自动化相关外文翻译
自动化专业常用英语词汇
自动化专业常用英语词汇1. Automation: The use of technology to control and operate processes or systems with minimal human intervention.2. Control system: A system that manages and regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.3. Programmable logic controller (PLC): A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes in industries.4. Sensor: A device that detects and responds to physical inputs such as temperature, pressure, or light, and converts them into electrical signals.5. Actuator: A device that converts electrical signals into physical motion or action, such as a motor or a solenoid.6. Feedback: Information about the output of a system that is used to make adjustments or corrections to the system.7. HMI (Human-Machine Interface): The interface between humans and machines, typically consisting of a display screen and input devices such as buttons or touchscreens.8. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A system used for monitoring and controlling industrial processes from a central location.9. PLC programming: The process of writing and configuring the software that controls the behavior of a programmable logic controller.10. Robotics: The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots.11. Artificial intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans.12. Machine learning: A subset of artificial intelligence that enables machines to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.13. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): The extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) to industrial environments, enabling connectivity and data exchange between devices and systems.14. Control loop: A feedback mechanism that continuously monitors and adjusts the output of a system to maintain a desired setpoint.15. PID controller: A control algorithm that uses proportional, integral, and derivative actions to regulate a system's output.16. Process optimization: The continuous improvement of processes to maximize efficiency, productivity, and quality.17. Robotics automation: The use of robots to automate tasks and processes, increasing productivity and reducing human involvement.18. Industrial automation: The application of automation technologies in industrial settings to improve efficiency, safety, and reliability.19. SCARA robot: A type of robot with a horizontal arm that can move in a plane, commonly used for assembly and pick-and-place operations.20. DCS (Distributed Control System): A control system that consists of multiple autonomous controllers distributed throughout a plant or facility.21. PLC ladder logic: A programming language that uses ladder diagrams to represent the logic of a control system.22. Fieldbus: A digital communication system used to connect field devices such as sensors and actuators to a control system.23. Safety interlock: A mechanism that prevents the operation of a system or equipment under unsafe conditions.24. Industrial network: A communication network that connects devices and systems in an industrial environment.25. Data logging: The process of recording and storing data from sensors and other devices for analysis and troubleshooting.26. Fault diagnosis: The process of identifying and analyzing faults or malfunctions in a system or equipment.27. Motion control: The management and coordination of the movement of mechanical systems, typically achieved through the use of servo motors and controllers.28. Human-robot collaboration: The interaction and cooperation between humans and robots in a shared workspace.29. SCADA system security: The implementation of measures to protect SCADA systems from unauthorized access, cyber threats, and data breaches.30. Virtual commissioning: The use of digital models and simulations to test and validate control systems before physical implementation.以上是自动化专业常用英语词汇的一些例子，这些词汇在自动化领域的学习和工作中时常会遇到，熟练掌握这些词汇将有助于提高专业能力和与国际同行交流的能力。
电气工程及其自动化专业_外文文献_英文文献_外文翻译_plc方面.
1、外文原文A: Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputerTh e si ng le -c hi p m ic ro co mp ut er i s t he c ul mi na ti on of both t h e de ve lo pm en t of the dig it al com pu te r an d th e in te gr at ed c i rc ui t arg ua bl y t h e tow m os t s ig ni f ic an t i nv en ti on s o f t he 20th c e nt ur y [1].Th es e tow type s of arch it ec tu re are foun d in sin g le -ch i p m i cr oc om pu te r. Som e empl oy the spli t prog ra m/da ta me mo ry of the H a rv ar d ar ch it ect u re , sh ow n in Fig.3-5A -1, oth ers fo ll ow the p h il os op hy , wi del y ada pt ed for gen er al -p ur po se com pu te rs and m i cr op ro ce ss o r s, o f ma ki ng no log i ca l di st in ct ion be tw ee n p r og ra m and dat a me mo ry as in the Pr in ce to n arch ite c tu re , show n i n Fig.3-5A-2.In gen er al ter ms a sin gl e -chi p mic ro co mp ut er i sc h ar ac te ri zed b y t he i nc or po ra ti on of a ll t he un it s of a co mp uter i n to a sin gl e d ev i ce , as sho wn inFi g3-5A -3.Fig.3-5A-1 A Harvard typeFig.3-5A-2. A conventional Princeton computerFig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputerRead only memory (ROM.R OM is usua ll y for the pe rm an ent,n o n-vo la ti le stor a ge of an app lic a ti on s pr og ra m .M an ym i cr oc om pu te rs and m are inte nd e d for high -v ol um e ap pl ic at ions a n d he nc e t h e eco n om ic al man uf act u re of th e de vic e s re qu ir es t h at t he cont en t s o f t he prog ra m me m or y be co mm it t ed perm a ne ntly d u ri ng the man ufa c tu re of ch ip s .Cl ea rl y, thi s im pl ie s a r i go ro us app ro ach to ROM cod e deve l op me nt sin ce cha ng es can not b e mad e afte r manu f a c tu re .Th is dev e lo pm en t proc ess may invo lv e e m ul at io n us in g aso ph is ti ca te d de ve lo pm en t sy ste m wit h a h a rd wa re emu la tio n cap ab il it y as w el l as the use o f po we rf ul s o ft wa re too ls.So me man uf act u re rs pro vi de add it io na l RO M opt i on s by i n cl ud in g in their ra n ge dev ic es wit h (or int en de d fo r use wit h u s er pro gr am ma ble me mo ry. Th e sim p le st of th es e is usu al ly d e vi ce whi ch can op er at e in a micro p ro ce ssor mod e by usi ng som e o f the inp ut /outp u t li ne s as an ad dr es s an d da ta b us fora c ce ss in g ex te rna l mem or y. Thi s t y pe of de vi ce can beh av ef u nc ti on al ly as th e sing le chip mi cr oc om pu te r from whi ch it is d e ri ve d al be it wit h re st ri ct ed I/O and a mod if ied ex te rn al c i rc ui t. The use of thes e d ev ic es is com mo n eve n in prod uc ti on c i rc ui ts wher e t he vo lu me does no tj us ti f y t h e d ev el o pm en t c osts o f c us to m o n -ch i p R OM [2];t he re c a n s ti ll bea s ignif i ca nt saving i n I /O and o th er c h ip s com pa re d to a conv en ti on al mi c ro pr oc es sor b a se d ci rc ui t. Mor e ex ac t re pl ace m en t fo r RO M dev i ce s ca n be o b ta in ed in th e fo rm of va ri an ts w it h 'p ig gy -b ack 'E P RO M(Er as ab le pro gr am ma bl e ROM s oc ke ts or dev ic e s with EPROM i n st ea d o f RO M 。
自动化专业英语原文和翻译
自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Field of EngineeringIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in various industries, and the field of engineering is no exception. In this document, we will explore the importance of automation in engineering and its impact on various aspects of the industry. We will also provide a detailed analysis of the benefits and challenges associated with automation in engineering. Additionally, we will discuss the significance of specialized English language skills in the automation profession and provide a translated version of the content in Chinese.Importance of Automation in Engineering:Automation has revolutionized the engineering industry by enhancing productivity, efficiency, and accuracy. It involves the use of advanced technologies and systems to control and monitor various engineering processes. Automation enables engineers to streamline operations, reduce manual labor, and improve overall performance. It plays a vital role in areas such as manufacturing, construction, energy, transportation, and telecommunications.Benefits of Automation in Engineering:1. Increased Productivity: Automation eliminates repetitive and mundane tasks, allowing engineers to focus on more complex and strategic activities. This leads to increased productivity and faster project completion.2. Improved Efficiency: Automated systems can perform tasks more efficiently than humans, resulting in reduced errors and improved quality of work.3. Enhanced Safety: Automation reduces the risk of accidents and injuries by replacing manual labor with machines in hazardous environments.4. Cost Savings: By automating processes, companies can reduce labor costs, minimize waste, and optimize resource utilization, leading to significant cost savings.5. Better Decision-Making: Automation provides engineers with real-time data and analytics, enabling them to make informed decisions and optimize processes for better outcomes.Challenges of Automation in Engineering:1. Initial Investment: Implementing automation systems requires a significant upfront investment in technology, infrastructure, and training.2. Technological Complexity: Automation involves advanced technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, which require specialized knowledge and expertise to operate and maintain.3. Workforce Adaptability: Automation may lead to job displacement and require the workforce to acquire new skills to adapt to the changing industry landscape.4. Cybersecurity Risks: With increased reliance on interconnected systems, the risk of cyber threats and data breaches becomes a significant concern in automated engineering environments.Importance of Specialized English Language Skills in Automation:English language proficiency is crucial for professionals in the automation field due to the global nature of the industry. Engineers need to communicate effectively with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders from different countries. Additionally, technical documentation, research papers, and industry standards are often written in English. Proficiency in specialized English terminology related to automation is essential for clear and accurate communication.Translation in Chinese (简体中文翻译):工程自动化的重要性：自动化在各个行业中都发挥着重要作用，工程领域也不例外。
自动化专业英语原文和翻译
自动化专业英语原文和翻译Title: Introduction to Automation EngineeringIntroduction:Automation Engineering is a specialized field that combines engineering principles with computer science to design, develop, and implement automated systems. This text aims to provide an overview of Automation Engineering, covering its key concepts, applications, and future prospects.1. Definition and Scope of Automation Engineering:Automation Engineering refers to the use of control systems and technology to automate industrial processes, reducing human intervention and increasing efficiency. It encompasses various disciplines such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and robotics. The scope of Automation Engineering includes the design, development, and maintenance of automated systems, as well as the integration of different components to achieve seamless operation.2. Key Concepts in Automation Engineering:2.1 Control Systems:Control systems are the backbone of automation. They monitor and regulate the behavior of machines and processes, ensuring they operate within desired parameters. Examples of control systems include Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Distributed Control Systems (DCS), and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.2.2 Sensors and Actuators:Sensors are used to measure physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate, providing real-time data to control systems. Actuators, on the other hand, aredevices that convert electrical signals into physical action, enabling control systems to manipulate machines and processes.2.3 Human-Machine Interface (HMI):HMI refers to the interface through which humans interact with automated systems. It includes displays, touch screens, and graphical user interfaces that allow operators to monitor and control processes effectively.2.4 Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI):Automation Engineering often involves the use of robotics and AI technologies. Robots are employed to perform repetitive or dangerous tasks, while AI algorithms enable machines to learn, adapt, and make decisions based on data analysis.3. Applications of Automation Engineering:Automation Engineering finds applications in various industries, including manufacturing, energy, transportation, and healthcare. Some common applications include:3.1 Industrial Automation:Automated systems are extensively used in manufacturing plants to streamline production processes, improve product quality, and enhance worker safety. Examples include robotic assembly lines, automated material handling systems, and computer-controlled machining.3.2 Energy Management:Automation plays a crucial role in optimizing energy consumption and improving efficiency in power generation and distribution systems. Smart grids, automated metering systems, and energy management software are some examples of automation applications in the energy sector.3.3 Transportation Systems:Automation is transforming transportation systems, with the development of self-driving cars, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and intelligent traffic control systems. These technologies aim to improve road safety, reduce congestion, and enhance overall transportation efficiency.3.4 Healthcare Automation:Automation is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling accurate diagnosis, precise surgical procedures, and efficient patient monitoring. Robotic surgery, automated drug dispensing systems, and remote patient monitoring are examples of automation in healthcare.4. Future Trends and Challenges:Automation Engineering is a rapidly evolving field, driven by advancements in technology and the need for increased productivity. Some future trends and challenges include:4.1 Internet of Things (IoT):The integration of automation systems with IoT technologies allows for seamless connectivity and data exchange between devices, enabling more intelligent and efficient automation solutions.4.2 Big Data and Analytics:The abundance of data generated by automated systems presents opportunities for data analysis and predictive maintenance. Analytics tools can help identify patterns, optimize processes, and improve system performance.4.3 Cybersecurity:As automation systems become more interconnected, the need for robust cybersecurity measures becomes paramount. Protecting critical infrastructure and preventing unauthorized access or data breaches are significant challenges in the field of automation.4.4 Ethical Considerations:Automation raises ethical questions regarding job displacement, privacy concerns, and the impact on society. It is crucial to address these concerns and ensure that automation technologies are developed and deployed responsibly.Conclusion:Automation Engineering is a multidisciplinary field that plays a vital role in improving efficiency, productivity, and safety across various industries. This text provided an overview of key concepts, applications, and future trends in Automation Engineering. As technology continues to advance, the field of automation holds immense potential for innovation and growth.。
自动化专业常用英语词汇
自动化专业常用英语词汇自动化是一门涉及机械、电子、计算机和控制系统等多个领域的学科，它致力于研究和开发能够自动执行任务的系统和设备。
在自动化专业的学习和工作中，熟悉和掌握常用的英语词汇是非常重要的。
下面是自动化专业常用英语词汇的详细介绍。
1. Automation - 自动化Automation refers to the use of technology to control and operate a system or process without human intervention. It involves the use of various control systems, such as computers and robots, to perform tasks automatically.2. Control system - 控制系统A control system is a set of devices or software that manages and regulates the behavior of a system. It includes sensors, actuators, controllers, and communication networks that work together to maintain the desired performance of the system.3. Robotics - 机器人技术Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots. It involves the use of mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering principles to create machines that can perform tasks autonomously or with human assistance.4. Sensor - 传感器A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical inputs, such as light, temperature, pressure, or motion. It converts these inputs into electrical signals that can be processed by a control system.5. Actuator - 执行器An actuator is a device that converts electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic energy into mechanical motion. It is used to control or move a mechanism or system, such as opening or closing a valve or moving a robotic arm.6. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) - 可编程逻辑控制器A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a specialized computer used to control and automate industrial processes. It is programmable and can be easily reconfigured to adapt to different tasks or requirements.7. Human-Machine Interface (HMI) - 人机界面The human-machine interface (HMI) is the user interface through which an operator interacts with a control system. It typically consists of a graphical display, buttons, and other input/output devices that allow the operator to monitor and control the system.8. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) - 监控与数据采集系统Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a system used to monitor and control industrial processes. It collects real-time data from various sensors and devices and provides a graphical interface for operators to monitor and control the system.9. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) - 工业物联网The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to the use of internet-connected devices and sensors in industrial settings to collect and exchange data. It enables real-time monitoring, analysis, and control of industrial processes, leading to improved efficiency and productivity.10. Machine Learning - 机器学习Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that focuses on the development of algorithms and models that allow computers to learn and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. It is widely used in automation to improve system performance and decision-making.11. Control loop - 控制回路A control loop is a closed-loop system that continuously monitors and adjusts the output of a process to maintain a desired setpoint. It typically consists of a sensor, controller, and actuator that work together to regulate the system.12. Feedback - 反馈Feedback is the process of returning a portion of the output of a system back to the input for comparison and adjustment. It is used in control systems to continuously monitor and correct deviations from the desired performance.13. PID controller - 比例-积分-微分控制器A PID controller is a type of control algorithm that uses proportional, integral, and derivative actions to control a system. It is widely used in automation to achieve accurate and stable control of processes.14. Fault diagnosis - 故障诊断Fault diagnosis is the process of identifying and diagnosing faults or malfunctions in a system. It involves analyzing sensor data, system behavior, and performance to determine the cause of the problem and take appropriate corrective actions.15. Safety system - 安全系统A safety system is a set of measures and devices designed to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. It includes emergency stop buttons, safety interlocks, and protective barriers to minimize the risk of injury or damage.以上是自动化专业常用英语词汇的详细介绍。
电气工程及其自动化专业 外文文献 英文文献 外文翻译 plc方面
1、外文原文（复印件）A: Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputerTh e si ng le-ch i p mi cr oc om pu ter is t he c ul mi nat i on o f bo th t h e d ev el op me nt o f th e d ig it al com p ut er an d t he int e gr at ed ci rc ui ta r gu ab ly th e t ow m os t s i gn if ic ant i nv en ti on s o f t h e 20t h c en tu ry[1].Th es e to w typ e s of a rc hi te ctu r e ar e fo un d i n s in gl e-ch ip m i cr oc om pu te r. So m e em pl oy t he sp l it p ro gr am/d ata me mo ry o f th e H a rv ar d ar ch it ect u re, sh ow n i n -5A, ot he rs fo ll ow th e ph i lo so ph y, w i de ly a da pt ed fo r g en er al-p ur pos e c om pu te rs an d m i cr op ro ce ss or s, o f m a ki ng no lo gi c al di st in ct io n b e tw ee n p ro gr am a n d da t a m em ory a s i n th e Pr in cet o n ar ch it ec tu re,sh ow n in-5A.In g en er al te r ms a s in gl e-chi p m ic ro co mp ut er i sc h ar ac te ri zed b y the i nc or po ra tio n of al l t he uni t s o f a co mp ut er i n to a s in gl e dev i ce, as s ho wn in Fi g3-5A-3.-5A-1 A Harvard type-5A. A conventional Princeton computerFig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputerRead only memory (ROM).R OM i s u su al ly f or th e p er ma ne nt, n o n-vo la ti le s tor a ge o f an a pp lic a ti on s pr og ra m .M an ym i cr oc om pu te rs an d mi cr oc on tr ol le r s a re in t en de d fo r h ig h-v ol ume a p pl ic at io ns a nd h en ce t he e co nom i ca l ma nu fa ct ure of t he d ev ic es r e qu ir es t ha t the co nt en ts o f the pr og ra m me mo ry b e co mm it te dp e rm an en tl y d ur in g th e m an uf ac tu re o f c hi ps . Cl ear l y, th is im pl ie sa ri g or ou s a pp roa c h t o R OM co de d e ve lo pm en t s in ce c ha ng es ca nn otb e m ad e af te r man u fa ct ur e .T hi s d e ve lo pm en t pr oce s s ma y in vo lv e e m ul at io n us in g a s op hi st ic at ed deve lo pm en t sy st em w i th a ha rd wa re e m ul at io n ca pa bil i ty a s we ll a s th e u se of po we rf ul so ft wa re t oo ls.So me m an uf act u re rs p ro vi de ad d it io na l RO M opt i on s byi n cl ud in g i n th ei r ra ng e de vi ce s wi th (or i nt en de d fo r us e wi th) u s er pr og ra mm ab le m em or y. Th e s im p le st of th es e i s us ua ll y d ev ice w h ic h ca n op er ate in a m ic ro pr oce s so r mo de b y usi n g so me o f th e i n pu t/ou tp ut li ne s as a n ad dr es s an d da ta b us f or acc e ss in g e xt er na l m e mo ry. T hi s t ype o f d ev ic e c an b e ha ve fu nc ti on al l y a s t he si ng le c h ip mi cr oc om pu te r fr om wh ic h i t i s de ri ve d a lb eit w it h r es tr ic ted I/O an d a mo di fie d e xt er na l ci rcu i t. T he u se o f t h es e RO Ml es sd e vi ce s is c om mo n e ve n in p ro du ct io n c ir cu it s wh er e t he v ol um e do es n o t ju st if y th e d e ve lo pm en t co sts of c us to m on-ch i p RO M[2];t he re c a n st il l b e a si g ni fi ca nt s a vi ng in I/O a nd ot he r c hi ps co mp ar ed t o a c on ve nt io nal mi cr op ro ce ss or b as ed c ir cu it. M o re e xa ctr e pl ac em en t fo r RO M d ev ic es c an b e o bt ai ne d in t he f o rm o f va ri an ts w i th 'pi gg y-ba ck'EP RO M(Er as ab le p ro gr am ma bl e ROM)s oc ke ts o rd e vi ce s w it h EP ROM i ns te ad o f R OM 。
电气工程及其自动化专业外文文献英文文献外文翻译方面
1、 外文原文（复印件）A: Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputerT h e sin gle -ch ip mi c ro co m p u t e r is t h e cu lm in at io n of b ot h t h e d e ve lo p me nt of t h e d ig ita l co m p u t e r a n d t h e i nte g rated c ircu it a rgu ab l y t h e to w mo st s ign if i cant i nve nt i o n s of t h e 20t h c e nt u ry [1].T h ese to w t yp e s of arch ite ct u re are fo u n d in s in gle -ch ip m i cro co m p u te r. S o m e e mp l oy t h e sp l it p ro gra m /d at a m e m o r y of t h e H a r va rd arch ite ct u re , s h o wn in -5A , ot h e rs fo l lo w t h e p h i lo so p hy, wid e l y ad a p ted fo r ge n e ral -p u rp o se co m p u te rs an d m i cro p ro ce ss o rs , of m a kin g n o l o g i ca l d i st in ct i o n b et we e n p ro gra m an d d ata m e m o r y as in t h e P rin c eto n a rch ite ct u re , sh o wn in -5A.In ge n e ra l te r m s a s in g le -ch ip m ic ro co m p u t e r is ch a ra cte r ized b y t h e in co r p o rat io n of all t h e u n its of a co mp u te r into a s in gle d e vi ce , as s h o w n in F i g3-5A-3.-5A-1A Harvard type-5A. A conventional Princeton computerProgrammemory Datamemory CPU Input& Output unitmemoryCPU Input& Output unitResetInterruptsPowerFig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputerRead only memory (ROM).RO M is u su a l l y fo r t h e p e r m an e nt , n o n -vo lat i le sto rage of an ap p l i cat io n s p ro g ram .M a ny m i c ro co m p u te rs a n d m i cro co nt ro l le rs are inte n d ed fo r h i gh -vo lu m e ap p l i cat io n s a n d h e n ce t h e e co n o m i cal man u fa c t u re of t h e d e vi ces re q u ires t h at t h e co nt e nts of t h e p ro gra m me mo r y b e co mm i ed p e r m a n e nt l y d u r in g t h e m a n u fa ct u re of c h ip s . C lea rl y, t h i s imp l ies a r i go ro u s ap p ro a ch to ROM co d e d e ve lo p m e nt s in ce ch an ges can n o t b e mad e af te r m an u fa ct u re .T h i s d e ve l o p m e nt p ro ces s m ay i nvo l ve e mu l at i o n u sin g a so p h ist icated d e ve lo p m e nt syste m wit h a h ard wa re e mu l at i o n capab i l it y as we ll as t h e u s e of p o we rf u l sof t war e to o l s.So m e m an u fa ct u re rs p ro vi d e ad d it i o n a l ROM o p t io n s b y in clu d in g in t h e i r ran ge d e v ic es w it h (o r inte n d ed fo r u s e wit h ) u se r p ro g ram m a b le m e mo r y. T h e s im p lest of t h e se i s u su a l l y d e v i ce wh i ch can o p e rat e in a m i cro p ro ce s so r mo d e b y u s in g s o m e of t h e in p u t /o u t p u t l in es as an ad d res s a n d d ata b u s fo r a cc es sin g exte rn a l m e m o r y. T h is t yp e o f d e vi ce can b e h ave f u n ct i o n al l y as t h e s in gle ch ip m i cro co m p u t e r f ro m wh i ch it i s d e ri ved a lb e it wit h re st r icted I/O an d a m o d if ied exte rn a l c ircu it. T h e u s e of t h e se RO M le ss d e vi ces i s co mmo n e ve n in p ro d u ct io n circu i ts wh e re t h e vo lu m e d o e s n ot ju st if y t h e d e ve lo p m e nt co sts of cu sto m o n -ch ip ROM [2];t h e re ca n st i ll b e a si gn if i cant sav in g in I/O an d o t h e r ch ip s co m pared to a External Timing components System clock Timer/ Counter Serial I/O Prarallel I/O RAM ROMCPUco nve nt io n al m i c ro p ro ces so r b ased circ u it. M o re exa ct re p l a ce m e nt fo rRO M d e v ice s can b e o b tain ed in t h e fo rm of va ria nts w it h 'p i g g y-b a c k'E P ROM(E rasab le p ro gramm ab le ROM )s o cket s o r d e v ice s w it h E P ROMin stead of ROM 。
自动化专业常用英语词汇
自动化专业常用英语词汇1. Automation (自动化): The use of technology to perform tasks without human intervention.Example: Automation has greatly improved efficiency in manufacturing processes.2. Control system (控制系统): A system that manages and regulates the behavior of other systems or devices.Example: The control system ensures that the temperature in the room remains constant.3. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) (可编程逻辑控制器): A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.Example: The PLC is commonly used in industrial applications for controlling machinery.4. Sensor (传感器): A device that detects and responds to physical inputs from the environment.Example: The temperature sensor sends signals to the control system to adjust the heating system.5. Actuator (执行器): A device that converts energy into motion or physical action.Example: The actuator moves the robotic arm to perform specific tasks.6. Human-Machine Interface (HMI) (人机界面): The interface that allows interaction between humans and machines.Example: The HMI displays real-time data and allows users to control the automation system.7. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) (监控与数据采集系统): A system used to monitor and control industrial processes.Example: SCADA systems are commonly used in power plants and water treatment facilities.8. Robotics (机器人技术): The design, construction, and operation of robots.Example: Robotics has revolutionized manufacturing by automating repetitive tasks.9. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) (工业物联网): The network of interconnected devices and sensors in an industrial setting.Example: IIoT enables real-time monitoring and optimization of production processes.10. Artificial Intelligence (AI) (人工智能): The simulation of human intelligence in machines.Example: AI is used in autonomous vehicles to analyze data and make decisions.11. Machine Learning (机器学习): A subset of AI that allows machines to learn from data and improve performance without explicit programming.Example: Machine learning algorithms are used to predict equipment failures in predictive maintenance systems.12. Computer Vision (计算机视觉): The technology that enables computers to interpret and understand visual information.Example: Computer vision is used in quality control to detect defects in products.13. Industrial Automation (工业自动化): The application of automation technologies in industrial processes.Example: Industrial automation has increased productivity and reduced human error.14. Robotics Process Automation (RPA) (机器人流程自动化): The use of software robots to automate repetitive tasks.Example: RPA is used in finance departments to automate data entry and report generation.15. Control Loop (控制回路): The feedback loop that continuously adjusts the control system based on the system's output.Example: The control loop ensures that the speed of the motor remains constant.16. Supervisory Control (监控控制): The control of multiple processes or systems from a central location.Example: Supervisory control allows operators to monitor and control multiple production lines simultaneously.17. Process Optimization (过程优化): The improvement of processes to maximize efficiency and reduce waste.Example: Process optimization in a chemical plant can lead to cost savings and environmental benefits.18. Safety System (安全系统): The system designed to prevent accidents and protect workers in industrial environments.Example: The safety system automatically shuts down the machinery when a hazardous condition is detected.19. Fault Tolerance (容错性): The ability of a system to continue operating in the event of a failure.Example: Fault tolerance is crucial in critical infrastructure systems like power grids.20. Energy Efficiency (能源效率): The ratio of energy output to energy input in a system.Example: Energy efficiency measures in buildings can reduce energy consumption and lower costs.以上是自动化专业常用英语词汇的一些例子，希翼对您有所匡助。
自动化外文参考文献(精选120个最新)
自动化外文参考文献（精选120个最新）自动化外文参考文献（精选120个最新）本文关键词：外文，参考文献，自动化，精选，最新自动化外文参考文献（精选120个最新）本文简介：自动化（Automation）是指机器设备、系统或过程（生产、管理过程）在没有人或较少人的直接参与下，按照人的要求，经过自动检测、信息处理、分析判断、操纵控制，实现业绩预期的目标的过程。
下面是搜索整理的关于自动化参考文献，欢迎借鉴参考。
自动化外文释义一：[1]NazriNasir,Sha自动化外文参考文献（精选120个最新）本文内容：自动化（Automation）是指机器设备、系统或过程（生产、管理过程）在没有人或较少人的直接参与下，按照人的要求，经过自动检测、信息处理、分析判断、操纵控制，实现预期的目标的过程。
下面是搜索整理的关于自动化后面外文参考文献，欢迎借鉴参考。
自动化外文引文一：[1]Nazri Nasir,Shabudin Mat. An automated visual tracking measurement for quantifying wing and body motion of free-flying houseflies[J]. Measurement,2021,143.[2]Rishikesh Kulkarni,Earu Banoth,Parama Pal. Automated surface feature detection using fringe projection: An autoregressive modeling-based approach[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2021,121.[3]Tengyue Fang,Peicong Li,Kunning Lin,NengwangChen,Yiyong Jiang,Jixin Chen,Dongxing Yuan,Jian Ma. Simultaneous underway analysis of nitrate and nitrite inestuarine and coastal waters using an automated integrated syringe-pump-based environmental-water analyzer[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2021,1076.[4]Shengfeng Chen,Jian Liu,Xiaosong Zhang,XinyuSuo,Enhui Lu,Jilong Guo,Jianxun Xi. Development ofpositioning system for Nuclear-fuel rod automated assembly[J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2021,61.[5]Cheng-Ta Lee,Yu-Ching Lee,Albert Y. Chen. In-building automated external defibrillator location planning and assessment through building information models[J]. Automation in Construction,2021,106.[6]Torgeir Aleti,Jason I. Pallant,Annamaria Tuan,Tom van Laer. Tweeting with the Stars: Automated Text Analysis of the Effect of Celebrity Social Media ications on ConsumerWord of Mouth[J]. Journal of Interactive Marketing,2021,48.[7]Daniel Bacioiu,Geoff Melton,MayorkinosPapaelias,Rob Shaw. Automated defect classification of SS304 TIG welding process using visible spectrum camera and machine learning[J]. NDT and E International,2021,107.[8]Marcus von der Au,Max Schwinn,KatharinaKuhlmeier,Claudia Büchel,Bj?rn Meermann. Development of an automated on-line purification HPLC single cell-ICP-MS approach for fast diatom analysis[J]. Analytica ChimicaActa,2021,1077.[9]Jitendra Mehar,Ajam Shekh,Nethravathy M. U.,R. Sarada,Vikas Singh Chauhan,Sandeep Mudliar. Automation ofpilot-scale open raceway pond: A case study of CO 2 -fed pHcontrol on Spirulina biomass, protein and phycocyanin production[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization,2021,33.[10]John T. Sloop,Henry J.B. Bonilla,TinaHarville,Bradley T. Jones,George L. Donati. Automated matrix-matching calibration using standard dilution analysis withtwo internal standards and a simple three-port mixing chamber[J]. Talanta,2021,205.[11]Daniel J. Spade,Cathy Yue Bai,ChristyLambright,Justin M. Conley,Kim Boekelheide,L. Earl Gray. Corrigendum to “Validation of an automated counting procedure for phthalate-induced testicular multinucleated germ cells” [Toxicol. Lett. 290 (2021) 55–61][J]. Toxicology Letters,2021,313.[12]Christian P. Janssen,Shamsi T. Iqbal,Andrew L. Kun,Stella F. Donker. Interrupted by my car? Implications of interruption and interleaving research for automatedvehicles[J]. International Journal of Human - Computer Studies,2021,130.[13]Seunguk Lee,Si Kuan Thio,Sung-Yong Park,Sungwoo Bae. An automated 3D-printed smartphone platform integrated with optoelectrowetting (OEW) microfluidic chip for on-site monitoring of viable algae in water[J]. Harmful Algae,2021,88.[14]Yuxia Duan,Shicai Liu,Caiqi Hu,Junqi Hu,Hai Zhang,Yiqian Yan,Ning Tao,Cunlin Zhang,Xavier Maldague,Qiang Fang,Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo,Dapeng Chen,Xiaoli Li,Jianqiao Meng. Automated defect classification in infrared thermography based on a neural network[J]. NDT and E International,2021,107.[15]Alex M. Pagnozzi,Jurgen Fripp,Stephen E. Rose. Quantifying deep grey matter atrophy using automated segmentation approaches: A systematic review of structural MRI studies[J]. NeuroImage,2021,201.[16]Jin Ye,Zhihong Xuan,Bing Zhang,Yu Wu,LiLi,Songshan Wang,Gang Xie,Songxue Wang. Automated analysis of ochratoxin A in cereals and oil by iaffinity magnetic beads coupled to UPLC-FLD[J]. Food Control,2021,104.[17]Anne Bech Risum,Rasmus Bro. Using deep learning to evaluate peaks in chromatographic data[J].Talanta,2021,204.[18]Faris Elghaish,Sepehr Abrishami,M. Reza Hosseini,Soliman Abu-Samra,Mark Gaterell. Integrated project delivery with BIM: An automated EVM-based approach[J]. Automation in Construction,2021,106.[19]Carl J. Pearson,Michael Geden,Christopher B. Mayhorn. Who's the real expert here? Pedigree's unique bias on trust between human and automated advisers[J]. Applied Ergonomics,2021,81.[20]Vibhas Mishra,Dani?l M.J. Peeters,Mostafa M. Abdalla. Stiffness and buckling analysis of variablestiffness laminates including the effect of automated fibre placement defects[J]. Composite Structures,2021,226.[21]Jenny S. Wesche,Andreas Sonderegger. When computers take the lead: The automation of leadership[J]. Computers in Human Behavior,2021,101.[22]Murat Ayaz,Hüseyin Yüksel. Design of a new cost-efficient automation system for gas leak detection in industrial buildings[J]. Energy & Buildings,2021,200.[23]Stefan A. Mann,Juliane Heide,Thomas Knott,Razvan Airini,Florin Bogdan Epureanu,Alexandru-FlorianDeftu,Antonia-Teona Deftu,Beatrice Mihaela Radu,Bogdan Amuzescu. Recording of multiple ion current components and action potentials in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes via automated patch-clamp[J]. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods,2021,100.[24]Rhar? de Almeida Cardoso,Alexandre Cury,Flavio Barbosa. Automated real-time damage detection strategy using raw dynamic measurements[J]. Engineering Structures,2021,196.[25]Mengmeng Zhong,Tielong Wang,Chengdu Qi,Guilong Peng,Meiling Lu,Jun Huang,Lee Blaney,Gang Yu. Automated online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry investigation for simultaneous quantification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental waters[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2021,1602.[26]Pau Climent-Pér ez,Susanna Spinsante,Alex Mihailidis,Francisco Florez-Revuelta. A review on video-based active and assisted living technologies for automated lifelogging[J]. Expert Systems With Applications,2021,139.[27]William Snyder,Marisa Patti,Vanessa Troiani. An evaluation of automated tracing for orbitofrontal cortexsulcogyral pattern typing[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Methods,2021,326.[28]Juan Manuel Davila Delgado,LukumonOyedele,Anuoluwapo Ajayi,Lukman Akanbi,OlugbengaAkinade,Muhammad Bilal,Hakeem Owolabi. Robotics and automated systems in construction: Understanding industry-specific challenges for adoption[J]. Journal of Building Engineering,2021,26.[29]Mohamed Taher Alrefaie,Stever Summerskill,Thomas W Jackon. In a heart beat: Using driver’s physiological changes to determine the quality of a takeover in highly automated vehicles[J]. Accident Analysis andPrevention,2021,131.[30]Tawseef Ayoub Shaikh,Rashid Ali. Automated atrophy assessment for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis from brain MRI images[J]. Magnetic Resonance Imaging,2021,62.自动化外文参考文献二：[31]Vaanathi Sundaresan,Giovanna Zamboni,Campbell Le Heron,Peter M. Rothwell,Masud Husain,Marco Battaglini,Nicola De Stefano,Mark Jenkinson,Ludovica Griffanti. Automatedlesion segmentation with BIANCA: Impact of population-level features, classification algorithm and locally adaptive thresholding[J]. NeuroImage,2021,202.[32]Ho-Jun Suk,Edward S. Boyden,Ingrid van Welie. Advances in the automation of whole-cell patch clamp technology[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Methods,2021,326.[33]Ivana Duznovic,Mathias Diefenbach,Mubarak Ali,Tom Stein,Markus Biesalski,Wolfgang Ensinger. Automated measuring of mass transport through synthetic nanochannels functionalized with polyelectrolyte porous networks[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2021,591.[34]James A.D. Cameron,Patrick Savoie,Mary E.Kaye,Erik J. Scheme. Design considerations for the processing system of a CNN-based automated surveillance system[J]. Expert Systems With Applications,2021,136.[35]Ebrahim Azadniya,Gertrud E. Morlock. Automated piezoelectric spraying of biological and enzymatic assays for effect-directed analysis of planar chromatograms[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2021,1602.[36]Lilla Z?llei,Camilo Jaimes,Elie Saliba,P. Ellen Grant,Anastasia Yendiki. TRActs constrained by UnderLying INfant anatomy (TRACULInA): An automated probabilistic tractography tool with anatomical priors for use in the newborn brain[J]. NeuroImage,2021,199.[37]Kate?ina Fikarová,David J. Cocovi-Solberg,María Rosende,Burkhard Horstkotte,Hana Sklená?ová,Manuel Miró. A flow-based platform hyphenated to on-line liquid chromatography for automatic leaching tests of chemical additives from microplastics into seawater[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2021,1602.[38]Darko ?tern,Christian Payer,Martin Urschler. Automated age estimation from MRI volumes of the hand[J]. Medical Image Analysis,2021,58.[39]Jacques Blum,Holger Heumann,Eric Nardon,Xiao Song. Automating the design of tokamak experiment scenarios[J]. Journal of Computational Physics,2021,394.[40]Elton F. de S. Soares,Carlos Alberto V.Campos,Sidney C. de Lucena. Online travel mode detection method using automated machine learning and feature engineering[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems,2021,101.[41]M. Marouli,S. Pommé. Autom ated optical distance measurements for counting at a defined solid angle[J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2021,153.[42]Yi Dai,Zhen-Hua Yu,Jian-Bo Zhan,Bao-Shan Yue,Jiao Xie,Hao Wang,Xin-Sheng Chai. Determination of starch gelatinization temperatures by an automated headspace gas chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2021,1602.[43]Marius Tarp?,Tobias Friis,Peter Olsen,MartinJuul,Christos Georgakis,Rune Brincker. Automated reduction of statistical errors in the estimated correlation functionmatrix for operational modal analysis[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2021,132.[44]Wenxia Dai,Bisheng Yang,Xinlian Liang,ZhenDong,Ronggang Huang,Yunsheng Wang,Wuyan Li. Automated fusionof forest airborne and terrestrial point clouds throughcanopy density analysis[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2021,156.[45]Jyh-Haur Woo,Marcus Ang,Hla Myint Htoon,Donald Tan. Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Versus Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty andPenetrating Keratoplasty[J]. American Journal of Ophthalmology,2021,207.[46]F. Wilde,S. Marsen,T. Stange,D. Moseev,J.W. Oosterbeek,H.P. Laqua,R.C. Wolf,K. Avramidis,G.Gantenbein,I.Gr. Pagonakis,S. Illy,J. Jelonnek,M.K. Thumm,W7-X team. Automated mode recovery for gyrotrons demonstrated at Wendelstein 7-X[J]. Fusion Engineering and Design,2021,148.[47]Andrew Kozbial,Lekhana Bhandary,Shashi K. Murthy. Effect of yte seeding density on dendritic cell generation in an automated perfusion-based culture system[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2021,150.[48]Wen-Hao Su,Steven A. Fennimore,David C. Slaughter. Fluorescence imaging for rapid monitoring of translocation behaviour of systemic markers in snap beans for automatedcrop/weed discrimination[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2021,186.[49]Ki-Taek Lim,Dinesh K. Patel,Hoon Se,JanghoKim,Jong Hoon Chung. A fully automated bioreactor system for precise control of stem cell proliferation anddifferentiation[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal,2021,150.[50]Mitchell L. Cunningham,Michael A. Regan,Timothy Horberry,Kamal Weeratunga,Vinayak Dixit. Public opinion about automated vehicles in Australia: Results from a large-scale national survey[J]. Transportation Research Part A,2021,129.[51]Yi Xie,Qiaobei You,Pingyang Dai,Shuyi Wang,Peiyi Hong,Guokun Liu,Jun Yu,Xilong Sun,Yongming Zeng. How to achieve auto-identification in Raman analysis by spectral feature extraction & Adaptive Hypergraph[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2021,222.[52]Ozal Yildirim,Muhammed Talo,Betul Ay,Ulas Baran Baloglu,Galip Aydin,U. Rajendra Acharya. Automated detection of diabetic subject using pre-trained 2D-CNN models with frequency spectrum images extracted from heart ratesignals[J]. Computers in Biology and Medicine,2021,113.[53]Marius Kern,Laura Tusa,Thomas Lei?ner,Karl Gerald van den Boogaart,Jens Gutzmer. Optimal sensor selection for sensor-based sorting based on automated mineralogy data[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2021,234.[54]Karim Keddadouche,Régis Braucher,Didier L.Bourlès,Mélanie Baroni,Valéry Guillou,La?titia Léanni,Georges Auma?tre. Design and performance of an automated chemical extraction bench for the preparation of 10 Be and 26 Al targets to be analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry[J]. Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B,2021,456.[55]Christian P. Janssen,Stella F. Donker,Duncan P. Brumby,Andrew L. Kun. History and future of human-automation interaction[J]. International Journal of Human - Computer Studies,2021,131.[56]Victoriya Orlovskaya,Olga Fedorova,Michail Nadporojskii,Raisa Krasikova. A fully automated azeotropic drying free synthesis of O -(2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)- l -tyrosine ([ 18 F]FET) using tetrabutylammonium tosylate[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2021,152.[57]Dinesh Krishnamoorthy,Kjetil Fjalestad,Sigurd Skogestad. Optimal operation of oil and gas production usingsimple feedback control structures[J]. Control Engineering Practice,2021,91.[58]Nick Oliver,Thomas Calvard,Kristina Poto?nik. Safe limits, mindful organizing and loss of control in commercial aviation[J]. Safety Science,2021,120.[59]Bo Sui,Nils Lubbe,Jonas B?rgman. A clustering approach to developing car-to-two-wheeler test scenarios for the assessment of Automated Emergency Braking in China using in-depth Chinese crash data[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2021,132.[60]Ji-Seok Yoon,Eun Young Choi,Maliazurina Saad,Tae-Sun Choi. Automated integrated system for stained neuron detection: An end-to-end framework with a high negative predictive rate[J]. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine,2021,180.自动化外文参考文献八：[61]Min Wang,Barbara E. Glick-Wilson,Qi-Huang Zheng. Facile fully automated radiosynthesis and quality control of O -(2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)- l -tyrosine ([ 18 F]FET) for human brain tumor imaging[J]. Applied Radiation andIsotopes,2021,154.[62]Fabian Pütz,Finbarr Murphy,Martin Mullins,LisaO'Malley. Connected automated vehicles and insurance: Analysing future market-structure from a business ecosystem perspective[J]. Technology in Society,2021,59.[63]Victoria A. Banks,Neville A. Stanton,Katherine L. Plant. Who is responsible for automated driving? A macro-level insight into automated driving in the United Kingdom using the Risk Management Framework and Social NetworkAnalysis[J]. Applied Ergonomics,2021,81.[64]Yingjun Ye,Xiaohui Zhang,Jian Sun. Automated vehicle’s behavior decision making using deep reinforcement learning and high-fidelity simulation environment[J]. Transportation Research Part C,2021,107.[65]Hasan Alkaf,Jameleddine Hassine,TahaBinalialhag,Daniel Amyot. An automated change impact analysis approach for User Requirements Notation models[J]. TheJournal of Systems & Software,2021,157.[66]Zonghua Luo,Jiwei Gu,Robert C. Dennett,Gregory G. Gaehle,Joel S. Perlmutter,Delphine L. Chen,Tammie L.S. Benzinger,Zhude Tu. Automated production of a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) PET radiopharmaceutical [ 11C]CS1P1 for human use[J]. Applied Radiation andIsotopes,2021,152.[67]Sarfraz Qureshi,Wu Jiacheng,Jeroen Anton van Kan. Automated alignment and focusing system for nuclear microprobes[J]. Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B,2021,456.[68]Srikanth Sagar Bangaru,Chao Wang,MarwaHassan,Hyun Woo Jeon,Tarun Ayiluri. Estimation of the degreeof hydration of concrete through automated machine learning based microstructure analysis – A study on effect of image magnification[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics,2021,42.[69]Fang Tengyue,Li Peicong,Lin Kunning,Chen Nengwang,Jiang Yiyong,Chen Jixin,Yuan Dongxing,Ma Jian. Simultaneous underway analysis of nitrate and nitrite in estuarine and coastal waters using an automated integrated syringe-pump-based environmental-water analyzer.[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2021,1076.[70]Ramos Inês I,Carl Peter,Schneider RudolfJ,Segundo Marcela A. Automated lab-on-valve sequential injection ELISA for determination of carbamazepine.[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2021,1076.[71]Au Marcus von der,Schwinn Max,Kuhlmeier Katharina,Büchel Claudia,Meermann Bj?rn. Development of an automated on-line purification HPLC single cell-ICP-MS approach for fast diatom analysis.[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2021,1077.[72]Risum Anne Bech,Bro Rasmus. Using deep learning to evaluate peaks in chromatographic data.[J].Talanta,2021,204.[73]Spade Daniel J,Bai Cathy Yue,LambrightChristy,Conley Justin M,Boekelheide Kim,Gray L Earl. Corrigendum to "Validation of an automated counting procedure for phthalate-induced testicular multinucleated germ cells" [Toxicol. Lett. 290 (2021) 55-61].[J]. Toxicologyletters,2021,313.[74]Zhong Mengmeng,Wang Tielong,Qi Chengdu,Peng Guilong,Lu Meiling,Huang Jun,Blaney Lee,Yu Gang. Automated online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry investigation for simultaneousquantification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental waters.[J]. Journal of chromatography. 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自动化专业中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译Automation of professional developmentAutomation in the history of professional development, "industrial automation" professional and "control" professional development of the two main line, "industrial automation" professional from the first "industrial enterprises electrified" professional.In the 1950s, the New China was just founded, the 100-waste question, study the Soviet Union established system of higher education, Subdivision professional. Corresponding to the country in the construction of industrial automation and defense, military construction in automatic control, successively set up the "electrification of industrial enterprises" professional and "control" professional (at that time in many schools, "Control" professional secrecy is professional) . After several former professional name of evolution (see below), and gradually develop into a "biased towards applications, biased towards strong," Automation, and the latter to maintain professional name of "control" basically unchanged (in the early days also known as the "automatic learning And remote learning, "" Automatic Control System "professional), and gradually develop into a" biased towards theory, biased towards weak, "the automation professional, and come together in 1995, merged into aunified" automatic "professional . In 1998, according to the Ministry of Education announced the latest professional undergraduate colleges and universities directory, adjusted, the merger of the new "automated" professional include not only the original "automatic" professional (including "industrial automation" professional and "control" professional ), Also increased the "hydraulic transmission and control of" professional (part), "electrical technology" professional (part) and "aircraft guidance and control of" professional (part).Clearly, one of China's automation professional history of the development of China's higher education actually is a new development of the cause of a microcosm of the history, but also the history of New China industrial development of a miniature. Below "industrial automation" professional development of the main line of this example, a detailed review of its development process in the many professional name change (in real terms in the professional content changes) and its industrial building at the time of the close relationship.First a brief look at the world and China's professional division history. We know that now use the professional division is largely from the 19th century to the beginning of the second half of the first half of the 20th century stereotypes of the engineering, is basically industry (products) for the objects to the division, they have been the image of people Known as the "industry professionals" or "trade associations." At present the international education system in two categories, with Britain and the United States as the representative of the education system not yet out of "industry professionals" system, but has taken the "generalist" the road of education and the former Soviet Union for Europe (close to the Soviet Union) as the representative The education system, at the beginning of theimplementation of "professionals" education, professional-very small, although reforms repeatedly, but to the current "industry professionals" are still very obvious characteristics.In the 1950s, just after the founding of New China, a comprehensive study and the Soviet Union and sub-professional very small; Since reform and opening up, only to Britain and the United States to gradually as the representative of the education system to move closer, and gradually reduce the professional, the implementation of "generalist" education through a number of professional Restructuring and merger (the total number of professionals from the maximum of 1,343 kinds of gradually reducing the current 249 kinds), although not out of "industry professionals" and "Mei Ming," but many of the colleges and universities, mostly only one of a Professional, rather than the past more than a professional.Before that, China's first professional automation from the National University in 1952 when the first major readjustment of the establishment of professional - electrified professional industrial enterprises. At that time, the Soviet Union assistance to the construction of China's 156 large industrial enterprises, automation of much-needed electrical engineering and technical personnel, and such professional and technical personnel training, and then was very consistent with China's industrial construction. By the 1960s, professional name changed to "industrial electric and automation," the late 1970s when to resume enrollment "Electric Industrial Automation" professional. This is not only professional name changes, but has its profound meaning, it reflects China's industries from "electrified" step by step to the "automatic" into the real history and that part of the development trend of China's automation professional reflects how urgent countries Urgent for the country'seconomic construction services that period of history and development of real direction.1993, after four years of the third revision of the undergraduate professional directories, the State Education Commission issued a call "system integrity, more scientific and reasonable, the harmonization of norms," the "ordinary professional directory of undergraduate colleges and universities." "Electric Industrial Automation" and "production process automation" merger of the two professional electrician to set up a kind of "industrial automation" professional, by the then Ministry of Industry Machinery centralized management colleges and universities to set up industrial automation teaching guide at the Commission, responsible for the "Industrial Automation "professional teaching and guiding work at the same time," Control "was attributable to the professional category of electronic information, the then Ministry of Industry of electronic centralized management control to set up colleges and universities teaching guide at the Commission, responsible for the" control " Professional teaching guide our work. After the professional adjustment, further defined the "industrial automation" professional and "control" professional "- both strong and weak, hardware and software into consideration and control theory and practical system integration, and the movement control, process control and other targets of control "The common characteristics with the training objectives, but also the basic set of" industrial automation "biased towards strong, professional, biased towards applications," Control "professional biased towards weak, biased towards the theory of professional characteristics and pattern of division of labor. 1995, the State Education Commission promulgated the "(University) undergraduate engineering leading professional directory", the electrical category "industrialautomation" professional and the original electronic information such as "control" of professional electronic information into a new category of "automatic" professional . As this is the leading professional directory, are not enforced, coupled with general "industrial automation" strong or weak, both professional "into" a weak professional category of electronic information is not conducive to professional development and thus many Schools remain "industrial automation" professional and "control" the situation of professional co-exist. Since 1996 more, again commissioned by the Ministry of National Education Ministry of Industry and electronic machinery industries of other parts of the establishment of the new session (second session) centralized management guidance at the University Teaching Commission, making the leading professionals have not been effective Implemented.1998, to meet the country's economic construction of Kuan Koujing personnel training needs, further consolidation of professional and international "generalist" education track by the Ministry of Education announced a fourth revision of the latest "Universities Undergraduate Catalog." So far in the use of the directory, the total number of professionals from the third amendments to the 504 kinds of substantially reduced to 249 species, the original directory is strong, professional electrician and a weak professional category such as electronics and information into categories Electric power, the unity of Information, a former electrician at the same time kind of "industrial automation" professional and the type of electronic information "control" professional formal merger, together with the "hydraulic transmission and control of" professional (part) , "Electric technology" professional (part) and "aircraft guidance and controlof" professional (part), the composition of the new (enforcement) are electrical information such as "automatic" professional. According to statistics, so far the country has more than 200 colleges and universities set up this kind of "automatic" professional. If the name of automation as part of their professional expertise (such as "electrical engineering and automation," "mechanical design and manufacturing automation," "agricultural mechanization and automation" and other professionals) included Automation has undoubtedly is the largest in China A professional.Of the characteristics of China's automation professional:Recalling China's professional history of the development of automation, combined with the corresponding period of the construction of China's national economy to the demand for automation and automated the development of the cause, it is not difficult to sum up following professional characteristics:(1) China's automation professional is not only a relatively long history (since 1952 have been more than 50 years), and from the first day of the establishment of professional automation, has been a professional one of the countries in urgent need, therefore the number of students has also been The largest and most employers welcome the allocation of the professional one.(2) China's automation is accompanied by a professional from the electrification of China's industrial automation step by step to the development of stable development, professional direction and the main content from the first prominent electrified "the electrification of industrial enterprises" step by step for the development of both the electric and automation " Industrial electric and automation ", highlighting the electrical automation" Electric Industrial Automation "and prominent automation" industrial automation ", then the merger of professional education reform in1995 and" control "of professional content into a broader" automated " Professional. From which we can see that China's automation professional Although the initial study in the Soviet education system established under the general environment, but in their development and the Soviet Union or the United States and Britain did not copy the mode, but with China's national conditions (to meet national needs for The main goal) from the innovation and development of "cross-industry professionals," features the professional.自动化专业的发展自动化专业的发展历史中，有“工业自动化”专业与“自动控制”专业两条发展主线，其中“工业自动化”专业最早源于“工业企业电气化”专业。
自动化专业外文翻译----温度控制简介和PID控制器
毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译系别：电气工程系专业：电气工程及其自动化班级：姓名：学号：外文出处：Specialized English For ArchitecturalElectric Engineering and Automation附件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。
1、外文原文Introductions to temperature control and PID controllersProcess control system.Automatic process control is concerned with maintaining process variables temperatures pressures flows compositions, and the like at some desired operation value. Processes are dynamic in nature. Changes are always occurring, and if actions are nottaken, the important process variables-those related to safety, product quality, and production rates-will not achieve design conditions.In order to fix ideas, let us consider a heat exchanger in which a process stream is heated by condensing steam. The process is sketched in Fig.1Fig. 1 Heat exchangerThe purpose of this unit is to heat the process fluid from some inlet temperature, Ti(t), up to a certain desired outlet temperature, T(t). As mentioned, the heating medium is condensing steam.The energy gained by the process fluid is equal to the heat released by the steam, provided there are no heat losses to surroundings, iii that is, the heat exchanger andpiping are well insulated.In this process there are many variables that can change, causing the outlet temperature to deviate from its desired value. [21 If this happens, some action must be taken to correct for this deviation. That is, the objective is to control the outlet process temperature to maintain its desired value.One way to accomplish this objective is by first measuring the temperature T(t) , then comparing it to its desired value, and, based on this comparison, deciding what to do to correct for any deviation. The flow of steam can be used to correct for the deviation. This is, if the temperature is above its desired value, then the steam valve can be throttled back to cut the stearr flow (energy) to the heat exchanger. If the temperature is below its desired value, then the steam valve could be opened some more to increase the steam flow (energy) to the exchanger. All of these can be done manually by the operator, and since the procedure is fairly straightforward, it should present no problem. However, since in most process plants there are hundreds of variables that must be maintained at some desired value, this correction procedure would required a tremendous number of operators. Consequently, we would like to accomplish this control automatically. That is, we want to have instnnnents that control the variables wJtbom requ)ring intervention from the operator. (si This is what we mean by automatic process control.To accomplish ~his objective a control system must be designed and implemented.A possible control system and its basic components are shown in Fig.2.Fig. 2 Heat exchanger control loopThe first thing to do is to measure the outlet temperaVare of the process stream. A sensor (thermocouple, thermistors, etc) does this. This sensor is connected physically to a transmitter, which takes the output from the sensor and converts it to a signal strong enough to be transmitter to a controller. The controller then receives the signal, which is related to the temperature, and compares it with desired value. Depending on this comparison, the controller decides what to do to maintain the temperature at its desired value. Base on this decision, the controller then sends another signal to final control element, which in turn manipulates the steam flow.The preceding paragraph presents the four basic components of all control systems. They are(1) sensor, also often called the primary element.(2) transmitter, also called the secondary element.(3) controller, the "brain" of the control system.(4) final control system, often a control valve but not always. Other common final control elements are variable speed pumps, conveyors, and electric motors.The importance of these components is that they perform the three basic operations that must be present in every control system. These operations are(1) Measurement (M) : Measuring the variable to be controlled is usually done bythe combination of sensor and transmitter.(2) Decision (D): Based on the measurement, the controller must then decide what to do to maintain the variable at its desired value.(3) Action (A): As a result of the controller's decision, the system must then take an action. This is usually accomplished by the final control element.As mentioned, these three operations, M, D, and A, must be present in every control system.PID controllers can be stand-alone controllers (also called single loop controllers), controllers in PLCs, embedded controllers, or software in Visual Basic or C# computer programs.PID controllers are process controllers with the following characteristics:Continuous process controlAnalog input (also known as "measuremem" or "Process Variable" or "PV")Analog output (referred to simply as "output")Setpoint (SP)Proportional (P), Integral (I), and/or Derivative (D) constantsExamples of "continuous process control" are temperature, pressure, flow, and level control. For example, controlling the heating of a tank. For simple control, you have two temperature limit sensors (one low and one high) and then switch the heater on when the low temperature limit sensor tums on and then mm the heater off when the temperature rises to the high temperature limit sensor. This is similar to most home air conditioning & heating thermostats.In contrast, the PID controller would receive input as the actual temperature and control a valve that regulates the flow of gas to the heater. The PID controller automatically finds the correct (constant) flow of gas to the heater that keeps the temperature steady at the setpoint. Instead of the temperature bouncing back and forth between two points, the temperature is held steady. If the setpoint is lowered, then the PID controller automatically reduces the amount of gas flowing to the heater. If the setpoint is raised, then the PID controller automatically increases the amount of gas flowing to the heater. Likewise the PID controller would automatically for hot, sunnydays (when it is hotter outside the heater) and for cold, cloudy days.The analog input (measurement) is called the "process variable" or "PV". You want the PV to be a highly accurate indication of the process parameter you are trying to control. For example, if you want to maintain a temperature of + or -- one degree then we typically strive for at least ten times that or one-tenth of a degree. If the analog input is a 12 bit analog input and the temperature range for the sensor is 0 to 400 degrees then our "theoretical" accuracy is calculated to be 400 degrees divided by 4,096 (12 bits) =0.09765625 degrees. [~] We say "theoretical" because it would assume there was no noise and error in our temperature sensor, wiring, and analog converter. There are other assumptions such as linearity, etc.. The point being--with 1/10 of a degree "theoretical" accuracy--even with the usual amount of noise and other problems-- one degree of accuracy should easily be attainable.The analog output is often simply referred to as "output". Often this is given as 0~100 percent. In this heating example, it would mean the valve is totally closed (0%) or totally open (100%).The setpoint (SP) is simply--what process value do you want. In this example--what temperature do you want the process at?The PID controller's job is to maintain the output at a level so that there is no difference (error) between the process variable (PV) and the setpoint (SP).In Fig. 3, the valve could be controlling the gas going to a heater, the chilling of a cooler, the pressure in a pipe, the flow through a pipe, the level in a tank, or any other process control system. What the PID controller is looking at is the difference (or "error") between the PV and the SP.P，I，&DDifference error PID controlprocessvariableFig .3 PIDcontrolIt looks at the absolute error and the rate of change of error. Absolute error means--is there a big difference in the PV and SP or a little difference? Rate of change of error means--is the difference between the PV or SP getting smaller or larger as time goes on.When there is a "process upset", meaning, when the process variable or the setpoint quickly changes--the PID controller has to quickly change the output to get the process variable back equal to the setpoint. If you have a walk-in cooler with a PID controller and someone opens the door and walks in, the temperature (process variable) could rise very quickly. Therefore the PID controller has to increase the cooling (output) to compensate for this rise in temperature.Once the PID controller has the process variable equal to the setpoint, a good PID controller will not vary the output. You want the output to be very steady (not changing) . If the valve (motor, or other control element) is constantly changing, instead of maintaining a constant value, this could cause more wear on the control element.So there are these two contradictory goals. Fast response (fast change in output) when there is a "process upset", but slow response (steady output) when the PV is close to the setpoint.Note that the output often goes past (over shoots) the steady-state output to get the process back to the setpoint. For example, a cooler may normally have its cooling valve open 34% to maintain zero degrees (after the cooler has been closed up and the temperature settled down). If someone opens the cooler, walks in, walks around to find something, then walks back out, and then closes the cooler door--the PID controller is freaking out because the temperature may have raised 20 degrees! So it may crank the cooling valve open to 50, 75, or even 100 percent--to hurry up and cool the cooler back down--before slowly closing the cooling valve back down to 34 percent.Let's think about how to design a PID controller.We focus on the difference (error) between the process variable (PV) and the setpoint (SP). There are three ways we can view the error.The absolute errorThis means how big is the difference between the PV and SP. If there is a small difference between the PV and the SP--then let's make a small change in the output. If there is a large difference in the PV and SP--then let's make a large change in the output. Absolute error is the "proportional" (P) component of the PID controller.The sum of errors over timeGive us a minute and we will show why simply looking at the absolute error (proportional) only is a problem. The sum of errors over time is important and is called the "integral" (I) component of the PID controller. Every time we run the PID algorithm we add the latest error to the sum of errors. In other words Sum of Errors = Error 1 q- Error2 + Error3 + Error4 + ....The dead timeDead time refers to the delay between making a change in the output and seeing the change reflected in the PV. The classical example is getting your oven at the right temperature. When you first mm on the heat, it takes a while for the oven to "heat up". This is the dead time. If you set an initial temperature, wait for the oven to reach the initial temperature, and then you determine that you set the wrong temperature--then it will take a while for the oven to reach the new temperature setpoint. This is also referred to as the "derivative" (D) component of the PID controller. This holds some future changes back because the changes in the output have been made but are not reflected in the process variable yet.Absolute Error/ProportionalOne of the first ideas people usually have about designing an automatic process controller is what we call "proportional". Meaning, if the difference between the PV and SP is small--then let's make a small correction to the output. If the difference between the PV and SP is large-- then let's make a larger correction to the output. Thisidea certainly makes sense.We simulated a proportional only controller in Microsoft Excel. Fig.4 is the chart showing the results of the first simulation (DEADTIME = 0, proportional only): Proportional and Integral ControllersThe integral portion of the PID controller accounts for the offset problem in a proportional only controller. We have another Excel spreadsheet that simulates a PID controller with proportional and integral control. Here (Fig. 5) is a chart of the first simulation with proportional and integral (DEADTIME :0, proportional = 0.4).As you can tell, the PI controller is much better than just the P controller. However, dead time of zero (as shown in the graph) is not common.Fig .4 The simulation chartDerivative ControlDerivative control takes into consideration that if you change the output, then it takes tim for that change to be reflected in the input (PV).For example, let's take heating of the oven.Fig.5The simulation chartIf we start turning up the gas flow, it will take time for the heat to be produced, the heat to flow around the oven, and for the temperature sensor to detect the increased heat. Derivative control sort of "holds back" the PID controller because some increase in temperature will occur without needing to increase the output further. Setting the derivative constant correctly allows you to become more aggressive with the P & Iconstants.2、外文资料翻译译文温度控制简介和PID控制器过程控制系统自动过程控制系统是指将被控量为温度、压力、流量、成份等类型的过程变量保持在理想的运行值的系统。
自动化专业英语原文和翻译
自动化专业英语原文和翻译引言概述：自动化是现代工程技术领域中的重要学科，它涉及到自动控制系统、机器人技术、传感器技术等多个领域。
在自动化专业中，学习和掌握英语是必不可少的，因为英语是国际通用语言，也是自动化领域中的重要交流工具。
本文将介绍一些常见的自动化专业英语原文和翻译，以帮助学习者更好地理解和运用这些术语。
一、自动化概念及应用1.1 自动化定义英文原文：Automation refers to the use of technology to control and operate processes or systems without human intervention.翻译：自动化是指利用技术来控制和操作过程或系统，无需人为干预。
1.2 自动化应用领域英文原文：Automation is widely applied in manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and many other industries.翻译：自动化广泛应用于制造业、交通运输、医疗保健等许多行业。
1.3 自动化优势英文原文：Automation offers advantages such as increased productivity, improved efficiency, and enhanced safety.翻译：自动化提供了增加生产力、提高效率和增强安全性等优势。
二、自动控制系统2.1 自动控制系统定义英文原文：An automatic control system is a set of devices that manage and regulate the behavior of a system or process automatically.翻译：自动控制系统是一组设备，能够自动管理和调节系统或过程的行为。
2.2 自动控制系统组成英文原文：An automatic control system consists of sensors, actuators, controllers, and communication networks.翻译：自动控制系统由传感器、执行器、控制器和通信网络组成。
自动化专业翻译必备词汇
自动化专业翻译必备词汇自动化专业是现代工程技术中的重要领域，涉及到各种自动化系统的设计、开发和应用。
在进行自动化专业翻译时，熟悉相关的专业术语是非常重要的。
下面是一些自动化专业翻译中必备的词汇及其解释，以帮助您更好地理解和翻译相关文本。
1. Automation（自动化）Automation refers to the use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. It involves the design and implementation of systems or processes that can operate automatically.2. Control system（控制系统）A control system is a set of devices or software that manages, regulates, and directs the behavior of other devices or systems. It ensures that the desired output is achieved by adjusting the input or parameters.3. PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller. It is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes. PLCs are widely used in industrial control systems to monitor and control machinery and processes.4. SCADA（监控与数据采集系统）SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It refers to a system that collects and analyzes real-time data from various remote locations. SCADA systems are commonly used in industries such as power plants, water treatment plants, and manufacturing facilities.5. HMI（人机界面）HMI stands for Human-Machine Interface. It is a graphical interface that allows users to interact with machines or systems. HMIs provide visual representations of data and enable operators to control and monitor processes.6. Sensor（传感器）A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical or environmental changes. It converts the measured data into electrical signals that can be processed by other devices or systems. Sensors are used to collect data for automation and control purposes.7. Actuator（执行器）An actuator is a device that converts electrical signals into physical action. It is used to control or move mechanical systems. Actuators are commonly used in automation systems to perform specific tasks or functions.8. Robotics（机器人技术）Robotics refers to the design, construction, and operation of robots. Robots are programmable machines that can perform tasks autonomously or with minimal human intervention. Robotics is an important field in automation technology.9. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)（工业物联网）IIoT refers to the network of interconnected devices, sensors, and systems in an industrial setting. It enables the exchange of data and information between machines, allowing for improved automation, efficiency, and productivity.10. Control algorithm（控制算法）A control algorithm is a set of mathematical equations or rules that determine how a control system behaves. It defines the relationship between the input and output variables and guides the system's response to achieve the desired control objectives.11. Feedback loop（反馈环路）A feedback loop is a mechanism in a control system that uses the output of a process to modify the input or parameters. It allows the system to continuously adjust and improve its performance based on the feedback received.12. PID controller（比例积分微分控制器）PID controller stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller. It is a control algorithm widely used in industrial automation. The PID controller continuously calculates and adjusts the control signal based on the error between the desired setpoint and the measured process variable.13. Programmable automation（可编程自动化）Programmable automation refers to the use of programmable devices or systems to automate processes or tasks. It allows for flexibility and adaptability in changing or reprogramming the automation logic as needed.14. System integration（系统集成）System integration is the process of combining different subsystems or components into a unified and cohesive system. It involves connecting and coordinating various hardware and software elements to ensure seamless operation and communication.15. Fault diagnosis（故障诊断）Fault diagnosis is the process of identifying and analyzing faults or malfunctions in a system. It involves detecting, isolating, and troubleshooting problems to restore the system's normal operation.以上是一些自动化专业翻译中常用的词汇及其解释。
自动化专业英语原文和翻译
自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Field of EngineeringIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in various industries, including the field of engineering. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of automation in engineering, its significance, and its impact on various sectors. Additionally, it will discuss the importance of English proficiency in the automation industry, providing an original English text along with its translation.1. The Significance of Automation in Engineering:Automation refers to the use of technology and machines to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. In the field of engineering, automation has revolutionized processes, increasing efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. It has enabled engineers to focus on more complex and creative tasks, leaving repetitive and mundane tasks to automated systems.2. Automation in Various Engineering Sectors:2.1 Manufacturing Industry:Automation has transformed the manufacturing industry by introducing advanced robotics and computer-controlled systems. Assembly lines and production processes are now automated, resulting in faster production, reduced errors, and improved quality control. This has led to increased productivity and cost-effectiveness.2.2 Construction Industry:Automation has also made significant strides in the construction industry. Robotic systems can now perform tasks such as bricklaying, concrete pouring, and welding, reducing the need for manual labor. This not only enhances safety but also accelerates project completion, resulting in cost savings and improved efficiency.2.3 Energy Sector:Automation has revolutionized the energy sector, particularly in power generation and distribution. Automated systems monitor and control energy production, ensuring optimal performance and minimizing downtime. Additionally, smart grids enable efficient energy distribution and consumption, contributing to sustainability and reducing environmental impact.2.4 Transportation and Logistics:Automation has greatly impacted the transportation and logistics sector. Automated systems such as conveyor belts, robotic arms, and autonomous vehicles streamline operations, reducing manual labor and human error. This leads to faster and more efficient transportation of goods, improving supply chain management.3. English Proficiency in the Automation Industry:English proficiency is crucial in the automation industry due to its global nature. Engineers and professionals in this field need to communicate and collaborate with colleagues, clients, and suppliers from different countries. Effective communication ensures the successful implementation and operation of automated systems.Original English Text:"The integration of automation in engineering has revolutionized industries worldwide. From manufacturing to construction, automation has enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. With the advent of advanced robotics and computer-controlled systems, engineers can now focus on more complex tasks while leaving repetitive tasks to automated systems. Moreover, automation has significantly impacted the energy sector, transportation, and logistics, leading to cost savings and improved sustainability. English proficiency is essential in this industry as it enables effective communication and collaboration with international stakeholders."Translation:"工程领域中自动化的融合已经在全球范围内引起了革命性的变化。
电气工程与其自动化专业_外文文献_英文文献_外文翻译_plc方面
1、外文原文A: Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputerTh e si ng le -c hi p mic ro co mput er i s t he c ul mi na ti on of both t h e de ve lo pmen t o f t he d ig it al co m pu te r an d th e i n te gr at ed c i rc ui t a rg ua bl y t h e to w mos t s ig ni f ic an t i nv en ti on s of t he 20th c e nt ur y [1].Th es e t ow ty pe s of ar ch it ec tu re a re fo un d i n s in gle -ch i p m i cr oc ompu te r. So me em pl oy t he spl i t pr og ra m/da ta memory o f th e Ha rv ar d ar ch it ect ure , sh own in Fi g.3-5A-1, o th ers fo ll ow t he ph il os op hy , wi del y a da pt ed f or ge ner al -pur po se co m pu te rs a nd m i cr op ro ce ss or s, o f maki ng n o log i ca l di st in ct ion be tw ee n pr og ra m an d d at a memory a s i n t he P r in ce to n ar ch ite c tu re , sh own i n F ig.3-5A-2.In g en er al te r ms a s in gl e -chi p m ic ro co mput er i sc h ar ac te ri zed by t he i nc or po ra ti on of a ll t he un it s of a co mputer i n to a s in gl e d ev i ce , as s ho wn in Fi g3-5A-3.Fig.3-5A-1 A Harvard typeProgrammemory DatamemoryCPU Input&Outputunitmemory CPU Input&OutputunitFig.3-5A-2. A conventional Princeton computerReset Interrupts PowerFig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputerRead only memory (ROM).R OM i s us ua ll y f or th e p erm an ent, no n-vo la ti le s tor age o f an a pp lic ati on s pr og ra m .Man ym i cr oc ompu te rs an d m ar e in te nd e d f or hi gh -v ol ume a ppl ic at ions an d he nc e t he eco nomic al m an uf act ure o f th e de vic es re qu ir es t h at t he co nt en t s of t he pr og ra m mem or y b e co mm it t ed pe rm ane ntly du ri ng t he m an ufa c tu re o f ch ip s .Cl ea rl y, t hi s i mpl ie s a r i go ro us a pp ro ach to R OM c od e de ve l op ment s in ce ch ang es c an not be mad e af te r manu f ac tu re .Th is d ev elo pmen t pr oc ess ma y in vo lv e emul at io n us in g a so ph is ti ca te d d eve lo pmen t sy ste m w it h a ha rd ware e mula tio n c ap ab il it y as wel l as t he u se o f po werf ul s o ft ware t oo ls.Some m an uf act ure rs p ro vi de ad d it io na l ROM opt i on s byi n cl ud in g i n th eir r ange d ev ic es wi t h (or i nt en de d f or u se wit h)us er p ro gr ammable memory. Th e sim ple st o f th es e i s u su al lyde vi ce w hi ch c an o per at e in a mi cro pro ce ss or mod e b y u si ng s ome of t he i np ut /o utp ut li ne s as a n a ddr es s an d da ta b us f or ac ce ss in g ex te rna l m emor y. T hi s t y pe o f de vi ce ca n b eh av eExternalTimingcomponents System clock Timer/ CounterSerial I/OPrarallelI/ORAMROMCPUf u nc ti on al ly a s t he si ng le ch ip mi cr oc ompu te r fro m w hi ch it is de ri ve d al be it wi t h re st ri ct ed I/O a nd a m od if ied ex te rn alc i rc ui t. Th e u se o f th es e dev ic es i s c ommon e ve n i n pr od uc ti on c i rc ui ts wh ere t he vo lu me do es no t j us tif y t h e dev el opmen t costsof c us to m o n-ch i p ROM[2];t he re c a n s ti ll be a s ig nif i ca nt sa vingi n I/O an d o th er c hip s c ompa re d t o a co nv en ti on al mi c ro pr oc es sor ba se d ci rc ui t. Mo r e ex ac t re pl ace m en t fo r RO M dev i ce s ca n be ob ta in ed i n th e f orm o f va ri an ts wit h 'p ig gy-b ack'EPRO M(Er as ab le pr o gr ammabl e RO M )s oc ke ts o r d ev ic e s wi th EP ROM i n st ea d of ROM 。
3-电气工程及其自动化专业 外文文献 英文文献 外文翻译
3-电气工程及其自动化专业外文文献英文文献外文翻译1、外文原文(复印件)A: Fundamentals of Single-chip MicrocomputerThe single-chip microcomputer is the culmination of both the development of the digital computer and the integrated circuit arguably the tow most significant inventions of the 20th century [1].These tow types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputer. Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture, shown in Fig.3-5A-1, others follow the philosophy, widely adapted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors, of making no logical distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture, shown in Fig.3-5A-2.In general terms a single-chip microcomputer is characterized by the incorporation of all the units of a computer into a single device, as shown in Fig3-5A-3.ProgramInput& memoryOutputCPU unitDatamemoryFig.3-5A-1 A Harvard typeInput&Output CPU memoryunitFig.3-5A-2. A conventional Princeton computerExternal Timer/ System Timing Counter clock componentsSerial I/OReset ROMPrarallelI/OInterrupts RAMCPUPowerFig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputerRead only memory (ROM).ROM is usually for the permanent,non-volatile storage of an applications program .Many microcomputers and microcontrollers are intended for high-volume applications and hence the economical manufacture of the devices requires that the contents of the program memory be committed permanently during the manufacture of chips . Clearly, this implies a rigorous approach to ROM code development since changes cannot be made after manufacture .This development process may involve emulation using a sophisticated development system with a hardware emulation capability as well as the use of powerful software tools.Some manufacturers provide additional ROM options by including in their range devices with (or intended for use with) user programmablememory. The simplest of these is usually device which can operate in a microprocessor mode by using some of the input/output lines as an address and data bus for accessing external memory. This type of device can behave functionally as the single chip microcomputer from which itis derived albeit with restricted I/O and a modified external circuit. The use of these ROMlessdevices is common even in production circuits where the volume does not justify the development costs of custom on-chip ROM[2];there canstill be a significant saving in I/O and other chips compared to a conventional microprocessor based circuit. More exact replacement for ROM devices can be obtained in the form of variants with 'piggy-back' EPROM(Erasable programmable ROM )sockets or devices with EPROM instead of ROM 。
自动化专业文献英语词汇
自动化专业文献英语词汇
本文是一份关于自动化专业文献英语词汇的汇总，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和使用自动化领域的相关文献。
以下是一些常见的自动化专业词汇及其英语表达：
1. 自动化 (Automation)
2. 控制系统(Control System)
3. 传感器(Sensor)
4. 机器人(Robot)
5. 人机交互(Human-Machine Interaction)
6. 编程(Programmability)
7. 数据采集(Data Acquisition)
8. 系统集成(System Integration)
9. 电气工程(Electrical Engineering)
10. 机械工程(Mechanical Engineering)
11. 控制算法(Control Algorithm)
12. 可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller)
13. 工业网络(Industrial Network)
14. 自适应控制(Adaptive Control)
15. 人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)
16. 机器学习(Machine Learning)
17. 监控系统(Monitoring System)
18. 过程控制(Process Control)
19. 无人驾驶(Unmanned Driving)
20. 自动驾驶(Autonomous Driving)
以上仅是自动化领域的一部分英语词汇，希望读者在学习和研究自动化专业文献时能有所帮助。
自动化专业常用英语词汇
自动化专业常用英语词汇自动化专业是一个涉及到机械、电子、计算机等多个领域的学科，因此在学习和实践中，需要掌握一些与自动化相关的英语词汇。
下面是一些常用的自动化专业英语词汇及其解释。
1. Automation（自动化）Automation refers to the use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. It involves the use of control systems, such as computers or robots, to operate and control various processes or machines.2. Control system（控制系统）A control system is a collection of devices and software that manage and regulate the behavior of a system or process. It includes sensors, actuators, controllers, and communication networks.3. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)（可编程逻辑控制器）A PLC is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. It is programmed using a specialized programming language.4. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)（监控与数据采集系统）SCADA is a system used for remotely monitoring and controlling industrial processes. It combines data acquisition, networked data communication, and graphical user interface for operators to monitor and control the process.5. HMI (Human-Machine Interface)（人机界面）HMI refers to the interface that allows humans to interact with machines or systems. It typically includes a graphical user interface (GUI) that displays information and controls for operators to monitor and control the process.6. Sensor（传感器）A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical or chemical properties, such as temperature, pressure, or light. It converts the measured value into an electrical signal that can be used for control or monitoring purposes.7. Actuator（执行器）An actuator is a device that converts electrical signals into mechanical motion. It is used to control the movement or position of a mechanical system, such as opening or closing a valve, or moving a robot arm.8. Robotics（机器人技术）Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots. It involves the study of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence.9. Artificial Intelligence（人工智能）Artificial Intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. It is used in various applications, such as robotics, natural language processing, and computer vision.10. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)（工业物联网）IIoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that enables them to collect and exchange data. It is used in industrial settings to improve efficiency and productivity.11. Control algorithm（控制算法）A control algorithm is a set of mathematical equations or rules that determine the behavior of a control system. It defines how the system responds to different inputs and conditions to achieve the desired output.12. Feedback loop（反馈回路）A feedback loop is a mechanism that allows the output of a system to be measured and compared with the desired output. It provides information for the control system to make adjustments and maintain stability and accuracy.13. PID controller（比例-积分-微分控制器）A PID controller is a type of control algorithm that uses proportional, integral, and derivative terms to control a system. It is widely used in industrial control systems to achieve accurate and stable control.14. PLC programming（PLC编程）PLC programming refers to the process of writing and testing the program code for a programmable logic controller. It involves defining the control logic, configuring input and output devices, and implementing the desired functionality.15. Process optimization（过程优化）Process optimization is the practice of improving the efficiency, productivity, and quality of a process. It involves analyzing the process variables, identifying bottlenecks or inefficiencies, and making changes to improve performance.以上是一些自动化专业常用的英语词汇及其解释。
自动化专业外文翻译--自动控制的发展历史
HISTORY OF AUTOMATIC CONTROLFeedback control is the basic mechanism by which systems, whether mechanical, electrical, or biological, maintain their equilibrium or homeostasis. In the higher life forms, the conditions under which life can continue are quite narrow. A change in body temperature of half a degree is generally a sign of illness. The homeostasis of the body is maintained through the use of feedback control [Wiener 1948]. A primary contribution of CR Darwin during the last century was the theory that feedback over long time periods is responsible for the evolution of species. In 1931 V. V olterra explained the balance between two populations of fish in a closed pond using the theory of feedback.The use of feedback to control a system has a fascinating history .The first applications of feedback control appeared in the development of float regulator mechanisms in Greece in the period 300 to1B.C. The water clock of ktesibios used a float regulator. An oil lamp devised by Philon in approximately 250 B.C .Used a float regular in an oil lamp for maintaining a constant levels of fuel oil .Heron of Alexandria, who lived in the first century A.D, published a book entitled Pneumatica, which outlined several forms of water-level mechanisms using floating regulators The first feedback system to be invented in modern Europe was the temperature regulator of CornelisDrebb(1572-1633) of Holland Dennis Papin invented the first pressure regulator for steam boilers In 1681.Papin’s pressure regulator was a form of safety Regulator Similar to a pressure-cooker valve.Feedback control may be defined as the use of difference signals, determined by comparing the actual values of system variables to their desired values, as a means of controlling a system. An everyday example of a feedback control system is an automobile speed control, which uses the difference between the actual and the desired speed to vary the fuel flow rate. Since the system output is used to regulate its input, such a device is said to be a closed-loop control system.The first historical feedback system, claimed by Russia, is the water-level float regulator said to have been invented by I. Polzunov in 1765. The float detects the water level and controls the valve that covers the water inlet in the boiler.There have been many developments in automatic control theory during recent years. It is difficult to provide an impartial analysis of an area while it is still developing; however, looking back on the progress of feedback control theory it is by now possible to distinguish some main trends and point out some key advances. Feedback control is an engineering discipline. As such, its progress is closely tied to the practical problems that needed to be solved during any phase of human history. The key developments in the history of mankind that affected the progress of feedback control were:1、The preoccupation of the Greeks and Arabs with keeping accurate track of time.。
自动化专业英语原文和翻译
自动化专业英语原文和翻译自动化专业英语原文和翻译是指将自动化专业相关的文本内容进行英文原文和翻译的处理。
自动化专业是现代工程技术领域的一个重要学科，涉及到自动控制、机械电子、计算机科学等多个方面的知识。
在国际交流和学术研究中，使用英语进行交流和发表论文是非常普遍的。
下面是一段关于自动化专业的英文原文和翻译示例：原文：Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance. It plays a crucial role in various industries, including manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare. Automation systems are designed to increase efficiency, improve safety, and reduce human errors. With the rapid development of technology, automation has become an essential part of modern society.翻译：自动化是一种通过最小化人类干预来执行过程或者程序的技术。
它在包括创造业、交通运输和医疗保健等各个行业中起着至关重要的作用。
自动化系统旨在提高效率、改善安全性并减少人为错误。
随着技术的快速发展，自动化已成为现代社会不可或者缺的一部份。
原文：In the field of automation, there are various sub-disciplines, such as industrial automation, process automation, and home automation. Industrial automation focuses on the use of control systems to operate industrial machinery and processes. Process automation involves the use of technology to automate repetitive tasks and streamline workflows. Home automation aims to provide convenience and comfort by integrating various household devices and systems.翻译：在自动化领域中，有各种子学科，如工业自动化、过程自动化和家庭自动化。
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吉林化工学院信息与控制工程学院毕业论文外文翻译配备静态励磁系统的小型同步发电机的PSS设计PSS design for a small synchronous generatorwith static excitation system学生学号：08510304学生姓名：王世立专业班级：自动0803指导教师：金红娇职称：助教起止日期：2012.2.27～2012.3.16吉林化工学院Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology摘要：本文介绍了一种针对只含有阻尼转矩分量的电力系统稳定器（PSS）参数的推导方法。
该方法可以应用到配有静态励磁系统的线性单机系统模型中，通过模拟使用非线、单机无穷大电力系统模型，人们已经认可了配有电力系统稳定器的设备的优良动态性，而且提出的简易方法对小型发电设备的电力系统稳定器的设计上起了简化作用。
索引- 稳定性、电力系统稳定器、分布式发电机1.1 引言为传统的同步电力设备设计一个电力系统稳定器（pss）是一个很有研究价值的主题。
基本控制方案已经被标准化并广泛应用于在电力系统中。
其他控制划方案也得到了一定的发展，包括使用人工智能技术（模糊神经网络），高新技术，或自适应方案的应用。
由于这些调查结果已经发表成被引用的论文。
有兴趣的读者可以参考书[2][3]，以及报告[4][5]。
电力系统稳定器通常是基于质量优化指标来设计的，它是依据是系统的频率特性和运行状态。
至于电力系统稳定器在电气与电子工程师协会的标准，是使参数的最优化能够得到广泛的应用，然而在控制器上运用了新的设备监测技术，它使在设计控制器和处理其他问题上具有良好的选择。
之前配电网和分布式发电往往来自于可再生的新能源，这是一个很好的趋势。
这种趋势可能导致传统装机容量的减少，因而改变电力系统的动态性能。
如果这种趋势继续增加，它将会改变电力系统的稳定性。
虽然许多小型分布式发电机利用直接或间接连接的感应电机上，但是直接连接的同步发电机仍将发挥很大的作用。
本文着重介绍这种发电机PSS的设计。
尽管为传统的大电机设计一个电力系统稳定器是一个很有研究意义的课题，为小型机组设计电力系统稳定器也有一些小的问题。
本文介绍了一个在很大频率范能产生一个纯粹的阻尼转矩的电力系统稳定器，这种稳定器的设计是通过可分析的一种简单方法获得。
我们的目标是，用足够简单的方法推导出可应用于发电机的PSS的设计，而无需使用复杂的系统模型和软件工具。
该方法的有效性已经被多机系统模型试验验证。
1.2 PSS设计1.2.1 设计PSS的一般理念PSS可以用不同的方法来优化。
在此论文中，假设电力系统稳定器是最优阻尼时，它就会只产生电磁转矩，即在同相位产生转速偏差的组件。
提供一个阻尼力矩确实是PSS)()1)(1())()1(()(63354321s G K K sT sT s G K sT K K K K s T es R ex R +++++-=δ)()1)(1()1)(()()(63332s G K K sT sT sT s G s G K K s T ex R R PSS ex PSS ++++=ω∆⋅=∆)(s T T PSS PSS 的主要任务，但它应当指出，有时也可能是为PSS 提供有用的同步扭矩。
在图的单机系统中，为了实现这样的“最佳”的PSS 让我们考虑一个线性模型[2]。
我们还假设，PSS 投入是转子的速度Δω。
在这个阶段，考虑让我们也忽略测量转子的速度。
图1 系统的线性模型与AVR 和PSS对这样的模型来说，电磁转矩可以认为是转子角度的偏差，电压偏差，转速差。
ωδδ∆⋅+∆⋅+∆⋅=∆)()(s T V S T T T p s s r ef V e (1)其中T Δ（s ），T v （s ），T pss （s ）是传递函数依赖设备参数K 1-K 6的T 3[2]和控制元件的传递函数，由G ex （s ）和G pss 定义可得。
传递函数T Δ（s ）和T pss 有一个公式：(3)由PSS 产生的电磁转矩分量等于：(4))()()()(ωωωim re PSS jK K K jw s T +===K s T PSS =)()()1()1)(1()(32633s G sT K K G K K sT sT K s G es R esR PSS ++++⋅=通过适当的TPSS 函数可以定义设备（基于可靠的PSS ）的动态特性。
一般来说这种功能一般遵循下面的公式：(5)其中，K re (ω)和K im (ω)是函数K （ω）的实部和虚部。
函数 K re (ω) 是阻尼转矩分量，而K im (ω)是同步转矩分量。
Tpss （s ）的传递函数的定义，就像一个增益（即它不依赖于频率）：(6)由电力系统稳定器产生的转矩和转子转速同相位，那就是说，电力系统稳定器只提供阻尼力矩分量而已。
这种电力系统稳定器是恒转矩的。
通过解决（6），同样我们考虑到（3），我们可以得到所需的传递函数PSS 的形式：(7)显然PSS 传递函数依赖于AVR 传递函数的系数K 2和K 3，K 6和时间常数T3的经营点以及电压互感器时间常数T R 。
1.2.2．PSS ：各种AVR 结构通过公式（7）可以看出，电力系统稳定器的传递函数Gpss(s)取决于自动电调节器的传递函数Ggx,因此不同结构的电压控制器和励磁系统会产生不同结构的电力系统稳定器。
我们已经为两种结构的自动电压调节器开发了电力系统稳定器，电气与电子工程师协会标准结构和有PI 调节器的自动电压调节器。
第一种结构是无反馈环节的。
然而，由于字数有限，在这个论文中，我们只是描述为静态励磁系统无反馈环节的标准设备设计的电力系统稳定器，即K f =0。
∑∑===Mj jj Ni i i PSSPSS sb s a K s G 00)(CR C R A B A R A B A R B A A B A B A B A R A C A B A R A A PSS T T b T T b b K K K T T T T a K K K T T T T T T T T a K K K T T T T T T T T T a K K K T K K K T T T T a a K K K K K K K K =+==+=++++=++++++=+++++==+=210633463433363332636331032631)1/()1/())()(()1/())()(()1/()(1)/()1(图2 IEEE 类型ST1A 的静态励磁系统PSS 传递函数被认为是如下形式：既然分子大于分母，即N>M ，这是不允许的，为了是分子等于分母，即(N=M=4),那就必须在分母上加上一个时间常数很小，所以在电机振幅的范围内，不能使频率发生大的变化，即0.1~2.5HZ 。
加入该元素后，分母系数的是：(8)为了产生一个纯粹的阻尼力矩，Pss 传递函数的系数必须满足以下条件：))((202)()22(002ref V m jjS j D j PSS V T T H H T s H T H T s ∆-∆==∆⋅+∆++∆ωωδωωδωωδδδ2240220132012002100102221T b b T b T b b b T b T b b b T b b bo b n n n n n =+=++=+=== (9)(10)分子系数和PSS 的增益保持不变。
在实践中，时间常数T R 和T A 比其他时间常数以及机电振荡的周期要小。
因此PSS 传递函数可以进一步简化。
所以，假设T R =T=0，分子和分母的系数简化为：CCA B A C A B T T b T T b b K K K T T a K K K T K K K T T a a 02010633263633101)1/()1/()(1=+==+=+++==(11)分母通过乘法以及（1 + S ）来更新，以实现分子和分母多项式相平衡。
K pss 仍然由（9）定义，我们将把上面的PSS 视为PSS-A 。
1.3 推导PSS 增益推导电力系统稳定器的增益是一个单独的任务，不涉及到推导的时间常数的任务。
其原因在与定义阶段的系数分子和分母是增益定义级的电磁转矩扭矩所决定。
在实践中，转矩的大小是受励磁系统约束和限制的。
一般来说，推导电力系统稳定器的增益，尤其是对于无穷大系统来说是一个复杂的工作，当然，它可以用很多种方法来实现。
现在，我们用一个二阶系公式来获得必要的增益值从而实现所需要的阻尼水平。
考虑如图设备。
（1）定义的扭矩并假设的电力系统稳定器的（S ）的传递函数只有一个实部（16）。
运动方程可以写成如下形式：(16)ωωωωωξδδ00)()(22⋅-=D S j T T H K其中T Δs 和T Δð是依赖于频率的实时和传递函数的虚部T Δ定义同步阻尼力矩机和组件生产AVR 的。
方程（16）定义了一个标准的二阶系统。
增益K 是定义所需相应水平的阻尼比ξ，由此可以计算出：(17)所需的增益K 是一个稳态和振荡的非线性工业参数。
从ξ= 0.9的计算为例，已增益值除以100，用以绘制同一轴线上的扭矩组件。
图4，增益K 和同步T Δs （ω）以及阻尼T δD （ω）组件有必要使传递函数T Δ（ω）保持阻尼比等于0.9。
值已经计算：额定负载和无功负载（下标1），一半额定的实际负载和额定无功负载（上标2）。
图4所示，保持增益K 等于100，我们继续使振荡频率阻尼比高于0.9。
真正的电力负荷能使较低的增益变得更低。
同样（图四中没有显示）工厂的无功负荷降低需要保持给定的阻尼比k 也降低。
这一切都表明了在工厂的额定工作点计算的最高值，可以定义为电力系统稳定器这需要保持一个给定的阻尼比。
然后，电力系统稳定器的增益可以从选定的增益K （9）计算。
要用电力系统稳定器则需要测量元件产生信号的相位与转子速度。
元素也应该从被测信号的频率（例如扭）过滤掉。
此外，PSS 的输出应该在稳定状态等于零。
这些可实现标准双输入和转子转速的功能作为稳定输入用的组件。
可塑电力系统稳定器的最后结构形式如图5，即标准双输入电力系统稳定形式。
在测试中，滤波器的时间常数等于Tf=0.1秒，而洗出时间常数等于TR=10×HJI 。
在这里时间常数Tr 的值是并不重要，可以等于几秒钟。
建议在理论上，区域间振荡阻尼时间常数要高于10秒。
图5 双输入的PSS（GPSS（S）由（8）定义）1.4 单机系统PSS的验证分子的系数和推导出的电力系统稳定器的增益均取决于电压控制器的参数和发电机运行操作点，而分母的系数只是由电压自动调节器决定。
因此，无论发电机运行状态如何改变，理想的电力系统稳定器应该能够适应它的增益和分子系数的变化。