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毕业设计题目护发素瓶盖注塑模设计翻译题目注塑模设计过程

专业材料成型及控制工程姓名林永明

班级材A0711班

学号23

指导教师李永志

机械与材料工程学院

二O一O年十一月

注塑模设计过程1

当设计塑料模具时，通常初学者经历的主要是应该从哪里下手以及应该采取的一般步骤是什么。本课内容包括介绍性的指导，使读者能够遵循确定的步骤来上掌握设计模具的方法。

实际上，模具制图通常包括三个视图，即：动模的俯视图、定模的俯视图及动定模的俯视图。这个总装配图应该包含足够的信息，以使绘图员可以画出每一个模具零件的详细图纸。然而，对于初学者，只画两个视图就够了，通常选择的这两个视图时动模部分的俯视图和整个模具的俯视图。

下面分七个阶段给出了模具典型设计的步骤。其顺序从工作零件的初始定位开始，直到检查整个制图结束。

阶段A：镶嵌件的初始位置。这一步的目标是确定工作零件相对整个视图水平及垂直中心线的位置。这一阶段里，要在俯视图及侧视图中确定出型腔及型芯的尺寸和位置。

阶段B：推出系统。在这一设计阶段，将确定推杆及复位杆的尺寸和位置，还要确定推件板及支撑板的总体尺寸。然而，在开始确定各种推出零件的位置之前，需谨慎确定冷却系统的类型，冷却系统最有利于控制模具的温度。对于这个基本的设计，可以采用平行的孔，在动定模板部分都包含两个通过模具工作零件侧边的孔。关于冷却系统位置的初步考虑对于防止后续设计中出现困难时非常重要的。

阶段C:推杆。这一阶段，制图进行到包括在俯视图及侧视图中推杆的细节问题，更进一步，如推杆及推杆导套加入到推出系统中。

阶段D:完成上半部分。将冷却系统和导柱加入到俯视图中，确定并画出模具的而最终外形轮廓。在俯视图中，画出浇口套。另外，再加入许多其他的项目，如浇注系统，拉料杆，定位圈和调整版等。

阶段E：完成俯视图。作为上半部分的镜像，可以画出俯视图的下半部分，再加入分流道及主流道的细节。一旦完成了俯视图，那么剖面图也就确定下来了。剖视图说明了模具中的每一个零件，这是非常重要的。这样，因为剖面图已经表示了支撑块、复位杆、推杆及其他的在前面的阶段已经包括的细节问题，剩下的就是导柱和导套以及水道的位置。注意，通过两个同样的零件做截面是没有好处的，那样做只是浪费绘图时间。

阶段F:完成剖视图。在这个设计阶段，要完成剖视图的绘制。与俯视图相关联的每一个局部剖视图都要考虑，以确保模具所有的有关元件都包括在图纸中，并清除明白地画出。这就意味着在这一阶段要完成剖视图下半部分的绘制。

阶段G:完成绘图。这最后一个阶段包括清洁图纸、要擦掉不想要的线、检查、打剖面线以及标示出模具中的所有零件。

模具设计者有时会遇到带有拼块的设计，拼块形成塑料的（侧向）凹陷或凸起，并使塑件不能以简单方式从模具中直接脱出。塑件的（侧向）凹陷或凸起是为了执行塑件的特殊功能或满足

1Peter Smid,CNC programming handbook(Second Edition), NewYork,U.S.A,Industrial Press,Inc.,2003

艺术要求，为生产这种塑件而采用组合设计的目的是使塑件顺利脱模。带有凹陷或凸起的塑件称做侧凹塑件。因为脱模前要抽出形成塑件侧凹凸的那部分型芯，所以这类塑件的模具设计比直接脱模的塑件模具复杂得多。

当设计塑料模时，必须采取的最后一步就是检查绘制完成的图纸。在这最重要的阶段，要带着发现和纠正可能已经发生的错误的目标，以一种找出问题的方式来细察设计的图纸。这些错误可能是以设计中的，也可能是绘图或是尺寸标记中的。

当绘图完成后，绘图员只有这一次机会来重新检查这个设计，确保每一方面正确以形成可使用的、有效的模具组合。

对于模具绘图员来说，检查的过程是非常重要的，这样才能确保图纸中的错误不在模具生产中发生。如果某一个错误没有被检查出来，而且还按指定的要求被加工，那么再去做必要的改正将要花费大量的开支，并且延期交货。通过一个没有参与设计的专门的检查员来检查设计图纸，是一种非常可行的办法，这样讲能够非常公正地检查图纸。

Procedure for Designing an Injection Mould

The major difficulty which beginners normally experience is the decision of where to start an the general procedure to adopt when designing a mould. This lesson is included as an introductory guide to permit the reader to follow a definite approach in order to establish a sequential technique of his own.

In practice a mould drawing normally comprises three views: a plan view of the moving half, a plan view of the fixed half, and a side sectional view of both mould halves. This “general arrangement”drawing should contain sufficient information to permit a draughtsman to make detailed drawings of each individual mould part. For the novice, however, it is sufficient to draw only two views, and the views normally chosen are the plan view of the moving half and the side sectional view of both mould halves.

In the following drawings the evolution of a typical design is given in seven separate checking of the completed drawing. The operation number given in both the drawings and the notes indicates the procedural sequence of the operations.

Stage A: primary positioning of inserts. The object of the primary positioning stage is to determine the position of the impression with respect to the major horizontal and vertical centre-lines. During this stage, the size and position of the cavity and core inserts are established in both and sectional views.

Stage B: the ejector system. During this design stage the size and position of the ejector pins and push-back pins are established. The overall sizes of ejector plate and retaining plate are also determined. Before commencing to position the various ejector elements, however, it is prudent to consider the type of fluid circulation system that is most applicable tor controlling the temperature of the mould. For this basic design, a parallel drilled hole system is adopted, with two holes being incorporated in each half, the holes passing on either side of the mould insert. This preliminary consideration regarding the position of the fluid circulation system is essential to prevent difficulties being experienced later in the design.

Stage C: the ejector grid. During this design stage the drawing progresses to include detail of the ejector grid in both plan and sectional views. Further details, such as the ejector rod and ejector rod bush, are added to the ejector system.

Stage D: complete the top half. The fluid circulation system and the guide pillars are added to the plan view which permits the final outside shape of the mould to be determined and drawn and drawn. In the sectional view the sprue drawing is complete. In addition, various items such as the feed system, spure pin, bridge piece and register plate details are added.

Stage E: complete the plan. The lower half of the plan view can now be drawn as a mirror image of the top half. The runner and sprue pin details are added. Once the plan view is complete, the section cutting plane can be decided upon. It is essential that the cross-sectional view illustrates each component part of the mould. Thus, as the cross-section already shows such items as support block, push-back pin, ejector pin and other centre-line details which have been incorporated in previous stages, the only remaining items to be included are the guide pillars and bushes, and the position of the fluid holes. Note that there is no advantage in taking a section through two identical part. To de so is a complete waste of draughting time.

Stage F: complete the cross-sectional view. During this design stage the cross-sectional drawing is completed. Each part-section is considered independently in relations to the plan view to ensure that all