国防科技大学2012年考博英语试题短评
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：79
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Scandinavian men were familiarize with hunting and receptive to learning the hunting methods of the local native Americans.问题1选项A.suspicious ofB.ready forC.dependent onD.new to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
题干receptive“愿意倾听的，乐于接受的”。
A项“怀疑”，B项“准备好”，C项“依赖，依靠”，D项“对……不熟悉”。
因此只有B项符合。
句意：斯堪的纳维亚人熟悉狩猎，并乐于学习当地美洲原住民的狩猎方法。
2.单选题The FBI kept the house under constant ______ in the hope of capturing all the criminals at one time.问题1选项A.cessationB.surveillanceC.guidanceD.supervision【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项cessation表示“停止，中止”，B项surveillance表示“监督，（对犯罪嫌疑人或可能发生犯罪的地方的）监视”，C项guidance表示“指导，引导”，D项supervision表示“监督，管理”，指活动或行动过程中的监督，尤指批判性地指导。
根据关键词FBI（联邦调查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“监视”符合语境。
句意：联邦调查局不断监视这所房子，希望能一次性抓获所有罪犯。
因此，该题选择B项正确。
3.单选题The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document.问题1选项A.destroyB.inveighC.mandateD.strengthen【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：37
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题That student is discourteous; he grumbles no matter how one tries to please him.问题1选项A.gigglesB.scoldsplainsD.sneers【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项giggle“咯咯地笑，傻笑”，B项scold“骂，责骂”，C项complain“抱怨，控诉”，D项sneer“嘲笑，冷笑”。
句意：那个学生很无礼，不管别人怎么讨好他，他总是发牢骚。
根据句意可知，grumble在句中表示“发牢骚”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。
因此，该题选择C 项。
2.单选题Do not bear malice toward him; he is really a good man by nature.问题1选项A.malignancyB.hospitalityC.meticulousnessD.mischievousness【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项malignancy“恶性（肿瘤等），恶意”，B项hospitality“好客，殷勤”，C项meticulousness“谨小慎微”，D项mischievousness“恶作剧”。
句意：你们不可对他怀恶意，他真是一个本性善良的人。
根据句意可知，malice在句中表示“恶意”。
因此，该题选择A项。
3.单选题The marketing of industrial products necessitated large-scale storage spaces, and enormous shops selling under one roof a wide variety of items.问题1选项A.identifiedB.replacedC.requiredD.supplied【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：59
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The marketing of industrial products necessitated large-scale storage spaces, and enormous shops selling under one roof a wide variety of items.问题1选项A.identifiedB.replacedC.requiredD.supplied【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项identify“确定，鉴定，识别”，B项replace“取代，代替，替换”，C项require“需要，要求”，D项supply“供给，提供”。
句意：工业产品的营销需要大规模的存储空间，以及一个可以销售各种各样商品的巨大商店。
necessitate在句中表示“需要”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。
因此，该题选择C项。
2.单选题The building is a great success, ______ a triumph, for the designer.问题1选项lyB.or ratherC.andD.particularly【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。
A项namely“也就是，即是”，B项or rather“更精确地说，倒不如说”，C项and“和”，D项particularly“异乎寻常地，特别是”。
由success（成功）和triumph（胜利）可知，这两个意思相近，success强调结果，triumph强调过程和动作，所以空格处填入B项更符合句子语境。
句意：对于设计者来说，这座建筑是一个巨大的成功，或者更确切地说是一个胜利。
因此，该题选择B项。
3.单选题Proteins are composed of more than twenty amino acids that are liberated during digestion. 问题1选项A.congregatedB.multipliedC.freedD.conscripted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
中国科学院大学-博士研究生入学考试英语试卷(2012年)
中国科学院大学博士研究生入学考试英语试卷2012年12月-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------考生须知:一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE) 和试卷二(PAPER TWO) 两部分组成。
试卷一为客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用非机读答题纸。
二、请考生一律用HB或2B铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸，划线不得过细或过短。
修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。
若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。
请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。
答题纸切忌折叠。
三、全部考试时间总计180分钟，满分为100分。
时间及分值分布如下：试卷一：I词汇15分钟10分I I完型填空15分钟15分I I I阅读80分钟40分小计110分钟65分试卷二：I V英译汉30分钟15分V写作40分钟20分小计70分钟35分UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FORPh.D PROGRAMDecember 2012PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with asingle bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring AnswerSheet.1. John made ________ keys for the house: one for his wife and one for himself.A. facilitatedB. sophisticatedC. duplicateD. intricate2. It's difficult to be great without being ________: a doctor should never belittle a patient's concerns, regardless of how trivial they may seem to the doctor.A. patheticB. compassionateC. fussyD. sentimental3. Marriage is based upon the complete willingness of the two parties. Neither party shall use ________ and no third party is allowed to interfere.A. collisionB. compensationC. compulsionD. collaboration4. They would be ________ buying a product if it had not been tested on animals.A. deterred fromB. derived fromC. dismissed fromD. deserted from5. As long as students can form a sound personality and ________ future well-being, the university has served its purpose.A. persevere inB. convert intoC. live throughD. strive for6. This is a ________ misconception in many people’s minds--that love like merchandise can be “stolen.”A. populatedB. prevalentC. plaguedD. pretentious7. Language may be ________ of as a process which arises from social interaction.A. comprisedB. conceivedC. disposedD. deprived8. Some companies are making ________ efforts to increase the proportion of women at all levels of employment.A. solitaryB. statisticalC. susceptibleD. strenuous9. ________, Mr. Hall admits that he pushed too hard, and ultimately his efforts failed.A. In retrospectB. In due courseC. In vainD. In essence10. The final ________ cry comes when he complains about her selling their story toa newspaper; she was endangering his future and freedom.A. patientB. patrioticC. patheticD. prominent11. When a failing plant began to ________, she believed it was her good work that somehow brought about good results.A. perishB. shootC. witherD. thrive12. As rumor is ungrounded, it can 't spread ________; a person is speechless when justice is not on his side.A. by and largeB. far and wideC. back and forthD. hot and cool13. Japanese firms in the late 1980s used shady accounting practices to ________ financial problems.A．conclude B. compromiseC. concealD. contaminate14. Most earthquakes are in remote areas; but every now and then a quake may ________ volcanic eruptions or drown the coastlines with tsunamis, death-dealing tidal waves.A. yieldB. triggerC. transmitD. evolve15. However, very interesting dynamics regarding the competition and market structure are ________.A. seeing the lightB. shedding lightC. bringing to lightD. coming to light16. The politicians also ________ a mixture of tactics in a campaign to defend the Prime Minister.A. employedB. mobilizedC. endeavoredD. experienced17．Cancers are described as being more or less ________ in proportion to their more or less rapidly growing and being invasive.A. mischievousB. miscellaneousC. maliciousD. malignant18. Some manufacturers have tried to partially ________ the pain to buyers through straightforward price increases.A. put outB. hold upC. pass onD. hand over19. The company has had a lot of problems in the past, but it has always managed to ________.A. turn overB. hold upC. set upD. bounce back20. Public interest in and support for film festivals have grown throughout the US, giving new filmmakers broad ________.A. exposureB. horizonC. reputationD. revelationPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choicewith a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoringAnswer Sheet.Kevin Davies sent a sample of his saliva to a genetic testing laboratory in Iceland to learn about his health risks. When he received his results, Mr. Davies learned that, __21__ his genetic makeup, he had an above-average risk of __22__ prostate cancer.Out of __23__, he checked back three months later and found that the company, called deCODE, had changed its assessment: His risk was now __24__ average.DeCODE had recalculated its algorithm, based on new data. Davies, who is himself a geneticist by training, wasn't too __25__ by this about-face: "The information that these companies can give you can change and evolve __26__ time," he says.That isn't the only way today's genetic tests offer __27__ conclusions. Accordingto a US government study, results often vary __28__ among genetic-testing companies, largely because __29__ has its own way of choosing and analyzing data.When the project to __30__ human DNA was finally completed in 2003, many predicted a revolution. Drugs could be chosen to match individual patients with maximum therapeutic effect and minimum side effects, the __31__ of so-called personalized medicine.__32__ a summer downpour of troubling stumbles for genetic-testing companies and programs shows just how long and twisting the road can be __33__ advances in basic scientific research and their application.It also has __34__ the question of how medicine will be practiced in an era __35__ anyone can research ailments and treatments on the Internet, sometimes becoming more familiar with new therapies and tests than their physicians.21. A. despite B. based on C. in line with D. in contrast to22. A. contracting B. affecting C. intervening D. associating23. A. excitement B. pleasure C. curiosity D. irritation24. A. above B. below C. on D. off25. A. satisfied B. captivated C. encouraged D. surprised26. A. on B. in C. over D. by27. A. slippery B. positive C. complicated D. convincing28. A. gradually B. intensely C. highly D. widely29. A. that B. each C. it D. such30. A. remove B. transplant C. calculate D. map31. A. advent B. censorship C. cultivation D. methodology32. A. But B. For C. Thus D. Though33. A. at B. with C. between D. on34. A. enlightened B. spotlighted C. provoked D. modified35. A. that B. which C. where D. whenPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and thenselect the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracketson your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe Super Bowl and the Oscars are the moon and sun of American communal rituals. Together, more Americans watch them than attend church or vote in presidential elections.Like it or not, they are America’s preeminent means of announcing itself to the world; we can share our ideals with hundreds of millions of our friends (and enemies) around the planet.Of the two events, one emphasizes the spirit of collective effort, by gathering anonymous men in identical uniforms to sacrifice themselves for the shared ideals of the tribe. The other glorifies the exceptional individual, who is celebrated for the very beauty and talent that sets him or her apart from lesser members of the species. Virtually anywhere there is a television—in Afghanistan, in Uruguay—these grand pageants are watched.The Super Bowl offers us a model of the kind of moral clarity that can be elusive on the playing fields of our lives. Its scores are settled on neutral territory, and its teams are governed by inflexible rules. There is little room for favoritism or sentimentality or emotional nuance. Football knows right from wrong. The Super Bowl shows us a world we all can agree on—one in which, far removed from the messiness of everyday life, strength and skill and practical intelligence prevail. Its champions earn their trip to Disneyland, because they prove themselves to be rulers of a magical kingdom.The Oscars, on the other hand, restore us to the commotion of the social world. They allow charm, money, fame and influence to matter. Sex and youth count above all, which is why, to the Oscars’ disgrace, women over 40 are rarely on display. Like Greek gods, the stars of the show are magnifications of the best and worst in all of us. No matter that they arrive bedecked with jewels or with a supermodel on their arm or with a complexion whose glow is suspiciously youthful, at the Oscars they are stripped to their most vulnerable selves, utterly at the mercy of the unpredictable. The Oscars give us unfiltered human spectacle, in which one is either called to the stage to meet with approval or forced to sit and contend with feelings of neglect and disappointment.36. The author holds that the Super Bowl and the Oscars are ________.A. two key events that draw most of the world’s attention to AmericaB. the moon and the sun to Americans as well as to the rest of the worldC. the rituals that are much more important than presidential electionsD. two important occasions for the realization of American dreams37. The Super Bowl and the Oscars are similar in ________.A. giving recognition of many personal sacrificesB. conferring an honor on certain achievementsC. encouraging an endeavor for national gloryD. placing a high priority on individual talent38. The kind of moral clarity showed in the Super Bowl most probably refers to a sense of ________.A. fair playB. social responsibilityC. self-disciplineD. collective identity39. According to the author, what we all agree on about the world shown by the Super Bowl is ________.A. the possibility that everyone can winB. the types of award to the championsC. the ways of showing one’s strengthD. the criteria for judging success40. The author emphasizes that the stars at the Oscars are ________.A. a symbol of human dignityB. images of Greek godsC. a mirror of ourselvesD. ideals of social elite41. According to the author, the Oscars offer us a human scene that shows a contrast between ________.A. trust and suspicionB. justice and injusticeC. wealth and povertyD. delight and dismayPassage TwoMore than 50 years ago, the psychologist Carl Rogers suggested that simply loving our children wasn’t enough. We have to love them unconditionally—for whothey are, not for what they do.As a father, I know this is a tall order, but it becomes even more challenging now that so much of the advice we are given amounts to exactly the opposite. In effect, we’re given tips in conditional parenting, which comes in two flavors: turn up the affection when they’re good, withhold affection when they’re not.Conditional parenting isn’t limited to old-school authoritarians. Some people who wouldn’t dream of spanking choose instead to discipline their young children by forcibly isolating them, a tactic we call “time out.” Conversely, “positive reinforcement” teaches children that they are loved only when they do whatever we decide is a “good job.” The primary message o f all types of conditional parenting is that children must earn a parent’s love.The child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim, who readily acknowledged that the version of negative conditional parenting known as time-out can cause “deep feelings of anxiety,” nevertheless endorsed it for that very reason. “When our words are not enough,” he said, “the threat of the withdrawal of our love and affection is the only sound method to impress on him that he had better conform to our request.”But research suggests tha t love withdrawal isn’t particularly effective at getting compliance, much less at promoting moral development. Even if we did succeed in making children obey us, is obedience worth the possible long-term psychological harm? Should parental love be used as a tool for controlling children?Albert Bandura, the father of the branch of psychology known as social learning theory, declared that unconditional love “would make children directionless and quite unlovable”—an assertion entirely unsupported by empirical studies. The idea that children accepted for who they are would lack direction or appeal is most informative for what it tells us about the dark view of human nature held by those who issue such warnings.In practice, unconditional acceptance should be accompanied by actively imagining how things look from the child’s point of view. Most of us would protest that of course we love our children without any strings attached. But what counts is how things look from the perspective of the children—whether they feel just as loved when they mess up or fall short.42. The author thinks what Carl Rogers suggested is ________.A. hard to practice todayB. unlikely to workC. harmful to childrenD. unpopular among parents43. In conditional parenting, when childr en don’t behave themselves, parents will ________.A. warn them of the consequencesB. give them a physical punishmentC. hold back their love of themD. stress their good behavior44. Bettelheim believes that time-out ________.A. is a useful means in some casesB. causes psychological disorderC. is an unconditional parenting styleD. causes children’s disobedience45. According to research, love withdrawal would ________.A. help children build a sense of independenceB. improve a long-term parent-child relationC. do little for fostering children’s ethical valuesD. cause children to develop an aggressive tendency46. In Albert Bandura’s opinion, children accepted for who they are would ________.A. disrespect their parentsB. lack a sense of responsibilityC. be inconsiderate of othersD. be disliked by others47. According to the passage, in practicing unconditional acceptance it is essential for parents to ________.A. show respect for children’s ideasB. set a moral example for childrenC. consider environmental factorsD. watch for children’s frustrationsPassage ThreeIt’s a Monday night at MIT, just a few weeks before final exams. Grad students Tegin Teich and Todd Schenk could be studying or relaxing. Instead, they’re hustling through a maze of basement hallways in search of notorious energy hogs: vending machines. The average soda dispenser consumes 3,500 kilowatts a year—more than four times the juice for a home refrigerator. To conserve electricity, MIT’s administrators have been installing devices called Vending Misers, which use motion detectors to turn off a machine’s lights and cooling systems when people aren’t nearby, cutting energy consumption by 50%. Trouble is, MIT isn’t exactly sure whereall its vending machines are located, or which ones already have the devices installed. So tonight it’s enlisted the MIT Energy Club to help figure it out.It’s just one event on the club’s very busy calendar. With 750 students, the four-year-old group is MIT’s fastest-growing extracurricular organization. Many of its members aim to build careers in “green tech” fields, and club events offer a chance to network and learn about the challenges and opportunities in emerging energy fields. In recent weeks, members had lunch with the U.S. Energy Secretary and toured a nuclear reactor. Others discussed national biofuel policy as part of a biweekly discussion held over beer and pizza at a local pub. Club members say the group exposes them to people and ideas from other disciplines; as a result, M.B.A. types become better versed in the science of climate change, while science geeks get comfortable reading business plans and understanding concepts like return on investment. In contrast to left-leaning campus environmentalists of a decade ago, who might have joi ned Greenpeace after school, “most of our members really believe in the power of the tools of capitalism to solve the problem,” says founder Dave Danielson, who earned a Ph.D. in material sciences last fall.Down in the basement at MIT, Teich and Schenk have found a group of eight vending machines. Four of them are hooked up to Vending Misers, but only one is functioning. “This is like wiring a stereo,” Schenk says, untangling wires to make the devices work. Teich climbs on top of a different machine to pick off layers of masking tape left over from a paint job that had rendered the gizmo’s sensor inoperable. “We probably just saved MIT $100” in reduced electricity bills, Teich says. It won’t save the planet—but every bit counts.48. Tegin Teich and Todd Schenk are ________.A. fourth-year students at MITB. members of the MIT Energy ClubC. good at machine maintenanceD. environmental engineering majors49. What does the passage say about Vending Misers?A. They failed to function well as expected.B. They were designed by the MIT Energy Club.C. They can detect the presence of people.D. They keep soda dispensers working consistently.50. Many members join club’s events for ________.A. career preparationsB. leisure enjoymentsC. answering Greenpeace’s callD. opposing nuclear energy51. The club has enabled its members to ________.A. help the government with decision-makingB. become brave enough to challenge the authoritiesC. decide to invest in biofuel in the futureD. acquire much interdisciplinary knowledge52. It is implied that Greenpeace ________.A. suffered some business lossesB. prefers to recruit science studentsC. is suspicious of capitalismD. was founded by Dave Danielson53. What does the last paragraph imply about “a paint job”?A. It caused a problem to the Vending Miser.B. It was needed for repairing the Vending Miser.C. It improved the Vending Miser’s efficiency.D. It was part of what the Vending Miser did.Passage FourNo doll outshines Barbie’s celebrity. If all the Bar bies and her family members—Skipper, Francie and the rest—sold since 1959 were placed head to toe, they would circle the Earth more than seven times. And sales boomed in 2009, when the fashion doll celebrated her 50th birthday on March 9th.Barbie starred at an array of global events honouring her milestone, including a glamorous affair at New York’s Fashion Week in February. On her birthday, Mattel, the company that makes her, launched a souvenir doll honouring the original Barbie in her black-and-white striped swimsuit and perfect ponytail. It was available for purchase only that one day. Another Golden Anniversary doll targets collectors. Barbie fans planned hundreds of events, including the National Barbie Doll Collectors Convention in Washington, DC, which was sold out.When Ruth Handler created Barbie in 1959, a post-war culture and economy thrived but girls still played with baby dolls. These toys limited the imagination; so Handler introduced Barbie the Teen-Age Fashion Model, named after her daughter, Barbara. Jackie Kennedy soon walked onto the world stage and Barbie already had a wardrobe fit for a first lady. Barbie bestowed on girls the opportunity to dream beyond suburbia, even if Ken (Barbie’s fictional boyfriend) at times tagged along.Barbie entranced Europe in 1961 and now sells in 150 countries. Every second three Barbies are sold around the world. Her careers are myriad—model, astronaut, Olympic swimmer, palaeontologist and rock star, along with 100 others, includingpresident. Like any political candidate, controversy hit Barbie in 1992 when Teen Talk Barbie said “Math class is tough” and girls’ education became a national issue. She has been banned (in Saudi Arabia), tortured (by pre-teen girls, according to researchers at the University of Bath’s School of Management) and fattened (in 1997).Feminists continue to batter Barbie, claiming that her beauty and curves treat women as objects. But others see her as a pioneer trendsetter, crashing the glass ceiling long before Hillary Clinton cracked it.High-tech entertainment now attracts girls and Barbie also faces fierce competition from various copycats including the more fashionable, but less charming, Bratz dolls. The Bratz suffered a setback in 2008. Mattel sued MGA Entertainment, Bratz’s producer, for copyright infringement. A judge awarded Mattel $100m in damages.54. According to Paragraph One, Barbie ________.A. was born earlier than the dolls of any other brandsB. has long been number one in the world of dollsC. has beaten other dolls in sales 7 times since 1959D. was once taken aboard a spaceship circling the earth55. To celebrate Barbie’s 50th birthday, ________.A. a Barbie fan club was set up in Washington, DCB. the original Barbie was displayed in New YorkC. fashion shows were held worldwide on March 9thD. Barbies based on its original design appeared on the market56. Ruth Handler created Barbie in the hope that it would ________.A. dress as attractively as Jackie Kennedy didB. encourage girls to become fashion modelsC. help girls generate new ideas and wishesD. become her daughter’s constant companion57. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that Barbie used to ________.A. cause a debate in the U.S. about girls learning mathB. act as a role model in more than 100 occupationsC. face denial by the parents of many pre-teen girlsD. become fatter to cater to the overweight girls58. Feminists hate Barbie mostly because it symbolizes women’s ________.A. material comfortsB. sexual attractionC. political powerD. multiple talents59. According to the passage, MGA Entertainment ________.A. lost a fortune by losing a lawsuitB. sold a toy cat to compete with BarbieC. beat traditional Barbie with hi-techD. filed a lawsuit against MattelPassage FiveAs he has done frequently over the last 18 months, Andy Roost drove his blue diesel Peugeot 205 onto a farm, where signs pointed one way for “eggs” and another for “oil.”He unscrewed the gas cap and chatted casually as Colin Friedlos, the proprietor, poured three large jugs of used cooking oil—tinted green to indicate environmental benefit—i nto the Peugeot’s gas tank.Mr. Friedlos operates one of hundreds of small plants in Britain that are processing, and often selling to private motorists, used cooking oil, which can be poured directly into unmodified diesel cars, from Fords to Mercedes.The global recession and the steep drop in oil prices have now killed many of those large refining ventures. But smaller, simpler ones like Mr. Friedlos’s are moving in to fill the void with their direct-to-tank product, with a flood of offers of free oil from restaurants.Used cooking oil has attracted growing attention in recent years as a cleaner, less expensive alternative to fossil fuels for vehicles. In many countries, including the United States, the oil is collected by companies and refined into a form of diesel. Some cities use it in specially modified municipal buses or vans. And the occasional environmentalist has experimented with individually filtering the oil and using it as fuel.Peder Jensen, a transport specialist at the European Environment Agency, said that cooking oil fuel was “feasible” for diesel engines—Rudolf Diesel predicted that his engine, patented in the 1890s, would run on it—and that it was, “from an environmental point of view, a good idea, taking this waste and making it useful.”Others disagree. Stuart Johnson, manager of engineering and environment at V olkswagen of America, called putting raw vegetable oil in cars “a bad idea” and said, “We don’t recommend it.” The inconsistent quality of cookin g oil fuel, he said, means that “it may contain impurities and it may be too viscous,” especially for newer, more complex diesel engines with injection systems.None of that seems to stir concern in Mr. Nicholson, the Welsh entrepreneur. He said. “There is a lot of resistance,” he said, “to putting something into your preciouscar that you brewed in the kitchen sink.”60. What is true about Andy Roost with respect to using cooking oil fuel for his diesel Peugeot?A. He’s been relying on it.B. He’s just started to try it.C. He’s keen on its green color.D. He’s curious about its effect.61. Unlike those large refining ventures, Mr. Friedlos’s plant ________.A. has been enjoying an economic revivalB. operates for protecting the environmentC. produces its product at a very low costD. has switched to serve private motorists62. As to the advantage of used cooking oil over fossil fuels, the former is ________.A. based on greater sources of raw materialB. more easily processed into a form of fuelC. purer so that it is better for diesel enginesD. used more widely in the world as car fuel63. According to the passage, Rudolf Diesel was ________.A. an environmentalistB. a car ownerC. an engine designerD. a car producer64. Some people oppose the use of cooking oil fuel because it may ________.A. give little help to environmental protectionB. pose a threat to some fossil fuel businessesC. do damage to some kinds of diesel enginesD. contain things harmful to the user’s health65. Mr. Nicholson thinks that the negative opinions about the use of used cooking oil are ________.A. understandableB. unimaginableC. unreasonableD. unacceptableSection B ( 20 minutes, 10 points)Direction:In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed fromthe original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage.Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks(numbered 66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does notfit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoringAnswer Sheet.Passage OneIn a survey last year the bosses of small businesses overwhelmingly came out in favour of hard work and a strong character over formal qualifications. Two thirds rated character and attitude as very important, whereas only 3 per cent considered university degrees to be a real asset. 66) ________Historically, it can be summarised like this: on the one hand the self-educated leaders of small businesses have viewed graduates as time-wasting and costly upstarts, while graduates have sneered at the provincial mindset and paltry pay of the non-corporate office.But according to David Bishop, of the Federation of Small Businesses, it has got more to do with practical issues. “Because of th eir size, small businesses look for generalists with broader responsibilities rather than specialists,” he says. “They are not like a major employer with hundreds of employees each assigned a specific role.”Take IT, for example. 67) ________Certainly, there is resistance within the SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) community to employing graduates. The most frequently cited reasons reported by owner managers are: perceived high costs, worries about recruitment, retention and the graduate’s commitm ent, and concern about the high risk of recruiting graduates who are seen as inexperienced and often too academic.68) ________“Recruitment is a challenge in terms of competition and costs when you can’t offer the package of an international bank, but gra duates are valuable because they are on top of innovative research and development.”69) ________Afzal Akram, chairman of Business Link for London, says that small businesses are beginning to realise the potential employee resources found in universities.“In today’s business environment, people are the real differentiator, so getting the best is crucial. Tapping the graduate recruitment market allows small businesses to access candidates with excellent skills, training and education, who are hungry and mo tivated.”70) ________They undertake projects that benefit the host business, ranging from website design, marketing and accounting system implementation to product development.。
国防大学英语真题答案解析
国防大学英语真题答案解析随着全球化发展的趋势，英语已经成为国际交流和合作的重要工具。
因此，各级各类教育机构都非常重视英语的教学与考试。
国防大学的英语考试作为重要的选拔标准之一，对学生的英语能力有着较高的要求。
考试难度大，题型多样，掌握真题答案解析对于备考的学生非常重要。
本文将对国防大学英语真题的答案解析进行详细的探讨和讲解。
首先，阅读理解部分是国防大学英语考试中最常见的题型之一。
这部分考察考生对文章的理解和分析能力。
在解答这类题目时，首先要对文章进行仔细的阅读，并标注出关键词和句子。
其次，要注意选项中的干扰性因素，排除无关选项，找出正确答案。
与此同时，要注意文章中的上下文关系，把握文章的整体氛围和主旨。
最后，需要运用推理和推断的能力，通过已知信息来推测答案。
当然，对于这类题目的解答，背景知识也非常重要。
另外，词汇与语法部分也是国防大学英语考试中的重点。
这一部分主要考察考生对英语词汇和语法的掌握程度。
答题时，需要借助词汇和语法知识的运用，通过选项中的词汇和句子的搭配来判断正确答案。
此外，需要特别注意一些常见的考点，如虚拟语气、动词时态等。
对于这一部分的准备，需要系统学习和大量的练习，掌握一定的规律和技巧。
写作部分是国防大学英语考试中最富有挑战性的一部分。
考生需要根据所给的题目进行文段写作，要求逻辑清晰、表达准确。
在解答这类题目时，首先要认真审题，确定自己所要写的主题和论点。
然后，要运用合适的语言和词汇来进行表达，注意句式的多样性和语法的正确性。
此外，要注意段落的划分和过渡句的运用，确保文章结构的完整性和连贯性。
最后，在写作结束后，要进行仔细的检查和修改，确保文章的语言流畅、无错误。
综上所述，国防大学英语真题的答案解析对于备考的学生至关重要。
在备考过程中，要对不同题型进行有针对性的学习和练习，掌握相应的解题技巧和答题思路。
同时，要注重做题时的时间管理和答题顺序，保证每个题目都有足够的时间进行解答。
此外，要善于总结和分析自己的错误，找出问题所在，避免重复犯错。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：17
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The highest mountain pass in Europe is ______.问题1选项A.of 2,473 metersB.at 2,473 meters highC.2,473 high metersD.2,473 meters high【答案】D【解析】考查语法。
表示某物的长、高、宽时，英语中的表达是“名词+be动词+数量+形容词”，故D项正确。
A项为be of结构，后面一般跟抽象名词，表示“某物/某人具有某种品质、性质或特点”；B项介词at使用不正确；C项meters应该紧跟在数字后面。
句意：欧洲最高的山脉海拔2473米。
因此，该题选择D项正确。
2.单选题Penguins are bellicose, especially during the mating season.问题1选项A.hostileB.bilateralC.lovableD.protective【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项hostile“敌对的，敌方的，怀敌意的”，B项bilateral“双边的，有两边的”，C项lovable“可爱的，讨人喜欢的”，D项protective“防护的，关切保护的，保护贸易的”。
句意：企鹅是好斗的，尤其是在交配季节。
根据句意可知，bellicose在句中表示“好斗的”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是A项。
因此，该题选择A项。
3.单选题Bladder wrack, a tough, leathery brown seaweed, clings to rocks tenaciously.问题1选项A.grows underB.hides underC.sticks toD.yields to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项grow under“在……下成长”，B项hide under“在……掩盖之下”，C项stick to“坚持，粘住”，D项yield to“屈服，让步”。
国防科技大学2015-2015学年秋季学期
国防科技大学2014-2015学年秋季学期 2013级《综合英语》考试试卷（B ）卷考试形式： 闭卷 考试时间： 120 分钟 满分： 100 分注意： 1、所有答题都须写在此试卷纸密封线右边，写在其它纸上一律无效。
2、密封线左边请勿答题，密封线外不得有姓名及相关标记。
Directions: Listen to the following passage. The passage will be read three times. During the first reading, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second reading, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.二、词汇和语法（共4题，每题分值见题目，共25分）1. Choose the best answer for the following sentences. (10 points) 1) Contracts must be read ______ before they are signed.A. thoroughnessB. more thoroughC. thoroughD. thoroughly一、听写（共1题，10分）学号： 姓名： 学院： 年级： 专业：------------------------------------------------- 密 － 封 － 线 --------------------------------------------------2) This fiscal year, the engineering team has worked well together on all phases ofproject __________.A. developmentB. developedC. developsD. developer3) Small-company stocks usually benefit _______ the so-called January effect thatcauses the price of these stocks to rise between November and January.A. UnlessB. fromC. toD. since4) By 1820, there were over sixty steamboats on the Mississippi river, _________were quite luxurious.A. many of themB. which manyC. many of whichD. many that5) The native people of the Americans are called Indians because when Columbuslanded in the Bahamas in 1492, he thought that he _________ the east Indians.A. has reachedB. has been reachedC. had been reachedD. had reached6) As Mercury moves in its solar orbit, _____ its axis, an imaginary line that runsthrough its center.A. rotates it onB. it rotates onC. on rotates itD. rotates on it7) _____ every child in the school passed the swimming test.A. Near toB. Near byC. Next toD. Nearly8) Their keen senses of hearing and smell have made some types of dogs _____ inhunting and tracking and as security guards.A. as valuableB. of the valuedC. are valuedD. valuable9) Staff members are reminded that professional _______ is a daily requirement ofthe company.A. attireB.ambivalenceC.assemblyD.approach10) We have approached the proposal with a good deal of _____ since some of theideas put forward are very unconventional.A. cautionedB.cautionC.cautiousD.cautiously2. There is a mistake in each of the following sentences. Find it out. (5 points) 11) For a list of books available through the library system, consultation thecomputer terminal near the reference desk.A. For a listB. availableC. consultationD. near12) At our company meeting the marketing analyst reported that we had too muchsales representatives in Europe these days.A. AtB. reported thatC. muchD. these13) Without we receive a definite commitment by the end of the month, we will beforced to reconsider our original proposal.A. we receiveB. byC. to reconsiderD. our14) We appreciate it your interest in our company and look forward to hearingfrom you soon.A. appreciate itB. interest inC. look forward toD. from15) We recommend that you follow the formatted shown in this sample whenpreparing announcements to be displayed on the bulletin board.A. formattedB. shownC. preparingD. displayed3. Add the articles where necessary in the following passage. (4 points)1)______ camera is 2)______ piece of equipment used for taking photographs.3) ______ camera lets in light from 4) ______ image in front of it and directs 5) ______ light onto photographic film. 6) ______ light has effect on chemicals which cover 7) ______ film and forms 8) ______ picture on it.4. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate. (6 points)Becoming a professional writer needs no special skill or training. Anybody from anywhere can venture into professional writing and 1) ________ in it. The most important thing is the diligence and determination of the person involved. This is essential 2) ________ to make something out of writing, the person has tobe convinced that success is sure. Once this is on ground, all other necessary general skills would be acquired. Another interesting thing is the 3) ________ that the person learns while he writes.In addition, other things that 4) ________ the work of professional writers include ability to write in clear and simple language, and at the same time providing a lucid explanation of the 5) ________ matter. The writer, with the chosen writing style, must be able to communicate easily and give a pictorial description of the subject being discussed in such a way that will create a vivid mental image in the minds of the 6) ________. A good professional writer must be empirical and proficient in the use of rhetoric.Becoming a professional writer is not a one-day job, but with constant practice coupled with persistence, perfection is achieved. And along with it comes the remunerations attached.三、阅读理解（共15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may not seem harmful—so much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Y et that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If it’s loaded with spam (垃圾邮件), it’s undoubtedlybecause at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your e-mail to the wrong web site.Do you think your telephone number or address is handled differently? Acottage industry of small companies with names you ’ve probably never heard of —like Acxiom or Merlin —buy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. Y ou may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if you ’ve ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various sources —including pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with.In a larger sense, privacy also is often cast as a tale of “Big Brother ”—the government is watching you or a big corporation is watching you. But privacy issues don ’t necessarily involve large faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual glance at her husband ’s Blackberry , a co-worker looks at e-mail over your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. while very little of this is news to anyone —people are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywhere —there is abundant evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring, assuming a mythical level of privacy . People write e-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Just ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose e-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Department ’s antitrust case against Microsoft.And polls and studies have repeatedly shown that Americans are indifferent to privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference is summed up a single phrase: “I have nothing to hide.” If you have nothing to hide, why shouldn ’t the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see your e-mail or a company send you junk mail? It ’s a powerful argument, one that privacy advocates spend considerable time discussing and strategizing over.It is hard to deny , however, that people behave different when they ’re being学号： 姓名： 学院： 年级： 专业：------------------------------------------------- 密 － 封 － 线 --------------------------------------------------watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history.1) In the first paragraph, the telephone number is cited to show _________.A. many customers didn’t keep their privacy confidentialB. it is harmful to give a store clerk a telephone numberC. careless disposal of personal information can be harmfulD. customers should inquire its use when giving telephone numbers to others2) What do companies like Acxiom and Merlin do?A. Compile telephone directories for businessmen.B. Collect and sell personal information to make a profit.C. Trade commodities like corn on the market.D. Crack down crimes like stealing private information.3) From Paragraph 3, we learn that _________.A. cases of privacy intrusion happen only in large institutionsB. people are quite aware of how their privacy is intrudedC. it is not privacy intrusion when a wife glances at her husband’s cell phoneD. Bill Gates’ e-mail messages were cited as evidence against him4) It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that the author thinks _________.A. Americans are actually concerned about privacy issuesB. Americans are indifferent to privacy concernsC. Americans are very frank about privacy concernsD. Americans are puzzled about privacy concerns5) Which of the following is the author’s viewpoint?A. Never give your private information to anyone.B. People should pay more attention to their privacy issues.C. Do not surrender your email to any website.D. It does no good saying “I have nothing to hide”.Passage TwoSome animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing.Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun’s position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site.Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other four chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.6) What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The role of instinct in animal behavior.B. Observations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior.C. The use of food in studies of animal behavior.D. Differences between the behavior of animals in their natural environmentsand in laboratory experiments.7) Which of the following is NOT discussed as an ability animals are thought tohave?A. Selecting among choices.B. Anticipating events to come.C. Remembering past experiences.D. Communicating emotions.8) What is the purpose of the honeybee dance?A. To determine the quantity of food at a site.B. To communicate the location of food.C. To increase the speed of travel to food sources.D. To identify the type of nectar that is available.9) It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanzees and their young(lines 3-5 in Paragraph 3) that young chimpanzees have difficulty in _______.A. communicating with their mothersB. adding quantitiesC. making choicesD. opening hard nuts10) Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolatechips that chimpanzees _______.A. lack abilities that other primates haveB. prefer to work in pairs or groupsC. exhibit behavior that indicates certain mathematical abilitiesD. have difficulty selecting when given choicesPassage ThreeSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website you’ve visited ，or perhaps someone will casually glance through yourcredit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girl friend, a marketing company , a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy , that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no”.When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy , most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy , with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away , and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy . Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist A lessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon.学号： 姓名： 学院： 年级： 专业：------------------------------------------------- 密 － 封 － 线 --------------------------------------------------But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.11) What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equi valent of beingcaught naked” (lines 4-5, Para.2)?A. People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B. In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets.C. People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D. Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.12) What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A. Friends should open their hearts to each other.B. Friends should always be faithful to each other.C. There should be a distance even between friends.D. There should be fewer disputes between friends.13) Why does the author say “we live in a wor ld where you simply cannot keep asecret” (line 6, Para.3)?A. Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B. People leave traces around when using modern technology.C. There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs.D. Many se arch engines profit by revealing people’s identities.14) What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A. They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B. They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C. They rely most and more on electronic devices.D. They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.15) According to the passage, privacy is like health in that _________.A. people will make every effort to keep itB. its importance is rarely understoodC. it is something that can easily be lost第 11 页 （共 11 页） D. people don’t cherish it until they lose itDirections: Paraphrase the following sentences into your own words.1) All the words and theories and techniques are of no use to students who have yet to open themselves with receptivity and to take it upon themselves to practice.2) It is not knowing in the sense of having a rigid opinion but the ability to look again at another time, in a different light, as Gyorgyi suggests, and to form a new understanding based on that observation.3) My credit card was a fairly pathetic, status-free dark blue, whereas hers was a very exclusive gold one.4) On further questioning, however, the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice: What the women were happy to call “gossip ”, the men defined as “exchanging information ”.五、翻译（共5题，每题3分，共15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences from Chinese to English.1) 一个工于心计的人喜欢玩诡计，但往往没有大智慧。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第32期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In our earth science lab, we had to determine which fossils were genuine and which were ______.问题1选项A.spuriousB.insuperableC.ominousD.querulous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项spurious“假的，伪造的”，B项insuperable“不能克服的，无敌的”，C项ominous“预兆的，不吉利的”，D项querulous“易怒的，暴躁的”。
由determine（决定）和which fossils were genuine（哪些化石是真的）可知，空格说是另外一个结果，跟“真的”对应的是“假的”，A项符合。
句意：在我们的地球科学实验室，我们必须确定哪些化石是真的，哪些是假的。
因此，该题选择A项。
2.单选题Tucker is a ______ eater. Every day he polishes off a half-dozen hamburgers, a pound of potato salad, and a giant bowl of chocolate mousse.问题1选项A.savoryB.palatableC.culinaryD.voracious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项savory“咸味的，好吃的，好闻的”，B项palatable“（食物或饮料）可口的，味美的”，C项culina ry“烹饪的，食物的”，D项voracious“饭量大的，贪吃的，狼吞虎咽的”。
由后面的句意“吃掉六个汉堡包、一磅土豆沙拉和一大碗巧克力慕斯”可知，D项符合。
句意：塔克食量很大，他每天要吃掉六个汉堡包、一磅土豆沙拉和一大碗巧克力慕斯。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：34
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I am bored by your ______ talk.问题1选项A.insaneB.insipidC.intrepidD.invalid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项insane“疯狂的，精神病的”，B项insipid“无味的，清淡的”，C项intrepid“无畏的，勇敢的”，D项invalid“无效的，有病的”。
由bored（感到厌倦的）可知，______ talk 中的空格表示“无味的”符合语境。
句意：我对你枯燥无味的谈话感到厌烦。
因此，该题选择B项。
2.单选题She still looks weak though her fever subsided after she took some medicine.问题1选项A.caughtB.reducedC.came downD.got off 【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。
A项catch“抓住，感染”，B项reduce“减少，减小”，C项come down“下来，降落，流传下来”，D项get off“动身，免于受罚”。
句意：她吃了药后退烧了，但看起来还是很虚弱。
Subside在句中表示“消退，减退”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。
因此，该题选择C项。
3.单选题Taking a power walk or watching a comedy on television are two ways to free oneself from the sullen grips of a melancholy mood.问题1选项A.dilettantishB.depressiveC.egalitarianD.insurgent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
题干melancholy“忧郁的；伤悲的”。
A项“业余爱好的；一知半解的”，B 项“抑郁的”，C项“主张人人平等的；平等主义的”，D项“起义的，叛乱的”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：39
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I don’t think he’s yet found his ______ in life.问题1选项A.fieldB.trackC.aquaticD.archaic【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项field“领域，牧场，旷野”，B项track“轨道，足迹，踪迹”，C项aquatic“水上运动，水生植物或动物”，D项archaic为形容词，表示“古代的，陈旧的”。
由life（生活、人生）可知，C、D项可排除；把A、B项代入，只有B项最符合。
句意：我觉得他还没找到自己的人生轨迹。
因此，该题选择B项。
2.单选题The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document.问题1选项A.destroyB.inveighC.mandateD.strengthen【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
题干invalidate“使无效，使作废”。
A项“摧毁，破坏”，B项“抨击，痛骂”，C项“授权”，D项“加强，增强”。
因此选A。
句意：几乎没有或什么也没有得到的亲戚声称，死者在签署文件时精神不正常，遗嘱无效。
3.单选题Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ______ harm them.问题1选项A.more thanB.other thanC.rather thanD.much than【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项more than“多于”，B项other than“除了，不同于”，C项rather than“而不是”，D项much than“比……多”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第81期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Despite the fact that the two council members belonged to different political parties, they ______ the issue of how to finance the town debt.问题1选项A.attestedB.reported onC.disdain forD.consent to【答案】D【解析】考查动词及词组辨析。
A项attest“证明，证实”，B项report on“报告，汇报，就……作报告”，C项disdain for“蔑视，鄙视”，D项consent to“同意，答应”。
由despite可知，前后句子为转折关系，前半句的意思是“尽管这两名委员会成员属于不同的政党”，那么可以推测they ______ the issue的意思应该是“但是他们都同意这个事情”，D项符合。
句意：尽管这两名委员会成员属于不同的政党，但他们同意如何为城镇债务融资的问题。
因此，该题选择D项。
2.单选题That student is discourteous; he grumbles no matter how one tries to please him.问题1选项A.gigglesB.scoldsplainsD.sneers【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项giggle“咯咯地笑，傻笑”，B项scold“骂，责骂”，C项complain“抱怨，控诉”，D项sneer“嘲笑，冷笑”。
句意：那个学生很无礼，不管别人怎么讨好他，他总是发牢骚。
根据句意可知，grumble在句中表示“发牢骚”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。
因此，该题选择C 项。
3.单选题I am bored by your ______ talk.问题1选项A.insaneB.insipidC.intrepidD.invalid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：18
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In the business world, where everything is stored on computers, filing cabinets full of paper records have become ______.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.contemporaryC.unprecedentedD.innovative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项obsolete表示“废弃的，淘汰的，过时的”，B项contemporary表示“发生（属）于同时期的，当代的”，C项unprecedented表示“空前的，无前例的”，D项innovative表示“革新的，创新的，新颖的”。
根据关键信息everything is stored on computers（一切都存储在电脑上）可知，filing cabinets full of paper records（装满文件记录的文件柜）应该是“过时的”。
句意：在商业世界，所有的东西都存储在电脑上，装满纸质记录的文件柜已经过时了。
因此，该题选择A项正确。
2.单选题Your occupation is too ______ for insurance companies to consider your application.问题1选项A.hazardousB.indifferentC.gratuitousD.haphazard【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项hazardous表示“有危险的，冒险的”，B项indifferent表示“冷淡的，不关心的，中等的”，C项gratuitous表示“无理由的，无端的”，D项haphazard表示“偶然的，随便的”。
根据too…to…（太……而不能……）可知，insurance companies to consider your application 表示“保险公司不能考虑你的申请”，结合前面的occupation（职业）可知，“危险的”符合语境。
军校考试：2012年军校考试英语阅读理解试题
军校考试：2012年军校考试英语阅读理解试题关键词：军考张为臻军考英语阅读理解军校考试军考培训二、阅读理解(共40分，每小题2分)Passage 1Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings.Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is, the closer they are in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will possibly be as intelligent as each other. Relatives like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences inintelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also proved by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.16. Which of these statements best describes the writer’s view in Para. 1?A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.17. In Para. 1, the underlined word “surroundings” means _________.A. intelligenceB. lifeC. environmentsD. housing18. It is suggested in this passage that _________.A. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceB. close relatives usually have similar intelligenceC. the closer the blood relationship between people is, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceD. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence19. People who live in close contact ________.A. will have the same characterB. won’t get along well with each otherC. are hardly to be influencedD. may have similar intelligence20. The best title for this passage would be __________.A. On IntelligenceB. What Intelligence MeansC. We Are Born With IntelligenceD. Environment In Developing IntelligencePassage 2Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, especially their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can sometimes go to their friends for advice. It is very important for teenagers to have at least one good friend. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking with them on the phone. This communication is very important in children’s growing up because they can discuss with their friends the problems that are difficult to say to their family members.However, parents often try to choose friends for their children. Some parents may even prevent their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is very interesting. Have you ever thought of the following questions?· Who choose your friends?· Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?· Have you got a good friend your parents don’t like?21. Many teenagers think their _________ know them more than their parents do.A. friendsB. teachersC. brothers and sistersD. classmates22. When teenagers stay alone, the usual way of communication is to ________.A. go to their fiendsB. talk with their parentsC. have a discussion with their familyD. talk with their friends on the phone23. Which of the following statements is DIFFERENT in meaning from the sentence “Some parents may even prevent their children from meeting their good friends.”?A. Some parents may even not allow their children to meet their good friends.B. Some parents may even ask their children to stay away from their good friends.C. Some parents may even not let their children meet their good friends.D. Some parents may want their children to stop to meet their good friends.24. What is implied in the passage?A. Parents should like everything their children enjoy.B. In all families, children can choose everything they like.C. Parents should try their best to understand their children better.D. Teenagers can only go to their friends for advice.25. The main idea of this passage is that ________.A. teenagers attach much importance to their friendsB. friends can give good adviceC. parents often choose their children’s friends for themD. good friends can communicate with each otherPassage 3Thousands of years ago people guessed the time of a day by watching the sun. Later, they found it was easier to tell the exact time by looking at the shadows. Thus, the sundial (日晷) was invented.The sundial proved a useful timepiece in sunny weather. However, another type of timepiece was necessary for cloudy weather and nigh time.A sand glass was another common measure of time. Two glass bottles were connected by a very small opening. The top bottle was filled with sand, which dropped slowly into the bottom one in a certain period of time. Hourglasses were widely used then. Three-minute sand glasses are still used in many homes to time the boiling of eggs.The real ancestor of modem clocks was the water clock. In China, an early water clock was made up of several bowls. Water trickled from one bowl to another to keep the clock going. Visitors to the Beijing Palace Museum can still see the old water clocks showing the time there.In the Middle Ages a waterless clock was invented which worked by means of weight. To keep the weight falling at the same speed, a system of wheels was invented. The pendulum (钟摆) was soon developed to control the speed of the wheels. Thus the modem form of clock came into being.26. Ancient people could guess the day time by________.A. the sunB. the starC. the weatherD. the water27. Three-minute sand glasses are still used in many homes _________.A. to boil eggsB. to measure the time of boiling eggsC. to hold the boiled eggsD. to have eggs boiled28. If you visit Beijing Palace Museum, you _________A. will see the old water clocks brokenB. will find the time shown by the old water clocks is wrongC. can find the old water clocks still telling the time thereD. will find the old water clocks have gone29. In the Middle Ages the falling speed of a weight was kept by _________A. several bowlsB. a system of wheelsC. a system of pendulumD. several springs30. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The sundial could tell time in any weather.B. Sand glasses are not used today.C. The ancestor of modern clocks was the pendulum.D. The modem form of clock came into being after the pendulum was developed.Passage 4When Chato’s barking didn’t stir Jerrica Seals, the recently adopted dog tried biting on the teenager’s leg to get the girl out of her burning house.No one was hurt. Fort Myers firefighters responded at about 7: 00 a. m.Five people lived in the Garcia’s home. That was neighbor Janice Hamilton’s main concern when she looked out of her window Friday and saw the flames. “I just threw my pants on to run outside to make sure they know how many people lived there.” Halmiton said. “It was scary.”“Seals called me screaming,” said Leticia Vega, 36, the sister of Seals’ boyfriend, Javier Garcia, 23, who owns the home. “She said the dog woke her up barking, jumped on the bed and bit her on the leg.”It is said that Garcia’s brother Gabrief brought Chato home several weeks ago after the animal wandered onto a Lehigh Acres construction site. Since then, Vega said, Chato had been mostly quiet until it mattered. “He doesn’t usually bark,” Vega said. “He’s really friendly.”According to deputy fire chief Steve Clyatt, possibly the fire started because of an inadequate extension cord used on a window air conditioner. More than half of the home was burned down. There was extensive smoke and water damage in the remainder of the structure.Estimates for repair costs were unavailable. “I’d say it’s unlikely they will recover this, but I’ve been surprised before.” Clyatt said.31. Who brought Chato home’?A. Jerrica Seals.B. Janice Hamilton.C. Javier Garcia.D. Gabrief.32. We know from the report EXCEPT ________.A. the relationship between Seals and GarciaB. the person who called the firefightersC. the possible cause of the accidentD. the owner of the house33. The underlined word “they” in Para 3 probably refers to ________.A. the firefightersB. Hamilton’s family membersC. other neighborsD. Vega and her brother Garcia34. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Fort Myers firefighters responded at about 8:00 a.m.B. Less than half of the home was burned down.C. Five people lived in the Garcia’s home.D. Garcia’s brother Gabrief brought Chato home several months ago.35. What would be the best title for this passage?A. Janice Hamilton Helps Save NeighborsB. Dog Saves Teen Girl from House FireC. Family Needs Help Due To House FireD. Firefighters Put Out House Fire答案：二、阅读理解Passage 116. D。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：35
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The tale is based on the ______ idea of a man who remains young while his portrait on the wall grows old.问题1选项A.tentativeB.whimsicalC.querulousD.cynical【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项tentative“试验性的，暂定的，踌躇的”，B项whimsical“古怪的，异想天开的”，C项querulous“易怒的，暴躁的，爱发牢骚的”，D项cynical“愤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”。
根据后面的定语从句“挂在墙上的肖像会变老，而他却依然年轻”可知，四个选项中“异想天开的”符合。
句意：这个故事是基于一个人的异想天开的想法，他仍然年轻，而他的肖像在墙上变老。
因此，该题选择B项。
2.单选题Lodger: I’m terribly sorry that I broke your precious vase. I’ll pay for it.Landlady: ____________________问题1选项A.Can’t complain.B.Never mind.C.Relax yourself.D.Take care.【答案】B【解析】考查语义。
句意：对不起，我打碎了你珍贵的花瓶，我会赔的。
别人因损害了自己的利益或冒犯了自己而道歉时，客气的应答为never mind“没关系”，所以B符合；A项“(生活/工作)还行”，C项“放松点”，D项“保重”，都不符合对话场景。
3.单选题We rarely perceive more than a minute ______ of the sights and sounds that fall upon our sense organs; the great majority pass us by.问题1选项A.frictionB.functionC.fractionD.fiction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第63期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.Black Fiction do es leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.46. The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it ______. 47. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______.48. The author of the passage believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt ______.49. The author of the passage refers to James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to ______.问题1选项A.emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fictionB.misinterprets the ideological content of such fictionC.misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fictionD.substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction问题2选项A.evaluating the soundness of a work of criticismparing various critical approaches to a subjectC.discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticismD.summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism问题3选项A.evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fictionB.attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by black authorsC.explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its historyD.assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically问题4选项A.point out affinities between Rosenblatt’s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticismB.clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passageC.qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt’s book made in the first paragraph of the passageD.give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt’s【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D【解析】46.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：87
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Janet _____ her sister for eavesdropping on her phone calls. “Stay out of my love life,” she chided.问题1选项A.upbraidedB.begrudgedC.underlinedD.grilled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项“责骂”，B项“嫉妒”，C项“强调”，D项“盘问；审问”。
结合句意：Janet 姐姐偷听她的电话。
“别插手我的爱情生活，”她斥责道。
所以选A项。
2.单选题His flamboyant personality combined sharpness of wit with sentimentality.问题1选项A.deviousB.humorousC.singularD.showy 【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
题干flamboyant“炫耀的，浮夸的”。
A项“迂回的；不正直的”，B项“幽默的”，C项“单一的；异常的”，D项“炫耀的，浮夸的”，因此只有D符合。
句意：他浮夸的性格结合了机智和感性。
3.单选题Although the number of reported volcanic eruptions has risen exponentially since 1850, this indicates not increasing volcanic activity but rather more widespread and ______ record keeping.问题1选项A.systematicB.erraticC.superficialD.abating【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项systematic“系统的，体系的”，B项erratic“不稳定的，古怪的”，C项superficial“表面的，肤浅的”，D项abating是abate的现在分词，表示“使减少，使缓和”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第77期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A human is quite a ______ creature, for the gloss of rationality that covers his or her fears and insecurity is thin and often easily breached.问题1选项A.valiantB.alternateC.frailD.alleviate【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。
A项valiant“英勇的，勇敢的”，B项alternate“交替的，轮流的”，C项frail“脆弱的，虚弱的”，D项alleviate为动词，表示“减轻；缓和”。
根据句子可知for是表原因，句子的意思是“因为掩盖恐惧和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱，并且经常很容易被打破”，所以推知空格处表示“脆弱的”，C项符合。
句意：人类是一种非常脆弱的生物，因为掩盖恐惧和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱，并且经常很容易被打破。
因此，该题选择C项。
2.单选题His ______ mannerisms irritated many of us who had known him before his promotion.问题1选项A.aestheticB.adverseC.adroitD.affected【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项aesthetic表示“美的，美学的，审美的”，B项adverse表示“不利的，相反的，敌对的”，C项adroit表示“敏捷的，灵巧的”，D项affected表示“受到影响的，（人或行为）做作的，假装的”。
根据irritated many of us（激怒了我们很多人）可知，“做作的”符合语境。
句意：他装模作样的举止激怒了我们中很多在他升职前就认识他的人。
因此，该题选择D项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：5
2022年考研考博-考博英语-国防科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In most cases politicians are ______ as they seldom tell the truth.问题1选项A.credibleB.credulousC.incredulousD.incredible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项credible“可靠的，可信的”，B项credulous“轻信的，因轻信而产生的”，C项incredulous“不肯相信的，表示怀疑的”，D项incredible“不可能相信的，很难相信的”。
由主语politicians（政客）和关键信息as they seldom tell the truth（因为他们很少讲真话）可知，politicians are ______表示的是“政客都是不能相信的”，D项符合。
句意：在大多数情况下，政客们都是难以令人相信的，因为他们很少讲真话。
因此，该题选择D项。
2.单选题The geologists all over the world make good use of many different techniques to probe the origin of the world.问题1选项A.proveB.retreatC.researchD.retrieve【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项prove“证明，检验”，B项retreat“退（棋），使后退”，C项research“研究，调查”，D项retrieve“检索，恢复，重新得到”。
句意：世界各地的地质学家很好地利用了许多不同的技术来探索世界的起源。
根据句意可知，probe在句中表示“探索”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。
因此，该题选择C项。
3.单选题His remarks were so ______ that we could not decide which of the possible meanings was correct. 问题1选项A.persuasiveB.ambiguousC.suspiciousD.consistent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
国防科技大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
国防科技大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science,but their form and function,their dimensions and appearance,weredetermined by technologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—using nonscientific modes of thought.Many features andqualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot bereduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions;they are dealt with inthe mind by a visual,nonverbal process.In the development of Westerntechnology,it has been nonverbal thinking,by and large,that hasfixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi surroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,and rockets exist not because of geometry orthermodynamics,but because they were first a picture in the mindsof those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seenin nearly every artifact that exists.For example,in designing adiesel engine,a technologist might impress individual ways ofnonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitivesense of rightness and fitness.What would be the shape of thecombustion chamber?Where should be valves be placed?Should it havea long or short piston?Such questions have a range of answers thatare supplied by experience,by physical requirements,by limitationsof available space,and not least by a sense of form.Some decisionssuch as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations,but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses,then,should be an essential element in engineering curricula.Nonverbal thinking,a central mechanism in engineering design,involves perceptions,the stock-in-trade of the artist,not the scientist.Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail“hard thinking,”nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought.But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering,the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students,but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design,which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practicalproblem-solving,are not provided,we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems.For example,early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system.Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations;they are a reflection of the chaos that results whendesign is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.1.In the text,the author is primarily concerned with[A]identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologists.[B]stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design.[C]proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in the development of technology.[D]contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists.2.It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are[A]strengthened when they include courses in design.[B]weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skills.[C]strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of the courses.[D]strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems.3.Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first two paragraphs of the text?[A]When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions,it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.[B]Each component of an automobile—for example,the engineor the fuel tank—has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that component’s function.[C]A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thought.[D]The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer’s conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.4.Which of the following statements would best serve as an introduction to the text?[A]The assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.[B]Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development.[C]As knowledge of technology has increased,the tendency has been to lose sight of the important role played by scientific thought in making decisions about form,arrangement,and texture.[D]A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician’s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonverbal reasoning ability that was once common among engineers.5.The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record“paradoxical”(line6,paragraph3)most probably because[A]the publication needed drawings that its own staff could notmake.[B]architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their students.[C]college students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were not.[D]engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own discipline. [答案与考点解析]1.【答案】B【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。
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华慧考博针对2012年国防科技大学考博英语试题特点分析
综述：国防科技大学2012年考博英语试题分为语法结构和词汇题（第一部分为语法结构题；第二部分为词汇题）、有选项的完形填空题、阅读题、翻译（两篇英文文章的英译中）和写作五个部分。
试题整体难度属于中等偏上，阅读部分有些试题有一定难度，不过题量特别大。
语法结构和词汇题部分的第一部分考察语法结构，第二部分考察词义辨析，考生在做这部分题时需要掌握英语中常用的一些语法结构、表达方式以及一定的词汇量。
完形填空题主要考词义辨析，也涉及逻辑关系题，在做这部分题时需充分利用上下文语境来做题。
阅读部分有7篇文章，文章内容涉及纽约商品交易所和伦敦国际石油交易所的在期货交易市场方面的竞争、对交易机械人的一个介绍、天文学家对遥远的恒星的发现、对土耳其经济发展的介绍、检查GDP作为美国经济健康状况一个指标的重要缺点、研究印第安人习俗和文化时存在的缺陷、流行病发生的诱因，主要考察推理判断题，也涉及细节事实题、主旨大意题和词汇题。
翻译部分除个别地方外，整体难度不大，不过篇幅较长，需要掌握长的英文句子英译中的翻译处理技巧。
作文属于根据话题表达个人观点类作文，对考生而言应该不难。
以上内容为华慧考博网独家分析整理，如有转载请说明来源
一、词汇题
1. 分值+题量：15分=30题（共30道题，每道题0.5分；第一部分的15题为语法结
构题；第二部分的15题为词汇题）
2. 难度：省高于大学英语六级水平
3. 考点：主要考察语法结构和词义辨析。
考生在做这部分题时需要掌握英语中常用的
一些语法结构、表达方式以及一定的词汇量。
二、完形填空题
1. 分值+题量：10分=20题（共20空，每空0.5分）
2. 难度：大学英语六级水平
3. 题型：有选项的完形填空
4. 考点：主要考词义辨析，也涉及逻辑关系题，在做这部分题时需充分利用上下文语
境来做题。
三、阅读题
1. 分值+题量：35分=7篇（每篇5题，共35道题，每道题1分）
2. 难度：高于大学英语六级水平（203-510字）
3. 题型：阅读文章后做选择题
4. 特点：文章内容涉及纽约商品交易所和伦敦国际石油交易所的在期货交易市场方面
的竞争、对交易机械人的一个介绍、天文学家对遥远的恒星的发现、对土耳其经济发展的介绍、检查GDP作为美国经济健康状况一个指标的重要缺点、研究印第安人习俗和文化时存在的缺陷、流行病发生的诱因。
5. 考点：主要考察推理判断题，也涉及细节事实题、主旨大意题和词汇题。
四、翻译题
1. 分值+题量：20分=两篇英文文章的英译中
2. 题型：英文文章的英译中
3. 难度：省高于大学英语六级水平
4. 考点：考察对分词短语充当后置定语、that引导后置定语从句、不定式短语充当后
置定语、分词短语充当结果状语等的翻译能力。
五、写作（总分为20分）
1. 题型：属于根据话题表达个人观点类作文
2. 难度：大学英语六级水平
3. 考点：考生需掌握表达观点类作文写作的方法和套路。
以上内容为华慧考博网独家分析整理，如有转载请说明来源。