教材课后习题参考答案新版_学生版(1-4)章_
英语课本课后练习各单元答案
英语课本课后练习各单元答案Answers to Unit OnePart I Reading GuidelinesReading Practice 1The first sentence.Reading Practice 22Reading Practice 3One of the newly and rapidly developing telecommunication technologies, the Internet, is bringing a new form of communication: intercultural computer-mediated communication to many people around the world.Reading Practice 44Reading Practice 5(培根《论读书》王佐良先⽣译)读书⾜以怡情,⾜以博采,⾜以长才。
其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博采也,最见于⾼谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。
练达之⼠虽能分别处理细事或⼀⼀判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰,⽂采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条⽂断事乃学究故态。
读书补天然之不⾜,经验⼜补读书之不⾜,盖天⽣才⼲犹如⾃然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;⽽书中所⽰,如不以经验范之,则⼜⼤⽽⽆当。
有⼀技之长者鄙读书,⽆知者羡读书,唯明智之⼠⽤读书,然书并不以⽤处告⼈,⽤书之智不在书中,⽽在书外,全凭观察得之。
读书时不可存⼼诘难作者,不可尽信书上所⾔,亦不可只为寻章摘句,⽽应推敲细思。
书有可浅尝者,有可吞⾷者,少数则需咀嚼消化。
换⾔之,有只需读其部分者,有只需⼤体涉猎者,少数则需全读,读时需全神贯注,孜孜不倦。
书亦可请⼈代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不⾼者,否则书经提炼犹如⽔经蒸馏、淡⽽⽆味矣。
读书使⼈充实,讨论使⼈机智,笔记使⼈准确。
部编版语文一年级上册教科书(教材)课后习题参考答案
你喜欢哪个季节?仿照课文说一说。
提示:课文前三节都运用了叠词,说 出了事物的特征;课文第一、二节的句式 是“什么对什么说”,而第三、四节的句 式是“什么怎么样地说”。这些我们都可 以学着用一用。
示例:我喜欢夏天和秋天。
▷ 西瓜圆圆,他鼓着肚皮说:“我是夏天。” ▷ 柿子红红,他仰着小脸儿,对南飞的大雁
背诵指导:课文先写我们的国旗是五星红 旗,然后描述升国旗时的庄严情景,接着写我 们在升国旗时注视、立正、敬礼。结合自己参 加升国旗仪式的感受,熟读成诵。
课后习题 课文
5 影子
朗读课文,读准字音。
朗读指导:朗读时,先读准字音,“常、 着、是”是翘舌音,“子、在、左”是平舌 音,“子、着、的、友”读轻声。要重读表 示影子出现的位置的词和表现影子形状的词, 语速稍快。
读一读,说一说,看谁说得多。
金色的
雪白的
快活的
示例: 金色的(太阳/麦穗/沙漠) 雪白的(羽毛/棉花/梨花) 快活的(孩子/小鸟/星星)
课后习题 课文 12 雪地里的小画家
朗读课文。背诵课文。
朗读指导:第一句读得大声、响亮,读 出欢呼的语气。“啦”字用在句末,加强了 感叹语气,读出兴奋激动的感觉。想象下大 雪的时候,“小画家们”和我们一样兴奋地 跑向雪地,边跑边欢呼,朗读时要把自己的
写字 写作业
课后习题 课文 8 雨点儿
分角色朗读课文。
朗读指导:读小雨点儿的话时声音可以 天真一些,读大雨点儿的话时声音可以稳重 一些。问句要读出疑问语气,语速稍慢;回 答时要表现小雨点儿和大雨点儿都急着去自 己想去的地方的情态,语速稍快。
读下面的句子,注意读好停顿。
不久,有花有草的地方,花 更·红·了,
小学语文教材课后习题参考答案
教材课后习题参考答案1绿叶的梦2.因为“我们"在采集绿叶时能爬大树钻丛林,嬉笑,打闹,给"我们"带来了许多欢乐。
"我们”还能用元宝树叶串成项链在旷野的课堂里,绿叶和野花谱写成"我们"生活的乐章。
秋天一到“我们"背着筐,扛着筢,奔跑着,欢呼着搂树叶,堆成垛,躺在上面打滚,翻跟头挑选出那些漂亮的叶子装饰教室老师让"我们”观察并讲述这些叶子丰富"我们”的生活知识。
★说说自己童年有趣的事,跟同学一起分享快乐。
回忆自己的童年,从有趣入手。
说话要有条理口齿要清楚。
说起自己的童年,我就觉得好笑又好玩,它给我留下了永久的记忆。
那是去年暑假的一天妈妈让我午休,我偏偏不听,和亚强一起到邻居家的枣树上去偷枣,枣摘得不多,却摸着了马蜂窝重得我俩脸都像馒头一样。
从那以后,我再也不敢东跑西颠了。
2芦叶船2."我们"在竖河里放芦叶船时产生过这样的联想有的找不到了,联想到它已经远航了;有的靠在岸边,联想到它进港了。
联想到的原因是他们见过真正的船是怎样航行的又是怎样远航和进港的,这与他们的生活经历是分不开的。
"我们"联想芦叶船开到长江里开到东海里,这是对芦叶船充满了希望,也是"我们”对生活的希望。
3.在第一组里,第二句"那里的河道特别多,横的、竖的,像蜘蛛网一样"较第一句多加了“像蜘蛛网一样",就把那里的河道不仅多而且纵横交错的情景形象地展现在人们眼前了。
在第二组里,第二句"只见这只芦叶船顺着风顶着浪,越开越远,一会儿就看不见了”。
这里的"顺着风,顶着浪",不仅把芦叶船是在怎样的情况下开走的交代清楚了,还能使人想到"我”的表哥确实"更会"做芦叶船,进而能理解"我"那"又惊又喜”的心情。
(新教材)部编人教版高中数学必修一第一章课后练习和习题汇总(附答案)
(新教材)部编人教版高中数学必修一第一章课后练习和习题汇总(附答案)目录第一章集合与常用逻辑用语.1.1 集合的概念1.2 集合间的基本关系1.3集合的基本运算1.4 充分条件与必要条件1.5全称量词与存在量小结复习参考题1第一章集合与常用逻辑用语1.1集合的概念练习1.判断下列元素的全体是否组成集合,并说明理由:(1)与定点A,B等距离的点;【答案解析】:是集合,因为这些点有确定性.(2)高中学生中的游泳能手.【答案解析】:不是,因为是否能手没有客观性,不好确定.2.用符号“∈”或“∉”填空:0___ N; -3___ N; 0.5__Z; √2__z; ⅓__Q; π__R.【答案解析】:根据自然数,整数,有理数,实数的定义即可判断.0是自然数,则0∈N ;-3不是自然数,则-3∉N ; 0.5,√2 不是整数,则0.5∉Z,√2∉Z;⅓是有理数,则⅓∈Q ;π 是无理数,则π∈R故答案为:(1)∈;(2)∉ ;(3)∉ ;(4)∉ ;(5)∈ ;(6)∈3.用适当的方法表示下列集合:(1)由方程x²-9=0的所有实数根组成的集合;【答案解析】:{-3, 3}.(2)一次函数y=x+3与y=-2x+6图象的交点组成的集合;【答案解析】: {(1, 4)}.(3)不等式4x- 5<3的解集.【答案解析】:{x | x<2}.习题1.1一、复习巩固1.用符号“∈”或“∉”填空:(1)设A为所有亚洲国家组成的集合,则中国____ A,美国____A,印度____A,英国____ A;【答案解析】:设A为所有亚洲国家组成的集合,则:中国∈A,美国∉A,印度∈A,英国∉A.(2)若A={x|x²=x},则-1____A;【答案解析】:A={x|x²=x}={0, 1},则-1∉A.(3)若B={x|x²+x-6=0},则3____B;【答案解析】:若B={x|x²+x-6=0}={x|(x+3)(x-2)=0}={-3,2},则3∉B; (4)若C={x∈N|1≤x≤10},则8____C, 9.1____C.【答案解析】:若C={x∈N|1≤x≤10}={1, 2, 3,4,5, 6,7, 8,9,10},则8∈C, 9.1∉C.2.用列举法表示下列集合:(1)大于1且小于6的整数;【答案解析】:大于1且小于6的整数有4个:2,3,4,5,所以集合为{2,3,4,5}.(2) A={x|(x-1)(x +2)=0};【答案解析】:(x- 1)(x+2)=0的解为x=1或x=-2,所以集合为{1, -2}.(3) B={x∈Z|-3<2x-1<3}.【答案解析】:由-3<2x-1<3,得-1<x<2.又因为x∈Z,所以x=0.或x=1,所以集合为{0,1}.二、综合运用3.把下列集合用另一种方法表示出来:(1) {2,4,6,8, 10};【答案解析】:{x |x=2k, k=1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.(2)由1,2,3这三个数字抽出一部分或全部数字(没有重复)所组成的一切自然数;【答案解析】:{1, 2, 3, 12, 21, 13, 31, 23, 32, 123, 132, 213, 231, 312, 321}.(3) {x∈N|3<x<7};【答案解析】:{4, 5, 6}.(4)中国古代四大发明.【答案解析】:{指南针,活字印刷,造纸术,火药}.4.用适当的方法表示下列集合:(1)二次函数y=x²-4的函数值组成的集合;【答案解析】: {y | y≥-4}.(2)反比例函数y=2/x的自变量组成的集合;【答案解析】:{x | x≠0}.(3)不等式3x≥4- 2x的解集.【答案解析】:{x |x≥4/5}.三、拓广探索5.集合论是德国数学家康托尔于19 世纪末创立的.当时,康托尔在解决涉及无限量研究的数学问题时,越过“数集”限制,提出了一般性的“集合”概念.关于集合论,希尔伯特赞誉其为“数学思想的惊人的产物,在纯粹理性的范畴中人类活动的最美的表现之一”,罗素描述其为“可能是这个时代所能夸耀的最伟大的工作”.请你查阅相关资料,用简短的报告阐述你对这些评价的认识.【答案解析】:略.1.2 集合间的基本关系练习1.写出集合{a, b,c}的所有子集.【答案解析】由0个元素构成的子集: ∅;由1个元素构成的子集: {a}, {b}, {c};由2个元素构成的子集: {a, b}, {a,c}, {b, c};由3个元素构成的子集: {a, b, c};综上,可得集合{a,b, c}的所有子集有: 0, {a}, {b}, {c}, {a, b}, {a,c}, {b, c}, {a, b, c}.2.用适当的符号填空:(1) a__ {a,b,c}; (2) 0__ {x|x²=0};(3) B___ {x∈R|x²+1=0}; (4) {0,1}___N(5) {0}___ {x|x²=x}; (6) {2, 1}___{x|x²-3x+2=0}.【答案解析】:(1)∈;(2)=;(3)=;(4)⊆;(5)⊆;(6)=.3.判断下列两个集合之间的关系:(1) A={x|x<0}, B={x|x<l};(2) A={x|x=3k,k∈N},B={x|x=6z,z∈N};(3) A={x∈N₋|x是4与10的公倍数},B={x|x=20m, m∈N₊}.【答案解析】:⫋A B B A A=B习题1.2一、复习巩固1.选用适当的符号填空:(1)若集合A={x|2x-3<3x}, B={x|x≥2},则-4___B,-3___ A, {2}___B,B___ A;【答案解析】:∵集合A= {x|2x-3< 3x}= {x|x>-3},B = {x|x≥2},则∴-4∉B,-3∉A,{2}B,B A.故答案为:∉,∉,,。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4学生用书课后习题答案(后附testyourself重要词翻译)
UNIT11)多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。
Mr. Doherty and his family are curren tly engage d in gettin g the autumn harves t in on the farm.2)我们不能低估敌人,他们装备了最先进的武器。
We must not underestima te the enemy. They are equipp ed with the most sophis ticat ed weapo n s.3)菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了,正变得越来越绝望。
Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is gettin g increa singl y desperate.4)作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确。
Sam, as the project manage r, is decisi ve, effici ent, and accura te in his judgme nt.5)既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源,村委会决定将其关闭,为此损失了一百个工作岗位。
Since the chemic al plantwas identi fiedas the source of pollut ion, the villag e neighb orho o d commit tee decide d to closeit down at the cost of 100 jobs.2.攻势已经持续三天,但是我们并没有取得多少进展。
The offensive had alread y lasted threedays, but we had not gained much ground.师长命令我们营夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。
选择性必修第一册课后习题学生版Unit 4 Section D Using Language (Ⅱ)
Section D Using Language(Ⅱ)课后篇素养升华基础训练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.I have no choice but to b you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.2.Smith was so impressed by what she had done that he i(询问) the girl’s name.3.Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with (冲突) among people.4.Burying his face in his hands,the boy tried not to (哭泣) before so many people.5.The article (暗示) that the pilot was responsible for the accident.6.Finding the course very difficult,she decided to move to a (较低的) level.7.Stress is widely (察觉) as contributing to coronary heart disease(冠心病).Ⅱ.短语填空1.He was a great ancient Chinese thinker and (educate) around three thousand years old.2.There is a growing (tend) for people to return to the hometown to start their business.3.Mary told me that she could (bare) make out the stage in the darkness.4.The train got more jam-packed and soon all of the seats were (occupy).5.Before the exam,the school organized some activities to remove fears and (anxious) from students’ mind.6.The young man was very (embarrass) to hear people speak so highly of him.7.I was too nervous,which made me more than a little embarrassed and (shame).8.He will have to make major (adjust) to his thinking if he is to survive in office.Ⅲ.完成句子1.They (号召) people and the government to take measures to fight against it.2.When you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more about how they(反应) it.3.If the child has to (向前倾)when walking with a loaded pack,it is too heavy.4. (无论什么困难) he may meet with,he will carry on his plan.5. (据说) the old man made a fortune abroad by collecting old things.能力提升Ⅳ.阅读理解There is one language that is used in every country in the world.The people who use it are young and old,short and tall,thin and fat.It is everybody’s second language.It is easy to understand,although you can’t hear it.It is sign language.When you wave to a friend who is across the street,you are using sign language.When you smile at someone,you are saying,“I want to be friendly”,but you are not using speech.You are using sign language.When you raise your hand in class,you are saying,“Please ask me.I think I know the correct answer.”Babies who can’t talk can point at things.They are using sign language.A policeman who wants to stop traffic holds up his hands.He is using sign language.Many years ago,a French priest,Charles Michel de Epee,became interested in education for deaf people.He invented a finger alphabet (字母表).It is still in use.People can make the sign for letters andspell words with their hands,and deaf people can read and understand them.Soon there were schools for the deaf in many countries.The only university for the deaf is Gallaudet College in Washington,D.C.Today,in the United States,there are special TV news programs for deaf people.The newsreader tells the news in sign language.At the same time,the words appear on the TV screen.The actors in the Theatre of Deaf don’t spell every word.Sometimes they use hand signs.When they put two hands together,it means sandwich.They can make a roof with them when they want to show a house.One finger in front of an actor’s mouth can mean quiet.You can talk to people who are behind windows that are closed.And when you go swimming with your friends,you can have conversations under water.How many hand signs do you use every day?1.What will you do if you want to express the idea that “I am very friendly” to someone?A.Raise your hand.B.Put one hand onto the other.C.Smile to the person.D.Make a roof with your hands.2.What does the underlined word “them” most probably refer to?A.Fingers.B.Hands.C.Sandwiches.D.Actors.3.What is the passage mainly about?A.An introduction to sign languageB.The importance of sign languageC.A famous priest in FranceD.Ways to use sign languageⅤ.应用文写作假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4学生用书_课后习题答案(后附testyourself重要词翻译)
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4学生用书_课后习题答案(后附testyourself重要词翻译)UNIT1VocabularyI.1. alliance;2. at the cost of;3. stroke;4. limp;5. minus;6. regions;7. declarations;8. siege;9. raw; 10. bide his time; 11. have taken their toll;12. in the case of1. is faced with;2. get bogged down;3. is pressing on/pressed on;4. drag on5. get by;6. dine out;7. have cut back; 8. get through;1.lead to the conquest of cancer in the near feature2.has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’strike3.will/should never get in the way of her career4.caught the foreign minister off guard5.of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule outof date/obsolete1. Being faced with; the occupation of; regions;2. crucial to; efficient; to reckon with; weaken; be brought toa halt;3. a heroic; the decisive; turned the tide; siege; by launchingII.1.During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the mostdramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2.Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.3.I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4.Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body couldwithstand the harsh weather.III.1. fall ill;2. lay dead at home for two weeks;3. dropped dead from a heart attack;4. fell asleep;5. marrying young;6. to sit still for longer than a few minutes;Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. invasion;2. stand in the way;3. Conquest;4. catching… off his guard;5. launching;6. declaration;7. campaign;8. drag on;9. reckon with; 10. bringing… to a halt1. allow;2. reckoned;3. highly;4. forecasts;5. rapidly;6. instant;7. delivery;8. advantage;9. observing; 10. powerful;II.1.1)Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on thefarm.2)We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.3)Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.4)Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5)Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commande r instruc ted our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. T o do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination目的地before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This t urned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.UNIT2VocabularyI.1. expansion;2. automated;3. vapor;4. take control of;5. hazards;6. satellite;7. vibrated;8. magnetic;9. bunched; 10. in the air;11. got/was stuck in; 12. approximately;1. send out;2. stand up for;3. pass for;4. were closing in on;5. starting up;6. went through;7. fill out;8. fall into1.incorporates all the latest safety features2.two trees ten feet apart3.awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm4.the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars5.are correlated in all racial groups1. the application; remote; has turned into a reality; are poised to2. that vibrate; can detect; frequency3. lanes; are mounted in; alert a; hazard;II.1.kilogram;2. memorandum;3. gymnasium;4. liberation;5. doctor;6. veterinarian;7. preparatory;8. automobile;9. influenza;10. medical care; 11. electronic mail; 12. communications satellite;13. news broadcast; 14. sky hijack; 15. European dollar;16. breakfast and lunch; 17. television broadcast; 18. Oxford and CambridgeIII.1. swimming pool;2. drawing board;3. enriched Middle English;4. disturbing change;5. fully developed prototype;6. Canned foods7. working population; 8. puzzling differences;Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. computerized;2. start up;3. be poised to;4. alert;5. hazards;6. monotonous;7. take control of;8. steer;9. lane; 10. decrease;11. calculate; 12. eliminate; 13. getting stuck in; 14. mounted;15. detect; 16. vapor;1. generates;2. related;3. revolutionized;4. enabled;5. opportunities;6. overall;7. manufacturing;8. dependent;9. interact; 10. fatalities;II.1.6)There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.7)The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall inliving standards and an increase in social problems.8)The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with globaltemperatures.9)The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.10)The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards,危害especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eli minate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted 安装in your car can detect alcohol v apor 蒸汽in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals s ent o ut from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of g etting stuck in traffic jams. UNIT3VocabularyI.1. rude;2. physically;3. structure;4. made a difference;5. blurted (out);6. chuckling;7. measurable;8. prospective;9. preparations; 10. sparkled; 11. took a crack at; 12. partner;1. go after;2. look back at/on;3. be put up;4. stood for;5. build in;6. follow up;7. be hooked up to;8. closed up6.grilled her about where she had been all night7.beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace8.will be in readers’ hands soon9.do your homework before going on an interview10.was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars1. applicants; veteran; the prospective;2. from his standpoint; has made every endeavor to go after;3. as the saying goes; to have a crack at; barely;II.1. behave;2. keep (used to avoid repetition);3. clean;4. get along;5. perform/complete;6. perform/complete;7. study;8. be enough;9. be acceptable;III.1.There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. Ok, I’ll talk about myself first.2.Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have somethinghere for you.3.The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the dailynewspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4.I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will seeyou in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5.OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6.Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. prospective;2. As I see it;3. done your homework;4. beforehand;5. endeavor;6. structure;7. partners;8. Respond;9. take a crack; 10. from the standpoint; 11. make a difference;12. follow up1. encouraging;2. inquiry;3. relevant;4. samples;5. references;6. advice;7. preparing;8. seriously;9. probably; 10. exhibit;II.1.11)Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilotmanaged to stop the plane after taxiing for only o short while.12)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone towplastic surgeries.13)We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have thefuture in our hands.14)If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have madebetter preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.15)People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were tobe built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremelyimportant for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospectiv e employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.UNIT5VocabularyI.1. In a way;2. in accordance with;3. vacancy;4. in good condition;5. transparent;6. rub;7. spicy;8. hitherto;9. with (a) bad grace; 10. instinct; 11. pawned; 12. current;1. turned up;2. will stick to;3. brought back;4. go about;5. driving at;6. put away;7. turning over;8. took aback;11.has a very weak constitution—she may not be able to survive the operation12.was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim13.was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that14.needs trimming/to be trimmed—it’s getting too long15.are often deceptive1. Oddly enough; went broke; wrinkled; he had gone all to pieces2. definite; is capable of; her vanity;3. too mild; sipping; stroke;II.1. Except for;2. except that;3. except;4. except when;5. except to;6. except what;7. except where;8. except that;III.1. flat;2. can;3. candy;4. lift;5. faculty;6. ground floor;7. petrol;8. mail;9. railroad; 10. trousers;11. tube, underground; 12. maize; 13. store; 14. favorable; 15. paralyse; 16. labour; 17. meter; 18. catalogue; 19. levelling ; 20. theatre ;21. defense ; 22. plow ; 23. programme ; 24. practise;25.characterize; 26. tire;Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. insane;2. current;3. candid;4. capable;5. was taken aback;6. in good condition;7. constitution;8. go all to pieces;9. gone broke; 10. vacancy; 11. mild; 12. deceptive;1. suspected;2. pleading;3. confirmed;4. stunned;5. lucrative;6. jewellery;7. wealthy;8. urge;9. spell; 10. arrested;II.1.16)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of anadventurer.17)He is c apable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.18)The trademark was registered i n accordance with与一致the laws h itherto到目前为止inforce.19)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turnedup.20)The teacher’s affectio nate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mikeperceived 感知the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless然而, he turned out to be very ,sane venture荒唐的冒险. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent 冷漠to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.UNIT6VocabularyI.1. appliances;2. comparative;3. multiply;4. distribution;5. prosperity;6. decorate;7. famine;8. large quantities of/a large quantity of9. streamline; 10. fax; 11. pointed the way to; 12. bewildered;1. eat into;2. cling to;3. stand out/stood out;4. wears away;5. set about;6. switch off;7. will be turned loose;8. poured in;16.is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent17.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by theheat and flames18.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involvedwith issues of market demand.19.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at£900 and dresses at£2,00020.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep herbody in shape1. reaction to; discontent; provoked;2. Convention; evading tax; the confines of;3. a burden; are always on the go/seem forever on the go; to cope;II.1. nervousness;2. tension;3. stress; stress;4. tension;1. honorary;2. Honorable;3. honorable;4. honorary;5. honorable;6. Honorary;III.1.Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spendlarge sums of money to save some pieces—be it an elephant or an orchid—in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?2.This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quicklyscreened—at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, expert suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.3.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, youwould say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures youa happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.4.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sitespromoting violence are just a clickaway, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. switch off ;2. obliged ;3. on the go ;4. cope;5. shortage;6. large quantity of;7. pouring in;8. by nature;9. fraction; 10. futile;1. advantage;2. wisely;3. faithfully;4. waking;5. includes;6. schedule;7. sticking;8. priorities;9. set; 10. respect;II.1.21)They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies forincurable diseases/cures for diseases that are beyond remedy治疗so far.22)Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my mathteacher, never tried to cramknowledge into my head.23)The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes ofweather wherever we go on a trip.24)The appalling 骇人的explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse坍塌of thebuilding.25)In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to w aste awa y time, and all kinds ofdistractions are eating into our precious time.2.Today we are under constant 持续的pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception 感觉that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring 下一代and shoulder the burden of domestic 家庭的responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil辛苦longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction 小部分of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy 亲密among family members i s doomed to die in the process.UNIT7VocabularyI.1. divined;2. nerves;3. solidarity;4. sacred; mourn5. coated6. perish;7. hijack;8. grief;9. farewell; 10. take revenge on;11. revolves; revolves; 12. denounced;1. drop off;2. applied for;3. went off;4. are gaining on;5. bring down;6. blotted out;7. think back on;8. picking at;21.brought down the American housing market in 200822.what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?23.not in the mood to go out24.long before the market began to show signs of weakness25.mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside1. in the aftermath of; to blot out; the tragic;2. armed; at dusk; accomplices; explosive;3. in the space of; no illusion;II.1. a little of;2. a few; most of/many of;3. much;4. few;5. many;6. many of;7. much of;8. little;9. few of; 10. Some;III.1. As the boy grew older;2. she signs as beautifully as a nightingale/sings like a nightingale;3. they don’t see themselves as servants of the people;4. As she had left her key in the office;5. Just do as you are told;6. Areas once regarded as rural;7. as they do in China8. As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive ExercisesI.1. mood;2. tragic;3. in the…aftermath of;4. chaos;5. toppling;6. solidarity;7. take revenge on;8. thinking back on;9. mourning; 10. perished1. crashed;2. horrible;3. harsh;4. protect;5. remove;6. utterly;7. truly;8. justify;9. rewarded; 10. devastating;II.1.26)Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started toa coup, toppling the governmentand throwing the country into chaos.27)The falling market shattered her illusion about getting rich quickly.28)Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies wasthe natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.29)Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood for aquarrel/not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to bear it.30)People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved ones in theevent, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2.Today, long after the earthquake shook/hit my home town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risenon the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been built to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.UNIT8VocabularyI.1. heap;2. was smeared;3. warmed;4. dissolve;5. thrash;6. out of the way;7. hollows;8. tangled;9. get his hands on;10. opaque; 11. at the edge of; illumined; 12. hop;1. take apart;2. result from;3. run out of;4. feed on;5. come forward;6. woke up;7. focused on;26.was dying to see the movie based on it27.as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sounds from the ground28.fuss too much over details29.slumped into an armchair, (feeling) completely exhausted30.was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time1.swarmed to; the spectacular; paddled;2.in the heart of; out of the range of; trailing over; gliding in;3.Day after day; strip; the heaving; slap;II.1. worth;2. worthy;3. worthwhile;4. worth; worth;5. worthwhile;6. worthy;1. lone;2. alone;3. alone;4. lonely;5. lonely;6. alone; lonely;III.1.ice-cream;2. teas;3. wines;4. cloth;5. soap;6. beer;7. fuels; 8. soils; 9. sugars; 10. grass;Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. are dying to ;2. in the heart of ;3. tangled;4. paddles;5. loop;6. out of sight;7. in flocks;8. hopping;9. gliding; 10. opaque; 11. thrashing; 12. darting;13. swarms; 14. spectacular;1. running;2. fancy;3. incorporate;4. exploring;5. guide;6. adventure;7. rarely;8. diverse;9. survive; 10. lucky;II.1.31)Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to her on theirfirst date.32)At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, butbefore long they were out of sight.33)The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waitingfor their arrival.34)Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his character.35)Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknote. He said he had found it on the curbwhen he hopped off his school bus.2.Last Wednesday, my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decide to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I’d like to go there again.Test yourself u1 to u4Globallization by the bookGlobalization is actually quite easy to define. It is simply an extension of economic freedoms beyond national boundaries. Many years ago I got a chance to enjoy the freedom that globalization brings when on my 20th birthday. I boarded a plane that brought me from Bombay 孟买to New York. And when I landed in New York it was still my 20th birthday and I celebrated it by eating Chinese food that came in funny little white containers I‘d never seen before。
五年级下册书后习题答案
学习内容课本第2~4页例1、例2,第8页练习一第1~2题。
学习目标认识两个图形的轴对称,探索图形成轴对称的特征和性质,能在方格纸上画出一个图形的轴对称图形。
课文讲解本单元让孩子进一步认识图形的轴对称,探索图形成轴对称的特征和性质,学习在方格纸上画出一个图形的轴对称图形和画出一个简单图形旋转90°后的图形,发展空间观念。
主题图,现实生活中人们用对称、平移和旋转设计出的许多美丽的事物和图案。
让孩子在欣赏图形变换所创造出的美好事物的过程中,进一步感受对称、平移和旋转在生活中的应用,体会数学的价值。
例1,让孩子先画一个图形中的对称轴,复习已有的关于轴对称图形的知识,在此基础上教学例1。
“松树”是一个图形的轴对称,而“小草”是两个图形的轴对称。
从而引出两个图形成轴对称的概念[1],并引导孩子从整体上概括出轴对称的特征。
接着,让孩子探索、发现图形成轴对称的性质[2],并为学习例2做准备。
例2,让孩子画出小房子的另一半。
其中屋顶、房体及大门是一个图形的轴对称,窗户是两个图形的轴对称。
小精灵聪聪问:“怎样画得又好又快?”提示孩子在动手之前,先思考好画的步骤和方法。
辅导精要让孩子读一读编者的话,“小秘密”就是我们这学期要学习的内容。
让孩子读一读课本的目录,共有8个单元,小秘密的图一可能是第1单元的内容,图二是第3单元的内容,图三是第2单元的内容。
用几分钟时间浏览全书。
主题图,让孩子先说一说对这些图案的整体感知,体验图案美;进一步观察,找出各个图案中相同的部分,再说一说这些图形的特征,他可能会根据图形的变换把这些图形分成对称、平移、旋转等几类,也可能无法说出图形的特征,其实这也没关系,在第三课时孩子还有机会深入学习。
读单元的课题:图形的变换。
可让孩子先阅读本套课本二年级上册第5单元“观察物体”第68页“对称”,二年级下册第3单元“图形与变换”第41页“平移和旋转”。
告诉孩子:本单元是进一步学习这些内容。
例1,让孩子独立画出例1上面图形的对称轴,再找一找图形中的对应点。
物理化学核心教程(第二版学生版)课后习题答案及详细解答
物理化学核心教程(第二版)参考答案第 一 章 气 体一、思考题1. 如何使一个尚未破裂而被打瘪的乒乓球恢复原状?采用了什么原理?答:将打瘪的乒乓球浸泡在热水中,使球壁变软,球中空气受热膨胀,可使其恢复球状。
采用的是气体热胀冷缩的原理。
2. 在两个密封、绝热、体积相等的容器中,装有压力相等的某种理想气体。
试问,这两容器中气体的温度是否相等?答:不一定相等。
根据理想气体状态方程,若物质的量相同,则温度才会相等。
3. 两个容积相同的玻璃球内充满氮气,两球中间用一玻管相通,管中间有一汞滴将两边的气体分开。
当左球的温度为273 K ,右球的温度为293 K 时,汞滴处在中间达成平衡。
试问:(1)若将左球温度升高10 K ,中间汞滴向哪边移动? (2)若两球温度同时都升高10 K, 中间汞滴向哪边移动? 答:(1)左球温度升高,气体体积膨胀,推动汞滴向右边移动。
(2)两球温度同时都升高10 K ,汞滴仍向右边移动。
因为左边起始温度低,升高10 K 所占比例比右边大,283/273大于303/293,所以膨胀的体积(或保持体积不变时增加的压力)左边比右边大。
4. 在大气压力下,将沸腾的开水迅速倒入保温瓶中,达保温瓶容积的0.7左右,迅速盖上软木塞,防止保温瓶漏气,并迅速放开手。
请估计会发生什么现象?答:软木塞会崩出。
这是因为保温瓶中的剩余气体被热水加热后膨胀,当与迅速蒸发的水汽的压力加在一起,大于外面压力时,就会使软木塞崩出。
如果软木塞盖得太紧,甚至会使保温瓶爆炸。
防止的方法是灌开水时不要太快,且要将保温瓶灌满。
5. 当某个纯物质的气、液两相处于平衡时,不断升高平衡温度,这时处于平衡状态的气-液两相的摩尔体积将如何变化?答:升高平衡温度,纯物的饱和蒸汽压也升高。
但由于液体的可压缩性较小,热膨胀仍占主要地位,所以液体的摩尔体积会随着温度的升高而升高。
而蒸汽易被压缩,当饱和蒸汽压变大时,气体的摩尔体积会变小。
随着平衡温度的不断升高,气体与液体的摩尔体积逐渐接近。
2021部编版1—6语文下册全册教材课后习题参考答案
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2020部编版1—6语文下册全册教材课后习题参考答案部编版一年级下册教材课后习题参考答案识字1 春夏秋冬(春)(风)吹夏(雨)落(秋)霜降(冬)(雪)飘池(草)(青)(山)(花)(红)(鱼)(出)(水)(鸟)(入)(林)春风夏雨红花秋霜青草游鱼飞鸟识字3 小青蛙眼睛请问清水晴天心情语文园地一春回大地万物复苏柳绿花红莺歌燕舞冰雪融化泉水叮咚百花齐放百鸟争鸣第1课吃水不忘挖井人水井井口叫声叫好乡亲亲人主席主人上面面前战士战友第2课我多想去看看弯弯的小路宽宽的公路美丽的天山洁白的雪莲雄伟的天安门壮观的升旗仪式第3课一个接一个接着接力一再再见做梦做伴有趣趣事这样这里各自各种各样第4课四个太阳高山果园田野碧绿金黄火红清凉香甜温暖语文园地二一辆车一匹马一册书一棵树一支铅笔一架飞机春晓唐孟浩然春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼鸟。
夜来风雨声,花落知多少。
第5课小公鸡和小鸭子小公鸡跟在小鸭子后面,也下了水。
小公鸡偷偷地跟在小鸭子后面,也下了水。
小鸭子游到小公鸡身边。
小鸭子飞快地游到小公鸡身边。
第6课树和喜鹊从前喜鹊孤单叽叽喳喳后来邻居快乐安安静静开开心心上上下下快快乐乐高高兴兴白白胖胖红红火火第7课怎么都快乐跳绳踢足球讲故事听音乐打排球玩游戏看书画画开门唱歌语文园地三赠汪伦唐李白李白乘舟将欲行,忽闻岸上踏歌声。
新部编人教版小学五年级语文下册教材课后题参考答案
新部编人教版小学五年级语文下册教材课后题参考答案1.古诗三首1.有感情地朗读课文。
背诵课文。
默写《四时田园杂兴(其三十一)》。
〔名师来指导〕体会诗人的思想感情,了解诗的意思,反复有感情地诵读诗歌,然后一边读一边想象诗的画面,最后抓住三首诗的具体景物将三首诗背诵下来。
默写古诗时要关注生字,注意较难字。
2.读下面的诗句,说说你眼前浮现出怎样的情景,体会其中的乐趣。
〔答案大家找〕(1)小孩子虽然不会耕田织布,但也在那桑树荫下学着种瓜。
(2)清晨,满脸稚气的小孩,将夜间冻结在盆中的冰块脱下,用彩丝把冰块穿起来当银钲。
(3)那小牧童横坐在牛背上,缓缓地把家还;拿着一支短笛,随口吹着,也没有固定的声腔。
小练笔根据诗歌内容,展开想象,选择其中一首改写成短文。
〔答案大家找〕示例:《村晚》改写夏末秋初,乡村的傍晚真美!雨过天晴,池塘里涨满了水,犹如一面硕大的银镜。
小鱼在水中快活地游来游去。
池塘边的青草和水中的芦苇长得十分茂盛,有的尖叶上还滚动着晶莹剔透的水珠。
夕阳西下,与两座山相连接,这景色连同小桥和岸边的树木一起倒映在池塘中,随着池中细小的波纹晃荡着,起伏着。
柳荫下,慢悠悠地走来了一头黄牛,它拍打着尾巴,“哞哞”叫着,似乎在赞叹傍晚的美丽景色呢!仔细一看,牛背上还横坐着一个牧童,他头戴草帽,身披一件小褂子,腰间系一条棕色腰带,合身的短裤和那双草鞋搭配得恰到好处。
忽然,一阵稚嫩却悦耳的笛声传来,它时而婉转,时而悠扬,时而高亢,时而低沉,似乎不成曲调,就这样无忧无虑地跳着,奔向前方。
小牧童的身影渐渐消失在暮色里,只有那跳跃的笛音,仍然隐隐约约地在淡淡的暮霭里飞翔。
2.祖父的园子1.默读课文。
说说“我”和祖父在园子里做了什么,祖父的园子有什么特别之处。
〔答案大家找〕“我”和祖父在园子里栽花、拔草、种小白菜、铲地、浇水,“我”还在园子里摘黄瓜、追蜻蜓、采倭瓜花、捉蚂蚱、睡觉。
特别之处:祖父的园子里不但动植物齐全,而且一切都是自由快乐的。
最新教材高中数学课后习题答案大全2019人A版
2.解析 D⫋C⫋B⫋A,
Venn 图如图所示.
1.1 集合的概念
A∪( B∩C) = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} .
3.解析 “ 每位同学最多只能参加两项比赛”
表示为 A∩B∩C = ⌀.
(1) A∪B 表示参加 100 m 或参加 200 m 跑
的同学.
(2) A∩C 表示既参加 100 m 又参加 400 m
跑的同学.
综合运用
4. 解 析 因 为 A = { x | 3 ≤ x < 7 }, B =
8} ;A∪B = {3,5,6,8} ∪{ 4,5,7,8} = { 3,4,
5,6,7,8} .
2.解析 A = { x | x 2 -4x-5 = 0} = { x | ( x- 5) ·( x
+1) = 0} = {5,-1} ,B = { x | x 2 = 1} = { - 1,1} ,
3.解析 充 分 条 件: ( 1) ∠1 = ∠4, ( 2) ∠1 =
∠2,(3) ∠1+∠3 = 180°.
必要条件:( 1) ∠1 = ∠4,( 2) ∠1 = ∠2,( 3)
∠1+∠3 = 180°.
1.4.2 充要条件
练习
1.解析 ( 1) p 是 q 的充要条件. ( 2) p 是 q 的
(2) { 1,2,3,12,21,13,31,23,32,123,132,
213,231,312,321} .
(3) {4,5,6} .
(3) { 造纸术,印刷术,指南针,火药} .
4.解析 (1) { y | y = x 2 -4,x∈R}
= { y | y≥-4} .
(2) x≠0 时,函数 y =
人教版高一数学课后答案精品
人教版高一数学课后答案第一章集合与函数概念1.1集合1.1.1集合的含义与表示练习(第5页)1.(1)中国A ,美国A ,印度A ,英国A ;中国和印度是属于亚洲的国家,美国在北美洲,英国在欧洲.(2)1A 2{|}{0,1}A x x x .(3)3B 2{|60}{3,2}Bx xx.(4)8C ,9.1C9.1N .2.解:(1)因为方程290x的实数根为123,3x x ,所以由方程290x的所有实数根组成的集合为{3,3};(2)因为小于8的素数为2,3,5,7,所以由小于8的所有素数组成的集合为{2,3,5,7};(3)由326y x yx ,得14x y,即一次函数3y x与26yx的图象的交点为(1,4),所以一次函数3yx与26yx 的图象的交点组成的集合为{(1,4)};(4)由453x ,得2x ,所以不等式453x 的解集为{|2}x x.1.1.2集合间的基本关系练习(第7页)1.解:按子集元素个数来分类,不取任何元素,得;取一个元素,得{},{},{}a b c ;取两个元素,得{,},{,},{,}a b a c b c ;取三个元素,得{,,}a b c ,即集合{,,}a b c 的所有子集为,{},{},{},{,},{,},{,},{,,}a b c a b a c b c a b c .2.(1){,,}a a b c a 是集合{,,}a b c 中的一个元素;(2)20{|0}x x 2{|0}{0}x x ;(3)2{|10}xR x 方程210x无实数根,2{|10}x R x;(4){0,1}N(或{0,1}N ){0,1}是自然数集合N 的子集,也是真子集;(5){0}2{|}x xx (或2{0}{|}x xx )2{|}{0,1}x xx ;(6)2{2,1}{|320}x x x方程2320xx 两根为121,2x x .3.解:(1)因为{|8}{1,2,4,8}Bx x 是的约数,所以A B ;(2)当2kz 时,36k z ;当21kz 时,363k z ,即B 是A 的真子集,BA ;(3)因为4与10的最小公倍数是20,所以A B .1.1.3集合的基本运算练习(第11页)1.解:{3,5,6,8}{4,5,7,8}{5,8}A BI I ,{3,5,6,8}{4,5,7,8}{3,4,5,6,7,8}A BU U .2.解:方程2450xx 的两根为121,5x x ,方程210x的两根为121,1x x ,得{1,5},{1,1}A B ,即{1},{1,1,5}A BA BI U .3.解:{|}A Bx x I 是等腰直角三角形,{|}A Bx x U 是等腰三角形或直角三角形.4.解:显然{2,4,6}U Be ,{1,3,6,7}U Ae ,则(){2,4}U A B I e ,()(){6}U UA B I 痧.1.1集合习题1.1 (第11页) A组1.(1)237Q 237是有理数;(2)23N 239是个自然数;(3)Q 是个无理数,不是有理数;(4)2R 2是实数;(5)9Z93是个整数;(6)2(5)N2(5)5是个自然数.2.(1)5A ;(2)7A ;(3)10A .当2k 时,315k ;当3k 时,3110k ;3.解:(1)大于1且小于6的整数为2,3,4,5,即{2,3,4,5}为所求;(2)方程(1)(2)0x x 的两个实根为122,1x x ,即{2,1}为所求;(3)由不等式3213x ,得12x,且xZ ,即{0,1,2}为所求.4.解:(1)显然有20x,得244x,即4y,得二次函数24yx的函数值组成的集合为{|4}y y;(2)显然有0x,得反比例函数2yx的自变量的值组成的集合为{|0}x x;(3)由不等式342x x ,得45x ,即不等式342x x 的解集为4{|}5x x.5.(1)4B ;3A ;{2}B ;BA ;2333x x x,即{|3},{|2}A x x Bx x;(2)1A ;{1}A ;A ;{1,1}=A ;2{|10}{1,1}Ax x;(3){|}x x 是菱形{|}x x 是平行四边形;菱形一定是平行四边形,是特殊的平行四边形,但是平行四边形不一定是菱形;{|}x x 是等边三角形{|}x x 是等腰三角形.等边三角形一定是等腰三角形,但是等腰三角形不一定是等边三角形.6.解:3782x x ,即3x,得{|24},{|3}A x x B x x,则{|2}A Bx xU ,{|34}A B x xI .7.解:{|9}{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}A x x 是小于的正整数,则{1,2,3}A B I ,{3,4,5,6}A CI ,而{1,2,3,4,5,6}B CU ,{3}B CI ,则(){1,2,3,4,5,6}A B C I U ,(){1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}A B C U I .8.解:用集合的语言说明这项规定:每个参加上述的同学最多只能参加两项,即为()A B C I I .(1){|}A B x x U 是参加一百米跑或参加二百米跑的同学;(2){|}A Cx x I 是既参加一百米跑又参加四百米跑的同学.9.解:同时满足菱形和矩形特征的是正方形,即{|}B Cx x I 是正方形,平行四边形按照邻边是否相等可以分为两类,而邻边相等的平行四边形就是菱形,即{|}A B x x 是邻边不相等的平行四边形e ,{|}S A x x 是梯形e .10.解:{|210}A Bx xU ,{|37}A Bx xI ,{|3,7}R Ax xx 或e ,{|2,10}R Bx xx或e ,得(){|2,10}R A B x x x U 或e ,(){|3,7}R A B x x x I 或e ,(){|23,710}R A B x xxI 或e ,(){|2,3710}R A B x xxxU 或或e .B 组1.4集合B 满足A BA U ,则B A ,即集合B 是集合A 的子集,得4个子集.2.解:集合21(,)|45x y D x y xy 表示两条直线21,45xyxy的交点的集合,即21(,)|{(1,1)}45x y Dx y xy,点(1,1)D 显然在直线y x 上,得D C .3.解:显然有集合{|(4)(1)0}{1,4}Bx x x ,当3a时,集合{3}A ,则{1,3,4},A B A BU I ;当1a 时,集合{1,3}A ,则{1,3,4},{1}A B A B U I ;当4a时,集合{3,4}A ,则{1,3,4},{4}A BA BU I ;当1a ,且3a ,且4a时,集合{3,}A a ,则{1,3,4,},A Ba A BU I .4.解:显然{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}U,由U A B U ,得U B A e ,即()U UA B B I 痧,而(){1,3,5,7}U A B I e ,得{1,3,5,7}U B e ,而()U UB B 痧,即{0,2,4,6,8.9,10}B.第一章集合与函数概念1.2函数及其表示1.2.1函数的概念练习(第19页)1.解:(1)要使原式有意义,则470x ,即74x,得该函数的定义域为7{|}4x x ;(2)要使原式有意义,则1030xx ,即31x ,得该函数的定义域为{|31}x x.2.解:(1)由2()32f x xx ,得2(2)322218f ,同理得2(2)3(2)2(2)8f ,则(2)(2)18826f f ,即(2)18,(2)8,(2)(2)26f f f f ;(2)由2()32f x xx ,得22()3232f a aa aa ,同理得22()3()2()32f a a a aa ,则222()()(32)(32)6f a f a aa aa a ,即222()32,()32,()()6f a aa f a aa f a f a a .3.解:(1)不相等,因为定义域不同,时间0t ;(2)不相等,因为定义域不同,()(0)g x x x.1.2.2函数的表示法练习(第23页)1.解:显然矩形的另一边长为2250x cm ,222502500y x xx x ,且050x,即22500(050)yx x x .2.解:图象(A )对应事件(2),在途中遇到一次交通堵塞表示离开家的距离不发生变化;图象(B )对应事件(3),刚刚开始缓缓行进,后来为了赶时间开始加速;图象(D )对应事件(1),返回家里的时刻,离开家的距离又为零;图象(C )我出发后,以为要迟到,赶时间开始加速,后来心情轻松,缓缓行进.3.解:2,2|2|2,2x x y x x x,图象如下所示.4.解:因为3sin 602o,所以与A 中元素60o相对应的B 中的元素是32;因为2sin 452o,所以与B 中的元素22相对应的A 中元素是45o.1.2函数及其表示习题1.2(第23页)1.解:(1)要使原式有意义,则40x ,即4x ,得该函数的定义域为{|4}x x ;(2)xR ,2()f x x 都有意义,即该函数的定义域为R ;(3)要使原式有意义,则2320x x ,即1x 且2x ,得该函数的定义域为{|12}x x x且;(4)要使原式有意义,则4010xx ,即4x 且1x ,得该函数的定义域为{|41}x x x 且.2.解:(1)()1f x x 的定义域为R ,而2()1xg x x的定义域为{|0}x x ,即两函数的定义域不同,得函数()f x 与()g x 不相等;(2)2()f x x 的定义域为R ,而4()()g x x 的定义域为{|0}x x ,即两函数的定义域不同,得函数()f x 与()g x 不相等;(3)对于任何实数,都有362xx ,即这两函数的定义域相同,切对应法则相同,得函数()f x 与()g x 相等.3.解:(1)定义域是(,),值域是(,);(2)定义域是(,0)(0,)U ,值域是(,0)(0,)U ;(3)定义域是(,),值域是(,);(4)定义域是(,),值域是[2,).2()352f x x x ,所以4.解:因为2(2)3(2)5(2)2852f ,(2)852f ;即同理,22()3()5()2352f a a a aa,即2()352f a aa ;22(3)3(3)5(3)231314f aa a aa ,即2(3)31314f aaa ;22()(3)352(3)3516f a f a a f aa ,即2()(3)3516f a f aa .5.解:(1)当3x时,325(3)14363f ,即点(3,14)不在()f x 的图象上;(2)当4x时,42(4)346f ,即当4x 时,求()f x 的值为3;(3)2()26x f x x,得22(6)xx,即14x .6.解:由(1)0,(3)0f f ,得1,3是方程20x bxc的两个实数根,即13,13b c ,得4,3bc,即2()43f x xx ,得2(1)(1)4(1)38f ,即(1)f 的值为87.图象如下:8.解:由矩形的面积为10,即10xy,得10(0)yxx,10(0)xyy,由对角线为d ,即22d xy ,得22100(0)dx xx,由周长为l ,即22l xy ,得202(0)l x xx,另外2()l xy ,而22210,xydxy ,得22222()22220(0)l x y xyxy dd ,即2220(0)ldd.9.解:依题意,有2()2dxvt ,即24v x t d,显然0x h ,即240v th d,得24h d tv,得函数的定义域为2[0,]4h dv和值域为[0,]h.10.解:从A到B的映射共有8个.分别是()0()0()0f af bf c,()0()0()1f af bf c,()0()1()0f af bf c,()0()0()1f af bf c,()1()0()0f af bf c,()1()0()1f af bf c,()1()1()0f af bf c,()1()0()1f af bf c.B组1.解:(1)函数()r f p的定义域是[5,0][2,6)U;(2)函数()r f p的值域是[0,);(3)当5r,或02r时,只有唯一的p值与之对应.2.解:图象如下,(1)点(,0)x和点(5,)y不能在图象上;(2)省略.3.解:3, 2.522,211,10 ()[]0,011,122,233,3xxxf x x xxxx图象如下4.解:(1)驾驶小船的路程为222x,步行的路程为12x,得2221235x xt,(012)x,即241235x xt,(012)x.(2)当4x时,2441242583()3535t h.第一章集合与函数概念1.3函数的基本性质1.3.1单调性与最大(小)值1.答:在一定的范围内,生产效率随着工人数量的增加而提高,当工人数量达到某个数量时,生产效率达到最大值,而超过这个数量时,生产效率随着工人数量的增加而降低.由此可见,并非是工人越多,生产效率就越高.2.解:图象如下[8,12]是递增区间,[12,13]是递减区间,[13,18]是递增区间,[18,20]是递减区间.3.解:该函数在[1,0]上是减函数,在[0,2]上是增函数,在[2,4]上是减函数,在[4,5]上是增函数.4.证明:设12,x x R ,且12x x ,因为121221()()2()2()0f x f x x x x x ,即12()()f x f x ,所以函数()21f x x 在R 上是减函数. 5.最小值.1.3.2单调性与最大(小)值练习(第36页)1.解:(1)对于函数42()23f x xx ,其定义域为(,),因为对定义域内每一个x 都有4242()2()3()23()f x x x x xf x ,所以函数42()23f x x x 为偶函数;(2)对于函数3()2f x xx ,其定义域为(,),因为对定义域内每一个x 都有33()()2()(2)()f x x x xx f x ,所以函数3()2f x xx 为奇函数;(3)对于函数21()xf x x,其定义域为(,0)(0,)U ,因为对定义域内每一个x 都有22()11()()x xf x f x xx,所以函数21()xf x x 为奇函数;(4)对于函数2()1f x x,其定义域为(,),因为对定义域内每一个x 都有22()()11()f x x xf x ,所以函数2()1f x x为偶函数.2.解:()f x 是偶函数,其图象是关于y 轴对称的;()g x 是奇函数,其图象是关于原点对称的.习题1.3A 组1.解:(1)5(,)2上递减;函数在5[,)2函数在上递增;(2)(,0)上递增;函数在[0,)上函数在递减.12x x ,而2.证明:(1)设2212121212()()()()f x f x xx x x x x ,由12120,0x x x x ,得12()()0f x f x ,即12()()f x f x ,所以函数2()1f x x 在(,0)上是减函数;(2)设120x x ,而1212211211()()x x f x f x x x x x ,由12120,0x x x x ,得12()()0f x f x ,即12()()f x f x ,所以函数1()1f x x在(,0)上是增函数.3.解:当0m时,一次函数y mxb 在(,)上是增函数;当0m 时,一次函数ymx b 在(,)上是减函数,令()f x mx b ,设12x x ,而1212()()()f x f x m x x ,当0m时,12()0m x x ,即12()()f x f x ,得一次函数y mxb 在(,)上是增函数;当0m时,12()0m x x ,即12()()f x f x ,得一次函数y mxb 在(,)上是减函数.4.解:自服药那一刻起,心率关于时间的一个可能的图象为5.解:对于函数21622100050xyx ,当162405012()50x 时,max 307050y (元),即每辆车的月租金为4050元时,租赁公司最大月收益为307050元.6.解:当0x时,0x,而当0x时,()(1)f x x x ,即()(1)f x x x ,而由已知函数是奇函数,得()()f x f x ,得()(1)f x x x ,即()(1)f x x x ,所以函数的解析式为(1),0()(1),0x x x f x x x x.B 组1.解:(1)二次函数2()2f x xx 的对称轴为1x,则函数()f x 的单调区间为(,1),[1,),且函数()f x 在(,1)上为减函数,在[1,)上为增函数,函数()g x 的单调区间为[2,4],且函数()g x 在[2,4]上为增函数;(2)当1x 时,min()1f x ,因为函数()g x 在[2,4]上为增函数,所以2min()(2)2220g x g .2.解:由矩形的宽为x m ,得矩形的长为3032x m ,设矩形的面积为S ,则23033(10)22x xx S x,当5x 时,2max 37.5S m ,即宽5xm 才能使建造的每间熊猫居室面积最大,且每间熊猫居室的最大面积是237.5m .3.判断()f x 在(,0)上是增函数,证明如下:设120x x ,则120x x ,因为函数()f x 在(0,)上是减函数,得12()()f x f x ,又因为函数()f x 是偶函数,得12()()f x f x ,所以()f x 在(,0)上是增函数.复习参考题A 组1.解:(1)方程29x的解为123,3x x ,即集合{3,3}A ;(2)12x,且xN ,则1,2x ,即集合{1,2}B ;(3)方程2320xx 的解为121,2x x ,即集合{1,2}C.2.解:(1)由PAPB ,得点P 到线段AB 的两个端点的距离相等,即{|}P PA PB 表示的点组成线段AB 的垂直平分线;(2){|3}P POcm 表示的点组成以定点O 为圆心,半径为3cm 的圆.3.解:集合{|}P PAPB 表示的点组成线段AB 的垂直平分线,集合{|}P PA PC 表示的点组成线段AC 的垂直平分线,得{|}{|}P PAPB P PAPC I 的点是线段AB 的垂直平分线与线段AC 的垂直平分线的交点,即ABC 的外心.4.解:显然集合{1,1}A ,对于集合{|1}B x ax ,当0a 时,集合B,满足BA ,即0a ;当0a时,集合1{}B a,而BA ,则11a,或11a,得1a,或1a ,综上得:实数a 的值为1,0,或1.5.解:集合20(,)|{(0,0)}30x y A Bx y x y I ,即{(0,0)}A B I ;集合20(,)|23x y A Cx y x y I ,即A C I ;集合3039(,)|{(,)}2355x y B Cx y xyI ;则39()(){(0,0),(,)}55A B B C I U I .6.解:(1)要使原式有意义,则2050x x ,即2x ,得函数的定义域为[2,);(2)要使原式有意义,则40||5x x ,即4x ,且5x ,得函数的定义域为[4,5)(5,)U .7.解:(1)因为1()1x f x x,所以1()1a f a a ,得12()1111a f a aa,即2()11f a a ;(2)因为1()1x f x x,所以1(1)(1)112a a f a a a,即(1)2a f a a.8.证明:(1)因为221()1x f x x,所以22221()1()()1()1x x f x f x x x,即()()f x f x ;(2)因为221()1x f x x,所以222211()11()()111()x x f f x x xx,即1()()f f x x .9.解:该二次函数的对称轴为8k x,函数2()48f x xkx 在[5,20]上具有单调性,则208k ,或58k ,得160k,或40k ,即实数k 的取值范围为160k,或40k.10.解:(1)令2()f x x ,而22()()()f x x xf x ,即函数2y x 是偶函数;(2)函数2y x 的图象关于y 轴对称;(3)函数2y x 在(0,)上是减函数;(4)函数2yx 在(,0)上是增函数.B 组1.解:设同时参加田径和球类比赛的有x 人,则158143328x ,得3x ,只参加游泳一项比赛的有15339(人),即同时参加田径和球类比赛的有3人,只参加游泳一项比赛的有9人.2.解:因为集合A ,且20x,所以0a .3.解:由(){1,3}U A B U e ,得{2,4,5,6,7,8,9}A BU ,集合A B U 里除去()U A B I e ,得集合B ,所以集合{5,6,7,8,9}B.4.解:当0x时,()(4)f x x x ,得(1)1(14)5f ;当0x时,()(4)f x x x ,得(3)3(34)21f ;(1)(5),1(1)(1)(3),1a a a f a a a a.5.证明:(1)因为()f x axb ,得121212()()222x x x x a f a b x x b ,121212()()()222f x f x ax b ax b a x x b ,所以1212()()()22x x f x f x f ;(2)因为2()g x x ax b ,得22121212121()(2)()242x x x x g xx x x a b ,2212121()()22x x x x a b ,因为2222212121212111(2)()()0424xx x x xx x x ,即222212121211(2)()42x x x x xx ,所以1212()()()22x x g x g x g .6.解:(1)函数()f x 在[,]b a 上也是减函数,证明如下:设12bx x a ,则21ax x b ,因为函数()f x 在[,]a b 上是减函数,则21()()f x f x ,又因为函数()f x 是奇函数,则21()()f x f x ,即12()()f x f x ,所以函数()f x 在[,]b a 上也是减函数;(2)函数()g x 在[,]b a 上是减函数,证明如下:设12bx x a ,则21ax x b ,因为函数()g x 在[,]a b 上是增函数,则21()()g x g x ,又因为函数()g x 是偶函数,则21()()g x g x ,即12()()g x g x ,所以函数()g x 在[,]b a 上是减函数.7.解:设某人的全月工资、薪金所得为x元,应纳此项税款为y元,则x,由该人一月份应交纳此项税款为26.78元,得25004000 x,得2517.825(2500)10%26.78x,所以该人当月的工资、薪金所得是2517.8元.。
2024年人教版三年级上册英语第四单元课后练习题(含答案和概念)
2024年人教版三年级上册英语第四单元课后练习题(含答案和概念)试题部分一、选择题:1. Which letter is the first in the word "cat"?A. CB. DC. AD. TA. bookB. catC. dogD. pen3. What is the opposite of "big"?A. smallB. tallC. shortD. fat4. Which of the following words is a noun?A. RunB. JumpC. BookD. Read5. How do you spell "apple"?A. ApleB. AplleC. AppleD. ApplA. hungryB. thirstyC. tiredD. all of the above7. What is the plural form of "mouse"?A. mousesB. miceC. mouseD. mices8. Which of the following is a verb?A. CatB. DogC. RunD. Book9. What is the past tense of "go"?A. goedB. goneC. wentD. go10. Which of the following words means "not"?A. NoB. NeverC. NotD. None二、判断题:1. "Dog" and "cat" are both animals. ( )2. "I" is a noun. ( )3. "Run" and "jump" are both verbs. ( )4. "Apple" is a fruit. ( )5. "She" and "he" are pronouns. ( )6. The plural form of "child" is "childs". ( )7. "Eat" and "drank" are in the same tense. ( )8. "Yes" and "no" are opposite in meaning. ( )9. "Big" and "small" are adjectives. ( )10. "I am" and "you are" are both present tense. ( )三、填空题:1. The cat is _______ than the dog.2. I am _______ years old.3. My mother is a _______.4. The sun is _______ in the sky.5. We go to school _______.6. She _______ a book every day.7. _______ is my favorite color.8. I can _______ a bike.9. We should always _______ to our teachers.10. The _______ is very beautiful.11. He is _______ the classroom.12. I like to _______ in the park.13. _______ is the capital of China.14. My birthday is in _______.15. _______ and _______ are both fruits.16. The _______ is very hot.17. She has a _______ named Max.18. We learn English in _______.19. I want to be a _______ when I grow up.20. _______ is the largest animal in the world.四、简答题:1. What is your favorite subject in school? Why?2. Describe your best friend.3. What do you usually do after school?4. What is your hob? Can you explain how you do it?5. What is your favorite season? Why do you like it?6. Can you describe your classroom?7. What do you do on weekends?8. Who is your favorite teacher? Why do you like them?9. What is your favorite book? Can you tell me about it?10. How do you celebrate your birthday?一、选择题答案:1. A2. B3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. C9. C10. C二、判断题答案:1. √2. ×3. √4. √5. √6. ×7. ×8. √9. √10. √三、填空题答案:1. smaller2. eight3. doctor4. shining5. bus6. reads7. Blue8. ride9. listen10. flower11. in12. play13. Beijing14. June15. apples; oranges16. weather17. cat18. school19. pilot20. The blue whale四、简答题答案(示例):1. My favorite subject is math because I like solving problems.2. My best friend is tall and has brown hair. We like playing soccer together.3. After school, I usually do my homework and then play with my friends.4. My hob is drawing. I like to draw pictures of animals and nature.5. My favorite season is summer because I can go swimming and have fun outside.7. On weekends, I like to go to the movies with my family.8. My favorite teacher is my English teacher because she makes learning fun.9. My favorite book is "Harry Potter" because it is fullof magic and adventure.英语基础知识:单词拼写、名词、动词、形容词、反义词、名词复数形式。
新教材第四章答案修正版
4-18 图4.1所示系统中,发电机以发电机-变压器组方式接入系统,最大开机方式为4台机全开,最小开机方式为两侧各开1台机,变压器T5和T6可能2台也可能1台运行。
其参数为:图4.1 系统示意图115/3kV E ϕ=; 1.1 2.1 1.2 2.215G G G G X X X X ====Ω; 1.3 2.3 1.4 2.410G G G G X X X X ====Ω,1.1 1.4~10T T X X =Ω,0.10.4~30T T X X =Ω, 1.5 1.620T T X X ==Ω,0.50.640T T X X ==Ω;60km A B L -=,40km B C L -=;线路阻抗120.4/km Z Z ==Ω,0 1.2/km Z =Ω,线路阻抗角均为075,.max .max 300A A B L C B L I I --==,负荷功率因数角为030; 1.2ss K =, 1.2re K =,0.85rel K I =,0.75rel K II =,变压器均装有快速差动保护。
试解答:(1) 为了快速切除线路上的各种短路,线路A-B 、B-C 应在何处配备三段式距离保护,各选用何种接线方式?各选用何种动作特性?答:应该在1,2,3,4处配备三段式距离保护;选用接地距离保护接线方式和相间距离保护接线方式;它们的I ,II 段选择具有方向特性的距离保护,III 选用具有偏移特性的距离保护。
(2) 整定保护1~4的距离I 段,并按照你选定的动作特性,在一个阻抗复平面上画出各保护的动作区域。
答:线路AB 的正序阻抗 10.46024AB A B Z Z L -==⨯=Ω线路BC 的正序阻抗 10.44016BC B C Z Z L -==⨯=Ω 保护1,2的距离I 段 .1,20.852420.4IIset rel AB Z K Z ==⨯=Ω 保护3,4的距离I 段 .3,40.851613.6IIset rel BC Z K Z ==⨯=Ω保护1~4距离I 段在阻抗复平面上的动作区域如图4.1.1所示,圆周1、2、3、4分别对应保护1、2、3、4距离I 段的动作特性:图4.1.1 保护1~4距离I 段的动作特性(3) 分别求出保护1、4接地距离II 段的最大、最小分支系数; 答:对保护1:(I )当与相邻下级线路距离保护I 段相配合时1max 2.88b K =,1min 1.59b K =(II )当与相邻变压器的快速保护相配合时1max 2.88b K =,1min 2.01b K =对保护4:(I )当与相邻下级线路距离保护I 段相配合时4max 2.26b K =,4min 1.41b K =(II )当与相邻变压器的快速保护相配合时4max 1.99b K =,4min 1.53b K =(4) 分别求出保护1、4接地距离II 、III 段的定值及时限,并校验灵敏度。
语文 部编 一年级下 教材课后习题参考答案
教材课后习题参考答案第一单元识字2㊀姓氏歌第2题㊀你姓什么?我姓贺.什么贺?加贝贺.㊀你姓什么?我姓章.什么章?立早章.㊀你姓什么?我姓吕.什么吕?双口吕.㊀你姓什么?我姓林.什么林?双木林.选做㊀㊀班里的同学有李㊁王㊁刘等姓.识字3㊀小青蛙第2题㊀请㊀清㊀晴㊀情识字4㊀猜字谜第1题㊀王十个口.(答案:古.)大口吃小口.(答案:回.)第二单元2㊀我多想去看看第3题㊀我多想成为一名优秀的人民警察,为维护人民的生命财产安全和社会的安定和谐而奋斗.㊀我多想成为一名画家,画出祖国各地的美景.3㊀一个接一个第1题㊀我正在花园里跳舞,就听见大人在喊: 该回家看书啦! 唉,我多想再跳一会儿啊.不过,看书的时候,也能知道很多有趣的故事呀!4㊀四个太阳第1题㊀我会为春天画一个粉色的太阳,因为春天是一个充满生机的季节,粉色能让大家感受到春天的温柔可爱;我会为夏天画一个蓝色的太阳,因为夏天是一个炎热的季节,蓝色会给大家带来清凉;我会为秋天画一个绿色的太阳,因为秋天是一个草木枯萎的季节,绿色能让人看到生机和希望;我会为冬天画一个红色的太阳,因为冬天是一个寒冷的季节,红色的太阳能为世界带来温暖.第三单元5㊀小公鸡和小鸭子第2题㊀第1组句子中,第2句比第1句多了 偷偷地 ,突出了小公鸡的好奇㊁顽皮和淘气.第2组句子中,第2句比第1句多了 飞快地 ,说明小鸭子听到小公鸡喊救命,立刻以最快的速度去救小公鸡,表现出小鸭子救小公鸡时急切的样子.6㊀树和喜鹊第1题㊀因为后来这里种了好多好多树,每棵树上都有鸟窝,每个鸟窝里都有喜鹊,原来孤单的树和喜鹊有了邻居,他们都不再孤单了,所以树和喜鹊后来都很快乐.第2题㊀明明白白㊀大大方方㊀平平安安㊀许许多多7㊀怎么都快乐第2题㊀折纸船㊀踢毽子㊀搭积木㊀看书㊀画画㊀下象棋㊀打羽毛球㊀坐跷跷板㊀拔河第四单元10㊀端午粽第2题㊀端午节的传说有很多,其中一种说法是:端午节源于纪念屈原.㊀㊀据史书记载,屈原是春秋时期楚怀王当政时期的大臣,他倡导选举贤能,富国强兵,主张联齐抗秦,但是遭到贵族子兰等人的强烈反对,屈原被罢官流放.在流放中,他写下了忧国忧民的«离骚»«天问»«九歌»等不朽的作品.后来秦军攻破楚国都城,屈原心如刀割,始终不忍舍弃自己的祖国,农历五月初五,在写下了绝笔作«怀沙»之后,屈原抱石投汨罗江而死,以自己的生命谱写了一曲壮丽的爱国主义乐章.㊀㊀传说屈原死后,楚国百姓哀痛异常,纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原.渔夫们划着船,在江里打捞他的遗体,后来逐渐发展为赛龙舟.百姓们又怕江里的鱼虾吃掉屈原的身体,就纷纷拿来米团投入江中,后来演变成吃粽子的习俗.这就是端午节和粽子的故事.11㊀彩㊀虹第2题㊀走来走去㊀飞来飞去㊀说来说去㊀想来想去第五单元识字7㊀操场上第2题㊀我喜欢踢足球.因为踢足球能激发我的竞争意识,培养我和他人团结协作的能力.我喜欢打乒乓球.因为乒乓球是我国的国球,而且打乒乓球可以提高个人的反应能力,此外,对预防近视也有一定的帮助.第六单元13㊀荷叶圆圆第2题㊀小水珠 摇篮㊀小青蛙 歌台㊀小鱼儿 凉伞第3题㊀苹果大大的,红红的.14㊀要下雨了第1题㊀故事里有小白兔㊁小燕子㊁小鱼㊁蚂蚁四种动物.第2题㊀下雨前,燕子在低空中捉虫子,小鱼游到水面上透气,蚂蚁在搬东西.第七单元16㊀一分钟第2题㊀能及时通过路口了㊀能赶上公共汽车了第3题㊀我一分钟能走(60)步.㊀我一分钟能写(35)个字.㊀我一分钟还能做15道口算题,能跳绳100下,能背5个英语单词,能朗诵一首小诗.17㊀动物王国开大会第2题㊀时间:4月22日上午8点地点:教学楼门前参加人:各班参加运动会入场式的同学事情:集合通知人:少先队大队部通知时间:4月20日18㊀小猴子下山第2题㊀第一幅图:小猴子看到玉米地里的玉米结得又大又多,非常高兴,就掰了一个扛着往前走.第二幅图:小猴子看到桃树上的桃子又大又红,非常高兴,就扔了玉米,去摘桃子.第三幅图:小猴子看到西瓜地里的西瓜又大又圆,非常高兴,就扔了桃子,去摘西瓜.第四幅图:小猴子看到一只可爱的小兔子蹦蹦跳跳的,真可爱,就扔了西瓜,去追小兔子.第五幅图:小猴子没追到小兔子,只好空着手回家去.小猴子只好空着手回家去是因为他做事三心二意,看到桃子就扔了玉米,看到西瓜就扔了桃子,看到小兔子就扔了西瓜,最后也没追到小兔子,结果空手而归.第3题㊀掰玉米㊀扛玉米㊀扔玉米㊀摘桃子㊀捧桃子㊀抱西瓜掰:他把巧克力掰开,分了一半给我.扛:那个年轻人肩上扛着个箱子.扔:我把垃圾扔进了垃圾箱.摘:我们把树上的苹果都摘下来了.捧:老师捧着同学们的作业本走进教室.抱:妹妹抱着玩具小熊睡着了.第八单元19㊀棉花姑娘第2题㊀第3题㊀碧绿碧绿的荷叶/草地/池水雪白雪白的羽毛/云朵/墙壁20㊀咕㊀咚第2题㊀动物们遇到事情不动脑筋,听到兔子说 咕咚 可怕,不问清原因就跟着兔子一起跑.野牛拦住动物们,问 咕咚 在哪里,大家一起回到湖边,才明白 咕咚 是木瓜掉进湖里发出的声音.21㊀小壁虎借尾巴第2题㊀小壁虎找小鱼㊁老牛㊁燕子借过尾巴,但是他们都没有把尾巴借给他,最后小壁虎自己长出了一条新尾巴.。
新教材 人教A版高中数学选择性必修第一册全册各章节课后练习题 含解析
选择性必修第一册全册课后练习题本文档还有大量公式,在网页中显示可能会出现位置错误的情况,下载后均可正常显示,请放心下载练习!第一章空间向量与立体几何................................................................................................ - 2 -1.1.1空间向量及其线性运算......................................................................................... - 2 -1.1.2空间向量的数量积运算......................................................................................... - 8 -1.2空间向量基本定理.................................................................................................. - 15 -1.3.1空间直角坐标系 .................................................................................................. - 22 -1.3.2空间运算的坐标表示........................................................................................... - 28 -1.4.1.1空间向量与平行关系 ....................................................................................... - 34 -1.4.1.2空间向量与垂直关系 ....................................................................................... - 42 -1.4.2用空量研究距离、夹角问题............................................................................... - 51 -章末测验 ....................................................................................................................... - 64 - 第二章直线和圆的方程...................................................................................................... - 78 -2.1.1倾斜角与斜率 ...................................................................................................... - 78 -2.1.2两条直线平行和垂直的判定............................................................................... - 83 -2.2.1直线的点斜式方程............................................................................................... - 87 -2.2.2直线的两点式方程............................................................................................... - 92 -2.2.3直线的一般式方程............................................................................................... - 97 -2.3.1两条直线的交点坐标......................................................................................... - 102 -2.3.2两点间的距离公式............................................................................................. - 102 -2.3.3点到直线的距离公式......................................................................................... - 107 -2.3.4两条平行直线间的距离..................................................................................... - 107 -2.4.1圆的标准方程 .................................................................................................... - 113 -2.4.2圆的一般方程 .................................................................................................... - 118 -2.5.1直线与圆的位置关系......................................................................................... - 122 -2.5.2圆与圆的位置关系............................................................................................. - 128 -章末测验 ..................................................................................................................... - 135 - 第三章圆锥曲线的方程.................................................................................................... - 144 -3.1.1椭圆及其标准方程............................................................................................. - 144 -3.1.2.1椭圆的简单几何性质 ..................................................................................... - 150 -3.1.2.2椭圆的标准方程及性质的应用...................................................................... - 156 -3.2.1双曲线及其标准方程......................................................................................... - 164 -3.2.2双曲线的简单几何性质..................................................................................... - 171 -3.3.1抛物线及其标准方程......................................................................................... - 178 -3.3.2抛物线的简单几何性质..................................................................................... - 184 -章末测验 ..................................................................................................................... - 191 - 模块综合测验 ..................................................................................................................... - 202 -第一章 空间向量与立体几何1.1.1空间向量及其线性运算一、选择题1.空间任意四个点A ,B ,C ,D ,则DA →+CD →-CB →等于( ) A .DB → B .AC → C .AB → D .BA → D [DA →+CD →-CB →=DA →+BD →=BA →.]2.设有四边形ABCD ,O 为空间任意一点,且AO →+OB →=DO →+OC →,则四边形ABCD 是( )A .平行四边形B .空间四边形C .等腰梯形D .矩形A [∵AO →+OB →=DO →+OC →,∴AB →=DC →. ∴AB →∥DC →且|AB →|=|DC →|. ∴四边形ABCD 为平行四边形.]3.已知A ,B ,C 三点不共线,对平面ABC 外的任一点O ,下列条件中能确定点M 与点A ,B ,C 一定共面的是( )A .OM →=OA →+OB →+OC → B .OM →=2OA →-OB →-OC → C .OM →=OA →+12OB →+13OC →D .OM →=13OA →+13OB →+13OC → D [由OM →=13OA →+13OB →+13OC →,可得3OM →=OA →+OB →+OC →⇒OM →-OA →+OM →-OB →+OM →-OC →=0, 即AM →=-BM →-CM →.所以AM →与BM →,CM →在一个平面上,即点M 与点A ,B ,C 一定共面.] 4.若空间中任意四点O ,A ,B ,P 满足OP →=mOA →+nOB →,其中m +n =1,则( )A .P ∈AB B .P ∉ABC .点P 可能在直线AB 上D .以上都不对A [因为m +n =1,所以m =1-n , 所以OP →=(1-n )OA →+nOB →, 即OP →-OA →=n (OB →-OA →), 即AP →=nAB →,所以AP →与AB →共线. 又AP →,AB →有公共起点A ,所以P ,A ,B 三点在同一直线上, 即P ∈AB .]5.已知在长方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,点E 是A 1C 1的中点, 点F 是AE 的三等分点,且AF =12EF ,则AF →=( )A .AA 1→+12AB →+12AD → B .12AA 1→+12AB →+12AD →C .12AA 1→+16AB →+16AD → D .13AA 1→+16AB →+16AD →D [如图所示,AF →=13AE →,AE →=AA 1→+A 1E →,A 1E →=12A 1C 1→,A 1C 1→=A 1B 1→+A 1D 1→,A 1B 1→=AB →,A 1D 1→=AD →,所以AF →=13⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫AA 1→+12A 1C 1→=13AA 1→+16AB →+16AD →,故选D.]二、填空题6.已知A ,B ,C 三点不共线,O 为平面ABC 外一点,若由OM →=-2OA →+OB →+λOC →确定的点M 与A ,B ,C 共面,则λ=________.2 [由M 、A 、B 、C 四点共面知:-2+1+λ=1,即λ=2.]7.在平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,M 为AC 与BD 的交点,若A 1B 1→=a ,A 1D 1→=b ,A 1A →=c ,用a ,b ,c 表示D 1M →,则D 1M →=________.12a -12b +c [D 1M →=D 1D →+DM → =A 1A →+12(DA →+DC →) =c +12(-A 1D 1→+A 1B 1→) =12a -12b +c .]8.在空间四边形ABCD 中,E ,F 分别是AB ,CD 的中点,则EF →和AD →+BC →的关系是________.(填“平行”,“相等”或“相反”)平行 [设G 是AC 的中点,则EF →=EG →+GF →=12BC →+12AD →=12(AD →+BC →) 所以2EF →=AD →+BC →, 从而EF →∥(AD →+BC →).] 三、解答题9.如图,在空间四边形ABCD 中,G 为△BCD 的重心,E ,F 分别为边CD 和AD 的中点,试化简AG →+13BE →-12AC →,并在图中标出化简结果的向量.[解] ∵G 是△BCD 的重心,BE 是CD 边上的中线,∴GE →=13BE →.又12AC →=12(DC →-DA →)=12DC →-12DA →=DE →-DF →=FE →, ∴AG →+13BE →-12AC →=AG →+GE →-FE →=AF →(如图所示).10.在长方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,M 为DD 1的中点,点N 在AC 上,且AN ∶NC =2∶1,求证:A 1N →与A 1B →,A 1M →共面.[证明] ∵A 1B →=AB →-AA 1→, A 1M →=A 1D 1→+D 1M →=AD →-12AA 1→, AN →=23AC →=23(AB →+AD →), ∴A 1N →=AN →-AA 1→ =23(AB →+AD →)-AA 1→=23(AB →-AA 1→)+23(AD →-12AA 1→) =23A 1B →+23A 1M →, ∴A 1N →与A 1B →,A 1M →共面.11.(多选题)若A ,B ,C ,D 为空间不同的四点,则下列各式为零向量的是( ) A .AB →+2BC →+2CD →+DC → B .2AB →+2BC →+3CD →+3DA →+AC →C.AB →+CA →+BD →D.AB →-CB →+CD →-AD →BD [A 中,AB →+2BC →+2CD →+DC →=AB →+2BD →+DC →=AB →+BD →+BD →+DC →=AD →+BC →;B 中,2AB →+2BC →+3CD →+3DA →+AC →=2AC →+3CA →+AC →=0;C 中,AB →+CA →+BD →=AD →+CA →;D 中,AB →-CB →+CD →-AD →=AB →+BC →+CD →+DA →表示A →B →C →D →A 恰好形成一个回路,结果必为0.]12.(多选题)有下列命题,其中真命题的有( ) A .若AB →∥CD →,则A ,B ,C ,D 四点共线 B .若AB →∥AC →,则A ,B ,C 三点共线C .若e 1,e 2为不共线的非零向量,a =4e 1-25e 2,b =-e 1+110e 2,则a ∥b D .若向量e 1,e 2,e 3是三个不共面的向量,且满足等式k 1e 1+k 2e 2+k 3e 3=0,则k 1=k 2=k 3=0BCD [根据共线向量的定义,若AB →∥CD →,则AB ∥CD 或A ,B ,C ,D 四点共线,故A 错;因为AB →∥AC →且AB →,AC →有公共点A ,所以B 正确;由于a =4e 1-25e 2=-4-e 1+110e 2=-4b ,所以a ∥b ,故C 正确;易知D 也正确.]13.(一题两空)已知A ,B ,C 三点共线,则对空间任一点O ,若OA →=2OB →+μOC →,则μ=________;存在三个不为0的实数λ,m ,n ,使λOA →+mOB →+nOC →=0,那么λ+m +n 的值为________.-1 0 [由A 、B 、C 三点共线,∴2+μ=1,∴μ=-1,又由λOA →+mOB →+nOC →=0得OA →=-m λOB →-n λOC →由A ,B ,C 三点共线知-m λ-nλ=1,则λ+m +n =0.]14.设e 1,e 2是平面上不共线的向量,已知AB →=2e 1+k e 2,CB →=e 1+3e 2,CD →=2e 1-e 2,若A ,B ,D 三点共线,则实数k 为________.-8 [因为BD →=CD →-CB →=e 1-4e 2,AB →=2e 1+k e 2,又A ,B ,D 三点共线,由共线向量定理得12=-4k ,所以k =-8.]15.如图所示,已知四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,点P 是ABCD 所在平面外的一点,连接P A ,PB ,PC ,PD .设点E ,F ,G ,H 分别为△P AB ,△PBC ,△PCD ,△PDA 的重心.(1)试用向量方法证明E ,F ,G ,H 四点共面;(2)试判断平面EFGH 与平面ABCD 的位置关系,并用向量方法证明你的判断. [证明] (1)分别连接PE ,PF ,PG ,PH 并延长,交对边于点M ,N ,Q ,R ,连接MN ,NQ ,QR ,RM ,∵E ,F ,G ,H 分别是所在三角形的重心,∴M ,N ,Q ,R 是所在边的中点,且PE →=23PM →,PF →=23PN →,PG →=23PQ →,PH →=23PR →.由题意知四边形MNQR 是平行四边形,∴MQ →=MN →+MR →=(PN →-PM →)+(PR →-PM →)=32(PF →-PE →)+32(PH →-PE →)=32(EF →+EH →).又MQ →=PQ →-PM →=32PG →-32PE →=32EG →.∴EG →=EF →+EH →,由共面向量定理知,E ,F ,G ,H 四点共面.(2)平行.证明如下:由(1)得MQ →=32EG →,∴MQ →∥EG →, ∴EG →∥平面ABCD .又MN →=PN →-PM →=32PF →-32PE → =32EF →,∴MN →∥EF →. 即EF ∥平面ABCD . 又∵EG ∩EF =E ,∴平面EFGH 与平面ABCD 平行1.1.2空间向量的数量积运算一、选择题1.已知a ⊥b ,|a |=2,|b |=3,且(3a +2b )⊥(λa -b ),则λ等于( ) A .32 B .-32 C .±32 D .1A [∵a ⊥b ,∴a ·b =0,∵3a +2b ⊥λa -b ,∴(3a +2b )·(λa -b )=0, 即3λa 2+(2λ-3)a ·b -2b 2=0,∴12λ-18=0,解得λ=32.]2.已知空间四边形ABCD 的每条边和对角线的长都等于a ,点E ,F 分别是BC ,AD 的中点,则AE →·AF →的值为( )A .a 2B .12a 2C .14a 2D .34a 2C [AE →·AF →=12(AB →+AC →)·12AD →=14(AB →·AD →+AC →·AD →)=14⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫a ×a ×12+a ×a ×12=14a 2.]3.已知长方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1,则下列向量的数量积一定不为0的是( ) A .AD 1→·B 1C →B .BD 1→·AC →C .AB →·AD 1→ D .BD 1→·BC →D [对于选项A ,当四边形ADD 1A 1为正方形时,可得AD 1⊥A 1D ,而A 1D ∥B 1C ,可得AD 1⊥B 1C ,此时有AD 1→·B 1C →=0;对于选项B ,当四边形ABCD 为正方形时,AC ⊥BD ,易得AC ⊥平面BB 1D 1D ,故有AC ⊥BD 1,此时有BD 1→·AC →=0;对于选项C ,由长方体的性质,可得AB ⊥平面ADD 1A 1,可得AB ⊥AD 1,此时必有AB →·AD 1→=0;对于选项D ,由长方体的性质,可得BC ⊥平面CDD 1C 1,可得BC ⊥CD 1,△BCD 1为直角三角形,∠BCD 1为直角,故BC 与BD 1不可能垂直,即BD 1→·BC →≠0.故选D.]4.在棱长为a 的正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,向量BA 1→与向量AC →所成的角为( )A .60°B .150°C .90°D .120°D [BA 1→=BA →+AA 1→,|BA 1→|=2a ,AC →=A B →+AD →,|AC →|=2a .∴BA 1→·AC →=BA →·AB →+BA →·AD →+AA 1→·AB →+AA 1→·AD →=-a 2. ∴cos 〈BA 1→,AC →〉=-a 22a ·2a =-12.∴〈BA 1→,AC →〉=120°.]5.如图所示,在平行六面体ABCD -A ′B ′C ′D ′中,AB =1,AD =2,AA ′=3,∠BAD =90°,∠BAA ′=∠DAA ′=60°,则AC ′的长为( )A .13B .23C .33D .43B [∵AC ′→=AB →+BC →+CC ′→,∴AC ′→2=(AB →+BC →+CC ′→)2=AB →2+BC →2+CC ′→2+2(AB →·BC →+AB →·CC ′→+BC →·CC ′→) =12+22+32+2(0+1×3cos 60°+2×3cos 60°) =14+2×92=23,∴|AC ′→|=23,即AC ′的长为23.] 二、填空题6.已知a ,b 是空间两个向量,若|a |=2,|b |=2,|a -b |=7,则cos 〈a ,b 〉=________.18[将|a -b |=7两边平方,得(a -b )2=7. 因为|a |=2,|b |=2,所以a ·b =12.又a ·b =|a ||b |cos 〈a ,b 〉,故cos 〈a ,b 〉=18.]7.已知a ,b 是异面直线,A ,B ∈a ,C ,D ∈b ,AC ⊥b ,BD ⊥b ,且AB =2,CD =1,则a ,b 所成的角是________.60° [AB →=AC →+CD →+DB →,∴CD →·AB →=CD →·(AC →+CD →+DB →)=|CD →|2=1, ∴cos 〈CD →,AB →〉=CD →·AB →|CD →||AB →|=12,∴异面直线a ,b 所成角是60°.]8.已知|a |=2,|b |=1,〈a ,b 〉=60°,则使向量a +λb 与λa -2b 的夹角为钝角的实数λ的取值范围是________.(-1-3,-1+3) [由题意知 ⎩⎨⎧(a +λb )·(λa -2b )<0,cos 〈a +λb ,λa -2b 〉≠-1. 即⎩⎨⎧(a +λb )·(λa -2b )<0,(a +λb )·(λa -2b )≠-|a +λb ||λa -2b |,得λ2+2λ-2<0.∴-1-3<λ<-1+ 3.] 三、解答题9.如图,在四棱锥P -ABCD 中,底面ABCD 是边长为1的正方形,侧棱P A 的长为2,且P A 与AB 、AD 的夹角都等于60°,M 是PC 的中点,设AB →=a ,AD →=b ,AP →=c .(1)试用a ,b ,c 表示出向量BM →; (2)求BM 的长.[解] (1)∵M 是PC 的中点,∴BM →=12(BC →+BP →)=12[AD →+(AP →-AB →)] =12[b +(c -a )]=-12a +12b +12c .(2)由于AB =AD =1,P A =2,∴|a |=|b |=1,|c |=2,由于AB ⊥AD ,∠P AB =∠P AD =60°,∴a·b =0,a·c =b·c =2·1·cos 60°=1, 由于BM →=12(-a +b +c ),|BM →|2=14(-a +b +c )2=14[a 2+b 2+c 2+2(-a·b -a·c +b·c )]=14[12+12+22+2(0-1+1)]=32.∴|BM →|=62,∴BM 的长为62.10.如图,已知直三棱柱ABC -A ′B ′C ′中,AC =BC =AA ′,∠ACB =90°,D ,E 分别为AB ,BB ′的中点.(1)求证:CE ⊥A ′D ;(2)求异面直线CE 与AC ′所成角的余弦值. [解] (1)证明:设CA →=a ,CB →=b ,CC ′→=c , 根据题意得|a |=|b |=|c |,且a·b =b·c =c·a =0. ∴CE →=b +12c ,A ′D →=-c +12b -12a .∴CE →·A ′D →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫b +12c ·⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-c +12b -12a =-12c 2+12b 2=0, ∴CE →⊥A ′D →,即CE ⊥A ′D .(2)∵AC ′→=-a +c ,∴|AC ′→|=2|a |,|CE →|=52|a |, ∵AC ′→·CE →=(-a +c )·⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫b +12c =12c 2=12|a |2, ∴cos 〈AC ′→,CE →〉=12|a |22×52|a |2=1010.∴异面直线CE 与AC ′所成角的余弦值为1010.11.(多选题)在正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,下列命题正确的有( ) A .(AA 1→+AD →+AB →)2=3AB →2 B .A 1C →·(A 1B 1→-A 1A →)=0 C .AD 1→与A 1B →的夹角为60° D .正方体的体积为|AB →·AA 1→·AD →|AB [如图,(AA 1→+AD →+AB →)2=(AA 1→+A 1D 1→+D 1C 1→)2=AC 1→2=3AB →2;A 1C →·(A 1B 1→-A 1A →)=A 1C →·AB 1→=0;AD 1→与A 1B →的夹角是D 1C →与D 1A →夹角的补角,而D 1C →与D 1A →的夹角为60°,故AD 1→与A 1B →的夹角为120°;正方体的体积为|AB →||AA 1→||AD →|.故选AB.]12.已知正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1的棱长为1,若E 是底面正方形A 1B 1C 1D 1的中心, 则AC 1→与CE →( )A .重合B .平行但不重合C .垂直D .无法确定C [AC 1→=AB →+AD →+AA 1→,CE →=CC 1→+C 1E →=AA 1→-12(AB →+AD →),于是AC 1→·CE →=(AB →+AD →+AA 1→)·⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤AA 1-12(AB →+AD →)=AB →·AA 1→-12AB →2-12AB →·AD →+AD →·AA 1→-12AD →·AB →-12AD →2+AA 1→2-12AA 1→·AB →-12AA 1→·AD →=0-12-0+0-0-12+1-0-0=0,故AC 1→⊥CE →.]13.(一题两空)如图,在长方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,设AD =AA 1=1,AB =2,P 是C 1D 1的中点,则B 1C →·A 1P →=________,B 1C →与A 1P →所成角的大小为________.1 60° [法一:连接A 1D ,则∠P A 1D 就是B 1C →与A 1P →所成角.连接PD ,在△P A 1D 中,易得P A 1=DA 1=PD =2,即△P A 1D 为等边三角形,从而∠P A 1D =60°,即B 1C →与A 1P →所成角的大小为60°.因此B 1C →·A 1P →=2×2×cos 60°=1.法二:根据向量的线性运算可得B 1C →·A 1P →=(A 1A →+AD →)·⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫AD →+12AB →=AD →2=1. 由题意可得P A 1=B 1C =2,则2×2×cos 〈B 1C →,A 1P →〉=1,从而〈B 1C →,A 1P →〉=60°.]14.已知在正四面体D -ABC 中,所有棱长都为1,△ABC 的重心为G ,则DG 的长为________.63 [如图,连接AG 并延长交BC 于点M ,连接DM ,∵G 是△ABC 的重心,∴AG =23AM ,∴AG →=23AM →,DG →=DA →+AG →=DA →+23AM →=DA →+23(DM →-DA →)=DA →+23⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤12(DB →+DC →)-DA →=13(DA →+DB →+DC →),而(DA →+DB →+DC →)2=DA →2+DB →2+DC →2+2DA →·DB →+2DB →·DC →+2DC →·DA →=1+1+1+2(cos 60°+cos 60°+cos 60°)=6,∴|DG →|=63.]15.如图,正四面体V -ABC 的高VD 的中点为O ,VC 的中点为M .(1)求证:AO ,BO ,CO 两两垂直;(2)求〈DM →,AO →〉.[解] (1)证明:设VA →=a ,VB →=b ,VC →=c ,正四面体的棱长为1, 则VD →=13(a +b +c ),AO →=16(b +c -5a ), BO →=16(a +c -5b ),CO →=16(a +b -5c ),所以AO →·BO →=136(b +c -5a )·(a +c -5b )=136(18a ·b -9|a |2)=136(18×1×1×cos 60°-9)=0,所以AO →⊥BO →,即AO ⊥BO .同理,AO ⊥CO ,BO ⊥CO . 所以AO ,BO ,CO 两两垂直.(2)DM →=DV →+VM →=-13(a +b +c )+12c =16(-2a -2b +c ),所以|DM →|=⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤16(-2a -2b +c )2=12. 又|AO →|=⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤16(b +c -5a )2=22,DM →·AO →=16(-2a -2b +c )·16(b +c -5a )=14, 所以cos 〈DM →,AO →〉=1412×22=22. 又〈DM →,AO →〉∈[0,π], 所以〈DM →,AO →〉=π4.1.2空间向量基本定理一、选择题1.若向量{a ,b ,c }是空间的一个基底,则一定可以与向量p =2a +b ,q =2a-b 构成空间的另一个基底的向量是( )A .aB .bC .cD .a +bC [由p =2a +b ,q =2a -b 得a =14p +14q ,所以a 、p 、q 共面,故a 、p 、q 不能构成空间的一个基底,排除A ;因为b =12p -12q ,所以b 、p 、q 共面,故b 、p 、q 不能构成空间的一个基底,排除B ;因为a +b =34p -14q ,所以a +b 、p 、q 共面,故a +b 、p 、q 不能构成空间的一个基底,排除D.]2.在平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,M 是上底面对角线AC 与BD 的交点,若A 1B 1→=a ,A 1D 1→=b ,A 1A →=c ,则B 1M →可表示为( )A .12a +12b +cB .12a -12b +cC .-12a -12b +cD .-12a +12b +cD [由于B 1M →=B 1B →+BM →=B 1B →+12(BA →+BC →) =-12a +12b +c ,故选D.]3.若向量MA →,MB →,MC →的起点M 与终点A ,B ,C 互不重合,且点M ,A ,B ,C 中无三点共线,满足下列关系(O 是空间任一点),则能使向量MA →,MB →,MC →成为空间一个基底的关系是( )A .OM →=13OA →+13OB →+13OC → B .MA →≠MB →+MC → C .OM →=OA →+OB →+OC →D .MA →=2MB →-MC →C [若MA →,MB →,MC →为空间一组基向量,则M ,A ,B ,C 四点不共面.选项A 中,因为13+13+13=1,所以点M ,A ,B ,C 共面;选项B 中,MA →≠MB →+MC →,但可能存在实数λ,μ使得MA →=λMB →+μMC →,所以点M ,A ,B ,C 可能共面;选项D 中,四点M ,A ,B ,C 显然共面.故选C.]4.空间四边形OABC 中,OA →=a ,OB →=b ,OC →=c ,点M 在OA 上,且OM →=2MA →,N 为BC 中点,则MN →为( )A .12a -23b +12cB .-23a +12b +12cC .12a +12b -23cD .23a +23b -12cB [MN →=MA →+AB →+BN →=13OA →+OB →-OA →+12(OC →-OB →)=-23OA →+12OB →+12OC →=-23a +12b +12c .]5.平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,向量AB →,AD →,AA 1→两两的夹角均为60°且|AB →|=1,|AD →|=2,|AA 1→|=3,则|AC 1→|等于( )A .5B .6C .4D .8A [在平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中有,AC 1→=AB →+AD →+CC 1→=AB →+AD →+AA 1→所以有|AC 1→|=|AB →+AD →+AA 1→|,于是有|AC 1→|2=|AB →+AD →+AA 1→|2=|AB →|2+|AD →|2+|AA 1→|2+2|AB →|·|AD →|·cos 60°+2|AB →|·|AA 1→|·cos 60°+2|AD →||AA 1→|·cos 60°=25,所以|AC 1→|=5.]二、填空题6.在四面体OABC 中,OA →=a ,OB →=b ,OC →=c ,D 为BC 的中点,E 为AD 的中点,则OE →=________.(用a ,b ,c 表示)12a +14b +14c [因为在四面体OABC 中,OA →=a ,OB →=b ,OC →=c ,D 为BC 的中点,E 为AD 的中点,所以OE →=12(OA →+OD →)=12OA →+12OD →=12a +12×12(OB →+OC →)=12a +14(b +c )=12a +14b +14c .]7.已知{a ,b ,c }是空间的一个单位正交基底,{a +b ,a -b ,c }是空间的另一个基底,若向量m 在基底{a ,b ,c }下表示为m =3a +5b +9c ,则m 在基底{a +b ,a -b,3c }下可表示为________.4(a +b )-(a -b )+3(3c ) [由题意知,m =3a +5b +9c ,设m =x (a +b )+y (a -b )+z (3c )则有⎩⎨⎧ x +y =3x -y =53z =9,解得⎩⎨⎧x =4y =-1z =3.则m 在基底{a +b ,a -b,3c }可表示为m =4(a +b )-(a -b )+3(3c ).] 8.在四棱锥P -ABCD 中,ABCD 为平行四边形,AC 与BD 交于O ,G 为BD 上一点,BG =2GD ,P A →=a ,PB →=b ,PC →=c ,试用基底{a ,b ,c }表示向量PG →=________.23a -13b +23c [因为BG =2GD ,所以BG →=23BD →. 又BD →=BA →+BC →=P A →-PB →+PC →-PB →=a +c -2b , 所以PG →=PB →+BG →=b +23(a +c -2b ) =23a -13b +23c .] 三、解答题9.如图所示,正方体OABC -O ′A ′B ′C ′,且OA →=a ,OC →=b ,OO ′→=c .(1)用a ,b ,c 表示向量OB ′→,AC ′→;(2)设G ,H 分别是侧面BB ′C ′C 和O ′A ′B ′C ′的中心,用a ,b ,c 表示GH →.[解] (1)OB ′→=OB →+BB ′→=OA →+OC →+OO ′→=a +b +c . AC ′→=AC →+CC ′→=AB →+AO →+AA ′→=OC →+OO ′→-OA →=b +c -a . (2)法一:连接OG ,OH (图略), 则GH →=GO →+OH →=-OG →+OH → =-12(OB ′→+OC →)+12(OB ′→+OO ′→) =-12(a +b +c +b )+12(a +b +c +c ) =12(c -b ).法二:连接O ′C (图略),则GH →=12CO ′→=12(OO ′→-OC →) =12(c -b ).10.如图,在平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,MA →=-13AC →,ND →=13A 1D →,设AB →=a ,AD →=b ,AA 1→=c ,试用a ,b ,c 表示MN →.[解] 连接AN ,则MN →=MA →+AN →.由已知可得四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,从而可得 AC →=AB →+AD →=a +b , MA →=-13AC →=-13(a +b ), 又A 1D →=AD →-AA 1→=b -c ,故AN →=AD →+DN →=AD →-ND →=AD →-13A 1D →=b -13(b -c ), 所以MN →=MA →+AN → =-13(a +b )+b -13(b -c ) =13(-a +b +c ).11.(多选题)已知a ,b ,c 是不共面的三个向量,则下列向量组中,不能构成一个基底的一组向量是( )A .2a ,a -b ,a +2bB .2b ,b -a ,b +2aC .a,2b ,b -cD .c ,a +c ,a -cABD [对于A ,因为2a =43(a -b )+23(a +2b ),得2a 、a -b 、a +2b 三个向量共面,故它们不能构成一个基底;对于B ,因为2b =43(b -a )+23(b +2a ),得2b 、b -a 、b +2a 三个向量共面,故它们不能构成一个基底;对于C ,因为找不到实数λ、μ,使a =λ·2b +μ(b -c )成立,故a 、2b 、b -c 三个向量不共面,它们能构成一个基底;对于D ,因为c =12(a +c )-12(a -c ),得c 、a +c 、a -c 三个向量共面,故它们不能构成一个基底,故选ABD.]12.(多选题)给出下列命题,正确命题的有( )A .若{a ,b ,c }可以作为空间的一个基底,d 与c 共线,d ≠0,则{a ,b ,d }也可以作为空间的一个基底B .已知向量a ∥b ,则a ,b 与任何向量都不能构成空间的一个基底C .A ,B ,M ,N 是空间四点,若BA →,BM →,BN →不能构成空间的一个基底,则A ,B ,M ,N 四点共面D .已知{a ,b ,c }是空间的一个基底,若m =a +c ,则{a ,b ,m }也是空间的一个基底ABCD [根据基底的概念,知空间中任何三个不共面的向量都可作为空间的一个基底.显然B 正确.C 中由BA →,BM →,BN →不能构成空间的一个基底,知BA →,BM →,BN →共面.又BA →,BM →,BN →过相同点B ,知A ,B ,M ,N 四点共面.所以C 正确.下面证明AD 正确:A 假设d 与a ,b 共面,则存在实数λ,μ,使得d =λa +μb ,∵d 与c 共线,c ≠0,∴存在实数k ,使得d =k c .∵d ≠0,∴k ≠0,从而c =λk a +μk b ,∴c 与a ,b 共面,与条件矛盾,∴d 与a ,b 不共面.同理可证D 也是正确的.于是ABCD 四个命题都正确,故选ABCD.]13.(一题两空)已知空间的一个基底{a ,b ,c },m =a -b +c ,n =x a +y b +c ,若m 与n 共线,则x =________,y =________.1 -1 [因为m 与n 共线, 所以存在实数λ,使m =λn ,即a -b +c =λx a +λy b +λc ,于是有⎩⎨⎧1=λx ,-1=λy ,1=λ,解得⎩⎨⎧x =1,y =-1.]14.(一题多空)已知e 1,e 2是空间单位向量,e 1·e 2=12.若空间向量b 满足b ·e 1=2,b ·e 2=52,且对于任意x ,y ∈R ,|b -(x e 1+y e 2)|≥|b -(x 0e 1+y 0e 2)|=1(x 0,y 0∈R ),则x 0=________,y 0=________,|b |=________.1 2 22 [由题意可令b =x 0e 1+y 0e 2+e 3,其中|e 3|=1,e 3⊥e i ,i =1,2.由b ·e 1=2得x 0+y 02=2,由b ·e 2=52得x 02+y 0=52,解得x 0=1,y 0=2,∴|b |=(e 1+2e 2+e 3)2=2 2.]15.在平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,设AB →=a ,AD →=b ,AA 1→=c ,E ,F 分别是AD 1,BD 的中点.(1)用向量a ,b ,c 表示D 1B →,EF →;(2)若D 1F →=x a +y b +z c ,求实数x ,y ,z 的值. [解] (1)如图,D 1B →=D 1D →+DB →=-AA 1→+AB →-AD →=a -b -c ,EF →=EA →+AF →=12D 1A →+12AC →=-12(AA 1→+AD →)+12(AB →+AD →)=12(a -c ). (2)D 1F →=12(D 1D →+D 1B →)=12(-AA 1→+AB →-AD 1→) =12(-AA 1→+AB →-AD →-DD 1→) =12(a -c -b -c )=12a -12b -c , ∴x =12,y =-12,z =-1.1.3.1空间直角坐标系一、选择题1.空间两点A ,B 的坐标分别为(x ,-y ,z ),(-x ,-y ,-z ),则A ,B 两点的位置关系是( )A .关于x 轴对称B .关于y 轴对称C .关于z 轴对称D .关于原点对称B [纵坐标相同,横坐标和竖坐标互为相反数,故两点关于y 轴对称.] 2.已知A (1,2,-1),B (5,6,7),则直线AB 与平面xOz 交点的坐标是( ) A .(0,1,1) B .(0,1,-3)C .(-1,0,3)D .(-1,0,-5)D [设直线AB 与平面xoz 交点坐标是M (x ,y ,z ),则AM →=(x -1,-2,z +1),AB →=(4,4,8),又AM →与AB →共线,∴AM →=λAB →,即⎩⎨⎧x -1=4λ,-2=4λ,z +1=8λ,解得x =-1,z =-5,∴点M (-1,0,-5).故选D.]3.设A (3,3,1),B (1,0,5),C (0,1,0),则AB 的中点M 到点C 的距离|CM |=( ) A .534 B .532 C .532D .132 C [M ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2,32,3 ,|CM |=4+⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫32-12+9=532.] 4.如图,在空间直角坐标系中,正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1的棱长为1,B 1E =14A 1B 1,则BE →等于( )A .⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,14,-1B .⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-14,0,1C .⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,-14,1D .⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫14,0,-1C [{DA →,DC →,DD 1→}为单位正交向量,BE →=BB 1→+B 1E →=-14DC →+DD 1→,∴BE →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,-14,1.] 5.设{i ,j ,k }是单位正交基底,已知向量p 在基底{a ,b ,c }下的坐标为(8,6,4),其中a =i +j ,b =j +k ,c =k +i ,则向量p 在基底{i ,j ,k }下的坐标是( )A .(12,14,10)B .(10,12,14)C .(14,12,10)D .(4,3,2)A [依题意,知p =8a +6b +4c =8(i +j )+6(j +k )+4(k +i )=12i +14j +10k ,故向量p 在基底{i ,j ,k }下的坐标是(12,14,10).]二、填空题6.在空间直角坐标系中,已知点P (1,2,3),过点P 作平面yOz 的垂线PQ ,则垂足Q 的坐标为________.(0,2,3) [过P 的垂线PQ ⊥面yOz ,则Q 点横坐标为0,其余不变,故Q (0,2,3).]7.设{e 1,e 2,e 3}是空间向量的一个单位正交基底,a =4e 1-8e 2+3e 3,b =-2e 1-3e 2+7e 3,则a ,b 的坐标分别为________.(4,-8,3),(-2,-3,7) [由题意可知a =(4,-8,3),b =(-2,-3,7).] 8.如图所示,以长方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1的顶点D 为坐标原点,过D 的三条棱所在的直线为坐标轴,建立空间直角坐标系,若DB 1→的坐标为(4,3,2),则AC 1→的坐标为________.(-4,3,2) [由DB 1→=DA →+DC →+DD 1→,且DB 1→=(4,3,2),∴|DA →|=4,|DC →|=3,|DD 1→|=2,又AC 1→=-DA →+DC →+DD 1→,∴AC 1→=(-4,3,2).]三、解答题9.已知三棱柱ABC -A 1B 1C 1中,侧棱AA 1⊥底面ABC ,所有的棱长都是1,建立适当的坐标系,并写出各点的坐标.[解] 如图所示,取AC 的中点O 和A 1C 1的中点O 1,可得BO ⊥AC ,OO 1⊥AC ,分别以OB ,OC ,OO 1所在直线为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴建立空间直角坐标系.∵三棱柱各棱长均为1,∴OA =OC =O 1C 1=O 1A 1=12,OB =32. ∵A ,B ,C 均在坐标轴上,∴A ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,-12,0,B ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫32,0,0,C ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,12,0.∵点A 1与C 1在yOz 平面内, ∴A 1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,-12,1,C 1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,12,1.∵点B 1在xOy 平面内的射影为B ,且BB 1=1,∴B 1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫32,0,1,即各点的坐标为A ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,-12,0,B ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫32,0,0,C ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,12,0,A 1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,-12,1,B 1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫32,0,1,C 1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,12,1. 10.棱长为1的正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,E ,F ,G 分别为棱DD 1,D 1C 1,BC 的中点,以{AB →,AD →,AA 1→}为正交基底,求下列向量的坐标:(1)AE →,AF →,AG →; (2)EF →,EG →,DG →.[解] 在正交基底{AB →,AD →,AA 1→}下,(1)AF →=12AB →+AD →+AA 1→, AE →=AD →+12AA 1→,AG →=AB →+12AD →,∴AE →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,1,12,AF →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,1,1,AG →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1,12,0.(2)EF →=AF →-AE →=12AB →+12AA 1→,∴EF →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,0,12;EG →=AG →-AE →=AB →-12AD →-12AA 1→,∴EG →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1,-12,-12;DG →=AG →-AD →=AB→-12AD →,∴DG →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1,-12,0.11.(多选题)下列各命题正确的是( ) A .点(1,-2,3)关于平面xOz 的对称点为(1,2,3) B .点⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,1,-3关于y 轴的对称点为⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-12,1,3C .点(2,-1,3)到平面yOz 的距离为1D .设{i ,j ,k }是空间向量的单位正交基底,若m =3i -2j +4k ,则m =(3,-2,4).ABD [“关于谁对称谁不变”,∴A 正确,B 正确,C 中(2,-1,3)到面yOz 的距离为2,∴C 错误.根据空间向量的坐标定义,D 正确.]12.在棱长为1的正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,P 为正方体内一动点(包括表面),若AP →=xAB →+yAD →+zAA 1→,且0≤x ≤y ≤z ≤1.则点P 所有可能的位置所构成的几何体的体积是( )A .1B .12C .13D .16D [根据向量加法的几何意义和空间向量基本定理,满足0≤x ≤y ≤1的点P 在三棱柱ACD -A 1C 1D 1内;满足0≤y ≤z ≤1的点P 在三棱柱AA 1D 1-BB 1C 1内,故同时满足0≤x ≤y ≤1,0≤y ≤z ≤1的点P 在这两个三棱柱的公共部分(如图),即三棱锥A -A 1C 1D 1,其体积是13×12×1×1×1=16.]13.三棱锥P -ABC 中,∠ABC 为直角,PB ⊥平面ABC ,AB =BC =PB =1,M为PC 的中点,N 为AC 的中点,以{BA →,BC →,BP →}为基底,则MN →的坐标为________.⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,0,-12 [MN →=BN →-BM → =12(BA →+BC →)-12(BP →+BC →) =12BA →-12BP →, 故MN →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,0,-12.] 14.已知O 是坐标原点,点A (2,0,-2),B (3,1,2),C (2,-1,7). (1)若点P 满足OP →=OA →+OB →+OC →,则点P 的坐标为________; (2)若点P 满足AP →=2AB →-AC →,则点P 的坐标为________.(1)(7,0,7) (2)(4,3,-3) [(1)中OP →=OA →+OB →+OC →=(2i -2k )+(3i +j +2k )+(2i -j +7k )=7i +0j +7k ,∴P (7,0,7).(2)中,AP →=2AB →-AC →得OP →-OA →=2OB →-2OA →-OC →+OA →,∴OP →=2OB →-OC →=2(3i +j +2k )-(2i -j +7k ) =4i +3j -3k ,∴P (4,3,-3).]15.如图,在正四棱锥P -ABCD 中,底面ABCD 是边长为1的正方形,O 是AC 与BD 的交点,PO =1,M 是PC 的中点.设AB →=a ,AD →=b ,AP →=c .(1)用向量a ,b ,c 表示BM →.(2)在如图的空间直角坐标系中,求BM →的坐标.[解] (1)∵BM →=BC →+CM →,BC →=AD →,CM →=12CP →,CP →=AP →-AC →,AC →=AB →+AD →,∴BM →=AD →+12(AP →-AC →)=AD →+12AP →-12(AB →+AD →)=-12AB →+12AD →+12AP →=-12a +12b +12c .(2)a =AB →=(1,0,0),b =AD →=(0,1,0).∵A (0,0,0),O ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,12,0,P ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,12,1,∴c =AP →=OP →-OA →=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,12,1,∴BM →=-12a +12b +12c =-12(1,0,0)+12(0,1,0)+12⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12,12,1=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-14,34,12.1.3.2空间运算的坐标表示一、选择题1.已知三点A (1,5,-2),B (2,4,1),C (a,3,b +2)在同一条直线上,那么( ) A .a =3,b =-3 B .a =6,b =-1 C .a =3,b =2D .a =-2,b =1C [根据题意AB →=(1,-1,3),AC →=(a -1,-2,b +4), ∵AB →与AC →共线,∴AC →=λAB →, ∴(a -1,-2,b +4)=(λ,-λ,3λ),∴⎩⎨⎧a -1=λ,-2=-λ,b +4=3λ,解得⎩⎨⎧a =3,b =2,λ=2.故选C.]2.已知a =(2,3,-4),b =(-4,-3,-2),b =12x -2a ,则x 等于( ) A .(0,3,-6) B .(0,6,-20) C .(0,6,-6)D .(6,6,-6)B [由题a =(2,3,-4),b =(-4,-3,-2),设x =(w ,y ,z )则由b =12x -2a ,可得(-4,-3,-2)=12(w ,y ,z )-2(2,3,-4)=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12w ,12y ,12z-(4,6,-8)=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12w -4,12y -6,12z +8,解得w =0,y =6,z =-20,即x =(0,6,-20).]3.已知向量a =(1,0,-1),则下列向量中与a 成60°夹角的是( ) A .(-1,1,0) B .(1,-1,0) C .(0,-1,1)D .(-1,0,1)B [不妨设向量为b =(x ,y ,z ),A .若b =(-1,1,0),则cos θ=a ·b |a |·|b |=-12×2=-12≠12,不满足条件. B .若b =(1,-1,0),则cos θ=a ·b |a |·|b |=12×2=12,满足条件. C .若b =(0,-1,1),则cos θ=a ·b |a |·|b |=-12×2=-12≠12,不满足条件. D .若b =(-1,0,1),则cos θ=a ·b |a |·|b |=-22×2=-1≠12,不满足条件.故选B.]4.已知向量a =(-2,x,2),b =(2,1,2),c =(4,-2,1),若a ⊥(b -c ),则x 的值为( )A .-2B .2C .3D .-3A [∵b -c =(-2,3,1),a ·(b -c )=4+3x +2=0,∴x =-2.]5.已知A 、B 、C 三点的坐标分别为A (4,1,3),B (2,-5,1),C (3,7,λ),若AB →⊥AC →,则λ等于( )A .28B .-28C .14D .-14D [AB →=(-2,-6,-2),AC →=(-1,6,λ-3),∵AB →⊥AC →,∴AB →·AC →=-2×(-1)-6×6-2(λ-3)=0,解得λ=-14.] 二、填空题6.已知a =(1,1,0),b =(0,1,1),c =(1,0,1),p =a -b ,q =a +2b -c ,则p ·q =________.-1 [∵p =a -b =(1,0,-1),q =a +2b -c =(0,3,1), ∴p ·q =1×0+0×3+(-1)×1=-1.]7.已知空间三点A (1,1,1),B (-1,0,4),C (2,-2,3),则AB →与CA →的夹角θ的大小是________.120° [AB →=(-2,-1,3),CA →=(-1,3,-2),cos 〈AB →,CA →〉=(-2)×(-1)+(-1)×3+3×(-2)14·14=-12,∴θ=〈AB →,CA →〉=120°.]8.如图,正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1的棱长为1,E 、F 分别是棱BC 、DD 1上的点,如果B 1E ⊥平面ABF ,则CE 与DF 的和的值为________.1 [以D 1A 1、D 1C 1、D 1D 分别为x ,y ,z 轴建立空间直角坐标系(图略),设CE =x ,DF =y ,则易知E (x,1,1),B 1(1,1,0),∴B 1E →=(x -1,0,1),又F (0,0,1-y ),B (1,1,1),∴FB →=(1,1,y ),由于AB ⊥B 1E ,若B 1E ⊥平面ABF ,只需FB →·B 1E →=(1,1,y )·(x -1,0,1)=0⇒x +y =1.] 三、解答题9.已知空间中三点A (-2,0,2),B (-1,1,2),C (-3,0,4),设a =AB →,b =AC →. (1)求向量a 与向量b 的夹角的余弦值;(2)若k a +b 与k a -2b 互相垂直,求实数k 的值.[解] (1)∵a =(1,1,0),b =(-1,0,2),∴a·b =(1,1,0)·(-1,0,2)=-1, 又|a |=12+12+02=2,|b |=(-1)2+02+22=5,∴cos 〈a ,b 〉=a ·b |a ||b |=-110=-1010,即向量a 与向量b 的夹角的余弦值为-1010.(2)法一:∵k a +b =(k -1,k,2),k a -2b =(k +2,k ,-4),且k a +b 与k a -2b 互相垂直,∴(k -1,k,2)·(k +2,k ,-4)=(k -1)(k +2)+k 2-8=0,∴k =2或k =-52, ∴当k a +b 与k a -2b 互相垂直时,实数k 的值为2或-52. 法二:由(1)知|a |=2,|b |=5,a·b =-1,∴(k a +b )·(k a -2b )=k 2a 2-k a ·b -2b 2=2k 2+k -10=0,得k =2或k =-52. 10.已知正三棱柱ABC -A 1B 1C 1,底面边长AB =2,AB 1⊥BC 1,点O ,O 1分别是边AC ,A 1C 1的中点,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系.(1)求正三棱柱的侧棱长;(2)求异面直线AB 1与BC 所成角的余弦值. [解] (1)设正三棱柱的侧棱长为h ,由题意得A (0,-1,0),B (3,0,0),C (0,1,0),B 1(3,0,h ),C 1(0,1,h ), 则AB 1→=(3,1,h ),BC 1→=(-3,1,h ), 因为AB 1⊥BC 1,所以AB 1→·BC 1→=-3+1+h 2=0, 所以h = 2.(2)由(1)可知AB 1→=(3,1,2),BC →=(-3,1,0), 所以AB 1→·BC →=-3+1=-2.因为|AB 1→|=6,|BC →|=2,所以cos 〈AB 1→,BC →〉=-226=-66.所以异面直线AB 1与BC 所成角的余弦值为66.11.(多选题)若向量a =(1,2,0),b =(-2,0,1),则下列结论正确的是( )。
课后习题答案.doc
,轮 2 与轮 1 的转向相反。
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自由度为零,为一刚性桁架,所以构件之间不能产生相
动。
( 2)图 b 中的 CD 杆是虚约束,去掉与否不影响机构的运动。故图
b 中机构的自由度为:
所以构件之间能产生相对运动。
谢谢聆听
1-13 解 该导杆机构的全部瞬心如图所示,构件
1 、3 的角速比为:
1-14 解 该正切机构的全部瞬心如图所示,构件
3 的速度为:
,
方
谢谢聆听
要求轮 1 与轮 2 的角速度之比,首先确定轮 1 、轮 2 和机架 4 三个构件的三个瞬心,即
,
和
,如图所示。则:
1-16 解 ( 1 )图 a 中的构件组合的自由度为:
1-1 至 1-4 解 机构运动简图如下图所示。
第 1 章 课后习题答案
谢谢聆听
图 1.11 题 1-1 解图
图 1.12 题 1-2 解图
1-5 解 1-6 解 1-7 解 1-8 解 1-9 解 1-10 解 1-11 解 1-12 解
图 1.13 题 1-3 解图
图 1.14 题 1-4 解图
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文本框
Name (T ext1)
Text("")
⑤
命令按钮1
Name(Command1)
Caption("确定(&0)")
⑥
命令按钮2
Name(Command2)
Caption("结束(&X)")
En abled(False)
过程设计如下:
Private Sub Comma nd1_Click()
4Left5.Top6属性、<对象名>.<属性名>=<表达式>
7网格8F orm1
9Load或Initialize或Resize或Activate(自动执行的先后顺序也按此排列)
10Activate、Deactivate
四、程序设计题
参考代码:
程序1界面设计参看表1。
表1各控件的主要属性设置
编号
控件
Form1.Cls: Print "欢迎使用VB"
End Sub
Private Sub Comma nd2_Click()'字体变小
Form1.Fo ntSize = Form1.Fo ntSize-3
Form1.Cls
Print "欢迎使用VB& Comma nd3_Click()'字体加粗
Forml.F on tBold = True
Forml.CIs: Print "欢迎使用VB"
End Sub
Private Sub Comma nd4_Click()'字体不加粗
Form1.Fo ntBold = False
Form1.Cls: Print "欢迎使用VB"
End Sub
运行时,不得连续、过多次单击“字体变小”按钮,因为当FontSize属性值小于0会产生
Text1.Top = 0: Text1.Left = 0
Text1.Width = Form1.ScaleWidth/2'用Form1.ScaleWidth效果优于用Form1. Width
Text1.Height = Form1.ScaleHeight/2'用Form1.ScaleHeight优于用Form1. Height
属性(属性值)
属性(属性值)
①
窗体
Name(Form1)
Caption("实验1-1")
②
标签控件1
Name(Label1)
Caption("我的第一个VB程序")
③
标签控件2
Name(Label2)
Caption("请输入你的姓名”)FontItalic (T rue) FontUnderLine(True)
1.B2.D
3.A
4.C
5.C
6.B
7.A
8.D
9. C10.A
三、填空题
参考答案
1.String
2.43.
"aaa"
4.145
5.6
6.3
7.18
8.False
9.(x Mod 10)
* 10+x\10
10
.10+Int( Rnd * 90 )
11.a * b Mod
c
12.Log(x)+Sin(3.141593/6)
Label2.Capti on = Str(s)
Label5.Capti on = Str(l)
End Sub
'删除文本框后
Private Sub Comma nd2_Click()
Dim s As Double, l As Double
Dim r As Double
Co nst pi = 3.1415926
Label2.Visible = False使控件Label2看不见
End Sub
Private Sub Comma nd2_Click()
End结束程序运行
过程设计如下:
Private Sub Comma nd1_Click()'字体变大
Form1.Fo ntSize = Form1.Fo ntSize+3
End Sub
程序2、
Private Sub Comma nd1_Click()
Dim s As Double, l As Double
Dim r As Double
Co nst pi = 3.1415926
r = Val(Text1.Text)
l = 2 * 3.1415926 * r
s = r * r * 3.1415926
13.
Const Pl=3.1415926
14
.日期15.
In t(x)+1
四、程序设计题
参考答案
程序1、
Private Sub Comma nd1_Click()
Dim x As Double, y#, s#
x = Val(InputBox("请输入x"))
y = Val(InputBox("请输入y"))
r = Val(InputBox("请输入半径:"))
l = 2 * 3.1415926 * r
s = r * r * 3.1415926
Label2.Capti on = Str(s)
Label5.Capti on = Str(l)
Comma nd1.Top = Form1.ScaleHeight-Comma nd1.Height
Comma ndh Left = Form1.ScaleWidth-Comma nd1.Width
End Sub
Private Sub Comma nd1_Click()
End
End Sub
、选择题
s = Sqr( (x人3+Exp(-6) * Log(y)) * (Sin(:x)* Cos(y))/(x * x+y * y) _+(2 * Sin(90 * 3.14156/180)+2 * x * Exp(y))/Sqr(Abs(x * y))) Print "当x="; x;"当y="; y;"时,计算结果:";s
《Visual Basic程序设计基础》教材
习题
第
习题
一、判断题
参考答案:
I.V2.V3.V4.X5.V6.X7.V8.X9.V10.V
II.X12.V13.X14.V15.V
二、选择题
参考答案:
1.C2.B3D4C5B6A7D8A9B10D
三、填空题
参考答案:
1对象、事件2属性、方法、事件3控件、屏幕(Screen)
适时错误。
程序3.
界面设计运行效果图
过程设计如下(窗体Height值的计量包括标题、边框,而ScaleHeight值仅与窗体有效绘图
区域的高度有关):
Private Sub Form_Load()
Text1.Text = "Visual Basic程序设计"
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Resize()