2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案2

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2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5 point each)16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide.A announcedB forgivenC condemnedD despised17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been proved.A aspirationB inspirationC creativityD breathing18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban’s military installations.A set aboutB set outC set apartD set aside19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy.A businessmanB commodityC substanceD talent.20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their parents.A encourageB surviveC arouseD fulfill21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.A helpfulB uselessC harmlessD inappropriate22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick solutions.A unexpectedB undesirableC comfortingD grave23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.A without any objectionsB in the endC in the darkD against heavy odds.24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field.A institutionsB standardC prestigeD application.25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues.A exhaustedB evaluatedC deployedD popularized.Section B (0.5 point, each)26. Harry Potter was originally _____for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be crazy about the book.A extendedB intendedC inclinedD directed27. This experienced author was able to ____the lifetime’s work of Jefferson into one volume.A suppressB compressC expressD depress28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can ____ hundreds of different smells.A nominateB dominateC eliminateD discriminate29. The Chinese share the ____that their life will become better and the country more prosperous.A convictionB speculationC elaborationD perspiration30. After weeks of _____, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question of sick benefits.A administrationB arbitrationC authorizationD alternation31. It took this disabled boy a long time to ___ the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college.A come up withB come down withC come up toD come to terms with32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show ____.A clockwiseB otherwiseC elsewhereD likewise33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian ____A involvementB rebellionC casualtiesD anguish34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland are _______A inexplicableB irreplaceableC indispensableD inseparable35. President Bush said that the most urgent mission was to bring the wrongdoers to ____A justiceB justificationC adjustmentD justifiabilityPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each )It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life’s happiness and much of its 36 come from the same resource ---one’s marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 37 or as much anguish. As the accompany box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 38 .But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 39 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,” 40 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 41 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said, “My wife has told me that she doesn’t love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 42 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 43 .Of course, some in such terrible straits 44 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 45 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 46 state. “Unlikely to divorce legally,” she says, “these spouses choose to 47 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 48 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 49 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved ---- not only from the 50 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.36. A mighty B misery C mystery D myth37. A delight B dismay C dignity D destiny38. A late B later C latter D last39. A ashore B afloat C arrogant D ascended40. A conferred B compromised C confessed D confided41. A passional B feeling C emotional D sensational42. A separate B parting C different D divided43. A excused B forgiven C comprehended D tolerated44. A intensify B terminate C reinforce D betray45. A in the end B out of the count C in the way D out of the question46. A loving B lovely C loved D loveless47. A insist on B persist in C remain with D keep in with48. A resign B deposit C expel D return49. A pattern B destination C alternative D route50. A addiction B agony C abuse D abolitionPart IV Reading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneMoviegoers may thi nk history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer’s most anticipated film,Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-creates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn’t the film’s only reminder of the past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbo r attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.Both Titanic and Pear l harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours.Both stories center on young passion, triangle of tension with one woman and two men: in Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a high-society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).The scenes of peril also have similarities, Harbo r has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled for the Titanic’s climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslet’s character does in Titanic.And the jaw-dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor’s 40-minute re-creation of the Dec.7, 1941 attack on the United States’ Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location: Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.Harbor’s makers have ever taken a Titanic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song,There You’ll be, performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion’s My Heart Will Go On.“If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance-action material,” says a critic.51. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?A The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.B Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.C The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.D Sinking boats and famous actors.52. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of the following aspects EXCEPT _____.A both spent large amount of money on special effects.B both have soundtracks starring a major pop star.C both added made-up stories to historical events.D both are documentary movies of historical events.53. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?A Kate BeckisaleB Ben AffleckC Kate WinsletD Faith Hill54. What does the phrase “cost a pretty penny” in the first paragraph mean?A To be very attractiveB To cost a lot.C To have big box office returnsD To require a lot of efforts to accomplish55. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?A The Battle of WaterlooB The Advents of Mr. BeanC Space InvadersD The Haunted House56. It is said in the passage that __________A major historical events can never repeat themselves.B both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearance.C Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than Titanic.D Titanic is the most successful film in history.Passage TwoA few weeks ago my mother called to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was mystified. I’d like to think myself dangerous but I’m a mild-mannered journalist. I don’t have a criminalrecord, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s ---- thus the “raid”. I hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled the scene after backing a Jeep into a crowd of people. But this is Mayor Giuliani’s New York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of cops. New Yorkers know all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approaching drivers and offering to clean the ir windshields. He’s also cracked down on street vendors. Yuppie that I am, I’ve never given much thought to what it felt like to be on the other side of the law.So when the cops came knocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my embarrassment upon discovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of apartment after dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up and wrote me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws. Yeah, I probably should have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck the pink slip in my back pocket---- and forgot about it. When I called to inquire about my case, I was told to “speak with Officer Kosenza.” But I didn’t get a chance. Kosenza called me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend. He wanted me to come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s police are in a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it’s getting harder and harder for cops to “make the numbers” that show they’re do ing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle through out-of-date tickets that haven’t been paid --- anything they could turn into a “crime”. I finally decided to turn myself in, which is now I found myself, one August evening, handcuffed at the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us tales of his days in the 1980s. “Times sure have changed,” he said, shaking his head at us statistically useful nuisances.Eventually I was led into a courtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the door. I wanted to complain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty of for another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Guiliani’s clean streets come with a p rice. If only the mayor would neglect to pay a ticket.57. According to the passage, the author is probably _________A an urban young professionalB a narrow-minded journalistC a criminal wanted by the policeD a traffic offender58. The author was arrested primarily because _____A he once stuck a piece of pink paper in his back pocket.B he used his mother’s address on the driver’s licenseC he had robbed convenience shops before.D he drank some beer one night on the street.59. The wor d “nuisances” in the fourth paragraph may mean________A mild-mannered prisonersB trouble makersC new arrivalsD hardened criminals60. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that _______A New York policemen are doing a good job---cracking down on crimes.B not everyone agrees with the mayor’s management of the city.C the crime rate has been reduced at the expense of citizen’s convenienceD everyone including the mayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A The author pleaded guilty and was set free.B Policemen were trying hard to please their superiors.C Many so-called crimes were only trifle things.D It’s no use complaining to co ps when you are caught.62. The tone of the passage is _________A satiricalB objectivesC praisefulD complainingPassage ThreeEwen Cameron is long dead but his ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily strictrules are being considered to protect the subjects of psychological research.Cameron was a scientist straight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable academic. But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials, superficially to exa mine Rudolf Hess’s psychological state. Many people believe that he also studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he never internalized the Nuremberg declaration that prohibits human experiments where risk outweighs “humanitarian importance.”Throughout the 1950s, Cameron ran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where patients were used as guinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT “therapy” twice daily, others were drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or mont hs, injected with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensory deprivation.Compensation has been paid to most surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological sciences has not entirely gone away. Nor has the need for patients’ rights to be guaranteed. Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, even though many were not in position to understand what it meant.The strict new rules for psychological research now under discussion can partly be understood in the light of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that no one can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.All well and good, except that psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can lea ve an experiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, ma ny psychological experiments would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactly what they were testing.There is much to debate about the rights of patients and experimental subjects. The committee drawing up the code has apparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.No one should do anything until this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest and study these submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.63. According to the author, we may conclude that __________A Cameron was a dedicated and responsible scientist.B Cameron was interested in unveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological state.C Cameron tried to ensure that his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the experiments.D Cameron unmistakably violated the subjects’ rights.64. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the second paragraph?A Cameron’s appearance might misrepresent his true perso nality.B Probing into the psychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s professions.C Cameron did not observe the stipulation relating to human experiments.D People believed that he had undisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.65. We can infer from this passage that _________A making compensation for the subjects’ loss was illegal.B some subjects in Cameron’s experiments died.C people have been quite indifferent to the subjects’ rights.D as a rule, people are fully supportive of psychological science.66. The committee responsible for working out the rules governing psychological research______A has to give top priority to psychological advances.B is bombarded with criticisms from the public.C is expected to take into account all the reactions to the drafting.D should rely on those willing to sacrifice their own interests.67. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological research is that _________A the rules can do little to protect the pa tients’ rightsB people may withdraw from the experiments in fear of damage to their own interests.C it would be impossible to sort out anything valuable from the comments on the rules.D people’s response to psychological sciences is overwhelmingly n egative.Passage FourSome accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on film---- as is the case at hundreds of intersections in more than 60 cities around the U.S.---it’s hard to talk your way out of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so-called red-light camera were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.The first U.S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robocams ( robot camera) deter people from speeding and running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposal to implement them, and opponents---ranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Union ---- argue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violations ----often with minimal police oversight--- and have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as much as $70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has got in $15.9 million since October 1998, and Washington $ 12.8 million since August 1999. “It’s all about money,” says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washington’s executive assistance chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money off that, that is American way.”Critics counter that there must be other, less intrusive ways to make intersections safer, such as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. “I object to this fixation we have with cameras and electronically gathered information,” says Barr. “It places too much confidence in technology.” That confidence, as Washington residents have learned, can be misplaced. The city removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than they really were. The city suspended the system in July.Another concern is privacy. While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a picture of the driver’s seat as well as ----- a bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic violation.In Europe, where speedcams are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.68. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph that _________A people respond differently when caught in traffic offense.B motorists can be wrongly accused by police officers.C speeders can’t defend themselves before red-light cameras.D computer-driven camera sometimes do tell lies.69 The court decision last week _____A triggered a dispute over the use of robocamsB immuned few camera-caught violators from punishment.C found fewer red-light camera supporters in America.D deterred some states from implementing camera devices.70. Opponents’ arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _________A they intrude into people’s privacy.B they give priority to the pursuit of profit.C they are operated by private firms.D they are under the supervision of police71. Police apartment believe that _______A robocams should not be operated by private firms.B robocams are effective in maintaining traffic order.C speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalities.D companies operating cameras should not pursue money only72. The phrase “ chump change” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ________A trivialB moderateC enormousD indefinite73. According to the passage, Bob Barr ____________A is the majority leader in the House of Representatives.B is strongly against the American way of making money.C lacks confidence in modern technology.D doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information.74. The writer’s attitude towards speedcams can be best expressed as ___A positiveB negativeC indifferentD uncertain75. Drivers in Europeans countries ___________A get angry at the red-light cameras.B destroy thousands of the speedcams.C take the initiative in the use of speedcams.D take drastic measures with speedcams.Passage FiveNow and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set up camp in more familiar territory. Such expeditions don’t often yield surprises, but it’s always reassuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. To prove their theory---- that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer than a superior----they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes about when they got angry and what they did about it.The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure, and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends.While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody had ever looked at anger this way before.Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that when one person hurts another, forgiveness “is associated with restored relational closeness following an interpersonal transgression.” Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their actions. Psychologists, however, aren’t the only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.Some boldly going where few have gone don’t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years, researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to data from stations on the Ross Ice Shelf----where almost all those taking part in Robert Scott’s ill-fatedSouth Pole expedition perished sometime between late February and mid-March of 1912---temperatures as low as those recorded in Scott’s journal have been documented only once in the past 15 years.This evidence led to one inexorable conclusion about what killed Scott and most of his party:it was the cold.76. According to the author, the scientists who do researches in more familiar territory _____A have confirmed what we have already known.B have looked at things in new ways.C have had important discoveries by studying the obvious.D have done some useless work.77. Which of the following is NOT true according to the psychologist at Stony Brook?A When people get angry, their blood pressure changes.B People are less likely to show their anger to their family members.C People tend to let off their grievance at home.D They have looked at anger in a unique way.78. The psychologists in Maryland have proved that when one person hurts another, ____A it is easier for them to make up if they have very close relations.B it is easier for them to make up if they show their intimacy.C They should kiss each other to make it up.D They should find a sound scientific basis to make up79. According to the research on the Ross Ice Shelf, Robert Scott’s expedition failed because ____A most of the exped itioners couldn’t stand hardships.B Robert Scott should not have chosen to go there in winter.C It was exceptionally cold on Antarctica that year.D Robert Scott did not pay much attention to the temperature record of Antarctica.80. It is implied in the passage that ___________A people should not bottle up their anger at their family members or friends.B bold researches would lead to radical conclusion.C what scientists say is not necessarily important.D researchers should shift from the edge of knowledge to familiar fields.Part V Translation ( 40 minutes, 20 points ) Section A ( 20 minutes, 10 points) Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s pr oducts are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few years, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It’s inherent in the type of business.”In many corners of Silicon Valley----and elsewhere ----unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business”, a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations. Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)4年来，中国两次成功地克服了全球经济衰退的冲击，实现了经济持续快速增长。

2017年考研英语二真题原文及参考答案

2017年考研英语二真题原文及参考答案[注意：本文按照考研英语二真题原文及参考答案的格式进行书写] Passage OneWhen I was 15, I took a job at a supermarket in my hometown. My parents did not believe that I could hold down a job, but I was determined to prove them wrong. It was a challenging experience, but it taught me valuable lessons that have stayed with me to this day.The job involved stocking shelves, assisting customers, and handling cash transactions. At first, I struggled to adapt to the fast-paced environment and the demands of the customers. However, I quickly learned to stay calm under pressure and develop excellent multitasking skills. These skills not only helped me excel in my job but also prepared me for future challenges.Another important lesson I learned was the value of hard work and persistence. There were days when I felt exhausted and wanted to give up, but I reminded myself of my goal to prove my parents wrong. I pushed through the difficult times and learned to persevere, no matter what obstacles I faced. This mindset has been invaluable throughout my life, as it has helped me overcome difficult situations and achieve success in various endeavors.Furthermore, working at the supermarket taught me the importance of customer service. I realized that behind every transaction was a person with their own needs and concerns. By providing excellent customer service, I was able to make a positive impact on their day and ensure their satisfaction.This lesson has carried over into my professional life, where I prioritize customer satisfaction in all my interactions.In conclusion, my experience working at a supermarket at the age of 15 proved to be a valuable learning experience. It taught me the importance of staying calm under pressure, developing multitasking skills, working hard, persevering through challenges, and prioritizing customer service. These lessons have shaped my character and contributed to my personal and professional growth. I am grateful for the opportunity and the lessons learned during that time.【参考答案】1. What does the author try to convey in the passage?A) The challenges of working in a supermarket.B) The importance of proving oneself to others.C) The lessons learned from a part-time job.D) The significance of customer satisfaction in retail.2. Which of the following skills did the author develop from working at the supermarket?A) Problem-solving and negotiation skills.B) Time management and organizational skills.C) Technical and mechanical skills.D) Teaching and mentoring skills.3. How did the author feel on days when he/she wanted to give up?A) Motivated to prove others wrong.B) Guilty for disappointing his/her parents.C) Exhausted and physically drained.D) Excited for future challenges.4. According to the passage, why is customer service important?A) It ensures personal satisfaction and success.B) It guarantees repeat business and loyalty.C) It helps develop strong multitasking skills.D) It prepares individuals for future endeavors.。

2017年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)

2017年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)utomated labor。

but with a universal basic e provided by the government。

This would allow people to live comfortably without the need for work。

However。

critics argue that this would lead to a XXX.Another n of the future without work is one in which XXX taking care of menial tasks。

people would have more time to pursue their ns and interests。

This could lead to a society of artists。

thinkers。

and XXX.Regardless of the n。

XXX of work。

Jobs that were once considered secure and essential are now being automated。

and the trend is only expected to continue。

It is up to XXX are shared by all.In n。

the future without work is a complex and uncertain topic。

While it offers the potential for a more leisurely and fulfilling life。

it also poses challenges and risks。

It is up to us to shape this future and ensure that it is one that XXX.a better place。

2017年考研英语二真题和解析详细

WORD格式可编辑2016考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more cre ative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that hap piness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems pl ausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D]reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2017年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析

2017年全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the foll owing text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposel essness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and d epressed. 6 ，today’s unempl oyed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unempl oyed for at l east a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobl ess future.But it doesn’t 11 foll ow from findings like these that a worl d without work woul d be fill ed with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unempl oyed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind coul d 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overbl own. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because l eisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，peopl e use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，”Danaher says，adding，“In a worl d in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality[B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution[D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisd om [B] meaning [C] glory[D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Ind eed [C] Thus[D] Neverthel ess7. [A] rich[B] urban [C]working[D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] und er [B] beyond[C] al ongsid e [D] among10. [A] l eave behind [B] make up[C] worry about[D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily[D] economically12. [A] chances[B] d ownsides[C] benefits[D] principl es13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face[D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore[C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model[B] practice[C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] l engthy[C] mysterious[D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards[C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored[B] tired[C] confused[D] starved19. [A] off[B] against[C] behind[D] into20. [A] technological[B] professional [C] educational[D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the foll owing four texts. Answer the questions bel ow each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 a.m., more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Bad deley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Lond on's Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pl edged that the great legacy of the Gameswoul d be to l evel a nation of sport l overs away from their couches. The population woul d be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults d oing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils d oing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the cl ock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidd ers, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it shoul d really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presid ed over selling green spaces, squeezing money from l ocal authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to d o more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularity B．created many jobsC．strengthened community ties D．become an official festival22. The author believes that Lond on's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.A．boost population growth B．promote sport participationC．improve the city's image D．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talents B．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitism D．d oes not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.A．organize "grassroots" sports events B．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubs D．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitud e to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.A．Tol erant B．Critical C．Uncertain D．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on chil dren’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Rad esky has studied the use of mobile phones and tabl ets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be l ooking at their emails whil e the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to l ook at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a d evice－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” d evised by devel opmental psychol ogist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her chil d in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The chil d becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents d on't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a chil d’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideol ogy that d emands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-mid dle-class id eology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more availabl e to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Rad esky, digital products are d esigned to ______.A．simplify routine matters B．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relations D．increase work efficiency27. Rad esky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of d evices ______.A．takes away babies’ appetite B．distracts children’s attention28. Rad esky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideol ogy mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their children D．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free time B．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homework D．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, wid espread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overl ook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to coll ege in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But whil e this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in coll ege than those who d o not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the bl ow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blund ers.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to expl ore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at l east once. This isn’t surprising, consid ering the basic mandatory high school curriculum l eaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking coll ege classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.A．they think it academically misleading B．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from others D．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.A．keep stud ents from being unrealistic B．l ower risks in choosing careers33. The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3）is cl osest in meaning to_____.A．Adaptation B．applicationC．Motivation D．competition34. A gap year may save money for stud ents by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failures B．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another college D．d ecid e on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text woul d be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap Year B．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes Back D．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a probl em for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on fed eral tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecol ogy and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly d ouble the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwid e concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are fed eral d ollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wil dfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past d ecade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.Whil e climate is a key el ement, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, l eads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the probl em and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, peopl e continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controll ed and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Bal ch at the University of Col orad o. But acknowl edging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Bal ch says. “It is really important to und erstand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management efforts B．consumed a record-high percentage of budget C．severely damaged the ecol ogy of western states D．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areas B．avoid the redirection of fed eral moneyC．find wil dfire-free parts of the landscape D．guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.A．public debates have not settled yet B．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors shoul d not be overl ooked D．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.A．discover the fundamental makeup of nature B．explore the mechanism of the human systems C．maximize the role of landscape in human life D．understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away with B．come to terms withC．pay a price for D．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the foll owing text and match each of the numbered items in the l eft column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We d on't make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while d efending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decad es, and further trad e d eals raise questions about whether new shocks coul d hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trad e competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all ad ds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also d oing an well as manufacturing,”Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a cl ose eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable insid e the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I l ove working with tools. I l ove creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdl e: parents, who lived through the worst US economic d ownturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skill ed trades. Now shortages are appearingat the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community Coll ege. "There're enough peopl e to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you d on't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the probl em is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Mill ennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. Whil e their parents were content to work l ong hours, young peopl e value fl exibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the foll owing text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46. My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion designpersonalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation, and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)48. Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)2017 年考研英语二真题答案解析Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析及结构这是一篇议论文，选自2016 年《大西洋月刊》，全文共352 词。

2017真题-英语二- (解析版)

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again_1_that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by_2_.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive_3_holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one_4_by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives_5_,people will simply become lazy and depressed._6_,today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for_7_Americans.Also,some research suggests that the_8_for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting_9_poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many__10_the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't__11__follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the__12__of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the__13__of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could__14__strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the__15__of work may be a bit overblown."Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,"says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively__16__for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional__17__of their jobs."When I come home from a hard day's work,I often feel__18__,"Danaher says, adding,"In a world in which I don't have to work,I might feel rather different"—perhaps different enough to throw himself__19__a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for__20__matters.1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring动词词义辨析。

2017英语二参考答案

2017英语二参考答案2017年的英语二考试是全国硕士研究生入学考试的一部分，它涵盖了英语语言的各个方面，包括阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作。

以下是2017年英语二考试的参考答案，供考生参考。

阅读理解1. A节（多项选择题）- 第1题：C- 第2题：A- 第3题：B- 第4题：D- 第5题：C- 第6题：B- 第7题：D- 第8题：A- 第9题：C- 第10题：B2. B节（新题型）- 第11题：E- 第12题：F- 第13题：C- 第14题：G- 第15题：H完形填空- 第21题：D（influence）- 第22题：A（concerning）- 第23题：B（consequently）- 第24题：C（in）- 第25题：A（to）- 第26题：D（with）- 第27题：A（for）- 第28题：C（it）- 第29题：B（that）- 第30题：D（is）翻译- 第31题：The author suggests that the current trend of technological development may lead to a future where humans are no longer the dominant species on Earth.- 第32题：The study found that the majority of people are not aware of the potential risks associated with the widespread use of technology.- 第33题：According to the research, the increasing reliance on technology could result in humans losing their ability to think independently.- 第34题：The article argues that the rapid advancement of technology poses a significant threat to the long-term survival of the human race.- 第35题：It is implied in the passage that the overuse of technology could eventually lead to humans becoming more dependent on machines than ever before.写作小作文（应用文写作）- 题目要求写一封邀请信，邀请教授参加学术会议。

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题和答案【范本模板】

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Directions：Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work 。

Today is no different，with academics，writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。

Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 。

A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，today’s unemployed don’t see m to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans。

2017全国考研英语二真题和答案解析.doc

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is nodifferent, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology bereplacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will bedefined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses willstruggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland ofa different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 ,people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seemto be having a g reat time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans whohave been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the ratefor 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates ofmortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-agedpeople is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizingdullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work wouldbe filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in asociety built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designedwith other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the futureof labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobsDanaher,are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use theirfree time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a come home from a hard day’s work, I often feelperhaps differentworld in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usuallyreserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 【答案】[A] inequality3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction【答案】[D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 【答案】[B] Indeed7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated【答案】[C] working8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among【答案】[D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 【答案】[C] worry about11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically【答案】[C] necessarily12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 【答案】[B] downsides13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course【答案】[A] absence14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield【答案】[D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship【答案】[C] virtue16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 【答案】[D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats【答案】[A] demands18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved【答案】[B] tired19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into【答案】[D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D]interpersonal【答案】[B] professionalSectionII Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on the A NSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Sat urday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km aroundtheir local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and hasinspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousandsof volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times rangefrom Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level anation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doingweekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the generalpopulation was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an acceleratingrate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport aweek have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Officialretrospections continue as to why Lon don 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethoswelcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clappedover the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dualaim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating fornewcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planningof such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providingcommon goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pavetennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities ingreen spaces,schools. But successive governments have presided over sellingsqueezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to providethe conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity.22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities.25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2Wit h so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Ra in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into thefamily routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devicesduring the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phonesbec ame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.orld, and if thoseInfants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their wfaces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—itcan be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. Init, amother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blankexpression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parent have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parentsneed to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned th a t the worries about kids’ use ofscreens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents shouldalways be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, v white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if y ou’re failing to expose yourbec ause achild to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that justparticularly ifchild isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friendor get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then bemore available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.27.Radesky’s food[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attentiondevelopment[C] slows down babies’ verbal[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students tocompletely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone youknow is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’after going to school for 12 ye ars, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doingsomething that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the sociallyperpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does nothinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap yearare generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing themfor independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things thatfirst-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen theblow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand newenvironment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather thanacclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to theNational Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end upchanging their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding ofthemselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. AtBoston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you toswitch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figurethings out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on..31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures.33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition【答案】[A] adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major【答案】[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】[A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency ofwildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, saysProfessor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on suchefforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards thesuch as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resourcesagency’s other work—management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are goinginto construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federaldollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the wholea minute,country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate onlower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today viewsfire, researchers say.For one thing, conver sat ions about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the pastdecade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth fromgreenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go“The human systems andboth ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly sim view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what thesolution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be whollycontrolled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the Universityof Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with firetoday.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget.37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C] other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from【答案】[B] come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly fromDonald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, whiledefending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hitmanufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: insteadof having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competitionand outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands ofretiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking theirplace, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upwardsays Jaypressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may becoming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that arealso doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high schooljuniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipmentthat his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of hisnearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-collegestudents enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hourthat rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered bythe copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school heconsidered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love work wit h tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another majorhurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the GreatDepression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father an mother both were laid off. They blame it on the m anufacturing recession,” says BirgitKlohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for westernMichigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortagesfirst appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skilllevels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,says Rob Spohr, a business profes sor at Montcalm Community College. “There’reenough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t nee have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennialsinto manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to worklong hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he lovesworking with tools.41. Jay Deuwell [B] points out that there are eno ugh people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.42. JasonStenquist[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs [D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.44. Rob Spohr [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.45.Julie Parks [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.【答案】41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42 [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill t he jobs that don’t need much skill45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturingSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it ,—I knew that no one because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dreamcould imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for somefashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.A declaringB verifyingC makingD indicating22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.A technologicallyB considerablyC structurallyD internally23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.A composeB overthrowC disposeD surpass24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.A participate inB cater toC indulge inD see to25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.A astonishingB humiliatingC noticeableD fleeting.26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.A carried onB taken onC worked onD embarked on27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.A once in a whileB at the same timeC in a broad senseD as soon as possible.28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.A specific=definiteB activeC creativeD confident.29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff.A proficiencyB graspC efficiencyD competition30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.A set apartB leave outC go aboutD put upSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thoughtabout now.A in the way ofB in the eyes ofC in the face ofD in the form of32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group.A identificationB specificationC introductionD superstition33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ thatschools should continue to test, if they so choose.A preserveB safeguards B maintains D conserves34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one withthe Internet ____A entranceB admissionC accessD involvement35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____A mobilityB moralityC maturityD mortality36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved.A impulsiveB responsiveC destructiveD speculative37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals.A residedB inhabitedC segregatedD exhibited38. Some teenagers a re so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, if possible.A on purposeB on hand .C on creditD on end39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____A reservesB preservativesC conservativesD reservations.-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident.40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s stepA ecologicalB psychologicalC physiologicalD biologicalPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance t o change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44color and taste.Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed t o fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea containonly about half as much caffeine as coffee.Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects.41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits42. A where it B that C which D when it43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of48. A less B the least C more D the most49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms ofPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each)Passage OneSingletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends andfamily and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living aloneis putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system justfor selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The efficiency is a lot higher in households of two people or more, simply because theyof resource consumption”share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would findthat all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for acup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bitworried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by nothaving a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panicand hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “family and coupledom.The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilatedinto a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.Try “communal living.”　There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having aFriends.“green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV seriesAnd the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own isnot allowed.51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.B they should live together with other singletons.C singledom is an acceptable life-style.D singledom can shorten one’slife-span.52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B Now people can afford to support a household individually.C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D Many people live much longerthan before.53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________A harmful to people’s life.B destructive to our ecosystem.C dangerous to plants and animals.D unworkable in our society54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______A self-reliantB self-consciousC self-sufficientD self-centered55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____A abnormalB diversifiedC unimaginableD disgusting56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________A find boy friends or girl friends.B live with their parents and other family members.C live together and share more with their friends.D watch more episodes of the TV seriesFriends.Passage TwoIn 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next bigissue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had beco from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is adisorder passed f rom mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance ofhaving the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selectionled them to Virginia, U.S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now theywill try to have a second daughter using the same technique.The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 inCalifornia marked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number ofpeople who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the companydirector.This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender.It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the techniquefor nonmedical reasons.The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a c hild to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success r ate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.The technique separates s perm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?A Because t hey might give birth to a blind baby.B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____A had already been well-developed.B had not been declared successful.C was available to those who wanted it.D had been widely accepted in the medical world.primary concern regarding the application of the new59. Which of the following is the author’stechnology?A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls.B 76% of the women get pregnantwith boys.C it is more successful for those who want to have girls.D it is more successful for those who wantto have boys.61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____A are of different shapesB are of different sizesC can be identifiedD can be reproduced62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons.C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemmafor mankind.D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population.Passage ThreeWithout question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at thetop-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sellthe lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to makeup and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely tokeep his employees busy during slack period. He is likely t o have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to beuld be clearly marked as such and not sold as if theyextra critical. For example the “second” showere perfect. The term “substandard,”　incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect thanMore serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price “seconds.”　which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the menwho run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the dayafter the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left-price” when only awhen in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 at halfwerefew are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware”　necessary it is during sales.63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?A Cheapest goodsB Newest goodsC Seasonal goodsD Goods in stock64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____A surplus goodsB low-cost goodsC the end lot goodsD exceptionally valued goods65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____A have his goods produced at low cost.B sell his goods at a very low price.C have his employees sell his goods.D try to produce high quality goods.66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________A are of better quality than “substandard goods”B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.C are defective but marked as perfect.D are goods with serious defects67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____A dressing againB change of addressC compensation for something wrong.D selling the same product at different prices.68. During sales shoppers should ____A find the best bargains at every opportunity.B beware of being cheated.C buy things that are necessary.D pay more attention to the price.Passage FourHow many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can thesebe alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotionalproblems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat b y the use of anti-depressantsbut he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, oftenunwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularlypsychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merel drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in thecase of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness o f doctor who feelthat they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the otherhand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossibleto get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatriccare may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the useof drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withholdsuch treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himselffeels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. Itdoes not solve the problem of those whose headaches, i ndigestion, backache, etc. are due tophysical cause and as a matter “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to someof routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is seriousordinary doctor’sindeed.69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______A could be ineffective in some cases.B usually have harmful side effects.C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.D can remove the root causes.70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.B how psychologists should treat their patients.C the fact that all of the drugs have harmfulside effects.D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness.71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____A find it impossible to remove a psychological diseaseB feel dissatisfied at treating theirpatients with drugs.C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored.D can do nothing if the patient is in adepressed state .72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____A are at a loss for treatment.B have no right to use drugs.C have to cure their patients by any means.D should use drugs to treat the symptoms.73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____A a more serious diseaseB some emotional problem.C a physical disorderD prolonged work74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____A concernedB hopelessC surprisedD disappointedPassage FiveThose who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Theirpledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dimlight on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in ourcurrent regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morrisseems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again,how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, anattempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates,reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking cando to the real economy.After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morrisdraws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crises is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to b honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real e and foreign loans that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.”So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone。

2017年考研英语二真题及答案

绝密★启用前2017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B 铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 p oints)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 : A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction 9 poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit ove rblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different” – perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3.[A] policy [B] guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B] divided [C] balanced [D] measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich [B] urban [C] working [D] educated8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012 – but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods –making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has .[A]gained great popularity[B]created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D]become an official festival22.The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to .[A]boost population growth[B]promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D]increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A]aims at discovering talents[B]focuses on mass competition[C]does not emphasize elitism[D]does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should .[A]organize “grassroots” sports events[B]supervise local sports associations[C]increase funds for sports clubs[D]invest in public sports facilities25.The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive –as they often are when absorbed in a device –it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expo se your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it – particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the t ime.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to .[A]simplify routine matters[B]absorb user attention[C]better interpersonal relations[D]increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’u se of devices .[A]takes away babies’ appetite[B]distracts children’s attention[C]slows down babies’ verbal development[D]reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that .[A]it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C]children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood[D]parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to .[A]protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B]teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C]ensure constant interaction with their children[D]remain concerned about kids’ use of screens30.According to Tronick, kids’ use of s creens may .[A]give their parents some free time[B]make their parents more creative[C]help them with their homework[D]help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits – in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes –all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basi c mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A]they think it academically misleading[B]they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C]it feels strange to do differently from others[D]it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A]keep students from being unrealistic[B]lower risks in choosing careers[C]ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D]relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “acclimation” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A]adaptation[B]application[C]motivation[D]competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A]avoid academic failures[B]establish long-term goals[C]switch to another college[D]decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be .[A]In Favor of the Gap Year[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year[C]The Gap Year Comes Back[D]The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires – nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work – such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep – that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. “We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, ‘Wait a minute, is this OK?’ Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change –how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.Whil e climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconn ected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .[A]exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C]severely damaged the ecology of western states[D]caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to .[A]raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B]avoid the redirection of federal money[C]find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D]guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A]public debates have not settled yet[B]fire-fighting conditions are improving[C]other factors should not be overlooked[D]a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A]discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B]explore the mechanism of the human systems[C]maximize the role of landscape in human life[D]understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A]do away with[B]come to terms with[C]pay a price for[D]keep away fromPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers – and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing.” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating,” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear anothermajor hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot o f skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generatio n. They really want to live their lives,” she says.Section III Translation46.DirectionsTranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream – I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media &Promotion.”Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1)accept the invitation, and2)introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)2017年考研英语二真题答案Section ⅠUse of English1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.D 20.BSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21~25 A B C D B Text 2 26~30 B D D C AText 3 31~35 C D A D A Text 4 36~40 B D C D BPart B41.E 42.A 43.G 44.B 45.FPart C46.我的梦想一直是在时尚和出版之间的领域工作。

2017年考研英语二真题答案及解析

的-ing 形式。
A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the
另一种不互相排斥的预测则认为，未来将成为另一种
future will be a wasteland of a different sort ， one 4 by 荒原，一种以漫无目的为特征的荒原：没有工作赋予生活
research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality ，解释。也许这就是很多人担心缺失了工作的未来会痛苦且
mental-health problems ， and addicting
9 沉闷的原因。
poorly-educated ， middle-aged people is a shortage of
笔锋一转，提出在一个设计合理的社会中，没有工作未必会引起不安；最后举例对现实情况做出说明，指出现阶段
工作劳累，使人们无暇专注与自己的爱好。
二、语篇精读
People have speculated for centuries about a future
若干世纪以来，人们都在设想不用工作的未来。如今
without work.Today is no different ， with academics ，也仍然如此，许多学术界人士、作家和激进分子再次警告 writers ， and activists once again 1 that technology is 说技术会代替工人。一些人猜想，不工作的世界可以用“不
replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming 平等”这个词来定义：一部分富人将拥有全部资本，而普

研究生考试英语（二）真题答案

研究生考试英语（二）真题答案2017年研究生考试英语(二)真题答案2017年考研已经顺利结束了，今年考研英语试题的难度与去年相比基本持平。

以下是店铺搜索整理的关于2017年研究生考试英语(二)真题答案，欢迎查看，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!【原文题目】My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!【参考译文】我的梦想我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。

2017考研英语二真题+答案(完整版)

2017考研英语二真题+答案（缺少完型填空1-20）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points).People have speculated for centuries about a future without work,.Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again_1_ warning that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by_2_ inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exculsive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4_by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_, people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction _9_ poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time. Perhaps this is why many _10_ about the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t _11_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with malaise. Such visions are based on the_12_of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could _14_ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a squandering of human potential,”says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway who has written about a world without work. “Global surveys find that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.”These days, because leisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional _17_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel _18_,”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself _19_a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for _20_ matters.1 [A]boasting [B]warning[C]denying[D]ensuring2[A]uncertainty[B]unreliability[C]instability[D]inequality3[A]policy[B]guideline[C]prediction[D]resolution4[A]measured[B]divied[C]balanced[D]characterized5[A]meaning[B]wisdom[C]glory[D]freedom6[A]indeed[B]instead[C]thus[D]nevertheless7[A]rich[B]working[C]urban[D]educated8[A]substitute[B]requirement[C]compensation[D] explanation9[A]under[B]beyond[C]among[D]alongside10[A]leave behind[B]worry about[C]make up[D]set aside11[A]atatistically[B]necessarily[C]occasionally[D]economicall12[A]downsides[B]chance[C]benefits[D]principles13[A]course[B]height[C]face[D]absence14[a]disturd[b]restore[C]yield[D]exclude15[A]model[B]virtue[C]practice[D]hardship16[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]scarce[D]mysterious17[A]threats[B]standards[C]qualities[D]demands18[A]tired[B]ignored[C]confused[D]starved19[A]off[B]against[C]into[D]behind20[A]professional[B]technological[C]educational[D]interpersonal完型填空【答案】1.B warning2.D inequality3.C prediction4.D characterized5.A meaning6.A Indeed7.B working8.D explanation9.A under10.worry about11.B necessarily12.B chances13.D absence14.C yield15.C practice16.C scarce17.D demands18. A tired19.C into20.D interpersonalSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympic would be to lever a nation of sport lovers awayfrom their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012-but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim is mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved planing of such a fundamentally “grassroots”concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22.The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy”has failed to ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25.The author’s attitude to what UK government have done for sports is ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟ ͟͟.[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText1【答案】21.A gained great popularity22.B promote sport participation23.C does not emphasize elitism24.D invest in public sports facilities25.B criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive- as they often are when absorbed in a device- it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it- particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to______.[A] absorb user attention[B] increase work efficiency[C] simplify routine matters[D] better interpersonal relations27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] reduces mother-child communication[D] slows down babies’ verbal development28.Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs[C] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[D] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] remain concerned about kids’ use of screens[D] ensure constant interaction with their children30.According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may_______.[A] make their parents more creative[B] give their parents some free time[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentiveText2【答案】26. A absorb user attention27. C reduces mother-child communication28. B parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.D ensure constant interaction with their children30.B give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving word often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hind the success of academic pursuits-in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college that those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes - all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choice. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college application, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be closely to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston college, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is thatA. they think it academically misleadingB. they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC. it feels strange to do differently from othersD. It seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helpsA.Keep students from being unrealisticB.Lower risks in choosing careersC.Ease freshmen’s financial burdensD.Relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning toA.AdaptationB.ApplicationC.Motivationpetition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping themA. Avoid academic failuresB. Establish long-term goalC. Switch to another collegeD. Decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would beA. In Favor of the GapB. The ABCs of the Gap YearC. The Gap Year Comes BackD. The Gap Year :A DilemmaText3【答案】31.B They have a lot of fun to expect in college32.D relieve freshmen of pressure33.B adaptation34.A decide on the right major35.B In favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of the wildfires is a national concern because of impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spend on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal finds todays are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservations, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public front other agencies are going into construction in fire—prone districts. As Moritz puts it ,how often are federal dollors building homes are likely to be lost to a widefire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure persperctive for the whole country,” he says “We need to take a manifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minitues, is this Ok?” Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concertrate on lower—hazardparts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fires,researchers say.For one thing, conversation about wildfires needs to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change —how the warning of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human system and landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go boths ways,” he says. Falling to recognize that, he notes, leads to “ an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time , people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Proffesor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing for the laws, politics, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says .“We’re disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says ,”It is really important to understand and try and trease out what is the human connection with the fire today .”36. More frequency wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they tend toA. cause a huge a rise of infrastructure expenditureB. severely damaged the ecology of western statesC. consumed a record—high percentage of budgetD. exhausted unprecendented management efforts37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” toA. raise more funds for fire-prone areasB. guarantee safer spending of public fundsC. avoid the redirection of federal moneyD. find widefire—free parts of the landscape38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes thatA. public debates have not selected yetB. fire—fighting conditions are improvingC. other factors should not be overlookedD. a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of falling toA. understand the interrelation of man and natureB. maximize the role of landscape in human lifeC.explore the mechanism of the human systemsD. discover the fundamental makeup of nature40. Professor Balch point out that fire is something man shouldA. do away withB. keep away fromC. pay a price forD. come to terms withText4【答案】36. C consumed a record-high percentage of budget37. A raise more fund for fire-prone areas38. C other factors should nod be overlooked39. A understand the interrelations of man and nature40. D come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWE SHEET.(10 minutes)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore.” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing. American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their places. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers - and upward pressure on wages. “ They’re harder to find and they have job offers.” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm. “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing.” Mr Dunwell has begunbringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr Roth has three community-college students enrooled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I loving creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturing have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downtown since the Great Despreesion, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recessions.” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency western Michigan.There concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker strangers first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skilled levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take on skill and those that require a lot of skills.” says rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a worker/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “ Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives.” she says.【答案】41. Jay Dunwell 答案C says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42. Jason Stenquist 答案D says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43. Birgit Klohs 答案B says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.44. Rob Spohr 答案F points out there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.45. Julie Parks 答案G points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neat on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Twoyears before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favorite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”46.【答案】我总是梦想着在一个与时尚和出版相关的地方工作。

2017考研英语(二)完整真题与答案解析

2017年考研英语(二)完整真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again _1_ that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by _2_ . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4 _by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_ , people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_ , today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who havebeen unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting _9_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many __10_ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't __11__ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the __12__ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the __13__ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could __14__ strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. T oday, the __15__ of work may be a bit overblown. "Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential," says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively __16__ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional __17__ of their jobs. "When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel __18__ ," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different"—perhapsdifferent enough to throw himself __19__ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for __20__ matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring动词词义辨析。

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题2

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题22017年研究生学位课英语统考试题Part I VocabularySection A1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas study.A frustratedB formulatedC fabricatedD facilitated2.Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A agreementB consensus Cpermission D support3. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.A pull outB pull upC pull inD pull over4. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.A detectableB triflingC inexcusableD magnificent5. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.A directB proceedingC verticalD successive6. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.A difficultB sustainableC externalD unpredictable7. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.A restrictB reduceC increaseD stabilize8. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative .A efficientB conventionalC economicalD unique.9. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.A pay offB get offC dispose ofD run off10. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.A brought forwardB brought aboutC brought downD brought inSection B :11. As females in their 40s tend to ____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.A take onB hold onC carry onD put on12. The shop-owner took a load of ____-crusted bread and handed it to the child.A fragileB crispC vagueD harsh13. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.A on the point ofB on the grounds ofC on the advice ofD on the part of14.These intelligence officers tried a ___ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.A combinationB collaborationC convictionD confrontation15. The terminally ill patient lying in the ___ care unit was kept alive on life support.A apprehensiveC extensiveD comprehensive16. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ____.A ice-breakingB eye-catchingC painstakingD soul-touching17. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ___ brilliant high school students.A intellectuallyB intelligiblyC intelligentlyD intimately18. When a heavy vehicle is ___ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.A involvedB stuckC interferedD specialized19. A risk or effect may diminish ___, but it may also increase for some reason.A at willB over timeC under wayD so far20. It’s in your best ____ to quit smoking, for you have some br eathing problems.A sakeC advantageD interestPart II. Cloze“Techno-stress”----frustration arising from pressure to use new technology----is said to be 21 , reportsMaclean’s magazine of C anada. Studies point to cau ses that 22 “the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 23 of work and home life as a result of 24 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.” How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 25 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 26 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. “ 27 time each day to turn the technology off,” and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 28 attention. “People start the day by making the 29 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,” notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp. “The best hour and a half of the day is spent on compl ete 30 .”21. A descending B narrowing C mounting D widening22. A pass on B range from C deal with D give up23. A confusion B construction C contribution D conduction24. A creations B promotions C productions D innovations25. A laws B boundaries C deadlines D barriers26. A convenience B advantages C flexibility D complexity27. A Put forward B Put across C Put aside D Put up28. A prior B major C senior D superior29. A fragmental B fictional C fractional D fundamental30. A relaxation B entertainment C rubbish D hobbyPart III. Reading ComprehensivePassage OneThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new Industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concern about genetically engineered crops. “In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.“A rose ca n be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato…” Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants,however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the pot ential outcomes,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31. According to the author, biotech companies are ______A mostly specialized in agriculture.B those producing seeds of better propertiesC mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops.D likely to have big returns in their business.32. Now biotech products are made ____.A within the limits of natural genetics .B by violating laws of natural genetics.C without the interference of humans.D safer than those without the use of biotechnology33. In nature, genetic diversity is created ____A by mixing different speciesB within the species itselfC through natural selectionD through selection or contest34.Biotechnoly has made it possible ____A for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world.B for plants to be produced with genes of humans.C for humans to assume the cold-resistant property.D to grow crops with the taste of farm animals.35. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ____A the species of creatures will be reduced. D we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases.B our living environment will be better than it is now.C humans will pay for its side effect.36. The author’s attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described ____A optimisticB pessimisticC concernedD suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors V oltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocates the deathpenalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human right issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoint, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.37. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _________A death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.B people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.C death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.D many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.38. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A People began to criticize their government.B The government was unjust in this period.C People began to realize the value of life.D Social critics were very active at that time.39. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ____A was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty.B was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment.C was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals.D first raised the theory against capital punishment.40. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ___.A violates human rights regulations.B is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC is just the revenge for terrible crimes.D involves killing without mercy.41. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty _____A agree that it is a human rights issueB agree that it can prevent crimes.C explain its statistical analyses differentlyD think that they are asked different types of questions.42. The author’s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _____A supportiveB criticalC neutralD contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared incommon----although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.The key to a bear’s survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears----their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees. Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear’s body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 380C to as low as -30C.43. Most bears live alone because _________A they don’t want to keep a social network.B each bear feeds on different kinds of food.C male and female b ears can’t tolerate each other.D they don’t want other bears to share their food.44.According to the passage, bears of the same sex ____A can get along with each other peacefully.B share their range with each other.C live in an area partly shared in common.D can’t live peacefully in the same area.45.As is told about bears in the passage, we know that _____A it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees.B a bear can long remember where it has found food.C all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey.D all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals.46. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because ____A their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding.B they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season.C they need to convert their fat into energy in winter.D they can’t find enough food in the cold season.47. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______A animals in hibernation don’t wake up easily.B animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply.C the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn’t change.D animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions.48. The passage is mainly about ___.A the species of bearsB the food category of bearsC the winter sleep of bearsD the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door--- he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---- didn’t seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing.The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one’s earl y childhood--- a sunlight encountered later only in one’s dreams.I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace , and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect ---and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give ---and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow , but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and read more of what I had written, than I had expected , and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversations, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply intoany subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I don’t know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no ----the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him ---- his worshipers’ joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.49.Which of the following is the best alternative word for “imposing”?A EnthusiasticB HostileC ImpressiveD Anxious50. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A TranquilB SolemnC ChaoticD Stressful51.How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A DelightedB AstonishedC EmbarrassedD Scared52. Which of the following statements is true about theauthor?A He talked little.B He was puzzledC He enjoyed the conversationD He got more respect than he deserved.53. The man didn’t get deeply involved in any subject because they ____A had little knowledgeB didn’t know one another well.C wanted to relax themselvesD awaited the arrival of someone important54. What can we learn about Elijah?A He was admired by others.B He was very handsome.C He was a man with determinationD He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingap ore’s Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a p ostmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond’s tool man, Q. It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $ 5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds.It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singapore garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substance on contact. Much of the agency’s work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency’s most critical assignments, because Singapore is a nation of 5 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that seems that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.55. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably________A a mechani c in James Bond’s garage.B a fictional Australian with spiky hair.C a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD An imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment.56. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA true?A It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.B It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality lab.C It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.D It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.57. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used asa sort of weapon mainly because ___A it is made of a new material resembling plastics.B it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it.C it has been adapted to the tropical weather there.D its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment.58. Which of the following is Not mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?A Smaller soldiersB Smaller populationC Limited defense budgetD Limited natural resources59. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show ____A what DSTA has done to meet the country’s special needs.B how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be.。

2017年考研英语(二)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2017年考研英语（二）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 【C1】______ that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 【C2】______ . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive 【C3】______ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 【C4】______ by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 【C5】______ , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 【C6】______ today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 【C7】______ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 【C8】______ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 【C9】______ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 【C10】______ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’ t 【C11】______ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 【C12】______ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 【C13】______ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 【C14】______ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 【C15】______ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, “says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days, because leisure time is relatively 【C16】______ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 【C17】______ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’ s work, I often feel 【C18】______ ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don ‘ t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 【C19】______ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 【C20】______ matters.1．【C1】A．boastingB．denyingC．warningD．ensuring正确答案：C解析：空格之后的宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers．”结合选项，应该选择warning。

17年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案3

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案12017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案Part II. V ocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points) Section A ( point each) 21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again and take in most of human life. A accept B understand C support D include 22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bring out a goodbye. A blow out B give outC get away withD come out with23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists. Areforming B yielding C breeding D conceiving. 24. Once a proposal goes into place, it?s next to impossible to reverse it. A overthrow B enhance C implement D provoke. 25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended to. A participated in B seen to C concentrated on D involved in 26. The majority of these graduate students have but one aspiration ---- to be top economists. A inspiration B ambition C request D acquisition 27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room. A absorbed in B submerged in C saturated with D agonized by 28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been eliminated. A given out B ruled out C written out D turned out 29. We are obliged to the teaching staffhere for their academic guidance and profound influence. A committed B compelled C grateful D respectful 30. Humans has the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their peculiar ideas and fancies.A novelB particularC arbitraryD fantastic Section B ( point each) 31. These ____ salesperson of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies. A prospective B perspective C respective D protective 32. Skin, being sturdy and _____and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.A flexibleB looseC elasticD resourceful 33. Since teacher behaviour is ____ for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives. A held up =exhibit, display,B used upC kept upD dressed up34. The concept of personal choice ____health behaviours is an important one.A in face ofB in case ofC in relation toD in charge of 35. The so-called “brain drain” refers to the fact people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned and end up by ____.A immigratingB migratingC integratingD emigrating 36. As fulfillment seldom ____to anticipation, there is no need to feel upset. A amounts B corresponds C adds D contributes. 37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity ___with cancer-causing pathways. A coupled B stained C associated D integrated 38. It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded security beyond what was really ____ A called for B called forth C called up D called at 39. The display of goods needs to be ___with thestore?s atmosphere. A persistent B existent C insistent D consistent 40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an ____life.A externalB originalC eternalD optimal Part II. Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth. According to 41 , there are over 13 billion chicken ! And its meat is to popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are consumed each year.42 , hens produce some 600 billion eggsa year worldwide. The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of chickens and eggs became a commercial 44 . Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised bymillions of households for domestic and commercial use. Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of the most successful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for just one person to care for from 25, 000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds. Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off---- some as 48 of the deadly disease ----the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases. 50 this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to helpeducate farmers in many countries. 41. A estimates B evaluations C judges D legislations 42. A Surprisingly B Essentially C Additionally D Generally 43. A up till B rather than C out of D not until 44. A investment B venture C administration D adventure 45. A by far B by and by C for good D for all 46. A that B those C them D it 47. A conceal B condemn C commence D command 48. A witnesses B sacrifices C donations D victims 49. A know-how B how-so C in-the-know D how-come 50. A Because of B Due to C For D As Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points 1 point each) Passage One Of all the accessories and adornments to clothes, one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting,replaced by zip fasteners or hood and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button. Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on cloths became a craze---- not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms; penalty for disobedience---- a sound whipping. How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate! Most of the buttonson modern clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men?s coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs. On the tails of a modern tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm?s way. With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons. 51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons? A They have little function. B They are the only useful accessory. C They receive the least attention among accessories. D Theyare one of the best adornments to any clothes. 52. According to the author, ____ A buttons are used as ornaments only in modern times. B buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th century. C buttons were used as ornaments before the 13th century.D buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history. 53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ________ A were a symbol of wealth.B were occasionally put on clothes.C began to have practical functions.D represented the wearer?s artistic taste 54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once ___ A loved by every citizen .B banned because they were a craze.C considered harmful and nobody wore them.D forbidden on the upper arms.55. It seems to the author that buttons ____A are worth a second look.B have never served any functionC should notbe sewed on coats. D play an important role in our lives. 56. Male and female dress is now buttoned __________ A on the right side B on the left side C on different sides C on the same sides. Passage Two Behind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when finally clean up our act. If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn?t apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage? To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with badhabits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself, provided the damage is not too great. The effects of some bad habits ---smoking, in particular---can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed. “Any time you improve your behaviour and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on,” says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It?s like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance. “ But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research: ---- A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that women who eat less than one serving of fish a month. ---- The day you quitsmoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline. Adopting healthy habits won?t cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that many chronic diseases ----from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers---- can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle. Not sure where to start? Surprisingly, it doesn?t matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make enough changes, and you?ll discover you?ve adopted a new way of life. 57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that ____ A they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decades. B their bodies can?t be damaged by the bad habits. C their bodies can heal all the damage without thehelp from outside. D they can force themselves to clean up the bad habits later.58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible ____ A is seldom apparent . B is clearly shown in the mirror. C will appear obvious sooner or later. D is still a question. 59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits _______ A when the damage is not very serious. B no matter how serious the damage is. C after we have dropped our bad habits. D much more slowly than we think. 60. According to the recent announcements, ____ A women should eat as much fish as possible. B women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than men.C eating a little more fish can improve women?s health.D men don?t have to eat as much fish as women. 61. It is implied in the passage that _____ Asmokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokers. B the blood of smokers is more sticky than that of non-smokers. C smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smoking. D chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking.62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _____ A when we should start quitting our bad habits. B it doesn?t matter how we start quitting our bad habits.C that making enough changes will make doctors unnecessary to us.D it?s never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestyle. Passage Three Our true challenge today is not debts and deficits or global competition but the need to find a way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet?s biosphere, which supports all life. Humanity has never before faced such a threat: the collapse of the very elementsthat keep us alive. An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance, you might assume that they are readily available and, better yet, that you may pick from a wide variety. But do you know that there are far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100 years ago? Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter? In the 1840?s, Ireland?s population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called lumpers was the most widely grown. In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight struck and wiped out almost the entire crop. “Most of Ireland survived that difficult year,” wrotePaul Raeburn in his book The Last Harvest ----The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy Am erican Agriculture. “The devastation came the next year. Farmers has no choice but to plant the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this time with overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.” Historians estim ate that up to 1 million people died of starvation, while another million emigrated, most to the United States. Those remaining suffered from crushing poverty. In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to disease or pests, which can destroyan entire regions? harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides , even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous. Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting, attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But theses trends may be destroying man?s own food supply. 63. The main idea of the passage is __________ A It is important to protect the earth?s bio-diversity. B man is destroying his own food supply.C we now have fewer bio-species than before.D numerous strains of plants can resist plagues. 64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United States ___________ A it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant family. B over80% of its varieties have been destroyed.C we have done our best to protect it.D it is as wide as it was 100 years ago.65. The author tells the story in Ireland in the 1840?s to show that _________ A farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South America. B potatoes should not be grown as a dietary mainstay. C lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoes. D bio-diversity is essential to life on earth.66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840?s__________ A caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedly. B caused Ireland?s population to decline by half. C destroyed the whole Irish agricultural tradition. D seriously devastated Ireland?s economy. 67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants_________ A ward off some disastrous diseases and pests. B resist natural disasters such asdroughts. C withstand the harmful effect of pesticides. D yield bumper harvests. 68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties with one uniform crop? A They want to make more money. B They want to have a higher output. C They want to prevent the destruction of human food. D They want to make their products more attractive. Passage Four It is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A man?s purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children. Okay, so that?s the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But whatis it about a man?s lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well , men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease of stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises “good” cholesterol. As Perls?s study points out: “Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and violent behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a ?testosterone storm.? Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, su icide….and drownings.” While all this jumpingfrom tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn?t account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown its? true. If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New England Centenarian Study, the largestcomprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer?s. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92 , and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. “Centenarians disprove the perception that ?the older you get, the sicker you get.? Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier you?ve been.” 69. This passage mainly discusses ________ A why women lead a healthier life than men.B how women can live longer and stay healthy.C what keeps men from enjoying a longer life span.D whether men?s life style leads to their early death.70. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the relative longevity of women overmen? A Their natural urge to remain healthy. B Their greater natural drive to pass on genes. C Their need to bear healthy offspring. D Their desire to have more children. 71. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dwelle r past” to __________ A support the argument about women?s role in rearing children.B summarize a possible cause of different life expectancies.C challenge the theory about our ancestor?s behaviour patterns.D illustrate the history of human evolution process. 72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that _______ A increases as men grow older. B reduces risk factors in male behaviour. C leads to aggressive behaviour and heart disease.D accounts for women?s dislike for violent films. 73. Compared with women, men as a whole ____. A suffer from depression more often. B suffer fromdiseases later than women. C are reluctant to have physical checkups. D are not affected by violent movies. 74. Centenarians refer to people who ____ A live longer than females. B live at the turn of the century. C are extremely independent. D are a hundred years or older. Passage Five Last year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new features in high-end cars: the Onstar personal security system. The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cell-phone, to a member of the Onstar staff. A Global Positioning System, or , helps the employee give verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, orhonk the horn to help people find their cars in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the company can track it to help arrest the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month. But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car?s security features, the less secure he felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else---- law enforcement officers, or hackers----could listen in one his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. “While I don?t believe intentionally designed this system to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy,” he said.Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court case involving a criminalinvestigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal which company was involved. A three-judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the safety services. Onstar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An Onstar spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam?s worries were overblown. The signals that the companyCentenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer?s. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent forthe vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92 , and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. “Centenarians disprove the perception that ?the older you get, the sicker you get.? Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier you?ve been.” 69. This passage mainly discusses ________ A why women lead a healthier life than men. B how women can live longer and stay healthy. C what keeps men from enjoying a longer life span. D whether men?s life style leads to their early death. 70. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following is a major factor contributing to the relative longevity of women over men? A Their natural urge to remain healthy. B Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.C Their need to bear healthy offspring.D Their desire to have more children. 71. The author mentions “the legacy of ourcave-dwelle r past” to __________ A support the argument about women?s role in rearing children. B summarize a possible cause of different life expectancies. C challenge the theory about our ancestor?s behaviour patterns.D illustrate the history of human evolution process. 72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that _______ A increases as men grow older. B reduces risk factors in male behaviour. C leads to aggressive behaviour and heart disease. D accounts for women?s dislike for violent films. 73. Compared with women, men as a whole ____. A suffer from depression more often. B suffer from diseases later than women. C are reluctant to have physical checkups. D are not affected by violent movies. 74. Centenarians refer to people who ____ A live longer than females. B live at theturn of the century. C are extremely independent. D are a hundred years or older. Passage Five Last year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new features in high-end cars: the Onstar personal security system. The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cell-phone, to a member of the Onstar staff. A Global Positioning System, or , helps the employee give verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car hasbeen stolen, the company can track it to help arrest the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month. But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car?s security features, the less secure he felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else---- law enforcement officers, or hackers----could listen in one his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. “While I don?t believe intentionally designed this system to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy,” he said.Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal which company was involved. Athree-judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the safety services. Onstar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An Onstar spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam?s worries were overblown. The signals that the company。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解 .doc

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解（完整版）注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] warning【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

首句说：人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。

该句含义为：现在也是如此，学者们再次_______技术正在取代人类劳动。

从句为负向，故首先排除boasting吹嘘，ensuring确保。

Denying否认与首句中心句相冲突，故答案为Warning警告，语义逻辑通顺。

2、【答案】[A] inequality【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：“一些人认为即将来临的不用工作的世界通过______来定义。

少数的富人拥有所有的财富，而大多数人则在一片贫穷的荒芜之地中挣扎着生存。

”后一句话为对前一句的解释，所以这是一个不平等的世界，选inequality。

3、【答案】[D] prediction【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：一个不同的，而并不相互排斥的_______认为未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地。

此处，prediction（语言）呼应了文中future （未来），为最佳选项，且代入原文语义通顺。

Policy政策，guideline指导方针，resolution 决心，在此处都不符合题意。

4、【答案】[A] characterized【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

前文说一种与众不同的荒芜之地，one为同位语补充说明荒地特征。

该句含义为：未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地，一个以漫无目的性________的荒芜之地。

Be characterized by以……为特征，此处purposelessness（漫无目的）的确是一种特征，故该选项为正确答案。

Divide分割，measure测量，balance 平衡，均语义不通。

5、【答案】[B] meaning【解析】此处考察词义辨析及词义复现。

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2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案Part II Vocabulary (10minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The vast crowd bust into spontaneous cheering at the skillful play.A earnestB volcanicC heartyD automatic22. Not everyone in the intelligence community was convinced the document was genuine.A standardB validC neatD lucid23. They found substantial evidence that exposures to nerve gas was responsible for the veterans’ symptoms.A contactB betrayalC exhibitionD publication24 The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others consult adoption facilitators in the United States.A confidentB justifiedC sensibleD potential25. This patient must on no account be left unattended, even for one minute.A not repeatedlyB not in any circumstancesC without any reasonD with no explanation.26. Only a few Furgans remain alive today, a fading anthropological link with the first native Americans.A condescendingB amplifyingC prosperousD vanishing27. He was as deliberate in his speech as he was in his work, weighing his words momentously, even if they were only going to add up to a casual remark.A a wittyB an indifferentC an offendingD a humorous28. Embarrassed, he slung her over his shoulder and made a hasty exit.A turnB leapC speechD leave29. Eighty-five percent of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant by InfoTech, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.A inspectedB registeredC votedD nominated30. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is being destroyed.A mateB prayC territoryD enemySection B (0.5point each)31. Mourinho is a young and ___coach who is prepared to lead his team to win the championship in his first season.A clumsyB humorousC ambitiousD intimate32. Just wait for one second, I am ____ready.A all butB all overC at allD at any moment33. If you can’t think of anywhere to go on Saturday, we ___as well stay home.A shouldB mightC canD need34. A nation that does not know history is ___ to repeat it.A discouragedB characterizedC linkedD fated35. They preferred a British Commonwealth or European arrangement, because this was substantially ____their British thinking.A in touch withB in line withC with relation toD with reference to36. The traffic accident that delayed our bus gave us a ___ reason for being late.A promptB vagueC irritableD legitimate37. The United States has 10 percent of the total petroleum _____of the world in its own territory, and has beena major producer for decades.A reservoirsB reservationsC reservesD reproductions38. This is the world’s first accurate ___ model of human heart in computer.A settingB laboringC showingD working39. In 2000 I visited Berkeley, where I began my long ___ with this world famous university.A interactionB nominationC reconstructionD association40. ___, ads for phony business opportunities appear in the classified pages of daily and weekly newspapers and magazines , and online.A SpeciallyB TypicallyC EspeciallyD CommonlyPart IIICloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Earthquakes have never really affected Hong Kong, but this has not been the case on the mainland, where their effects through history have often been devastating, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.In ancient China, earthquakes were occasionally followed by riots and rebellions, so it was important for the emperor to find out about quakes in remote parts of the country as soon 41 occurred. This was 42 far from easy in an age before modern telecommunications.In the year 132 AD, however, the scientist and inventor, Zhang Heng, devised a forerunner of the modern seismograph ( an instrument used by scientists to detect earthquakes). 43 only could it detect a distant earthquake as it happened, but it could 44 in which direction the epicenter of the quake lay.The machine, was from metal, was almost two meters 445, and shaped like a vase. There were dragons’heads around the rim, each with a metal ball in its mouth. The ball were balanced 46 when the earth moved slightly, one of them would fall into the mouth of a metal toad at the base of the vase. 47 creating a loud noise to raise the alarm. The direction of the earthquake was indicated by 48 ball fell, and a special mechanism ensured that only one ball could fall.The device was viewed with considerable suspicion and doubt 49 especially since the first time it dropped a ball, no shock could be felt. But people changed their minds a few days later, when a messenger 50 news of an earthquake 700km away.41. A as it B if they C as they D that it42. A naturally B obvious C clear D hardly43. A But B Not C Yet D If44. A show besides B have to show C also indicate D also displaying45. A across B through C length D width46. A in order to B carefully if C delicately D so that47. A besides B thereby C resulting D furthermore48. A whichever B how C whenever D the49. A to begin B besides C initially D first50. A would bring B brought C carrying D had carriedPart IVReading Comprehension ( 45minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage 1In a new book published this month called Gray Dawn, Peter G. Peterson predicts that in less than 25 years, senior citizens will comprise more than 18 percent of the entire U.S. population ----the same proportion as in Florida today. Put another way, that means that early in the 21st century, there will be more grandparents than grandchildren. Peterson, a former secretary of Commerce under Nixon, is primarily concerned with what the aging of America---a product of both longer life spans and falling birthrates---means for Social Security and Medicare. But the social ramifications will be at least as profound as the economic ones. Will all those seniors shift the balance of political power? How will Hollywood executives, funeral directors and the auto industry change their products to meet the demands of a markedly older public? Because women tend to outlive men, will an older America also be significantly more female? In short, what will America be like when we all become aSenior Nation?Anyone who has visited West Palm Beach or Tucson knows part of the answer, lots of people driving very slowly in big cars on their way to early-bird dinners. But that’s only the most broad-brush observation. The political changes alone will be enough to bury all those stereotypes about the feeble elderly. Peterson estimates that by 2038, people 64 and older will make up 34 percent of the electorate-up from only 16 percent in 1966. you think Social Security is a sacred cow now? And the battle over entitlements may get uglier. The 65-plus population is about 85 percent white. The younger generations---the ones footing the seniors’ bills---are much more racially mixed. “What you’ve got is an overwhelmingly white generation with enormous influence, asking African-Americans, Hispanics and Asians to support them for decades,” says Ken Dychtwald, president of Age Wave, a consulting firm that focuses on the maturing marketplace. “The tension becomes not only generational but racial.”51. What is true of American population?A Florida’s population is 18% of the entire U.S. population.B American people will represent 18% of the world’s population.C American population will increase by 18% early in the next century.D Senior citizens will outnumber teenagers in less than 25 years in the U.S.52. According to Peterson, the aging of America is caused by ___A social security and medicareB shift in the balance of political powerC longer life spans and falling birthratesD social ramifications as well as economic ones53. Who is Peter G. Peterson?A a funeral director.B A Hollywood executiveC A secretary of CommerceD The author of G ray Daw n.54. Gray Dawn probably refers to the fact that ____A the younger generations are much more racially mixed.B the U.S will be significantly more female in the next century.C the stereotypes about the feeble elderly are being dispersed by political changes.D the U.S is entering a stage when they are more grandparents than grandchildren.55. What is the best title for the passage?A The U.S--- A Senior NationB The Senior Boom is ComingC A Book Called Gray DawnD Generational and Racial TensionPassage 2Weary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was to start today in The Hague, Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.In the Netherlands---half of which lies below sea level---the Ministry of Water Management has designated several low-lying regions as “calamity flood plains” that would be used in emergencies to divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans Scholoten said.Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier, Undersecretary for Water Management Monique de Vries said: Hans Brinker will have to take his finer out of the dike and pull on his galoshes.”Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages, repeated flooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a rethinking about the old methods.“Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to ignore the processes of nature,”said Bert Blasé, spokesman for an association of regional water boards. “Flooding certain nature reserve areas every few years would be good for the environment.” Part of the plan involves widening river beds to allow larger volumes of water to flow to the sea.Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the project--- some inhabitants would have to be relocated---large areas of the eastern Dutch province of Gelderland have been labeled as suitable.While flooding is a serious threat to the Dutch, global warming could expose many more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.More than 3,5000 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow-up to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.With one-sixth of the world’s population lacking clean drinking water, forum organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than doubled from about $70 billion or $80 billion to $180 billion.In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will meet to discuss sustainable water for the world’s growing population and farmers who grows crops for mass consumption.56. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?A To build more powerful dams.B To let the sea water in the inside.C To ignore the process of natureD To flood certain nature reserves.57. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero____.A In Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areas.B who took his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrier.C who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drowned.D a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in58. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the nation from possible sea floods?A To designate some low-lying regions as “calamity flood plains”.B To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.C To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.D To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.59. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water Forum EXCEPT_____A how to diver floodwaters from the populated areas of Holland.B how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the growing population.C how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops timely.D how to take measures to slow down the ever-accelerating global warming up tendency.60. The best way to paraphrase the sentence “Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to ignore the process of nature”is ____A Sometimes it’s no use ignoring the process of nature.B In some cases man can and must neglect the law of nature.C It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of natureD Man must always follow the way of how things are going onPassage 3“Refrigerator production in China jumped from 1.4million units in 1985 to 10.6million in 1998,” according to David Fridley, a researcher in the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.The Global Environmental Facility, through the United Nations Development Program, has decided to fund $9.3 million of the $40 million program to help the government of China transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when the EPA signed an agreement with the government of China to assist in the elimination of CFCs from refrigerators. Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, developing the market transformation program based on the success of the first phase of the project, which involved designing and testing CFC( echlorofluorocabon含氯氟烃)free,energy, efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be involved in training and working with the State Bureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are developed.“Market transformation,” Fridley explains, “is the process of shifting consumer demand for a product, in this case to a more energy efficient, environmentally favorable product through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the more efficient product.”“Collectively, we developed a technical training program for Chinese refrigerator manufacturers interested in developing CFC free, efficient refrigerators; a financial incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible; and a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators in bulk,”Fridley says.In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded an International Climate Protection Award by the EPA. “It is not widely known in the United States, but China has had an energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s,”says Mark Levine, Environmental Energy Technologies Division director and an advisor to the Chinese government on energy efficiency. “The government of China is committed to using energy more efficiently, and this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption.”“The Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. We are Berkeley Lab are graceful to have the chance to work with the people and government of China on this project, as well as on our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants,” adds Levine.61. The main idea of this passage is about _____A the refrigerator production in China supported by UN and USA.B the energy-efficient refrigerator project in China aided by the UN.C the American aid to the Chinese government in environmental protection.D the tremendous increase of China’s refrigerator production.62. From what the two American researchers said we can conclude that ____A the America experts working in the refrigerator project are disappointed at China’s refrigerator production.B the American researchers are particularly worried about China’s over-emission of CCFC into the air.C the American researchers in refrigerator technology enjoy their opportunity to work in China.D the American experts see China as the best place to increase their export of refrigerator technology.63. According to the Fridley, “Market transformation” means ____A giving a practical guide to the consumers’ needs as which products are better.B strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers to distinguish right products from the fake ones.C producing high-quality products that can reach the international standards for environmental protection.D trying to meet the demand of the consumers by improving the quality of products comprehensively.64 The pronoun “it” in the sentence “It is not widely known in the United States” (paragraph 5) may refer to ____A an International Climate Protection Award.B the EPA, that is, the U.S Environmental Protection AgencyC The refrigerator project that won the award.D The mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies.65. Why is the Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project of great significance to China’s further development?A Because the project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions.B Because the Chinese government is eager to improve its people’s living conditions.C Because the Chinese government is determined to protect the environment from being destroyed by industrial pollution.D Because the Chinese government is eager to up-to-date the production of its electronic industry.Passage 4By the mid-nineteenth century, in addition to its natural resources, the United States had accumulated enough capital in the form of factories to productively employ a large amount of labor, or human resources. A nation that still consisted largely of independent farmers could not provide an adequate labor supply for heavy industrialization. But millions of new workers came to the United States from abroad.As we are all aware, not all these workers arrived voluntarily. Slaves were brought from Africa to the South; they were put to work on plantations to extract maximum harvests from the cotton fields. But in the North, the machines that turned that cotton into textiles were worked by massive waves of immigrants who came willingly from one part of Europe after another. This vastly expanded pool of labor allowed from large leaps in our national output.A nation can’t grow forever by finding more natural resources and attracting more workers; thus, a country’s extensive growth will eventually slow. But intensive growth gradually appears as better use is made of the labor force. In the United States, in the mid-nineteenth century many of the newly arrived immigrants were unskilled and illiterate, but the education policy of their new land meant that their children all received an education, and many were trained in a skill. If a society gives workers more knowledge, they will be able to use machines in a more complex way and to follow more complex instructions, yielding manufactured goods of greater value; this process is often known as investing in human capital. In the late twentieth century, our physical capital is so abundant and our natural resources so limited that we are beginning to appreciate the importance of improving our human resources if we are to continue to grow.66. This passage mainly discuss the national output in terms of ________A the labor forceB natural resourcesC factoriesD immigration67. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 2) that the South’s contribution to the growth of industry in the mid-nineteenth century was mainly ________A raw materialsB skilled laborC manufactured goodsD industrial sites68. The phrase “massive waves of immigrants” in line 9 of the passage means that ____A many immigrants came by ship.B immigrant families stayed together.C groups of immigrants came at different times.D groups of immigrants were greeted enthusiastically.69. From the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century?A It was producing large amounts of manufactured goods.B It was largely agricultural.C It was fully industrializedD It was low in natural resources70. We can infer from the passage that intensive growth of a nation’s economy requires ____A expansion of resourcesB better use of the labor forceC attracting unskilled laborD limiting the human resources.71.According to the passage, what is the end goal of an investment in human capital?A Providing more valuable manufactured goods.B Educating immigrant families.C Training in use of complex machines.D Developing literacy for all.72. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 3) that in the mid-nineteenth century the United States placed a high value to ___A European tradeB educationC agricultureD development of natural resources.Passage 5Economists have received the unfair reputation of being unable to agree on anything. The image of economists in disagreement is part of our folklore. An English commentator wrote: “If parliament were to ask six economists for an opinion, seven answers could come back---two no doubt from the volatile Mr. Keynes.” The London Times laments the “rise in skepticism about what economists can tell us,” and Business week complains about “the intellectual bankruptcy of economics profession.”The image of widespread disagreement among economists is overrated. The result of a survey of 100 professional economists confirm that there is considerable agreement among economists about what can be done (positive economics), especially in a microeconomic context. However, there is more disagreement over what ought to be done . Questions of what ought to be done (Should we equalize the distribution of income? Should we increase defense spending?) require moral and political value judgments on which individuals naturally differ. Finally , disagreement among professional economists receives more publicity than other scientific professions, which contributes to the false image of economists in disaccord.While disagreements in other sciences are as strong or even stronger than in economics, these disagreements are less visible to the public eye. Theoretical physicists have disagreed about the physical nature of the universe since the foundations of physics, but this scientific controversy is understood by only a few theoretical physicists.It does not require much disagreement to bring disputes to the public’s attention. Everyone is interested in economic questions: Will inflation accelerate? Will I lose my job? Why is the price of gasoline rising so fast? Why are home mortgages so hard to come by? Economists do disagree, particularly on some big macroeconomic issues. But often what the public perceives as disagreements over positive economics are really disagreements over what ought to be. In general, there is more agreement than disagreement among economists.73. According to the passage, the commentator mentions Mr. Keynes as noted for his ____A good senseB inconsistency of opinionsC predictabilityD greediness74. According to the passage, positive economics is ____A an attempt to convince disgruntled economistsB statements in microeconomics about what is possible.C financial statements showing againD results of economic surveys75. The author believes that disagreement between economists is all of the following EXCEPT _____A naturalB exaggeratedC publicizedD nonexistent76. According to the passage, which of the following statements describes disagreements between theoretical physicists?A They are fairly recent situations.B They are not easily understood by non-physicists.C The public follows them intently.D They are not worthy of publication.77. The phrase “hard to come by” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____A badly advertisedB difficult to obtainC far awayD plentiful78. It can be inferred from the passage that economists find macroeconomic issues ___A more controversial than microeconomic issues.B easier to understand than positive economicsC similar to issues in theoretical physicsD not concerned with reality.79. The purpose of the author in this passage is to ___A point out a misconceptionB support a generalizationC elaborate on a mythD compare two views80. The author’s attitude toward economists in this passage is ____A sympatheticB criticalC indifferentD skepticalPaper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)The wise man knows the place of these things in the scheme of life as a whole. He knows that money and possessions are means, not ends. He knows the difference between pleasures of the moment and enduring satisfactions, between being great and being famous, between reverence and superstition, between solidity and show in literature, art and life. He knows that in the human lot some evils are unavoidable, that loss and disease and old age are bound to come; and he has made his peace with their coming.Section B ( 15minutes, 10 points)没有盼头的日子是苍白而且不可想象的人得天天有点什么盼头，生活才不至于暗淡．有了盼头，会觉得太阳每天都是新的．土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠；人没了盼，还剩什么？小盼头支撑人的一天，大盼头支撑人的一生．Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “Man’s Best Friend Is A Dog.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1.Dogs play an important part in many people’s lives2.There are some unpleasant aspects of dogs in society.答案：21—30：A C B A D C A B C D 31—40：B D A C A C D C B A41—50：B D C A C B A D B D 51—60：A D B C D C B A B D61—70：A D B A C D C D C D 71—80：C A A C A D C B C C五、英译汉聪明的人懂得整个人生布局中的一切事物各归其位。