上海高级口译笔试试题
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中文化历史(一)
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中文化历史(一)(总分：100.02，做题时间：90分钟)一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：40.00)A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar". We scramble to "keep up with the Joneses". The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world"s supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world"s population but consume over a third of the world"s energy. These are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of material things.（分数：40.00）(1).A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit.（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：人们常常批评美国文化过分热衷于物质产品，却忽略了人的精神需求。
上海高级口译考试笔试阶段真题
2003.9上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 MINUTES)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Good morning, class! As you remember, last week we talked about the ________ (1). Today we're going to start talking about how radio advertisers ________ (2) to get us to buy the products they're selling. There are so many emotions that advertisements ________ (3). To affect a particular emotion, advertisers make what we call an emotional appeal. Today I'm going to ________ (4) that are often used to influence us to buy. I think you'll find it interesting because I've brought with me some ________ (5) to play for you as examples. OK, let's get started.One of the most popular emotional appeals that advertisers use is ________ (6). We all like to hear funny stories, so by ________ (7), the advertisers hope that that we'll remember it and will, therefore, remember the product. But ________ (8) is the importance of fitting the fight emotional appeal with ________ (9). In the case of humor, it wouldn't be appropriate to make a funny ad for a serious product. Like, say, a law firm that ________ (10). You wouldn't want to use humor to advertise that.Now let's talk about another appeal—the ________ (11). By thriftiness I'm talking about ________ (12). Most shoppers are more likely to buy something if it's on she than if ________ (13). Here is an advertisement for a furniture store that's ________ (14). Notice how the advertisement gets the listener to ________ (15). In fact the ad talks only about prices and not about ________ (16) or what the store specializes in.The last kind of ad is the advertisement that ________ (17). Our egos make us do things to look good in front of others. For example, we might ________ (18) to look rich, or we might join a health club ________ (19), all because we want to look good. This desire is so strong that advertisers often create ads that speak to our egos. They focus on this question: How does this product ________ (20)?Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write' the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) Because it carries only good news.(B) Because it is a mainstream newspaper.© Because it represents objective journalism.(D) Because it-tells both sides of a story.2. (A) He's writing for the Community News.(B) He's planning to publish a new newspaper.© He's bored with the bad news he reads all the time.(D) He's come up with an alternative to mainstream newspapers.3. (A) It doesn't report all facts.(B) It contains too much tabloid journalism.© It focuses on truly objective reporting.(D) It goes for the most sensational news.4. (A) Because there is the daily increase of crime incidence.(B) Because there is a tendency to go for sensational news.© Because there is the widespread tendency to favor objective reporting.(D) Because there is a superficial element in the positive stories.5. (A) By covering only certain types of event such as a fire.(B) By making good news out of scandals and murder.© By not telling the positive side of things.(D) By giving people only useful information.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) There will be seven nations added to the military alliance.(B) The expansion has failed to be approved by the US Senate.© The US House of Representatives will vote on the protocol soon.(D) Canada and Norway have already ratified the expansion.7. (A) Japan's staunch diplomatic support for the US in the war in Iraq.(B) A scheduled meeting between the top leaders of Japan and the US.© A proposed solution to the North Korea issue,(D) Japan's participation in the reconstruction of Iraq.8. (A) A Palestinian man was shot dead by Israeli soldiers.(B) A woman was killed when harvesting crops with her daughter.© A new security zone was set up to protect a Jewish Settlement.(D) A big fire broke out ahead of a US push for Mideast peace.9. (A) Inquiry into the landing of the Russian Soyuz craft was under way.(B) Russians were involved in investigating the causes of the Columbia shuttle crash. © There might be great difficulties in the inquiry work.(D) No US experts had been invited to take part in the inquiry.10. (A) 11. (B) 27.© 30. (D) 31.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) American. (B) British.© Russian. (D) German.12. (A) Engineering. (B) Astrology.© Chemistry. (D) Physics.13. (A) A technologist. (B) An engineer.© A university professor. (D) A laborotrary assistant.14. (A) Swimming. (B) Cycling.© Running. (D) Weight-lifting.15. (A) 30,000. (B) 13,000.© 3,000. (D) l,300.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) 1902. (B) 1938.© 1982. (D) 1985.17. (A) It is impolite for the host to offer food first.(B) The host does not offer again if the guest refuses food.© It is polite for guests to refuse even if they want more.(D) The host usually does not offer food to guests.18. (A)You don't pour your neighbor a glass if you are a woman.(B) You think twice about which hand to use if you pour the wine.© You should pour the wine with your fight hand.(D) You can fill everyone else's glasses, but not your own.19. (A) To keep one hand in your lap with the right hand holding the fork.(B) To put both elbows on the table, holding the knife and fork in hands..© To rest your wrists on the edge of the table.(D) It's not mentioned in the talk.20. (A) To position your knife and fork close together on the side of the plate or diagonally.(B) To cross your knife and fork on the plate with the fork facing UP underneath.© To cross your knife and fork on the plate with the fork facing down underneath.(D) To put your knife and fork down on opposite sides of the plate.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), © or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Here's a tag you don't see much, but should: "Made in Outer Space." Thanks to the commercial minds inside NASA, many of Earth's consumer goods have distant origins in the U.S. space program. There's Zen perfume from Shiseido, derived from a 1998 shuttle experiment that found that a rose's scent changes outside' the atmosphere. There are shock-resistant shoes - made by Modellista—that use a special foam of NASA origin. And Berlei's Shock Absorber sports bra claimed (accurately) in an ad featuring tennis bombshell Anna Kournikova that it was made with NASA technology.All good fun. But in the aftermath of the Columbia disaster, the value of commercial research on missions has come into question. STS-107 - the final flight of the Columbia - had 80 experiments on board, including five that were conducted by the astronauts for private companies, funded almost entirely by NASA. One was for International Flavors & Fragrances (IFF), which extracted the smell of a rose in space and was back seeking new scents. The other commercial experiments involved studies of ways to fight fire using fine Water mist, grow proteins with greater resilience to disease, manufacture crystals for such uses as hydrogen fuel storage and advance cancer-cell research. Is all this worth pursuing in space? The Bush administration doesn't think so: even before the Columbia went down, it had announced unspecified cuts in NASA's product-development program, even as it raised the agency's overall budget to $15.5 billion. The 2004 proposal deemed the commercial programpurely "promotional."NASA cites the societal benefits of commercial spinoffs when justifying the cost of manned space flight, now about $550 million per shuttle mission. The idea of searching for profit in space originally came from Congress, which created a program to trarrsfer NASA technology to the private sector back in 1962. That evolved into NASA's Space Product Development Program, which now works with more than 160 companies, including the likes of Ford and Hewlett-Packard. Since 1976 NASA has heralded more than 1,300 examples of "successfully commercialized technology" in an' annual magazine called Spinoff. Space enthusiasts claim spinoffs earn a six fold return on the cost of shuttle flights, a claim even a NASA spokesperson says he could not confirm.The truth is that the economic boost from spinoffs is untraceable. The Berlei bra, for instance, uses a DuPont material called CoolMax, which was derived from a fabric developed to improve thermal clothing by Outlast Technologies in collaboration with NASA's Johnson Space Center. The proportion of Berlei bra sales accurately described as a NASA "spinoff" is anyone's guess, but critics say returns can't even come close to covering the cost of a shuttle flight.It is easy enough to spoof manned missions that explore space perfume or the insulation used in race cars on the NASCAR circuit. It's harder to dismiss space-based innovations like the MicroMed DeBakey VAD heart pump, or the Lifesaving Light, a novel treatment for brain tumors. Lance Bush, NASA's International Space Station commercial development manager, says this "isn't about NASA" or promoting its missions - the point is simply to make its resources "available to the broadest part of the public." Industry now pays $50 million of the $5 billion annual cost of the manned program. Let the private sector "worry about the profits," he says.The problem is that companies don't worry about profits either, if NASA foots nearly all the costs. IFF declines to discuss its costs for the space rose experiments. Micro-Cool general manager Mike Lemche says its share of the costs to study firefighting mist on the Columbia was "too little to count." And this is a $2 million company that isn't even in the firefighting business yet. Lemche admits the lure of entering the billion-dollar fire-prevention industry through NASA-funded research was too good to pass up. Who wouldn't take a free ride in space? The question for NASA is whether these space ventures make sense if they don't make money. The answer is probably not, when there are lives at risk.1. The author invented the tag "Made in Outer Space" ironically so as ________.(A) to introduce the theme of the article(B) to explain the value of commercial research in NASA's practice© to criticize NASA's product development program(D) to display the achievements of NASA's commercial development2. According to the passage, after the Columbia disaster, NASA's product-development program ________.(A) has been given new momentum(B) has been under heavy fire© has been producing more societal benefits(D) has been put aside3. When the author mentions 80 experiments on board the final flight of the Columbia, he implies that ________.(A) commercial experiments are most successful on space missions(B) the resources of space missions should be made available to the public© these experiments are of great significance to technological progress(D) the value of such experiments can not be compared with that of the astronauts' lives4. It can be concluded that the tone of the passage is ________.(A) complimentary (B) encouraging© critical (D) pessimistic5. Which of the following can NOT be true according to the passage?(A) Opinions differ over the returns on the cost of shuttle flights.(B) Economic promotion from space-based innovations is not confirmed.© Neither NASA nor companies worry about profits from shuttle experiments.(D) The experiments on space missions were largely funded by companies.Questions 6-10David Blunkett, the Home Secretary,, has been accused of confusing the public over crime by scrapping police league tables in favour of a series of complicated "spidergrams" measuring performance. The indicators are intended to provide a clearer picture of the achievements of chief constables by grouping and comparing police forces of similar size and population. But the new approach was immediately denounced for being selective in its use of performance indicators and for further clouding the debate on crime. Simon Hughes, the Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman, said the system had been "built by bureaucrats, for bureaucrats". He said: "They don't do much for the public's understanding of policing." Oliver Letwin, the shadow Home Secretary, described the approach as confusing. He said: "This will not aid the fight against crime, it will merely multiply bureaucracy." The Police Federation said the five key policing areas in the spidergrams gave an incomplete picture. Jan Berry, who chairs the federation, said: "There is a whole range of activity that has not been measured but which will impact on operational policing."Other than the Home Office, the only group of people that appeared happy with the new arrangements were the 43 chief constables of England and Wales, who had previously been concerned at the proposals to analyse their performance. Mr. Blunkett created anxiety among senior officers when, shortly after he became Home Secretary, he announced at a police summit in July 2001 that he was setting up a standards unit to identify failing forces and sweep away arcane practices.But the Association of Chief Police Officers (Acpo) appeared relaxed yesterday when John Denham, the minister responsible for crime reduction, unveiled the new Policing Performance Assessment Framework, as drawn up by the Home Office's policing standards unit. Backing the performance monitors, Denis O'Connor, Acpo's vice-president, said they were "yet another method of keeping the public more informed on matters of local force performance." The crystal-shaped spider grams are designed to give citizens a visible indicator of how well the police force in their area is performing. In almost all cases, they showed that forces in "similar" areas did have similar records.Chief constables had disapproved of the use of league tables. They complained that they provoked unfair criticism because they did not compare like with like. Mr. Denham said the graphs were easier to comprehend than tables. "As people get familiar "with this type of graphical presentation they will realise it contains a lot of data that can be understood afteran initial glance." The spidergrams are based on five indicators: reducing crime, investigating crime, public safety, deployment of resources and the view of a focus group of local citizens. West Yorkshire had the highest rate of burglaries with 39 per 1,000 households and the Metropolitan Police had the worst clear-up rate at 12 per cent of offences. The Met and the City of London Police both had low levels of public safety with 32 per cent of residents concerned over disorder and Gwent police had the poorest use of resources - 15.6 days lost per officer each year. Cleveland had the worst public rating. Only 39 per cent of the region's citizens thought their force was doing a good job.The Welsh forces in Dyfed-Powys and Gwent both had impressively shaped spidergrams thanks to comparatively good records on reducing and investigating crime. The force with the most damning graph was Avon and Somerset, which was once regarded as a metropolitan force but had been grouped under the new scheme with areas including Northampton shire and West Mercia which have much lower crime levels. Avon and Somerset, which includes Bristol, pointed out that the graph reflected the fact that the force had suffered from a wave of street crime that had subsequently been greatly reduced.6. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?(A) Home Secretary defends his "standard" police spidergrams(B) Blunkett's police spidergrams leave web of confusion© The five key policing areas compose the spidergrams(D) The policing standards unit proposes spidergrams for measuring performances7. Which of the following in NOT true about the police spidergrams according to the passage?(A) It is a graphical presentation of police performance.(B) It is to replace the original police league tables.© It is to display performance of different police forces in the UK.(D) It is based on the five areas of policing performance.8. All of the following are against the proposal of police spidergrams EXCEPT ________.(A) the Liberal Democrat Party(B) the Home Secretary of the shadow cabinet© the Police Federation(D) the Association of Chief Police Officers9. The author introduces the performance of some local police forces at the end of the passage ________.(A) to demonstrate the differences in performance which can be shown with the spidergrams(B) to show why the five performance indicators have been chosen© to reveal differences in function between league tables and spidergrams(D) to illustrate the wider differences between local forces and their possible causes10. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) topic introduction—listing of opposing views—illustration(B) narration—background introduction—illustration© introduction—definition—conclusion(D) description—exemplification—conclusionQuestions 11-15Who is Daredevil? As a kid he was blinded by biomedical waste. He later discovered that his other senses were heightened and began developing them into superhuman abilities. He'sbeen a second-tier hero for decades, but on Friday, BenAffieck, in Daredevil's crimson outfit, will try to put the hero in the big leagues. As it happens, Daredevil is also a handy metaphor for Marvel Enterprises, the public company that owns Daredevil and 4,700 other comic-book characters. In the '90s, Marvel was blinded by explosive sales of its comic books to speculators who believed they were a can't-miss investment. When that bubble burst, Marvel was forced to develop its other abilities -winning back readers and reaching out to new fans through the big screen. It paid off, and now Marvel seems on top of the world, leaping between rooftops like the mysterious Daredevil.There's more to come, too, with two other big-budget Marvel movies hitting theaters by summer. "X-Men 2," the sequel to the surprise 2000 hit, arrives in May, followed by "The Hulk" in June. Both films are expected to build on the success of "Spider-Man," which grossed $822 million and sparked sales of nearly 2 million Spidey videogames. "Things are fantastic," crows Marvel Enterprises CEO Allen Lipson. "I don't think they could get much better." Lipson can be forgiven for sounding like Peter Parker after a hot date with Mary Jane. Marvel's mid-'90s collapse was so spectacular, you'd think its rivals at DC Comics had slipped it some kryptonite. Under Ron Perelman, who bought the company in 1989, Marvel tried to become a hulking corporate titan, expanding into businesses like trading cards, toys and stickers. It even explored funding its own movies. For a time, the strategy worked. But after the comic-book craze ended, the company bled red ink. Its best creators left in droves, and loyal fans were furious that their beloved icons were sliding into lame soap-opera story lines. After a protracted battle between Perelman and corporate rider Carl Icahn, Toy Biz owner Ike Perlmutter managed to take Marvel out of bankruptcy in 1998. And Perlmutter assembled his own Fantastic Four to run Marvel: the then CEO Peter Cuneo, 58, chief operating officer Bill Jemas, 45, Marvel Comics Editor in Chief Joe Quesada, 41, and Avi Arad, 55, who would head the film and TV division, Marvel Studios. Their first job was to fix the core publishing division. Marvel cut the number of titles in half to focus on quality. And it lured back top writers and artists to modernize characters like Spider-Man, making him a teenager once more and ratcheting up the emotional realism.With significant advances in visual effects and 3-D graphics, moviemaking and videogame technology were able to do real justice to the superheroes' abilities, too. In1998, "Blade," starring Wesley Snipes, grossed $70 million. Two years later, "X-Men" hauled in $157 million at the box office, proving the success of "Blade"; wasn't a fluke. As "X-Men" arrived in theaters, videogame publisher Activision released its first 3-D X-Men and Spider-Man games for the original PlayStation, and both were hits, erasing a string of superhero videogames that failed because of lackluster 2-D graphics. "We discovered that hard-core garners were also comic-book fans," says Kathy Vrabeck, an executive VP at Activision.The Daredevil character is known as The Man Without Fear, and Marvel is also plunging ahead, seemingly fearless of superhero saturation. But "X-Men" producer Lauren Shuler Donner says she is concerned that the sheer number of Marvel projects -12 new movie franchises and TV shows have been announced - might be too much for even the biggest comic geeks. And Gale Anne Hurd, a producer of "The Hulk," points to the Batman franchise as an example of how a couple of bad movies can hurt a genre. "When a couple of them fail, they say that the genre doesn't work anymore," she says. But Marvel Studios chief Arad sees his deep bench of characters as an inexhaustible resource, with action, horror, espionage, sci-fi and othergenres ready to be tapped. "The world is realizing that comics are good literature," says Arad. "We at Marvel have characters that have endured 60 years. That's hard to do." True, but one thing faster than a superhero is the life cycle of movie fad.11. The author introduces Daredevil at the beginning of the passage ________(A) to show its relation with other comic-book characters(B) to explain how comic-book craze started and ended© to illustrate Marvel Enterprises' efforts to win more readers(D) to give a vivid comparison of Marvel's tortuous road to success12. The expression "bled red ink" in the sentence "But after the comic-book craze ended, the company bled red ink." (para.3) most probably means ________(A) went bankrupt (B) sold its stocks© lost a lot of money (D) owed a large debt13. The expression "to do real justice to" in the statement "moviemaking and videogame technology were able to do real justice to the superheroes' abilities, too" (para.6) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to bring justice to (B) to bring into full play© to give much help to (D) to take advantage of14. Which of the following gives the correct time order of the films released?(A) Blade, X-Men, X-Men 2, and the Hulk(B) X-Men, X-Men 2, Blade and the Hulk© The Hulk, Blade, X-Men, and X-Men 2(D) The Hulk, X-Men, X-Men 2, and Blade15. Which of the following is NOT true about Marvel Enterprises according to the passage?(A) It changed hands for a number of times in the 1990s.(B) It achieved great success in publishing comic books in early 1990s.© It met enormous setbacks in mid-1990's owing to market changes.(D) It owed its success to changes in business strategies.Questions 16-20Congress can pass laws, regulators can beef up enforcement, and shareholders can demand more accountability. But when it comes right down to it, making sure a company is operating well is really an inside job. That's where internal auditing comes in. It doesn't sound glamorous, but it's an expanding field beckoning to people with a lot of pent up we-can-do-better energy. Internal auditors keep an eye on a company's "controls" - not just financial systems, but all sorts of functions designed to make the business run smoothly and protect the interests of shareholders.The recent string of corporate scandals provided a rude awakening to the importance of these internal checks. In the case of WorldCom, it was internal auditor Cynthia Cooper who blew the whistle on the company for inflating profits by $3.8 billion. She didn't intend to be a hero, she said to Time magazine when it named her one of its Persons of the Year. She was just doing her job.A lot more of those jobs are opening up as companies turn to internal auditors for help in complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Top executives of publicly held companies now have to sign off on their financial statements and vouch for the effectiveness of internal controls. "Up until now, CEOs and CFOs have been going to bed and sleeping well at night,knowing that they've got good controls or financial reporting because they've got good people—But what's missing is the documentation that really supports that gut feel," says Trent Gazzaway, the national director of corporate governance advisory services for Grant Thornton, an accounting and business consultancy firm. "I cannot think of a time in history when there's been a greater opportunity to enter the internal-audit field," he adds.Job postings on the website of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) in Altamonte Springs, Fla., have more than doubled in the past year, says IIA president William Bishop III. And in the organization's survey for 2002, half the internal-audit directors said they planned to make one or more new hires that year. People who can assess computerized systems are especially in demand.Privately held companies are voluntarily adding more scrutiny, as well. In a recent survey that drew responses from 1,400 CFOs in such businesses, 58 percent said they are responding to new corporate-governance standards. Of those, 36 percent are creating or expanding internal auditing, according to Robert Half Management Resources. An American company with $3 billion to $4 billion in revenue typically has about 16 internal auditors. The job is often a training ground for future management positions, but those who stay in the field and become directors earn an average of just under $100,000. The IIA offers certification for internal auditors, but many firms do not require it.Assessing "the tone at the top"—the culture and the ethical environment of a company is one of the key charges for internal auditors, Mr. Bishop says. But their effectiveness depends on the resources and independence senior managers give them. As auditors have a perspective that encompasses every aspect of the company, executives sometimes want to hear their recommendations for improving systems. But their main goal is to make sure the systems already in place are working properly.The balancing act can be tricky. "If I make a recommendation ...and then I come and evaluate it, I'm not going to be criticizing it," says Parveen Gupta, who teaches corporate governance and accounting at Lehigh University. Ideally, the internal auditor should be an extra set of eyes, a consultant who knows the company well but has enough independence to give honest feedback. Regulations "are pushing internal auditors to become a bit more policeman-oriented," he says, "but if employees perceive it as someone second-guessing them, that is very dangerous."One tool designed to avoid that adversarial feeling is "control self-assessment." The auditor sets up discussions among employees to find out, for instance, if a written ethics policy is being implemented, or if workers are feeling such intense pressures that they might be prompted to push ethical boundaries. The power of the new laws can go only so far. "This entire issue of corporate governance - trying to run the company as if you were managing your own money—is a matter of heart and soul," Dr. Gupta says. And guts. Anyone considering a career in internal auditing, he says, "should have the guts to speak out, to tell the truth."16. According to the passage, the main goal of internal auditing is ________.(A) to make recommendation for improving enterprise's organizational systems(B) to help build a profit-making system in a company© to make sure the system of an enterprise is operating well(D) to help establish an enterprise culture。
英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9）1:(30 )A:: , a . . . .. . a (1) , . I (2) .(3). , (4). , (5) . a (6) , a , , , (7) .(8).. (9) ? I (10). , , , (11). , 30 , (12) !(一三). , , . (14)., (一五) , (16) . (17) .(一八), , . a ‘’ ‘’ . a , (19) . , (20).B:: . , . , . .1 5 .1. (A) 85 .(B) , .(C) .(D) .2. (A) .(B) a “ ” .(C) .(D) 100.3. (A) , , , .(B) , , , .(C) , , , .(D) , , , .4. (A) a .(B) .(C) a , .(D) , , .5. (A) .(B) .(C) a .(D) .6 10 .6. (A) 3 20 .(B) a .(C) .(D) 2050.7. (A) .(B) a ’s .(C) .(D) .(B) .(C) .(D) a .9. (A) 6 7.(B) 8 10.(C) 11 16.(D) 17 25.10. (A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .11 一五 .11. (A) A . (B) A . (C) . (D) .12. (A) .(B) .(C) . (D) .一三. (A) .(B) (C) A .(D) .14. (A) ——. (B) ——.(C) ——. (D) ——.一五. (A) . (B) . (C) . (D) .16 20 .16. (A) . (B) ’ .(C) , . (D) , .17. (A) . (B) ’ .(C) . (D) ’ .一八. (A) . (B) . (C) a . (D) a .19. (A) . (B) .(C) . (D) .20. (A) ’s .(B) ’s .(C) ’s .(D) ’ ’s .2:(30 ): . . , (A), (B), (C) (D), . .1—5a a a a . , , . , , ,a . , ’s , a , . ’s , , .’s . “ a , ’t ,” , a , a , 25 . ,a ’t . , , , .. a ’t , ’t , a a ’t . “ , ,” , a . “.” , . , . “ ’ , ,” ,a , ’ . , , “ a , ‘’ . , a .”, , . “ ’t . ,” , a ,a ’s . ’s a , , , . “ ,” , a a ( ), . , . , .1. ?(A) a .(B) a .(C) .(D) .(A)(B)(C)(D)3. ?(A) A ’s .(B) .(C) .(D) .4. “” “ ,” (.3) .(A)(B)(C)(D)5. “ ” (.4) .(A)(B)(C)(D)6—10: , , . a , ’ . , ., ’s . 1998, (), . , . a — a — a . , , “ ” . a , . “ ,” ., . ( a a .) , a 2005; ’s .’s . , —’t . “ a ,” , ., ’s , , . ? ’s , “I’m , .” , . , . “ a ’s ,” , . “ .”6. , , ’ , .(A)(B)(C)(D)7. “ ”(.2) .(A)(B) ’(C)(D) ’s8. “ ” “ ’s ” (.3) .(A)(B)(C)(D)9. “ ’s .”(.4), “ ” .(A)(B)(C)10. “ .” (.5), “ ” .(A) a(B) a(C) a(D) a11—一五’s , 50,000 . . : 3.5 ,a , . , . , , — . , : .20 , . ’s .? , ’ . , , ., , , , . a ’ . , , $800 . , , ’10 . , .a ; ’s . , , . .1960s, . ’t . , . , . . : , ;’s . . ’s .. , . , ( a a ).a ., . . . , , : 2 2020, . ,a . a , . . , , . ’s .11. ?(A) ’s .(B) .(C) .(D) ’s .12. “” “ ’s .” (. l) .(A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .一三. ’s ?(A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .14. “ .” (.4), .(A)(B)(C)(D)一五. ’s .(A)(B)(C)(D)16—20. , : ’s . —’s — ., , . ’s 2007 a 50 . a ’s , ’s a .A 50 “ a ” a ’s , , ., ’s a . a “ ,” , . , “ ” “ ,” .. , , a . : , . ’s ., ——, ’t “,” , a . —, , . , , ’s “” . . , .. , , ’s .’s 10 . . , a , , a .“’s a a a . ’s a ,” . . “ .”16. , : .(A) , , ’s(B) , ,(C) , ,(D) ’s , ,17. “ , , .” (.3), .(A)(B) ’s(C)(D)一八. a 50 ’s 2007 “ a ” (.4), .(A)(B)(C) ,(D)19. , ’s 10 .(A)(B)(C)(D)20. ?(A) a(B) ’s(C) .(D) 2007: A3:(30 ): .A . , — .“ ”—’s 14 一八68. 1 , , : “ , , .”, , , . , a , .“ ’t , a . ,” . “ a ; ’ ’ , I ’t .”4:(30 )A:: a . . , ” a a . .(1) , (2). ? (3) , . , a (4). (5) .a (6). (7) . (8) . (9) , 10% (10) , 5%(11). , , a (12).(一三). (14), (一五) (16). ’t . ’s ’s (17) ., (一八) . , ? (19). ’t a (20), , ’t a !B:1.: , 5 . . , .(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2.: , 2 . . , . .(1)(2)5:(30 ): . .1—35,000 , a . a , a ., . , , a , a : “”. 60 一五 . A a ,, , a 8 , , 6. 一五 5. 6½, 8.. “ . ,” . “ . a . .a .”, , a . “ a a ,” . .’s , , a , , .. £24 a , 75 ., , ’s . “ ’t a . a , a . , ,” .’S A24 a75aa .7,000, ,6191. ?2. ’s ? a .3. ’s ’s ?4—6’d , . . “ a ,” . “ .”. ’s . ’s , a , , ’s . “ a , ,” ,a . “ a .”. , . “ ,” . ’s a , , a . “’ a a ,” ’s . “ a , ’t , ‘’ .’“’s a ’s , 1988, a . , , : A , ’s . “I ’t ,90 ,” . “ a , I ’t .”a . “ , a ,” . . “ ... .”, , , . , . “ ... ” , ’s . “[’s] a .” (512 )4. ’s ? “ a ”?5. ’s ? ’s ?6. :a) “ a .”(.2)b) “ a , I ’t .”(.4)7—10, 90 a . . . . . a ., a a , ’s . , , .’s 256 , 一三 . , — . , .a . a a , . “ 1 2001, ,” , 20, a . “ , ..” a a $195,000 26 . a , a a . “ ,” ., , . , a 一五% .. , , . “ I , ,” , a 1990s .“ , ,” . “ . ’t .” . , “ [ ] [] .”11% 1999. , a , 3.0 , . ’s .’s , ’s ’s . , ’s : . “ 21 ,” . “ .” (651 )8. 4 “ a .”9. “ ” (.6)?10. “ ” ? ?6:(30 ):中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。
2023年3月上海市高级口译资格第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案
2023年3月上海市高级口译资格第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案第一部分：听力理解题目一音频播放内容：请听第一段对话，回答第1至2小题。
W: Could you please tell me how to get to the nearest post office?M: Sure. Go straight along this street until you reach the traffic lights. Then turn left and you'll see the post office on your right.W: Thanks for your help.W: Excuse me, is the post office still open at this time?M: I'm not sure. You can call them to check.W: OK, thanks again.M: No problem.问题：1. Where is the nearest post office?2. How can the woman confirm if the post office is still open?答案：1. On the right, after turning left at the traffic lights.2. By calling the post office.题目二音频播放内容：请听第二段对话，回答第3至4小题。
W: Have you seen the weather forecast for tomorrow?M: No, I haven't. What did it say?W: It said it'll be sunny in the morning, but it might rain in the afternoon.M: I hope it stays sunny. I have plans for a picnic.W: Let's keep an eye on the weather. We can always reschedule if needed.M: That's true. Thanks for letting me know.M: Anyway, do you want to go get some ice cream later?W: Sure, that sounds great!问题：3. What does the weather forecast say about tomorrow?4. What are the speakers planning to do if the weather changes?答案：3. Sunny in the morning, but possibly rain in the afternoon.4. They will reschedule their picnic plans if needed.第二部分：阅读理解文章一The Benefits of Regular ExerciseRegular exercise is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Here are some of the key benefits:2. Disease Prevention: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes.3. Mental Well-being: Exercise releases endorphins, which are known as the "feel-good" hormones. It helps reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, promoting better mental health.4. Improved Sleep: People who exercise regularly tend to have better sleep quality, allowing them to feel more rested and energized during the day.5. Increased Energy Levels: Engaging in physical activity boosts energy levels and reduces fatigue. Regular exercise improves overall stamina and endurance.In conclusion, incorporating regular exercise into one's lifestyle brings numerous benefits to both physical and mental well-being. It is important to make time for exercise and prioritize it as a part of a healthy routine.问题：5. What is one of the benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?6. What are endorphins known for?答案：5. Weight management and prevention of obesity.6. Endorphins are known as the "feel-good" hormones.文章二The Impact of Air Pollution on HealthAir pollution is a significant environmental issue that poses risks to human health. Here are some of the ways air pollution can affect our well-being:1. Respiratory Problems: Exposure to pollutants in the air can lead to respiratory issues, such as asthma and bronchitis. Long-term exposure can cause permanent lung damage.2. Cardiovascular Diseases: Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases. Fine particles in the air can enter the bloodstream and affect the heart and blood vessels.4. Premature Death: Studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollution can shorten life expectancy. The pollutants in the air contribute to various health conditions that can lead to premature death.In order to protect our health, it is crucial to take measures to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.问题：7. What are some health problems associated with air pollution according to the passage?8. What can be done to protect our health from air pollution?答案：7. Respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, allergies and irritations, and premature death.8. Measures should be taken to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.。
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中社会人文(二)
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中社会人文(二)(总分：99.97，做题时间：90分钟)一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways. For instance, many American parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of God, but they send children to Sunday school and help them to pray. American parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer conning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished. When American parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children. Even if American parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe, they feel obliged to turn to their children and say, "Honey, everything is going to be all right." This American desire to keep the children"s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. Thus, in summary, American parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not apply, are watered down, or are even reversed.（分数：25.02）(1).The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways.（分数：4.17）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：成人世界与儿童世界分界线的划分有许多方式。
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试中译英政治经济
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试中译英政治经济(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥——奉浦大桥。
奉浦大桥是首座由地方筹资兴建的黄浦江大桥，奉贤县与市区有关部门和企业共同集资4.46亿元，仅用1年零7个月的时间即胜利建成。
大桥的建成解决了长期困扰奉贤与浦南地区的过江问题，同时还改善了该地区的投资环境，为杭州湾北岸的开发建设打下了良好的基础。
金秋十月的黄浦江畔，徐浦、南浦、杨浦、奉浦四座大桥沐浴着金秋阳光，各显神姿，交相辉映，为上海这座充满生机与魅力的国际大都市增添了更加夺目的风采。
不久的将来，上海还将建造更多的过江设施，把浦江两岸更紧密地连结在一起。
（分数：20.00）(1).1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥——奉浦大桥。
（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：In October 1995, a new bridge-Fengpu Bridge span the Huangpu River, connecting Punan with Fengxian, thus becoming the fourth bridge over the river open to traffic after Xupu, Nanpu and Yangpu Bridges. [解析] 汉语原文是由三个并列短句连接在一起的典型松散句，译成英语时，通过使用两个分词结构(connecting...，thus becoming)，把句子有机联系起来，使句子主次分明。
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试中译英科技商贸(一)
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试中译英科技商贸(一)(总分：100.02，做题时间：90分钟)一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)在一个极为漫长的历史阶段中，人类只能通过音乐表演和口授来传播音乐。
当人类发明了乐谱后，音乐便开始脱离表演而演变成“文字”得以记录和传播。
然而，人类音乐传播的真正革命性里程碑的建立者无疑是科学家们。
他们创造了令人叹为观止的音乐传播手段，从最早的机械“留声机”到今天五花八门的“电子媒体”。
在20世纪诸多的音乐传播手段中，无线电广播的发明和发展对音乐的传播起了极为重要的作用。
然而，高科技的高速发展也使我国广播音乐工作者在新世纪中面临着严峻的挑战。
（分数：25.00）(1).在一个极为漫长的历史阶段中，人类只能通过音乐表演和口授来传播音乐。
（分数：6.25）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：For a very long period of historical development, mankind could only pass on music through performance and oral instruction. [解析] “传播”一词在本文中重复出现6次。
在翻译汉语重复词语时，常用译法是将原话中连续使用的词语用与其含义相同或相近的词语加以交替交换，这种处理方法即变译。
因此，同一个“传播”在英译中可分别交替变换为pass on，spread，transmit，communication等。
再如：中国人民银行行长戴相龙有一次幽了记者一默，说：“江主席说人民币不贬值，朱总理说人民币不贬值，我也说人民币不贬值。
”而英语的翻译则不完全采用重复。
Dai Xianglong, the chief director of the People"s Bank of China once made a humorous reply to the journalists: "Chairman Jiang announced that RMB will not be devaluated, and Premier Zhu confirmed that. And now I, too, assure you of it.同一个“说”字，在英译中分别交替变换为announce，confirm和assure，意思上更进一步，体现了英语表达的特点。
上海高级口译英语笔试真题
上海高级口译英语笔试真题在口译考试临考的两三个月，应该坚决放弃视译，开始听译了。
英译汉应该结合外国人原声朗读的音频听两句，译两句，人事部考试应适应英美两种口音。
下面给大家带来上海高级口译英语笔试真题，希望对你们有所帮助。
上海高级口译英语笔试真题第一部分“听力”，30分钟，50分。
Section 1:Listening(1)20个填空。
有段句子或单词，答案含1-5个单词，内容：人工智能(2)4段话，每段5个选择题。
新闻节选段落有交通事故、前妻纷争?欧洲旅行相关…第二部分：阅读，30分钟，50分。
4个阅读，每篇5个选择题。
Section 2:Reading:2.5分×20=50分考了自然类主题的，还有文化等主题的，具体记不清了。
阅读内容：第一篇自然类主题，native和world的动植物引进的debate，学术观点引用影响之类的，考到文中一个关键词的含义，作者的观点等。
第二篇贫富差距相关的主题，富人生活评价，但穷人也有自己的优势balabala,最后总结，穷人life可以如何……考到的问题有选项表达与题中不符的，全文的语气风格等。
第三篇是学生等级划分的辩论,问题有作者拿自己和自己的同学举例的意图是什么，主题词在原文的意思最后一篇记不太清了。
第三部分：翻译，30分钟，50分。
Section 3:Translation:(英译中)50分内容：首相任命administer of loneliness and isolated, 专门处理loneliness 的系列问题，loneliness和癌症、心脏病等致病关系比一天抽15根雪茄还严重，还有loneliness 的影响、危害和治理等。
补充：通讯技术的发展、social media等原因，提到了facebook和instagram等社交平台，Facebook原本宣称自己是为了改善社交状态的，但结果反而加剧了社交平台loneliness and isolated.【中间休息15分钟后接着考】第四部分：听力，30分钟，50分。
上海高级口译试题及答案
上海高级口译试题及答案一、听力理解1. 请根据所听对话，选择正确的答案。
A. 会议将在下午三点开始。
B. 会议将在下午四点开始。
C. 会议将在下午五点开始。
D. 会议将在下午六点开始。
答案：B2. 根据对话内容，下列哪项是正确的？A. 他们计划去看电影。
B. 他们计划去购物。
C. 他们计划去公园。
D. 他们计划去餐厅。
答案：A二、口语表达1. 请用英语描述你最喜欢的季节，并解释原因。
答案：My favorite season is autumn. The weather is cool and crisp, and the leaves change into beautiful colors.2. 请用英语讲述一次你在国外旅行的经历。
答案：During my trip to Paris, I visited the Eiffel Tower and enjoyed the stunning view of the city from the top.三、阅读理解1. 阅读以下段落，并回答问题：What is the main idea of the passage?答案：The main idea of the passage is the importance of environmental conservation.2. 根据文章内容，下列哪项是作者的观点？A. 人们应该减少使用塑料。
B. 人们应该增加使用塑料。
C. 塑料对环境没有影响。
D. 塑料是不可替代的。
答案：A四、翻译1. 将下列句子从英语翻译成中文："In order to achieve success, one must be willing to work hard and persevere."答案：为了取得成功，一个人必须愿意努力工作并坚持不懈。
2. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英语：“随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。
0809上海外语口译考试高级口译笔试真题
高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试08.09SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.When you stop and think about your high school or college alma mater ,were your esperiences more positive or negative?Do your feelings of ________ (1) in that school have anything to do with whether or not your school was single-sex or coed? ________ (2) to send their children to single-sex schools, because they feel both ________ (3) when they study in the company of students of the same sex. They ________ (4).For years, only parents who could afford to send their children to private schools, or who had ________ (5), chose single-sex education for their children. Single-sex schooling was ________ (6) for most American families. Today, however, along with ________ (7), public schools are experimenting with the idea of ________ (8).Girls may be the ones who benefit most from single-sex schooling. Studies have shown that ________ (9) in coed classrooms because teachers sometimes pay more attention to boys. Girls‘________ (10) toward their studies tends to disappear as they begin to feel less successful. They start to ________ (11) outperform them in math and science. As boys ________ (12), girls start to lose it. Moreover, adolescence is ________ (13) for girls. As they experience adolescent changes, some girls become depressed, develop an addiction, or suffer from ________ (14).In the early 1990s, some influential people said that being in single-sex classes could ________ (15). Schools across the country began creating single-sex classrooms and schools. But many critics claim that ________ (16) many actually be detrimental to a girl‘s education because they ________ (17) of sex differences.The renewed interest in single-sex schooling ________ (18) among Americans. Those who give it full endorsement belive girls need an all-female environment to take risks and find their own voices .Those who ________ (19) of single-sex schooling wonder whether students‘ lack of achievement warrants returning to an educational system that divides the sexes .They believe there is no ________ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections:In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) A courier for a tour operator.(B) An agent for models.(C) An agency manager.(D) A personal assistant.2. (A) To keep the accounts.(B) To write letters and answer the telephone.(C) To organize business trips and conferences.(D) To look after the models and keep them happy.3. (A) Spanish and French.(B) French and Italian.(C) Italian and English.(D) English and Spanish.4. (A) Around 15,000.(B) Not less than 18,000.(C) Somewhere between 20,000 and 22,000.(D) At least 25,000.5. (A) She has a universtity degree in accounting and economics.(B) She is in her early twenties.(C) She is applying for the job of a conference coordinator.(D) She has adequate formal qualifications for the job.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) 11 (B) 57(C) 106 (D) 1757. (A) The trade desicit hit an all-time high in the previous quarter.(B) The rise in gross domestic product was equal to 6.8 percent in the third quarter.(C) The imbalance between imports and esports improved from July to September.(D) The rate or the British currency against the US dollar surged to a record hign.8. (A) A car bomb was exploded near the Associated Press office.(B) A Spanish businessman was kidnapped by unidentified armed men.(C) A dealer in Vokswagen cars was arrested by Palestinian police.(D) An A.P. photographer was taken away by masked gunmen.9. (A) Dealing in lions and other big cats will be retrained.(B) Killing large predators bred in captivety will be made illegal.(C) The big game hunting will be outlawed throughout the whole country.(D) Tranquilizing animals in a controlled environment will be forbidden.10. (A) The governor mobilized the state‘s Natingal Guard at short notice.(B) The earthquake caused extensive damage and serious injuries.(C) The state received federal emergency funds immediately after the quake.(D) Land and air traffic, and communications were considerably affected.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) People want to use their sick days when they‘re not actually sick.(B) People get in trouble with their boss at their place of work.(C) Employees are dedicated to their job although they‘re under no pressure.(D) Employees go to work even when they are sick.12. (A) It costs more productivity for companies than actually absenteeism.(B) It can be taken as an indication that there is so much pressure to go to work.(C) The companies have to pay sick employees a great deal to stay home.(D) There might be too many people who stay home when they‘re not sick.13. (A) 22%(B) 40%(C) 56%(D) 72%14. (A) Educating their workers about the importantce of staying home when sick.(B) Letting people telecommute so that they can stay at home.(C) Announcing disciplinary measures against those working when sick.(D) Fostering an environment to encourage and paying sick employees to stay home.15. (A) Telephones (B) Respiratory droplets.(C) Door-knobs. (D) Computer keyboards.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) The widespread use of illegal drugs is the greatest concern of the Americans.(B) Almost all drugs are sold in the poorest neighborhoods in the country.(C) Most Americans agree that they have won a major victory in the drug war.(D) The lengthy debate over legalizing drugs has been recently resolved.17. (A) $15 million.(B) $50 million(C) $15 billion.(D) 100 times greater than the cost of producing these drgs.18. (A) Opium being made legal in mid-nineteenth-century China.(B) The end of prohibition of alcohol in America in the 1920s and 1930s.(C) Drug pushers making billions of dollars each year.(D) More money being needed in education and medical care.19. (A) Legalizing drugs would be considered unconstitutional.(B) Decriminalizing drugs would be a surrender in a drug war that has not really even begun.(C) The black market would not really disappear with the legalization of drug.(D) Legalization would lead to an increase in violent crime and child abuse.20. (A) Americations have not chosen legalization as a solution to the drug problem(B) The current drug war is not working and legalization may be the only solution.(C) The black market would really disappear with the legalization of drugs.(D) Politicians who have answers to the drug problem claim the most votes.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Years ago, when I first started building websites for newspapers, many journalists told me that they saw the Internet as the end of reliable journalism. Since anyone could publish whatever they wanted online, ―real journalism‖would be overwhelmed, they said. Who would need professional reporters and editors if anyone could be a reporter or an editor? I would tell them not to worry. While my personal belief is that anyone can be a reporter or editor, I also know that quality counts. And that the ―viral‖nature of the Internet means that when people find quality, they let other people know about it. Even nontraditional media sites online will survive only if the quality of their information is trusted. The future of online news will demand more good reporters and editors, not fewer.So I was intrigued when Newsweek recently published a story called ―Revenge of the Expert.‖ It argued that expertise would be the main component of ―Web 3.0.‖―The wisdom of the crowds has peaked,‖says Jason Calacanis, founder of the Maholo ―people-powered search engine‖and a former AOL executive. ―Web 3.0 is taking what we‘ve built in Web 2.0 –the wisdom of the crowds – and putting an editorial layer on it of truly talented, compensated people to make the product more trusted and refined.‖ Well, yes and no. Sure, it is important for people to trust the information they find online. And as the Newsweek article argues, the need for people to find trusted information online is increasing, thus the need for more expertise. But the article fails to mention the most important feature of the world of digital information. It‘s not expertise – it‘s choice.In many cases the sites that people come to trust are built on nontraditional models of expertise. Look at sites like , , or . There, users provide the expertise on which others depend. When many users select a particular story, that story accumulates votes of confidence, which often lead other users to choose that story. The choices of the accumulated community are seen as more trustworthy than the ―gatekeeper‖model of traditional news and information. Sometimes such sites highlight great reporting from traditional media. But often they bring forward bits of important information that are ignored (or missed) by ―experts.‖ It‘s sort of the ―open source‖ idea of information – a million eyes looking on the Webfor information is better than a few.Jay Rosen, who writes the PressThink blog, says in an e-mail that he‘s seen this kind of story before, calling it a ―kind of pathetic‖trend reporting. ―I said in 2006, when starting , that the strongest editorial combinations will be pro-am. I still think that. Why? Because for most reporters covering a big sprawling beat, it‘s still true what Dan Gillmor said: ‗My readers know more than I do.‘ And it‘s still the case that tapping into that knowledge is becoming more practical because of the Internet.‖J.D. Lasica, a social-media strategist and former editor, also says he sees no departure from the ―wisdom of the crowds‖ model. ―I‘ve seen very little evidence that the sweeping cultural shifts we‘ve seen in the past half dozen years show any signs of retreating,‖ Mr. Lasica says. ―Young people now rely on social networks ... to take cues from their friends on which movies to see, books to read.... And didn‘t ‗Lonely Planet Guide‘ explore this terrain for travel and Zagat‘s for dining back in the ‗90s?‖In many cases, traditional media is still the first choice of online users because the reporters and editors of these media outlets have created a level of trust for many people –but not for everyone. When you combine the idea of expertise with the idea of choice, you discover nontraditional information sites that become some of the Internet‘s most trusted places. Take , written by lawyers about cases in the Supreme Court. It has become the place to go for other lawyers, reporters, and editors to find in-depth information about important cases. The Internet also allows individuals to achieve this level of trust. For instance, the blog written by Robert Scoble. Mr. Scoble, a former Microsoft employee and tech expert, is widely seen as one of the most important people to read when you want to learn what‘s happening in the world of technology. He built his large audience on the fact that people trust his writing.To me, it‘s the best of all possible information worlds.1. According to the passage, the expression ―real journalism‖ is used to refer to ________.(A) traditional newspapers and magazines(B) online news and information provided by ―the crowds‖(C) online news and information provided by professional reporters and editors(D) news and information from both traditional media and nontraditional media sites2. When the author is describing the ―viral‖nature of the Internal (para.1), he uses themetaphorical expression to tell the readers that ________.(A) when transmitted through the Internet, any thing harmful would quickly be destroyed(B) any message revealed through the Internet would survive whether it is trusted or not(C) and ―quality‖ message would be quickly accepted and passed on from one another(D) only the trusted online information would survive and be accepted by the crowds3. Which of the following does NOT support the statement ―It‘s not expertise—it‘s choice.‖(para.2)?(A) Expertise determines the choice by the crowds.(B) The world of digital information is built on the selection of netizens.(C) Nontraditional models of expertise are built on the selection of users.(D) The accumulated votes of confidence lead to the establishment of expertise.4. What is the major argument of the passage?(A) With the development of digital technology, anyone can be a reporter or editor.(B) Professional reporters and editors are always the trusted ―gatekeeper‖ of Traditional newsand information.(C) The choices of the accumulated online users should be considered more trustworthy andreliable that those of the few with expertise.(D) Expertise would be the main component of both traditional media and nontraditionalinformation sites.5. The author introduces the Newsweek article ―Revenge of the Expert‖ ________.(A) as a starting point for his argument and discussion(B) to show it has won the support of Jay Rosen, J.D.Lsica, Dan Gillmor and many others(C) as an example to indicate the end of ―real journalism‖(D) to prove that the future of digital information will be based more on expertise.Questions 6-10Perhaps we could have our children pledge allegiance to a national motto. So thick and fast and inchoate tumble the ideas about Britishness from the Government that the ridiculous no longer seems impossible. For the very debate about what it means to be a British citizen, long a particular passion of Gordon Brown, brutally illustrates the ever-decreasing circle that new Labour has become. The idea of a national motto has already attracted derision on a glorious scale -- and there‘s nothing more British than the refusal to be defined. Times readers chose as their national motto: No motto please, we‘re British.Undaunted, here comes the Government with another one: a review of citizenship, which suggests that schoolchildren be asked to swear an oath of allegiance to the Queen. It would be hard to think of something more profoundly undemocratic, less aligned to Mr Brown‘s supposed belief in meritocracy and enabling all children to achieve their full potential. Today you will hear the Chancellor profess the Government‘s continuing commitment to the abolition of child poverty, encapsulating a view of Britain in which the State tweaks the odds and the tax credit system to iron out inherited inequalities.You do not need to ask how this vision of Britain can sit easily alongside a proposal to ask kids to pledge allegiance to the Queen before leaving school: it cannot. The one looks up towards an equal society, everyone rewarded according to merit and not the lottery of birth; the other bends its knee in obeisance to inherited privilege and an undemocratic social and political system. In Mr Brown‘s view of the world, as I thought I understood it, an oath of allegiance from children to the Queen ought to be anathema, grotesque, off the scale, not even worth considering.Why, then, could No 10 not dismiss it out of hand yesterday? Asked repeatedly at the morning briefing with journalists whether the Prime Minister supported the proposal, his spokesman hedged his bets. Mr Brown welcomed the publication of the report; he thinks the themes are important; he hopes it will launch a debate; he is very interested in the theme of Britishness. []But no view as to the suitability of the oath. It is baffling in the extreme. Does this Prime Minister believe in nothing, then? A number of things need to be unpicked here. First, to give him due credit, the report from the former Attorney-General Lord Goldsmith contains much more than the oath of allegiance. That is but ―a possibility that‘s raised‖. The oath forms a tiny part of a detailed report about what British citizenship means, what it ought to mean and how to strengthen it.It is a serious debate that Mr Brown is keen to foster about changing the categories of Britishcitizenship, and defining what they mean. But it is in him that the central problem resides: the Prime Minister himself is uncertain what Britishness is, while insisting we should all be wedded to the concept. No wonder there is a problem over what a motto, or an oath of allegiance, should contain. Britain is a set of laws and ancient institutions - monarchy, Parliament, statutes, arguably today EU law as well. An oath of allegiance naturally tends towards these.It wasn‘t supposed to be like this. In its younger and bolder days, new Labour used to argue that the traditional version of Britain is outdated. When Labour leaders began debating Britishness in the 1990s, they argued that the institutions in which a sense of Britain is now vested, or should be vested, are those such as the NHS or even the BBC, allied with values of civic participation, all embodying notions of fairness, equality and modernity absent in the traditional institutions. Gordon Brown himself wrote at length about Britishness in The Times in January 2000: ―The strong British sense of fair play and duty, together embodied in the ideal of a vibrant civic society, is best expressed today in a uniquely British institution -- the institution that for the British people best reflects their Britishness -- our National Health Service.‖An oath of allegiance to the NHS? Ah, those were the days. They really thought they could do it; change the very notion of what it meant to be British. Today, ten years on, they hesitatingly propose an oath of allegiance to the Queen. Could there be a more perfect illustration of the vanquished hopes and aspirations of new Labour? Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair. Ah, but I see there is to be a national day as well, ―introduced to coincide with the Olympics and Diamond Jubilee - which would provide an annual focus for our national narrative‖. A narrative, a national day, glorifying the monarchy and sport? Yuck. I think I might settle for a national motto after all.6. Which of the following does not support the motto ―No motto please, we‘re British‖?(A) It is more or less paradoxical and satirical.(B) It has been accepted by the whole nation.(C) It shows a refusal of the definition of Britishness.(D) It displays the nature of British values.7. The word ―tweaks‖in the expression ―encapsulating a view of Britain in which the Statetweaks the odds and the tax credit system to iron out inherited inequalities‖ (para.2) can best be paraphrased by ________.(A) changes (B) indicates(C) imitates (D) exemplifies8. According to the author, the central problem of the oath of allegiance or a national mottotowards Britishness is ________.(A) the allegiance toward the ancient British institutions(B) how to implement the National Health Service(C) how to define Britishness(D) the British sense of fair play and duty9. In writing the essay, the author demonstrates an attitude of ________ towards the issue ofBritishness.(A) indifference (B) enthusiasm(C) patriotism (D) irony10. When the author writes the rhetorical question ―An oath of allegiance to the NHS?‖ (para.7),she is trying to express that ________.(A) even the Labour Party today will not accept this as an oath of allegiance(B) the definition of Britishness could finally be settled(C) such an oath of allegiance should be accompanied by a national day(D) such an oath of allegiance should be accepted when NHS was first implementedQuestions 11-15Over lunch, a writer outlined a new book idea to his editor. It was to be a niche concern but promised much. The writer left the restaurant with a glow and decided to get an outline over, pronto. But days and weeks of being too busy turned to months and then, eventually, came the shocking discovery that his editor had been rather elusive of late for a reason: he had been busy crafting a book based on the writer‘s idea, and it was now in the shops. An apocryphal tale, maybe, but it will send shivers down any writer‘s spine. What‘s more, if the writer were to turn to the law in such a dread scenario, the law would be of no use to him at all.Phil Sherrell, a media lawyer with Eversheds, explains: ―Intellectual property law protects the expression of ideas, not the ideas themselves.‖ Sherrell agrees that ―the distinction is not always satisfactory,‖ but says that there needs to be a limit to the protection conferred on creativity by the law. ―To extend the ambit of copyright protection to embrace ideas would be difficult in practice —how would the artist prove that they have conceived the idea if it has not been reduced to a tangible form? It would also open the door to undesirably wide monopolies.‖But copyright‘s 300-year pedigree might be a cause for concern rather than veneration. The means by which we communicate has changed out of all recognition from the time when copyright was invented. Today, in the post-modernist world, what constitutes an artistic, literary or musical work is radically different, not least in the field of conceptual art. Here, copyright‘s timehonoured reluctance to protect ideas is of dubious merit, according to Hubert Best, a media lawyer with Best & Soames.―If you look at Martin Creed‘s [art installation] Work No. 227, The Lights Going On and Off, where is the work?‖ asks Best. ―Is it in the fact that a light bulb goes on and off, or in the concept?I suspect it‘s the latter. But old-fashioned copyright law does not cover this kind of thing.‖ Creed‘s Work No. 227 was an empty room in which the lights periodically switched on and off. It won the Turner Prize in 2001 to a predictable chorus of controversy. This goes with the territory in conceptual art, but other artists have found their work inspires not merely lively debate but accusations of plagiarism.Last year, three weeks after he unveiled his diamond-encrusted, ￡50m skull, Damien Hirst was alleged to have stolen the idea for the work from another artist, John LeKay. In 2006, Robert Dixon, a graphics artist, said that Hirst‘s print, Valium, was too close for comfort to one of his circular designs in The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry. Hirst had another brush with intellectual property law when Norman Emms complained about a ￡1m bronze torso which, he said, was copied from a ￡14.99 plastic anatomical toy. Emms later received a ―goodwill payment‖ from the artist.As one of the world‘s wealthiest artists, Hirst is well-placed to fight such battles, but due allowance should be given for art‘s intertextual essence. Writers borrow plots and embed allusions to their forebears, artists adapt well-known motifs, musicians play each other‘s songs and sample existing riffs and melodies. But there is a fine line between plagiarism and creative allusion, and itwas considered by the courts in the case of Dan Brown‘s The Da Vinci Code. The Court of Appeal upheld the initial ruling that Brown had not reproduced substantial content from The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail. The decision was also widely seen as confirming English law‘s disinclination to protect ideas.Yet if ideas can‘t be protected, where does that leave the writer aggrieved by the appearance of his idea in another‘s book? ―It sounds harsh,‖ says Sherrell, ―but unless a writer has gone some way to creating the work —by way of an outline and perhaps a chapter or two —there is no remedy if the same idea appears under another author‘s name. However, given that everything is done on computers these days, it would be relatively easy to prove first creation by looking at the hard drive. Other than that, anyone in the creative arena should keep full and dated records to evidence their work.‖There is another thing that can be done. ―You can impose a confidentiality obligation on those with whom you want to discuss your idea,‖ says Best. ―Nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) are often used in the corporate world to give a contractual remedy for breach of confidence if an idea is stolen. But the trouble is that a writer, musician or artist who comes into a meeting wielding an NDA isn‘t likely to make friends. It‘s a fairly aggressive way to proceed.‖ Best is doubtless correct when he says: ―You‘ve just got to get on with it and do it. Once your work exists, in material form, you can sue if anyone steals it.‖11. The story told at the beginning of the passage ________.(A) shows the difficulties of turning an idea into a book(B) described how the writer entertained the editor to get the book published(C) demonstrated how the editor betrayed the promise he had given(D) indicates the tricky issue of the protection of intellectual property12. The word ―ambit‖ in the sentence ―To extend the ambit of copyright protection to embraceideas would be difficult in practice‖ (para.2) can best replaced by ________.(A) ambition (B) restriction(C) range (D) margin13. The passage introduced the artist Martin Creed‘s Work No.227 ________.(A) as it was most severely criticized by the media lawyer Hubert Best(B) because it displays the dubious nature of some contemporary works of art(C) because it won the Turner Prize in 2001 to a chores of controversy(D) as it was an example of conceptual art which causes accusations of plagiarism14. Which of the following CANNOT be true about Damien Hirst according to the passage?(A) He is one of the wealthiest artists in today‘s world.(B) He paid Norman Emms to settle the issue of accusation of ―copying‖(C) He was said to have stolen the concept for his work of diamond-encrusted skull.(D) He is ready to fight all those who have accused him of plagiarism.15. The concluding paragraphs mainly tell us that ________.(A) non disclosure agreements can be used to protect ideas(B) confidentiality obligation is the moral standard(C) the best way to prove first creation is to use computer(D) there is no other way to protect ideas unless the work existsQuestions 16-20A new golden age of cartography has suddenly dawned, everywhere. We can all be map-makers now, navigating across a landscape of ideas that the cartographers of the past could never have imagined. Maps were once the preserve of an elite, an expression of power, control and, latterly, of minute scientific measurement. Today map-making has been democratised by the internet, where digital technology is spawning an astonishing array of maps, reflecting an infinite variety of interests and concerns, some beautiful, some political and some extremely odd. If the Budget has made you feel gloomy, you can log on to a map that will tell you just how depressed you and the rest of the world are feeling. For more than two years, the makers of have harvested feelings from a wide variety of personal blogs and then projected these on to the globe. How happy are they in Happy Valley? How grim is Grimsby? You can find out.Where maps once described mountains, forests and rivers, now they depict the contours of human existence from quite different perspectives: maps showing the incidence of UFOs, speed cameras or the density of doctors in any part of the world. A remarkable new map reflects global telephone usage as it happens, starkly illustrating the technological gap between, say, New York and Nairobi. Almost any measurable human activity can be projected, using a computer ―mash-up‖. A new online map called allows American hypochondriacs to track who is ill with what and where at any given moment. A hilarious disclaimer adds: ―whoissick is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice.‖ The new generation of amateur map-makers are doing for the traditional atlas what Wikipedia has already done to the encyclopaedia, adding layer upon layer of new information, some that is fascinating and useful, much that is pointless and misleading, and almost all from a distinctly personal perspective.The new digital geography marks a return to an earlier form of cartography, when maps were designed to reveal the world through a particular prism. The earliest maps each told a story framed by politics, culture and belief. Ancient Greeks painted maps depicting unknown lands and strange creatures beyond the known world. Early Christian maps placed Jerusalem at the middle of the world. British imperial maps showed the great advance of pink colonialism spreading outwards from our tiny islands at the centre.Maps were used to settle scores and score points, just as they are today. When Jesuit map-makers drew up a chart of the Moon's surface in 1651, craters named after heretical scientists such as Copernicus and Galileo were dumped in the Sea of Storms, while more acceptable thinkers were allowed to float in the Sea of Tranquillity. The 19th century heralded a more scientific approach to map-making; much of the artistry and symbolism was stripped away in an attempt to create a two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional reality. Maps became much more accurate, but less imaginative and culturally revealing.The boom in amateur mapping, by contrast, marks a return to the earlier way of imagining the world when maps were used to tell stories and impose ideas, to interpret the world and not simply to describe its physical character. New maps showing how to avoid surveillance cameras, or the routes taken by CIA planes carrying terrorist suspects on ―extraordinary rendition‖, are political statements rather than geographical descriptions.The earliest maps were also philosophical guides. They showed what was important and what was peripheral and what might be imagined beyond the edges of the known. A stunning tapestry map of the Midlands made around the time of Shakespeare and recently rediscovered, depicts forests, churches and the houses of the most powerful families, yet not a single road. It does not。
上海英语高级口译笔试试题(二)
模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！上海英语高级口译笔试试题(二)一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。
Translate the following passage （s ） into Chinese ）第1题Some critics believe that the very concept of intellectual property is mistaken. Unlike physical property, ideas are non-rivalrous goods that can be used by many people at the same time without making them any less useful. The term "intellectual property" was widely adopted only in the 1960s, as a way to bundle trademarks, copyrights and patents. Those critics argue that today's rights are too strict and make the sharing of knowledge too expensive. The paradox about intellectual property in IT and telecommunications is that it eases the exchange of technology and acts as a bottleneck for innovation at the same time. The whole system is in a stage of transformation. "Markets require institutions, and institutions take a long time to develop. Today, the institutions for a 'market for technology' are not well developed, and it is costly to use this market," says a specialist. Ideas are to the information age what the physical environment was to the industrial one: the raw material of economic progress. Just as pollution or an irresponsible use of property rights threatens land and climate, so an overly stringent system of intellectual-property rights risks holding back technological progress. Disruptive innovation that threatens the existing order must beencouraged, but the need to protect ideas must not be used as an excuse for greed. Finding the fight balance will test the industry, policymakers and the public in the years ahead.【正确答案】：一些评论家认为知识产权这个概念本身就不乏谬误。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题( 06.9) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here. Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils,modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8). Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________(10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise! Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14). With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living. Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’and ‘minds-on’learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning tolife through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the ”oldest old”people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. 6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste. 14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. 16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’educatio n more well-rounded. (C) To investigate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months.(D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’and the children’s attitude. SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1—5 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s su ccess, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It’s not quite that simple. ”Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,”says JacquelynneEccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer froman emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, manyeducators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure thatconveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. ”Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,”says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor atStanford. ”You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.”Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughou t life. ”The message is that everything is within the kids’control, that their intelligence is malleable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, ”parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progres s rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testingand rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. ”These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,”says Jeff How ard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’sacademic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to aworld beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. ”The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at schoolcan actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practicalexperience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word ”malleable”in the clause ”that their intelligence is malleable,”(para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression ”to disabuse them of the notion”(para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10 Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over i nformation on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related tonational security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often ”material that is harmful to minors”mightappear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. ”We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July ; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries. One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. ”We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeingadult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, ”I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. ”Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl, an El ectronic Frontier Foundation attorney. ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying aboutBig Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over ”its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s busin ess secret8. The phrase ”scaled back to”in the sentence ”the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”(para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentenc e ”One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression ”sink its own case”most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5), the expression ”Big Brother”is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organization Questions 11—15On New Y ear’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not somemass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: themoney that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine. How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changesmakes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’herds makeup over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve andtheir animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goesto the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas. Funding bodies such as the World Bankand-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Afri ca’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that hashelped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should payproper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word ”encapsulates”in the sentence ”Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and tr aditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes ”the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”(para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of thetraditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20 The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have foundevidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth —that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold. The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’sproposed budget for fiscal calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut ”is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut”in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary scientist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a ”radical conclusion,”acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, ”we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments”that might have rolled out the welcomemat ”for living organisms,”she concludes. Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near itsunexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed severalexplanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vaporbillowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood. Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be ”luxuriant,”notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive i t. Still, he adds, it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible ”outposts”for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案SECTION 1：LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. government success2. talk about3. press conferences4. alert foreign correspondents5. local officials6. write their stories7. eye witness 8. opposition politicians9. check information 10. close to it11. inform other people 12. in an interesting way13. only one chance 14. element of repetition15. at the start of a report 16. shorten17. match the subject matter 18. royal wedding19. plane crash 20. making it difficult to understandPart B: Listening Comprehension1-5 D B D C B 6-10 C A D A D11-15 B A C A B 16-20 D A C B BSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 A B A B C 6-10 B C C D B11-15 C D C D B 16-20 C B D C BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST自达尔文以来，生物学家们始终坚信，大自然的运作是没有打算的或者是没有意义的，它不会通过直接的设计途径去追求目标。
但是，今日我们知道，这一信念是个严峻错误。
为什么恰如达尔文所理解和描述的进化就该是无打算、无理性的呢？当飞机设计工程师们利用风洞对大量的、依据统计数据制造的机体模型的耐用性能进展检试，以从中选出功能的设计时，物理学家经过上万次的计算机运算，试图找出是哪些材料、以怎样的结合方式、以及什么的构造形式才最相宜用于原子核反响堆的建筑时，我们能够说这中间没有自然选择的过程么？他们也未进展事先设计的适应性调整，而是依据选择原理开展工作的。
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中经济科技(一)
(A)上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试英译中经济科技(一)(总分：100.04，做题时间：90分钟)一、试题1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Japan"s once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels if—and the warning is a big one—firms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits. While Japan"s lifetime employment system is visibly unravelling, many economists still doubt whether a scenario of soaring joblessness will occur, given that economic incentives to slash payrolls clash with social and political pressures to save jobs. A kinder, gentler approach to restructuring would soften the social instability many fear would result from doubling the jobless rate, already at a record high.531Critics believe it would also cap gains in profit margins and stifle economic vitality, especially in the absence of bold steps to open the door to new growth, industries. Some economists believe different methods of counting mean Japan"s jobless rate is already close to 7 per cent by United States standards, not that far from the 7.8 per cent peak hit in the US in 1992 when it began to emerge from a two-year slump.（分数：20.00）(1).Japan"s once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels if-and the warning isa big one-firms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits.（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：如果日本各公司效仿西方国家，通过大幅裁员来增加利润，日本一度令人羡慕的低失业率将飙升至两位数，这不是耸人听闻。
上海市高级口译真题
5月上海市高级口译真题(A卷)一、口语题Directions：Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Start your talk with “My name is……”“My registration number is……”1、Topic：Humans Clone Themselves2、Question for Reference：1. What do you know about cloning technology？2. What do you know about Dolly，the world s first cloned mammal，and the significance or the consequence of such cloning？3. What are the possible advantages and disadvantages of the cloning technology？4. Should humans be cloned？To what extent should the cloning technology be applied to humans？二、口译题1、Part A （英译中）Passage 1：Since the early 1990’s，information technologies have fundamentally changed and will continue to change the world in which we live，work，study and communicate. Today，on the threshold of the 21st century，the global information revolution an has become a reality. The accelerated development of information technologies is having an increasing impact on the global economic activity and social structures.∥More significantly，the nature of information technologies is undergoing aprofound revolution. The multimedia information exchange has become digital，wireless ，mobile，and interactive. Advanced eletronic networks，particularly in the field of electronic commerce，are now allowing people to make the best use of business opportunities that are never imagined.Passage 2：In a recent television interview the Malaysian prime Minister expressed his deep concern about economic situation in his country. Malaysia has undergone financial difficulties from the combined impact of the world financial crisis，decline in world oil prices and its own prolonged recession. The direct reason for those difficulties was that investors lacked confidence in the Malaysian economy.∥Due to reform of the currency system，high inflation and major financial frauds，most people had little confidence in domestic commercial banks and even doubted the financial policies for the Central Bank and the government. The government and the rubber industrial companies are in severe dispute over settlement of the latter’s tax bill. As a result，many foreign companies intended to stay away from further involvement in the country’s development of economy.2、Part B（中译英）Passage1：澳门实现平稳过渡，又一次标志着邓小平“一国两制”构想的巨大成功，对实现祖国完全统一将起到积极的推动作用。
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上海高级口译笔试试题
上海高级口译笔试试题分为听力、阅读、翻译和笔头口译四个部分，本文将对这四个部分进行详细解析。
听力部分
听力部分分为两个部分：短对话和长篇听力。
在短对话中，考生需
要通过听力理解对话内容，并回答相关问题。
而在长篇听力中，则是
通过听力材料进行理解和全文把握。
阅读部分
阅读部分主要考察考生的阅读理解能力。
题型涉及到阅读短文、文
章摘要以及阅读理解题等。
考生需要准确理解文章中的主旨、细节和
推理等内容，并根据所提问题选择正确答案。
翻译部分
翻译部分要求考生将一段中文翻译成英文，或将一段英文翻译成中文。
要求考生准确翻译文章内容，把握语言表达和用词准确，同时保
持译文的流畅和自然。
笔头口译部分
笔头口译部分要求考生在规定时间内，将一段中文口头材料口译成
英文，或将一段英文口头材料口译成中文。
考生需要准确理解内容，
并用适当的语言表达出来，保持流畅和准确。
总结：
上海高级口译笔试试题涵盖听力、阅读、翻译和笔头口译四个部分，要求考生熟练掌握口译技巧和理解能力。
考生需注重平时的积累和练习，提高自己的语言表达能力和笔头口译技巧，以应对口译笔试的挑战。
通过准确理解听力内容，并灵活运用所学知识和技巧，考生可以顺
利回答相关问题。
在阅读部分，理解全文和抓住关键信息至关重要，
考生需要有一个良好的阅读理解能力。
在翻译部分，考生需要熟悉中
英文的表达规范和词汇，以准确翻译文章内容。
在笔头口译部分，考
生需加强口语表达能力，通过实际训练提高自己的口译水平。
在备考过程中，考生可以通过听力练习、阅读理解练习、翻译练习
和口译练习等方式来提高自己的能力。
同时，也需要保持良好的心态
和充分的准备，以应对各种口译考试的要求。
综上所述，上海高级口译笔试试题涵盖听力、阅读、翻译和笔头口
译四个部分，对考生的口译能力提出了较高的要求。
考生通过平时的
练习和实践，注重技巧和知识的积累，可以有效应对口译笔试的挑战，取得良好的成绩。