense, be who you want, ‖said Lindsey Kirchoff, 23, of marketing software company Hotspot. ― The Internet has made the freedom (5) ______ comes with a license go down dramatically.Getting a driver‘s license has also gotten a lot (6) ______ (tough). For starters, today‘s teens (7) ______ (press) for time than their parents were. Competition for college admissions means prep courses, SAT tutoring, team sports and other activities to light up college resumes.This is the Xbox generation. They probably will buy fewer cars over their lifetime than their parents did and manage their social lives as easy on the information highway (8) ______ we did on the paved highway.Keys: 1. Given 2. what 3. had dropped 4. to go 5. that/which 6. tougher 7. are pressed 8. as9. ranging。
大鱼文库高考英语知识讲解：现在分词和过去分词
高考总复习：现在分词和过去分词知识讲解现在分词的时态过去分词没有时态形式的变化，此处只讲现在分词的时态形式。
一般式：doing完成式: having done完成被动式：having been done现在分词一般式表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。
Working together with Dr. Bethune, we learnt a lot from him. Knowing that they were going abroad next week, they began to make preparations.He came up to me，saying “Glad to see you again.”现在分词完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。
Having done his homework, the schoolboy began to write his diary. (having done his homework发生在began之前，表示时间。
)Not having done it right, I tried again. (not having done发生在tried 之前，表示原因。
)Having been told to keep silent, they didn’t say a word.分词的否定结构现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成：Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher for help.I left at noon, not staying for lunch.过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。
The boy was left uncared for.区别动名词和现在分词二者形式完全相同，都是由动词原形加-ing构成。
高考过去分词vs现在分词考点精析
过去分词vs 现在分词考点精析撰稿：蔡朗琴责编：牛新阁现在分词与动名词现在多被统称为动词-ing形式，是-ing形式中相当于形容词和副词的用法的那一部分。
现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。
众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。
这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。
细述如下：语法点拨两种分词：现在分词 doing和过去分词 done。
分词具有动词的特征：可以带宾语和状语构成短语。
如：waiting there（动状关系）。
本专题必须掌握：①动词分词的基本形式――时态和语态的变化，比如一般式、完成式、被动式等。
②它们在句中的功能――充当什么成分，特别是在某些特定结构中应用哪一种动词分词。
分词的时态与语态(l)现在分词有一般式与完成式，及物动词的现在分词有主动语态与被动语态，不及物动词的现在分词主动语态被动语态一般式doing being done现在分词完成式having done having been done 过去分词done(2)现在分词主要表示①主动②动作正在进行，过去分词主要表示①被动②动作已经完成，但是不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作完成或状态，没有被动的意思。
The man standing there is our group leader.正站在那边的人是我们的组长．(主动，进行)This is the house built by my father last year. (被动，完成)区别：boiling water 正在开的水 boiled water 开水（开过了）注：boil vi 沸腾试译：China is a developing country while the United States is a developed country.falling leaves和fallen leavesthe rising sun和the risen sun（Keys：中国是发展中国家而美国是发达国家。
非谓语动词语法(现在分词和过去分词)知识点总结讲义- 高考英语语法专题学习
高中英语新高考语法专题学习讲义非谓语动词语法（现在分词和过去分词）知识点总结现在分词•名称：现在分词 (Present Participle)•形式：原动词后加 -ing 后缀 (v. + -ing)•范例：原型→ play；现在分词→ playing•词性：形容词性或副词性•形容词性现在分词的表意：做着某事的（如：playing 可表达“玩耍着的”）•副词性现在分词的表意：做着某事（如：playing 也可表示“玩耍着”）形容词性现在分词例句：) is (系) a Boeing 777 (表).正飞过我们头顶的飞机是一架波音 777。
Somebody (主) is trapped (谓) in that burning house (有人被困在那栋燃烧着的房子里。
形容词性的现在分词往往在句子中承担定语的角色。
作为定语，现在分词既可以前置也可以后置，也就是说，既可以在被限定的名词之前，也可以在其后。
比如以上的两个例句中，第一句的 flying over our head 用来限定它前面的 the aircraft，而第二句中的 burning 限定的却是它后面的 house。
副词性现在分词例句：He (主) took (谓) a glance (宾), thinking of the girl he once knew.他看了一眼，想着以前认识的那个女孩。
Considering your health, you (主) had better have (谓) a rest (宾).考虑到你的身体状况，你最好歇一会儿。
副词性的现在分词在句中作非谓语动词时，表达的意思往往有“一边……一边做着某事”的感觉。
比如第一句例句，我们也可以将它翻译为“他一边看了一眼，一边想着以前认识的那个女孩”。
第二句其实同样可以先初步翻译为“一边考虑着你的健康，你最好歇一会儿”，然后通过理解和重新组织，将它进一步优化为“考虑到你的身体状况，你最好歇一会儿”。
高考语法分词知识点
高考语法分词知识点语法分词是高考英语中的一个重要知识点，对于学生提高英语语法水平和应对高考考试有着重要的意义。
本文将介绍高考语法分词的相关知识点，并提供一些例句帮助学生更好地理解和应用。
一、什么是分词分词是动词的一种形式，具有动词和形容词的特征。
根据其形式和功能，分词分为现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词的形式为动词的ing形式，过去分词则是动词的第三人称单数形式。
分词可以作为定语、表语、宾语补足语等，起到修饰名词或代词的作用。
二、现在分词的用法1. 作定语现在分词可以修饰名词或代词，表示被修饰词的性质、特征或状态。
例如：- The crying baby is hungry.（哭泣的婴儿很饿。
）- A running horse is fast.（奔跑的马很快。
）2. 作表语现在分词可以作为系动词be的表语，表示主语的状态或特征。
例如：- She is interesting in painting.（她对绘画感兴趣。
）- The movie is boring.（这部电影很无聊。
）3. 作宾语补足语现在分词可以作动词的宾语补足语，表示宾语的状态或特征。
通常与一些感官动词（see, hear, feel, watch, notice等）连用。
例如：- I saw him walking in the park.（我看到他在公园散步。
）- She heard the children singing happily.（她听到孩子们快乐地唱歌。
）三、过去分词的用法1. 作定语过去分词可以修饰名词或代词，表示被修饰词所受到的动作或作用。
例如：- The broken glass should be cleaned up.（破碎的玻璃应该清理掉。
）- The lost key has been found.（丢失的钥匙已经找到。
）2. 作表语过去分词可以作为系动词be的表语，表示主语的状态或特征。
例如：- The book is written by a famous author.（这本书是由一位著名的作家所写的。
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现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。
众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。
这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。
细述如下：分词有两种：现在分词 doing和过去分词 done。
分词动词具有动词的特征：可以带宾语和状语构成短语。
如：waiting there（动状关系）。
本专题必须掌握：①动词分词的基本形式――时态和语态的变化，比如一般式、完成式、被动式等。
②它们在句中的功能――充当什么成分，特别是在某些特定结构中应用哪一种动词分词。
动词分词的时态与语态分词的时态与语态形式(l)现在分词有一般式与完成式，及物动词的现在分词有主动语态与被动语态，不及物动词的现在分词没有被动语态。
过去分词只有一种形式。
物动词的过去分词只表示动作完成或状态，没有被动的意思。
The man standing there is our group leader.正站在那边的人是我们的组长．(主动，进行)This is the house built by my father last year. (被动，完成)区别boiling water 正在开的水 boiled water 开水（开过了）注：boil vi 沸腾试译：China is a developing country while the United States is a developed country.falling leaves和fallen leaves, the rising sun和the risen sun.(3)现在分词的一般式常表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时也可以先于或后于谓语动词的动作。
The man talking with our teacher is his father. (与谓语动作同时发生)Sitting in an armchair, he told me he would go abroad. (在谓语动作之前发生)坐在扶手椅上他对我说他将出国。
He told me he would stand by the roadside, watching the parade.他告诉我他将站在路边，观看游行．（与被修饰的从句谓语动词would stand同时发生，都表示过去将来时间）The man rose from the ground, beating the dust off his clothes.那个男子从地上站了起来，拍掉衣服上的尘土。
（分词动作后于谓语动作）(4)现在分词的完成式表示动作先于谓语的动作发生，常用作时间状语和原因状语。
Having finished my homework, I went to bed. 我做完作业以后，就上床睡觉了。
Having met with an accident，he couldn’t go to school．由于遇到意外事故，他不能上学．注：现在分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，一般用它的完成式表示。
Not having seen her before, he did not know she was his daughter.由于他从前从未见过她，他不知道她是他的女儿。
Having missed the bus, we had to walk home.由于误了公共汽车，我们只得走回家。
相对于过去分词来讲，动词的-ing形式形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富，功能较多，最能体现英语独特的形式特征，又极易给考生带来麻烦，因此，命题人热衷于使用它们作为考查工具就不足为怪了（每年平均有2-3个题目）。
不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。
经典解析：The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______at the end of last March.A．has been launched B．having been launchedC．being launched D．to be launched【正确思路】B 去年三月发射的，和谓语动词有明显的前后差异，动作在前，故用分词完成式，所以选B。
非谓语动词的句法功能及比较非谓语动词的句法功能如下表：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补分词××√√√√说明：分词具有形容词和副词的特征。
作表语现在分词（分词短语不能作表语）作表语表示主语的性质或特征，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态。
The basketball match was exciting. 令人兴奋的We are excited at the good news. (人)感到兴奋的The book is interesting. I’m interested in it.★考点：区别由现在分词和过去分词转化而来的形容词。
注：excited vt. 使……兴奋move vt. 感动frighten vt. 使……害怕tire vt. 使疲劳, 使厌烦surprise vt. 使……吃惊astonish vt. 使……惊讶，惊愕satisfy vt. 使……满意disappoint vt. 使……失望interest vt使……发生兴趣please vt. 使……高兴inspire vt. 鼓舞小结：修饰人的表情，眼神，眼泪，声音时，却要用-ed形式。
经典解析：Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. to seatB. to be seatedC. seatingD. seated【正确思路】D seat，坐下。
当它表示形容词概念时，只有seated一种形式，故选D。
若用现在分词形式和不定式形式，则需要用动词sit。
作定语（非谓语动词都能作定语）(1) 区别现在分词和过去分词做定语牢记：现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，现在分词表示①主动②进行，过去分词表示①被动②完成，但Vi的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动（即表示主动的动作已经完成）。
(2)注：现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，它们的区别主要体现在时间上：现在分词强调正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。
本例中这三种形式与（所修饰的名词）会议存在被动关系。
它们都可以改成一个相应的限制性定语从句。
即经典解析：The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed【正确思路】D 过去分词在此作定语，表示被动关系，故选C。
作状语(1) __________ (see) from the top of the hill, we could see a beautiful city.__________ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looked beautiful.Key: Seeing; Seen牢记：分词（短语）作状语时，常位于句首（也可位于句末），并用逗号隔开。
用现在分词还是过去分词一要看分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间的主被动关系。
二要看分词所表示的动作与谓语动作之间的时间先后关系。
口诀：主动用-ing, 被动用-ed;但被动如为完成或进行时，要用现在分词被动形式别忘记。
(2)分词短语作状语表示伴随状况或方式时(分词动作对谓语动词进行补充说明)，可以改成一个并列谓语。
We stood there, watching the football match.=We stood there and watched the football match.The glass fell to the ground, broken to pieces. 玻璃杯掉到地上碎了。
Her husband died, leaving her three children. 他的丈夫死了，给她留下三个孩子。
经典解析：As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _______, and asked myself what I was going to do.A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved【正确思路】B 本句里stood和asked是由and连接的并列谓语，而空是由两个逗号格开的，形式上看不是并列谓语，只能作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，故选B。
作宾补(1)(有时) He had his horse running all day. 他让他的马整天跑。
（主动，持续）现在分词和过去分词都可以用在“Vt.+宾语+宾补”结构中作宾补。
这时我们要分析宾语和宾补之间的关系。
用现在分词表示两者存在主动关系和动作正在进行（有时表示动作一直持续，常带段时间状语）；用过去分词表示存在被动关系。
能用现在分词作宾补的动词常见的有see，hear，watch，notice，find, feel, smell以及keep，set，leave等。
（现在分词强调动作正在进行或一直持续）We saw him coming. 我看见他正过来。
They had their lights burning all night long. 他们让灯整夜亮着。
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外面雨中等着。
(使……处于什么状态)(2) 以下对非谓语动词作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语列表归纳总结：注：“√”为宾补范围；表格中非谓语形式序号即为说明中序号。
①②③④说明do done doing to do 使用②作宾补时，宾语为宾补动作的承受者，其余作宾补时，宾语为宾补动作的执行者let √较少使用被动语态，即使用，宾补也不带to make √√变为被动语态时，①要加to, ②的形式不变see, watch,noticeobserve, look at,hear, listen to etc. √√√1.变为被动态时，①要加to；②③的形式不变。