液压凿岩机的分析与设计

摘要

在国民经济建设中，矿石是不可或缺的基础原材料。作为重要的基础产业，矿山开采行业的发展程度成为一个国家社会发展水平和综合实力的重要衡量指标。我国经济正处于高速发展期，基础设施建设成为国内投资最主要的方式。因此，矿山作为最主要的原材料之一，必然也处于扩张阶段。矿山生产过程中，大部分原料要进行矿山开采，矿山开采是生产矿山砖，柱子用量最大的原料，开采后的面积较大，硬度较高，因此矿山开采设备在矿山开采加工厂家中占有比较重要的地位。在新的市场需求的驱动下，矿山开采设备的更新和优化升级更加迫切。国内矿山开采设备生产企业充分挖掘市场潜力，大力发展大型环保节能的矿山开采液压凿岩机械，在绿色环保化矿山开采的转变中挥积极作用。一般生产大型矿山开采液压凿岩机的企业对设备环保指数上都有严格的要求。各企业在生产设备时，都充分考虑到设备在运行中可能会出现的种题。

液压系统自世纪问世以来发展很快，在工作中的广泛适应性，使其在国民经济各部门获得了广泛的应用。由于液压缸在结构方面，功能方面，已经比较成熟，目前国内外液压缸的发展不仅体现在控制系统方面，也主要表现在高速化、高效化、低能耗；机电液一体化，以充分合理利用机械和电子的先进技术促进整个液压系统的完善；自动化、智能化，实现对系统的自动诊断和调整，具有故障预处理功能；液压元件集成化、标准化，以有效防止泄露和污染等四个方面。作为液压缸两大组成部分的控制元件和执行元件，由于技术发展趋于成熟，国无较大差距，主要差别在于加工工艺和安装方面。良好的工艺使液压缸在过滤、冷却及防止冲击和振动方面，有较明显改善。在油路结构设计方面，国内外液压缸都趋向于集成化、封闭式设计，插装阀、叠加阀和复合化元件及其本身在液压系统中得到较广泛的应用作为现代机械设备实现传动与控制的重要技术手段，液压技术在国民经济各领域得到了广泛的应用。与其他传动控制技术相比，液压技术具有能量密度高﹑配置灵活方便﹑调速范围大﹑工作平稳且快速性好﹑易于控制并过载保护﹑易于实现自动化和机电体化整合﹑系统设计制造和使用维护方便等多种显著的技术优势，因而使其成为现代机械工程的基本技术构成和现代控制工程的基本技术要素。智能液压凿岩机是加工各种矿山开采的主要设备，适用于各类矿山开采厂的矿山开采的加工，如下料、开孔、开槽、拉伸等。本文根据智能液压凿岩机的用途﹑特点和要求，利用液压传动的基本原理，拟定出合理的液压系统图，再经过必要的计算来确定液压系统的参数，然后按照这些参数来选用液压元件的规格和进行系统的结构设计。智能液压凿岩机的液压系统呈长方形布置，外形新颖美观，动力系统采用液压系统，结构简单、紧凑、动作灵敏可靠。该机并设有脚踏开关，可实现半自动工艺动作的循环。液压传动和气压传动称为流体传动，是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起体传动技术水平的高低已成为一个国家工业发展水平的重要标志。

由此可见，随着科学技术的迅速发展，液压技术将获得进一步发展，在各种机械设备上的应用将更加广泛。随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提要求也进一步提高，因此矿山开采设备的需求量也逐年增加，由于天然矿山开采的不规则性和矿山开采资源的有限性使用使得矿山开采的合理使用方法——矿山开采液压式凿岩机得到迅速的发展，并通过中控系统来控制整个矿山开采机械的动作，使矿山开采的加工得到自动化的水平。因此液压凿岩机的需求量也大量增加，国内外各种高性能的液压凿岩机种类很多，但是价格也极为昂贵。

关键词：矿石矿山开采设备液压技术液压凿岩机

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Pneumatic manipulator is a automated devices that can mimic the human hand and arm movements to do something，aslo can according to a fixed procedure to moving objects or control tools. It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic energy sectors.

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