复合句之定语从句

(Attributive clause)
➢概念:用句子修饰名词或代词的句子.
Mary is a beautiful girl.
形容词作定语
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句
什么是先行词？
关于先行词这个问题,我们先来看看中文中的修 饰语,道理是完全一样的,只要你明白了中文的修饰语 用法,英语自然也就会了.
Have a try:
在横线中写出合适的关系代词，有几种情况就写几种情况：
1.The man t_h_a_t_/w__h_ocame to our school is Mr.Wang.
2.The girl t_h_at_/w_ho_/w_h_om_ I met is Lucy.
3.A child __w_h_o__se__ parents are dead is called Tom.
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
如何选用定语从句的关系词:
• 1.首先分清主句和定语从句。 • 2.确定定语从句的先行词。 • 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看先
行词在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主 语，宾语，定语或状语）。 • 4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定 语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语， 则选择关系副词。
源自文库.几点说明：
A.在句子中，结构助词“的”前用来修饰、限
制名词的词或短语就是定语。也就是说，结构助词 “的”是定语的标志。
例如:（海南）（名词作定语）的工业发展很快。
B.有时定语后可不带“的”。 例如:这里盖起了（一座）（数量词作定语）房子.
C.名词前有时定语不止一个。 例如:（我们学校）的（两位）（数量词作定语）（有 三十年教龄）（动词短语作定语）的（语文）(名词作定语) 老师当上了代表。 D.定语的位置在主语前面，和宾语前面。 例如：(代词作定语) (小明)的爸爸是（一名）（数量词作 定语）教师。
汉语中定语的概念：
1.在汉语中，定语常由形容词、数量词、名词、代词 充当。也可由其他词或短语充当。定语用来修饰主 语和宾语。
例如：1.(暖和的)阳光照着(平静的)湖水。（形容词作定语）
2.我给大家讲（一个）故事。（数量词作定语） 3.（今天）的报纸看过吗？ （名词作定语） 4.（我们的）历史有（自己的）特点。（代词作定语）
作宾语
③ that，指人或物， 可以作定语从句 的主语和宾语.
可省略
The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
⑤ 主句已有who或which时
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
⑥当先行词同时指人和物时。
Fill in the blanks:
summarize总结
代词就是用来代替(指代)一个物或一个人的词 类似于中文中的“他、她、它、这个、那 个…………”
比如说： Helen is a beautiful girl.She is my friend. 这里为了避免重复,用she 来代替Helen,she就是代词 This is my desk. 这里的this就是desk,this 是（指示）代词
(Attributive clause) ➢概念:用句子修饰名词或代词
的句子.
什么是代词？
代词构成一个小的名词子范畴。代词的显着特点是可以 代替其他名词。例如，如果你正在讲述一个关于你的姐姐莎 拉的故事，那么如果你不断重复“莎拉”，那么故事听起来 就会感觉很重复。
“Sarah has always loved fashion.Sarah announced that Sarah wants to go to fashion school.”
即：“Sarah has always loved fashion. She
announced that she wants to go to fashion school.”
代词分类
人称代词 主格：I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 we我们 宾格：me我 you你 him他 her她 them他们 us我们
你可以尝试把“Sarah”用““my sister”代替，但这听起 来像你指的是两个不同的人。
“Sarah has always loved fashion. My
sister announced that Sarah wants to go to fashion school.”
所以，你可以用“she”和“her”的代名词来指“Sarah”。
比如：1.一个非常漂亮的女孩 2.我去年逛过的城市 3.长着一头长发的女孩
OK,英语定语从句意思搞定：“就是用英文句 子来修饰先行词”就更简单的一句话说就是：“定 语从句就是形容词”,修饰前面的名词或代词.明白吗? （翻译为………的先行词）,不同的是英语定语从句 要后置.
1.一个非常漂亮的…………（女孩） 2.我去年逛过的…………（城市） 3.长着一头长发的…………（女孩）
3.A girl （名词）who has long hair.（形容词） A girl who has long hair.
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, Where, when，
whose, that
The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语
② whom, 指人, 作定语从句的宾语:
The woman （whom） they wanted to visit is a teacher.
分解
The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
OK翻译：
1.A girl（名词或代词） who is very beautiful（英 语句子做修饰词相当于形容词）
A girl who is very beautiful.
2.The city(名词） that I visited last year=形容词 The city that I visited last year.
why
二、用法:
关系代词:
who whom whose
that
which
先 行
These are the students who / that won the first
词 place last year.
是
人
These are the trees
先行词是物 which / that were
planted last year.
Have a try
填写并指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man _____ came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( 主语 )
2.The girl ______ I met is Lucy.
( 宾语 )
3.A child ________ parents are dead is called Tom.
作定语
2. which, that ，指物
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
可省略
This is a truck which / that is made in
China.
作主语
I like the book (which / that) you bought
yesterday.
作宾语
3.只能用that的情况:
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生. This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life. 2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔. The man who is running is my uncle.
3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. I like the music that I can sing along with.
指人和物 that
that whose
1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别:
① who, 指人，作定语从句的主语
或宾语.（可以省略）。
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker. 分解
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
②先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little,
much等修饰时。
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
③everything, something, nothing, all,
anything, little, much等不定代词作先行 词时。
What are you doing？
你在干什么啊？
I’m writing letters. My teacher taught me today! 我在写信,老师今天教我的。
Really？What
are you writing?
真的啊？你在写些什么呢？
I don’t know.The teacher haven’t taught me how to read!我不知道。老师还没教我怎么阅读。
4.I like the book w__hi_c_h/_th_a_t you bought yesterday.
④ whose 作定语从句的定语， 修饰人或物.
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
I know the girl. 分解
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
物主代词：my我的 his他的 your你的（your你们的） their他们的 her她的 指示代词：this这 that那 these这些 those 那些 反身代词：myself我自己 himself他自己 themselves他们自己 herself她自己 疑问代词：who谁 what什么 which哪个 不定代词：some一些 many许多 both两个；两个都 any许多 关系代词：which……的物 who……的人 that……的人或物 who谁 相互代词 ：each other 互相 one another互相
The first time we met her was right after the May earthquake, in her hometown in Sichuan Province.
提示:right adv.正确地;恰当地;恰好地
译文: 我们第一次遇见她恰好是在5月的
大地震后，地点是在她的四川老家。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same,
the last修饰时。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
( 定语 )
4.I like the book ______ you bought yesterday.
( 宾语 )
1.引导定语从句的关系代词
主语
指人
who
that
指物
Which that
宾语 who whom that Which that
定语 whose (of whom)
Whose (of which)