深圳小学英语语法汇总

There be 句型

1.定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

2. 结构：

(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.

(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.

there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。

eg. ① There is a bird i n the tree. 树上有一只鸟。

② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。

③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。

3. There be句型与have的区别：

(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。eg.

①He has two sons.他有两个儿子。

②There are two men in the office.办公室里有两个男人。

(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。

变脸一：否定句

There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not 或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n.

相当于no+ n.。例如：

There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.

There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.

变脸二：一般疑问句

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为\"调整法\"。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any （否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何\"改头换面\"的吧：

There is some water on M ars. → Is there any water on Mars?

There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

变脸三：特殊疑问句

There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：

① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用\"Who\'s+介词短语?\"；当主语是物时，用\"What\'s + 介词短语?\"。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：There are many things over there. →What's over there?

There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

② 对地点状语提问：提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?\"啦！例如：

There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?

③ 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：

How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？

How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？

不定冠词（indefinite articles）a/an 的用法

不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念，如：

① A stitch in time save s nine.

② Jason is an internationally known scholar.

此外，a/an 还有下列6 种用途：

㈠常和time、measurement等有关的名词连用，以表示“每—” 的概念，如：

③ I teach five days a week.

④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.

⑤ My car usually runs sixty kilometres an ho ur.

㈡常和hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用，如：

⑥ That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.

⑦ Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.

⑧ I have a number of sponsored students.

⑨ Mary has a lot of money.

㈢在“of / at”后面出现，以表示“同一类”这概念，如：