高考英语阅读基础训练猜测词义[课件]

技 巧 点 拨
1定义法 2 对比法 3 因果法
4 联想法
5 构词法
一 定义法
通过定义,定语从句/词组,同位语/词组(that
is, or, i.e , such as , in other words , namely , put another way)来确定词义
1. It will be very hard but also very brittle －that is, it will break easily. A easily broken B soft inside C very hard D expensive
Further consolidation
提示： 这一阅读理解练习的特点是每一题都看 三个句子，每后一句总比前一句多一层 新意思，每一题都有一个相同划线部分 的词语。必须学会根据上下文提供的信 息，结合一定的常识才能推理判断出新 词语的准确意思。
Further consolidation
例题： Tom can’t find his sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes Tom can’t find his white sneakers． A.Money B. bowls C. shoes Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his white sneakers. A.Money B. bowls C. shoes
1.The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel A the top of the frame of a door or window B the bottom of the frame of a door or window C the top part of the roof or ceiling 2. After inventing dynamite, Nobel became a very rich man. A powerful explosive B light C engine D electricity
2.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. A without food,clothes,and other things necessary for life B believing to control events C deciding in advance
2）Tom saw an owl last night．
A
A．a bird B．an animal C．the sun Tom saw an owl in a tree last night． A．a bird B．an animal C．the sun Tom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near． A．a bird B．an animal C．the sun
3. The word “adolescence” means the period between children and adulthood. A 少儿期 B 幼儿期 C 青春期 D 成人期
二 对比法
在一个生词的前后有时会出现它的反 义词或常用来对比的词语，我们从而 可以推知该生词的意思。这时应该特 别注意表示转折或对比的连词 （although, but, while, etc.）、副词 （instead ,yet ,etc）或介词短语（on the other hand, on the contrary, etc.）
五 构词法
英语中某些生词的产生有一定的规律 可循，这种规律称之为构词法。英语 中常见的构词法有转换、派生、合成 三种。对构词法知识有一定的了解， 在阅读中，我们就可以运用相应的构 词法来猜测某些生词的含义。
比如，我们也许不知道unforeseeable的含 义，但我们可以根据构词法得知它是一个 派生词。于是把它拆成un,fore,see,able;其 中see是词根，fore是“先、前、预”的含 义，un是否定，able是“能…的”，因此 unforeseeable就是“未能预见到的”。 再如，我们也许从未见过“lipservice”这个 词。通过观察分析该词，我们知道它是一 个合成词，由“lip”和“service”两词构成， “lip”是“嘴唇”，“service”是“服务”， 于是，我们不难猜出“lipservice”是“口惠 而实不至，空话”的意思。
3.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A very large B crowed C noisy D good
四 联想法
利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社 会、科技等方面的知识猜词 1. She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds. A fragments B the whole C envelope D fires
PRACTICE l）Jane is usually prompt. A．late B．on time C．pleased Jane is usually prompt for her classes． A．late B. on time，C. pleased Jane is usually prompt for all her classes， but she arrived in the middle of her first class. A．late B．on time C．pleased． B
2.The herdsman ,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. A keeper of a group of animals ,esp. cattles B a butcher C a man who sell sheep D a person who looks after and kill animals
常见设问形式
1 The word “……” refers to/ probably means/ could best be replaced by _______ 2 The word “……” is most likely to mean____ 3 What do you think the expression “……” stands for? _____ 4 By saying “……” we mean_______ 5 “……” as used in the passage, can be best defined as _______.
三因果法
根据对上下文或整句的理解，运用其因果 关系，猜出该生词的意义. 1.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. A going on for a long time B that may be permitted C not very strong D in a bad condition
1) He found an unpretentious job as a wheeler of cement（ 水 泥 ） and loved loved being unnoticed. being unnoticed.
A. unshowy C. easy B. unlucky D. unhappy
1. l. Twelve－year－old Sally was an active girl，but her sister was quite sedate． A. pretty B. calm
C. protective
D. energetic
2. Most of us agreed, however ,Bill dissented. A have a different opinion B support C like it very much D doesn’t show his ideas
2) Albert's success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.
A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again
3) He felt very alone; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A. unfriendly B. uncomfortable C. unhealthy D. enormous 4) The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A.work B. study C. name D. interest

1.We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care or custody C prevent D to keep safe with a burglar-alarm 2.Don’t listen to his nonsense. A havig no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense
5) She sneered, "You are the worst type of parasite. You make me sick! You take our friendship and love, but you give nothing of yourself! A. person B. enemy C. friend D. one who lives on another
Read the paragraph quickly and guess the meaning of the underline word:
பைடு நூலகம்
When a contractor is ready to begin construction of a superhighway，he makes a preliminary study of the drawings and blueprints supplied by the engineers. He gains mental picture of the whole job before he begins actual construction． A.preparatory B. afterwards C. scientific D. necessary 答案A. preparatory。 preliminary和preparatory 的前缀都是pre，表示“预先”的意思，又根据 常识，凡是搞工程建设在着手建造时一定要作建 筑前期准备，包括研究审查工程师的设计图纸等。 且据词prepare,故A为唯一正确选项。
1) The boy wants to ride a brown pony. A．dog B．cat C．horse C