定语从句-2-新-学生
英语定语从句的翻译(学生)
英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。
（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。
过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。
2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏，游戏从9月开始，11月结束。
B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
定语从句学生版
定语从句定语从句的考查在高考中主要出现在单选、改错中，也可用于作文中。
主要考查的知识点：(1)关系代词和关系副词的用法区别。
(2)只能用that/which引导定语从句的情形。
(3)介词加关系代词的用法。
(4) as和which引导非限制性定语从句(5)与句式、时态、主谓一致结合来考(6)与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句的区别解题时，首先要确定先行词，根据先行词在从句中所作的句子成分来判断该用关系代词还是副词，并且确定具体用哪个关系词。
如果从句中谓语动词为不及物动词，应考虑关系代词前该不该加介词。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which1.定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面，“…的”。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等在从句缺主语或宾语、表语的时候使用；关系副词：where, when, why。
例如：Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read.分析：that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。
关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that 人或物主语、宾语、表语（逗号后不能使用）which 物或主句内容（翻译成“这”）主语、宾语或定语（介词后或逗号后）who 人主语或宾语whom 人宾语（介词之后）whose 人或物（翻译成“谁的”）定语as 人或物或主句内容（翻译成“正如”）主语或宾语关系副词when 时间状语where 地点状语why 原因状语【练习】用适当的连接词填空(1) I will remember the days__________we spent together.(2) June 7 is the day ________we begin to take the college entrance examination.(3) This is the place___________we visited the day before yesterday.(4) This is the place _________ he worked for ten years.【解题技巧】规则1：用还原法：将先行词放入定语从句中，找到它的原有位置，判断它作什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。
专题 定语从句(学生)
专题6-定语从句定语从句的定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.2、关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。
）(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中，which可以做主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。
例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人做主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高中定语从句讲义(学生用)
高考定语从句专题讲解（一）定义及相关术语需要理解的概念定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
①数词作定语相当于形容词Two boys need two pens.（two修饰名词boy：two修饰名词pen）/两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
②代词或名词所有格作定语His son needs Tom's pen.（his修饰名词son；Tom’s修饰名词pen）/他的儿子需要Tom的钢笔。
③介词短语作定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（in the classroom 修饰名词boy；of yours 修饰名词pen）/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
④名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.（ball修饰名词pen）/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
⑤副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.（there修饰名词boy）/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
⑥不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.（to write this letter 修饰名词boy）/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
⑦分词（短语）作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（smiling 修饰名词boy；bought by his mother修饰名词pen）/那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
⑧定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.（who修饰名词boy；which 修饰名词pen）/那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
定语从句(学生版)
定语从句（一）识别和划出定语从句1.识别定语a clever/handsome boy the boiling water fallen leavesthe book on the desk the man standing over there stories in the Long March2.识别定语从句定语从句的定义：___________作定语, 用于修饰或限定整个主句或主句中的_______或______。
特点: 去掉从句之后, 剩余句子___________。
定语从句中的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词e.g. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）先行词：____________________________称为先行词。
上句中______________即为先行词。
关系词：重复______________指代，起连接______________的作用并且在定语从句中充当______________的连词。
上句中的______________即为关系词。
3. 划分定语从句起点：定语从句始于：关系词；介词+关系代词终点：定语从句截止于：______________；特殊符号；句末【过关检测】划出定语从句1.【★☆☆】The village lay near some wetlands which became his second home. （2020新高考全国I卷）2.【★☆☆】The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not.（2020全国卷2）3.【★☆☆】At all points in time, teachers regarded the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills.（2017 济南一中）4.【★☆☆】Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults. （2020全国卷3）5.【★★☆】In 2002, Mandela became a public supporter of AIDS knowledge and treatment programsin a culture where the disease had made people feel ashamed.（2018 省实验）6·But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. （2020山东）7·The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）8·Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. （2020全国卷2）9·Johnny also got me thinking about the smaller room that was now my home office. (2018济南）10.We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. （2020全国卷3）11.【★☆☆】And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）. （2020新高考全国I卷）12.【★☆☆】People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. （2020新高考全国I卷）（二）定语从句分类: 限定性定语从句VS 非限定性定语从句区别：1.形式上：有无_________；2.意义上：限定性定语从句起_________的作用；非限定性定语从句起_________的作用。
高考英语复习专题11——定语从句十大考点-学生
2025年高考一轮复习知识清单专题11定语从句八大用法归纳（讲案）（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）目录一、定语从句快问快答P2二、定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表P2 考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳P3 考点清单二、关系代词whose, who, w hom典型用法归纳P4 考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳P5 考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳P6 考点清单五、关系副词wh y 典型用法归纳P6 考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语P6 考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳P7 考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法归纳P8 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳P8 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查P9 分层训练（一）五年定语从句高考真题题组P9 分层训练（二）定语从句易混对比十组P11 分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格P12 分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格P13 分层训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空P13 神十七神十八两个乘组会师中国空间站P13一、定语从句快问快答Q1：什么叫定语从句？A1：顾名思义，定语从句就是一个从句在句中修饰一个名词或从句，起修饰、解释或限制作用。
Q2：什么是定语从句两要素？A2：一是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词，二是引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词或关系副词。
Q3：定语从句分哪两大类型？A3：根据功能，分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，后者前边往往有逗号隔开。
Q4：什么叫分割型定语从句？A4：一般来说，先行词后紧跟定语从句，有时二者被谓语或介词短语分隔开，构成分割型定语从句。
如：I was the only person (in my office) who was invited to the opening ceremony.Q5：定语从句关系代词有哪些？A5：定语从句关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as。
2. 定语从句 学生版
定语从句定语从句贯穿每份高考试卷，又是本次期末考试的重点。
[概念］在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做_________；被定语从句所修饰的词叫_________，一般有_________或_________来充当；定语从句一般放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫________，指代主句中的_________。
如：请根据自己对上述概念的理解，把主句、定语从句、引导词、先行词及从句中的句子成分标出来。
1) The number of people who lost homes reached 250,000.2) It sounded like a train which was going under the house.3) The boys who are playing football are from Class 8.4) The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.5) I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.6) Do you have any question about the attributive clause you can’t understand?7) October 1st, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.8) This is the school where we are studying.9) The reason why some students in Class 9 are always late for school is unknown.10) This is the house in which I was born.11) Water is very important to fish without which it can’t live.12) The teacher from whom I learn a lot is Mr Yu.［引导词］8个常见的引导词分为：关系代词___________________________________________(5个)关系副词___________________________________________（3个）二者区别和联系：____________________________________________________________________________ ［基本用法］一般情况下that可指_________，可以代替_________，在从句中作_________，但不能作介词的宾语。
定语从句翻译练习
定语从句翻译练习1.这就是救了孩子生命的医生自：思路：这就是医生（救了孩子生命的）自翻:This is the doctor who saved kid’s life（who做主语不可省）2.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生自：思路：她就是新学生（我要介绍给你的）自翻：She is the new student (who) I will introduce to you.（做宾语可省）3.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
自：思路：请递给我那本书（摆在桌上的）自翻:Please give me the book (which /that) on the desk ??????wrong订:Please give me the book which is lying on the desk （做主语不可省）4.汤姆买的小说很有意思。
自：思路：小说（汤姆买的）很有意思自翻：The novel( that/which)Tom bought is very interesting （做宾语可省）5.你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？自：思路：你能把那本杂志借给我吗（昨天谈到的）自翻：Can you borrow me that magazine (that/which)we talked about yesterday?Answer:This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life . 这就是救了孩子生命的医生She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you . 她就是我要介绍给你的新学生Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的小说很有意思。
专题 09定语从句(学生卷)--十年(2015-2024)高考真题英语分项汇编(全国通用)
十年（2015-2024）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）专题09定语从句2024年1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands____63____a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯)the steps along the Silk Route ____64____brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the_____65_____(rich) of gardening in England.2.【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the____49____（large）United States national park—2.2million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,_____50_____became a national monument in1978,took the honors as a national park in1980with12.3million acres.3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu,___36___is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia,”add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.4.【2024北京卷】Tinniswood,___17___doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks,credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.“If you eat too much or do too much of anything,you’re going to suffer eventually,”he said.5.【2024浙江1月卷】Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way____38____will make them the most money.2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place____43____welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with21st-century architectural____44____(wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color lookedjust perfect.3.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America,___44___all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,___45___(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables.4.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,___43___Rachel Carson says in“A Fable for Tomorrow.”...5.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America,___44___all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,___45___(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables.6.【2023年全国甲卷】She even played some recordings of their singing,what was fun.7.【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,____18____thousands were attending a water conference.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2【2022全国甲卷】On the1,100.Kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,_________lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed40cities and counties in three province.3【2022年浙江1月】Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics__________are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.4.【2022年北京卷】That includes cups,bottles,and bags,most of____18____are only good for one use.5.【2022年天津卷第二次】Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler,________routes round a city or a site are often suggested.A.for whichB.with whichC.for whomD.with whom2021年1.【2021.1浙江卷】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool2gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.2．【2021年天津卷第一次】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes________we can learn without repeating them.A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom3.【2021年天津卷第二次】In the spring,a season________we are1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which4.【2021.3天津卷】At the Chinese art festival,there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when2020年1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot63.it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.3.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】In ancient China lived an artist61.paintings were almost lifelike.The artist’s reputation hadmade him proud.4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】But he insists on us eating healthy food.Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷（山东卷）】The80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,38.(form) the core collection of the British Museum39.opened in1759.6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ卷(海南卷)】The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.7.【2020年天津卷第一次】Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early1990s,____________he gave it to his grandson.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who8.【2020年江苏卷】Many lessons are now available online,from_____students can choose for free.A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.whom2019年1.【2019年全国卷Ⅰ】One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Now Irene Astbury works from9am to5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have3.【2019年全国卷III】They were well trained by their masters___64___had great experience with caring for these animals.4.【2019年全国卷III】In the cafe,customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.5.【2019年北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those___9___are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).6.【2019年浙江卷6月】Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways,A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth___58___gives off light in the dark.7..【2019年江苏卷】We have entered into an age_______dreams have the best chance of coming true.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that8.【2019年天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________she can say individual words but not full sentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what2018年1.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.2.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005—when the government___68___(start)a soil-testing program___69___gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and2011, fertilizer use dropped by7.7million tons.3.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since2011,the country___4.【2018年浙江卷6月】Many westerners57come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap58can be to eat out.5.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,70is not good for the health.6.【2018年天津卷】Kae,_________sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.A.whomB.thatC.whoseD.her2017年1.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.2.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】But Sarah,64has taken part in shows along with top models,wants65(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her66(educate).3.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.4.【2017年浙江卷】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got63(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,64it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.5.【2017年北京卷】The little problems___________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when6.【2017年江苏卷】In1963the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of____________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.whichB.itsC.whoseD.whom7.【2017年天津卷】My eldest son,___________work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.A.thatB.whoseC.hisD.who2016年1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】But my connection with pandas goes back64my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65I was the first Western TV reporter66(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area....Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.3.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,67lived from roughly551to479B.C.,influenced the68(develop)of chopsticks.4.【2016年四川卷】The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.5.【2016年天津卷】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_____________the weather may be better.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when6.【2016年北京卷】I live next door to a couple________children often make a lot of noise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which7.【2016年江苏卷】Many young people,most_________were well-educated,headed for remote regions tochase their dreams.A.of whichB.of themC.of whomD.of those2015年1.【2015年新课标Ⅰ卷】I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River64are pictured by artists in so many Chinese65(painting).3.【2015年北京卷】Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,you can hear some lovely music.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where4.【2015年福建卷】China Today attracts a worldwide readership,__________shows that more and morepeople all over the world want to learn about China.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which5.【2015年湖南卷】It is a truly delightful place,________looks the same as it must have done100years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.A.asB.whereC.thatD.which6.【2015年江苏卷】_____Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How7.【2015年陕西卷】As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when8.【2015年四川卷】The books on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.A．which B.what C.whose D.that9.【2015年天津卷】The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere___________his employees enjoy their work.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who10.【2015年浙江卷】Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A.asB.whoseC.in whichD.at which11.【2015年重庆卷】He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of____were published in the1990s.A.whomB.whichC.themD.that。
定语从句用法详解(最新独家例句)
定语从句用法详解（最新独家例句）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句属于形容词性从句。
定语从句所修饰的词，语法上叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词后面，由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词where, when和why引导从句。
对中学生来说，定语从句是英语语法中最难的存在，为什么？因为关系代词和关系副词一方面要引导定语从句，另一方面它们还指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，状语或定语。
这是我们掌握定语从句的关键。
所以在定语从句中要选择关系代词和关系副词，就要看它指代的先行词在从句中充当什么成分：一、在从句中做主语或宾语1，先行词是人，在从句中做主语，用who或that引导：There are social media celebrities who build followings by sharing emotionally appealing lies. 有些网红通过分享煽情的谎言来吸引粉丝关注。
As anyone who has ever had a toothache knows, nothing is more miserable than problems with your teeth.任何一个牙痛过的人都知道，没有什么比牙齿问题更痛苦的了。
Mothers who are interested in losing weight after giving birth to a baby need to take a multidimensional approach to solving the problem.有兴趣在生完孩子后减肥的母亲需要采取多方面的方法来解决这个问题。
A thousand years ago，they didn’t have comedians, but they had people who looked at things in different ways.千年前，没有喜剧演员，但他们有以不同方式看待事物的人。
定语从句新 2
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her
The girl
we saw yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
分解
I know the girl.
名词所有格
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
关系代词小练
• 1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father?
定语从句
The Attributive Clause
• 定语从句定义：
• 是指在复合句中， • 修饰___名词___或___代词___的从句. • 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代 • 词叫做“__先行词_____ ”. • 引导定语从句的词叫“__关系词______ ”
定语从句知识点清单
• （1）掌握关系代词
主语从句注意事项
宾语从句注意事项
二、宾语从句的注意事项
表语从句注意事项
三、表语从句的注意事项 表语从句常位于连系动词 be, look, remain, seem 等之 后，其连接词还可以有 as if/though, becau位语从句 同位语从句是在主从复合句中，解释说明某一抽象名 词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般由that引导，that不 作句子成分，无语义，但也不可省略，也可由连接代词(如 what, which, who)、连接副词(如when, where, why, how)或 whether引导。
【中考英语复习之语法过关(人教版)】课时10 定语从句(学生版及答案)
第十课时定语从句定语从句是中考考的重点，备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面：①正确使用关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)①介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句①that不能引导非限制性定语从句A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.先行词主语谓语宾语1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。
Many life’s problems which were solved by asking family members，friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.(一个短语)许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
I took an old man to hospital in a taxi immediately，which was why I was late that morning.(一个完整的句子)我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。
2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。
Beijing，which is the capital city of China，is a very beautiful city.↓代指Beijing，在从句中作主语1.关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。
定语从句教学设计学情分析 定语从句优秀课件及教案
定语从句教学设计学情分析定语从句优秀课件及教案学情分析：学生对于英语语法知识的掌握程度较低，对于定语从句的理解和运用经验较少。
因此，需要通过教学来帮助学生理解和掌握定语从句的用法和特点。
教学目标：1. 知识目标：学生能够理解和运用定语从句的用法。
2. 能力目标：学生能够正确地使用定语从句来修饰名词。
3. 情感目标：激发学生学习英语语法的兴趣，培养学生的语言运用能力。
教学重难点分析：定语从句的特点和应用是本次教学的重点。
相对于学生来说，掌握定语从句的引导词、句型和用法是比较困难的。
教学过程设计：Step 1：引入定语从句（15分钟）1. 引导学生回顾复习所学过的关于名词和形容词的知识。
2. 提出以下问题：What is a relative clause? Do you know what a relative clause does?（亲戚从句是什么？你知道亲戚从句的作用是什么吗？）3. 引导学生通过思考和讨论的方式来了解定语从句的定义和作用。
Step 2：定语从句的引导词（20分钟）1. 将定语从句的引导词分类，并与学生一起复习所学过的关系代词和关系副词。
2. 通过具体的例子来帮助学生理解和记忆定语从句的引导词。
3. 给学生展示一份PPT，其中包括了常见的定语从句引导词和它们的用法。
Step 3：定语从句的句型（20分钟）1. 引导学生分析定语从句在句子中的位置和结构特点。
2. 给学生展示一些定语从句的句型，并通过例题和练习题来让学生感受句型的用法。
Step 4：定语从句的用法（20分钟）1. 通过具体的例子，向学生展示定语从句的用法和作用。
2. 引导学生分析定语从句与名词的关系，帮助学生理解定语从句在句子中的修饰作用。
3. 给学生展示一些常用的定语从句用法，并通过练习题来巩固学生的理解和记忆。
Step 5：巩固练习（15分钟）1. 给学生一些练习题，要求他们根据具体的语境来选择合适的定语从句。
(学生版)专题06 定语从句-备战2023年高考英语考试易错题
专题06 定语从句——备战2023年高考英语考试易错题【导入】“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that，非限制性定语从句中用who。
2．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom，非限制性定语从句中用whom。
3．如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that，非限制性定语从句中用which。
4．如果先行词指时间，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，定语从句中用when；如果先行词指地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，则定语从句中用where；如果定语从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。
5．无论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。
6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
技巧1 关系副词引导的定语从句1. Then the day came ______ I finally realized I had to make a change.【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：后来有一天，我终于意识到我必须做出改变。
分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为the day，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。
故填：when。
【答案】when先行词关系副词在从句中的作用与“介词＋关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time，when 作时间状语＝at/in/on/day，year等during which表示场所的名词：park，where 作地点状语＝in/at/to/on which place，country，house等表示理由的名词：thewhy 作原因状语＝for whichreason(1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point，position，situation, stage, state, case, scene，spot 等后也常用where引导定语从句。
英语初高衔接课---定语从句及其翻译 (学生版)
定语从句一，基本关系词的选择简述想到定语从句，大家就得有的一个概念就是它是形容词性从句，也就是说，定语从句是一个后置定语。
先行词是龙头，通过关系词后面连着一条长长的龙尾，这便是定语从句的一般形态。
所有的关系代词和关系副词回顾：◆提到定语从句，我们首先要映入脑海的是三大关系代词：which, who, that.定语从句有一个非常重要的特征就是关系词作宾语时可以省略，而且常常省略。
The story I heard yesterday is very excited!1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.2.The six blind men asked for money from those ______ passed by.3.Ms Chancery is the teacher _______ I like best .）4.Is this the book ______ you wanted to borrow last time? ）5.Can you tell me the name of the museum ______ you visited last month?6.Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his absence.7.Are you pleased with all ______ I have said?8.The two things ______ they felt very proud of were their house and the diamond ring.9. Is this the calculator ______ you borrowed from Jane?10. The years and months ______ we spent together are really wonderful to us all.练习：Fill in the blanks with all the possible answers二：只能用that和只能用which的情况（最）先行词被形容词最高级或被the only,the very, any, few, little, no ,all, one of等修饰时It is the most important task that should be finished soon.（这是必须马上完成的任务。
2023-2024 学年高中语法专项练习单选100题-定语从句-学生版
2023-2024 学年高中语法专项练习单选100题-定语从句1. He went far into the forest by himself，_____ he was likely to be attacked by wild animals.（）A. whomB. whereC. whenD. which2. The couple in the next room are always quarreling these days, and I've come to the point _____ I can't stand it any longer.（）A. whereB. whyC. whichD. as3. My brother wrote the things and people______he was interested in.（）A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whom4. At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ______ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when5. William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ______ we can learn without repeating them.A. from whichB. in whichC. with whomD. for whom6. What puzzles Lily's friends is ______ she always has so many crazy ideas.A. whetherB. whyC. whatD. when7. In the spring, a season ______ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which8. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ______ he gave it to his grandson.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who9. Professor Smith insists on the truth_________ it is only by studying bones of ancient people________we can reveal the mystery.A. that; thenB. /; thatC. that; thatD. that; when10. It was in the new hall _______was just setup last month________we held an important meeting yesterday.A. that, thatB. where, thatC. where, whenD. which, when11. More than one boy of your members ______ to act in the short play, which is ______ tomorrow.A. are; to be performedB. are; to performC. is; to be performedD. is; to perform12. The first person ______ was Tony Cassia, ______ was from the UK.A. arrive; whichB. arriving; whichC. to arrive; whoD. arrived; who13. The reason ________ he explained was________ he was ill and unable to go to school.A. why; thatB. why; becauseC. which; becauseD. which; that14. There are two desks in my study, ________ belongs to my daughter.A. the smaller of thatB. the smaller of whichC. the smaller of whoseD. the smaller of them15. The employers often give the job to______ they believe has work experience with strong sense of duty.A. whoeverB. whoC. those whoD. whomever16. It was ______ a big decision ______ most students have to make before graduation.A. so; thatB. such; thatC. such; asD. so; as17. I don't like _____ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which18. 下列句子正确的是？A. He is the man who often helps me with my English.B. I will always remember the days which we stayed together last summer.C. It is the most interesting that I have ever seen the movie.D. You are the who I always respect.19. I don't like ______ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which20. Is this factory ______ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one21. Are there any courses ______ who have to work at daytime?A. for thoseB. in thoseC. of thoseD. for that22. That is the very book______ I am looking for.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as23. The babies ______ are very healthy.A. after whom the nurses lookB. whom the nurses look afterC. whom the nurses lookD. whom the nurses look after them24. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.A. that whichB. one thatC. that of whichD. this of which25. ---Tom, we will see the film Jiangziya this evening. Would you like to join us?---I ______ it. I think it is one of the best films ______ this year.A. saw; that are shownB. have seen; that have been shownC. will see; that has been shownD. have seen; which have been shown26. Miss Xiang is a great teacher________ always makes her classes lively.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whom27. As well as competitions, there are events such as poetry salons______ you can share poems with others.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. what28. Bear in mind___________ there is a will there is a way, so it is never too late to start so long as you are_____ready to give yourself an opportunity.A. that; soB. where; tooC. that where; tooD. that if; so29. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of _______ recovered.A. whoB. themC. whomD. which30. I am always grateful for Mr. Vamp, __________ warning I would have been drown in the river the way __________ other children did.A. with whose; /B. whose; in whichC. without whose;D. without whose; what31. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.A. whichB. whereC. whoseD. that32. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where33. The Great Wall is so good a place ________ many foreign people come to visit ________ it has become well known all over the world.A. as；asB. that；thatC. as；thatD. that；as34. Can you see that building ______ by trees That's ______ we study.（）A. surrounded；whichB. surrounding；whereC. to be surrounded；in whichD. surrounded；where35. This is one of the most popular books ________ this year.（）A. which have been publishedB. which has been publishedC. that have been publishedD. that has been published36. The hotel offers a friendly atmosphere _______ people can relax themselves and talk with each other at ease.（）A. whichB. whereC. whenD. that37. Many of us find peace in winter，a season___________ we appreciate an atmosphere of calmness and self-reflection.（）A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when38. The Water World Recreation Center has many attractions, from simple swimming pools to excitingwater thrill rides.A. rangingB. rangedC. which are rangedD. that range39. Now the college years are becoming an ______period of adolescence (青春期), during ______many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.A. extending; thatB. exaggerated; thatC. extended; whichD. exaggerating; which40. The reason _____ some people pay more attention to their appearance is _____ they care much more about what other people think of them.A. why; thatB. why; becauseC. for; thatD. that; that41. We cannot accept a society _____ the rich enjoy comfort _____ the poor have to suffer.A. which; whileB. where; whileC. that; whichD. where; that42. I will never forget such a beautiful village ________I spent my childhood with my grandparents.A. ThatB. whichC. asD. where43. I'm going to visit the factory ______ your brother worked a few years ago.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. from which44. Maggie and Jackson, _______ house we are making the party, are a very charming couple.A. whichB. from whichC. in whoseD. whose45. They talked about the people and things ______ they saw in that country.A. whenB. whoseC. whoD. that46. Have you ever had a case ________ someone accused your journalists ________ getting the wrong end of the stick（）A. when；withB. where；ofC. in which；withD. where；with47. The city ________ once I worked for ten years is no longer ________ it was.A. that; whatB. in which; thatC. where; whatD. /; that48. This is one of the best films ________.A. that has shown this yearB. that have shown this yearC. that has been shown this yearD. that have been shown this year49. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.A. whichB. whereC. whoseD. that50. The theory he sticks to _______ to be of no use in his new work ______ he finds it hard to fit in.A. is proved; whereB. proves; with whichC. proving; to whichD. prove; how51. The reason ______ he was late for class is ______ he didn't catch the first bus.（）A. why；becauseB. why；thatC. that；becauseD. which；that52. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to listen to some music and have a relaxation.（）A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which53. I'm very grateful to the boy_____bright smile gave me so much confidence.（）A. whoseB. whichC. whereD. when54. When I was young，my parents gave me an upbringing prepared me for the life challenges most of us have to face later in life.（）A. thatB. whatC. whereD. whose55. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which56. It was in the small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood.A. which; whereB. that; whereC. which; thatD. that; which57. There are some characters in Jane Austenˈs books in ________ lives a slight fall of snow is an event.A. herB. whomC. whoseD. their58. The teacher insisted that the student ________a chance to further his study because of his excellence，________ won the headmaster's approval.（）A. gave；thatB. giving；whichC. was given；whichD. be given；which59. _____is often the case，those without working experience are likely to be turned down when for a post.（）A. It，applyingB. As，applyingC. As，appliedD. It，applied60. As a child，John studied in a village school，___________is named after his grandfather.（）A. thatB. whereC. whenD. which61. Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article________Dr. Bethune, ________he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.A. in memory of, whichB. in the memory of, whoC. in the memory of, whomD. in memory of, where62. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.A. themB. thatC. whichD. whose63. _______ is known to all, good friends ________ happiness and value to life.A. It, add toB. As, addC. It, addD. As, add to64. When I went back to my hometown years later，I saw a beautiful park，had been a wasteland for many years.（）A. thatB. whoC. whenD. which65. Mr. Johnson, our teacher and friend, ________ invited to attend the meeting, ________ he would deliver a speech to the students.A. was; whichB. were; thatC. were; whereD. was; where66. Have you ever dreamed of singing in front of an audience of thousands at a concert，_______everyone is clapping and appreciating your music？（）A. whoB. thatC. whichD. where67. Sam manages the world with more ease than his elder brother，______frustrations often bring him to tears.（）A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. when68. Everything Everywhere Al1 At Once，Michelle Yeoh plays the laundromat owner with superpower in a different universe，won the best picture Oscar at the Academy Awards ceremony in Los Angeles，California.（）A. whichB. whenC. whereD. how69. _______ is known to the world, Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men's 110m hurdles at the Olympic GamesA. ThatB. WhichC. AsD. It70. New York, ________ I visited last year, is a nice old city.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. in which71. Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article______Dr.Bethune，______he praised Dr.Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.（）A. in memory of，which.B. in the memory of，whoC. in the memory of，whomD. in memory of，where72. It's widely known that basketball today started in the USA，_____ the game was given basic rules and still enjoys great popularity.（）A. whoB. whereC. whichD. that73. The sales director，_________communication ability is just as good as his sales skills，is a very promising young man.（）A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. where74. That same year，_______ was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary physics papers.（）A. whenB. whatC. thatD. which75. He arrived in New York in 2021, _________, some time later, he became a writer.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which76. There are totally three bedrooms in the house, the smallest of ______ is Mary's.A. themB. whichC. whomD. whose77. Jackson turned out at the Grammy Awards，________music artists are given an award for their artistic or technical achievement.（）A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whose78. People from the UK______" British "，______means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.（）A. called；thatB. calling；asC. to call；whatD. are called；which79. _____is often the case，the spectators continued celebrating their team's victory long after the match was over.（）A. WhichB. ItC. AsD. What80. ______ is mentioned earlier, the expert group has already been formed to investigate the issue.A. ThatB. WhichC. WhereD. As81. _________ is expected, he gave such an answer to the question.A. WhatB. ItC. ASD. Which82. These days，teachers have been sparing no efforts to create they hope will be the best means to improve the efficiency of online teaching，some students don't notice or care about，though.（）A. that，which B. what，which C. which，what D. what，that83. It was from Chang'an，_________ is now Xi'an，_________ Xuan Zang set out on his famous travels described in Journey to the West.（）A. where...from whichB. what...thatC. which...whereD. the place...where84. He was late again，________made the teacher________.（）A. who；annoyingB. which；annoyedC. that；annoyingD. that；annoyed85. He acquired at the fair some antique furniture, ______ was reasonable.A. and their priceB. of which priceC. the priceD. whose price86. Many young people, most ______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those87. These new neighbors，________ I was introduced yesterday，have come here from Singapore.（）A. with whichB. with whomC. to whichD. to whom88. Last winter，part of Britain was struck by snowstorms，from ________ effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot，especially those with children.（）A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. that89. The workers believe the assembly hall ________ the curtain need to be changed deserves ________.A. which; rebuildingB. of which; to be rebuiltC. whose; to be rebuiltD. of which; to build90. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.A. the price of whichB. which priceC. the price of whoseD. its price91. In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.（）A. for whomB. to whoC. to whomD. for who92. Röntgen discovered X-rays by accident when working in his lab，______ he won the Nobel Prize in 1901.（）A. to whichB. for whichC. on whichD. of which93. There are 53 students in our class，two-thirds ________ are Leagues members.（）A. by whomB. of thatC. on whichD. of whom94. The manager ________ company I worked last year has much experience in solving such a difficult problem.A. in whichB. in whoseC. whereD. whom95. A Disney-themed airplane, ________ body huge Mickey Mouse figures were painted, appeared in Shanghai.A. of whichB. across whoseC. across whichD. of whose96. The police were asking some witnesses about the direction ________ the thief had escaped.A. from whichB. in whichC. against whichD. under which97. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ______Chinese in the school, most ______were from Germany.A. studying; of whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. study; of whom98. The singer ______ we practised the most was Freddy.A. at whomB. with whichC. with whomD. at which99. "Never teach a child anything ______ you are not sure yourself"，said the expert to the parents．A. thatB. whatC. of whichD. which100. The great pianist performed in the center of stage, ______ command the keys were producing wonderful tunes.A. at whomB. at whoseC. in whomD. in whose。
高二学生必备语法知识—定语从句
高二学生必备语法知识—定语从句【考纲解读】定语从句是历年高考试题的考查热点之一,主要出现在“单项填空”､“完形填空”及“短文改错”等题型中｡其考点相对集中地考查非限制性定语从句､关系代词和关系副词的选用､定语从句中主谓语的一致关系以及“介词+ 关系代词”等;预计今后高考英语命题中定语从句将会侧重考查非限制性定语从句(特别是关系代词which与as 的选用);“介词+ 关系代词(which, whom等)”;定语从句与相似句式的用法区别等｡【知识点梳理】高二学生必备语法知识—定语从句：(一)主语和谓语一致1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
例如：The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2. 在one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3. 在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。
例如：This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.(二)关系代词的省略在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略;作宾语时在口语中可以省略。
在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。
例如：A plane is a machine that can fly.The finger(that)I put into my mouth was not the one(that)I had dipped into the cup.Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865.His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.(三)正确使用that 和which1. that 指物，有时也可以指人，which 指物，不能指人。
定语从句学生版
限制性定语从句考点一：关系代词关系代词在从句中的作用指代who 作主语人(可与that互换)whom 作宾语人（可省）which 作主语或宾语物(可与that互换)that 作主语或宾语人或物whose 作定语表所属（XX的）考点演练：1. Yesterday I went to the bookshop _____ is near the famous library.A. whereB. whic hC. whoD. when2. All the children like the teachers ______ can understand them.A. whichB. whomC. whatD. Wh o3. The house in ______ Lu Xun once lived is a museum at present.A. thatB. whic hC. whoD. where4. The first thing ______ we should do is to send the child to school.A. whoB. whichC. th atD. whom5. The doctor ______ you met yesterday is a friend of mine.A. whereB. whatC. WhenD. /6. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was po or.A. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. Who se7. Do you know that girl _______ wearing a red dress?A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. wh o’s8. You may borrow any book________.A. that you interestB. which you are interestedC. that interests youD. which interests youII.用适当的关系代词填空。
专题一定语从句 学生版
1．功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2．位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.3．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-，no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。
数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4．关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。
关系副词：when，where，why等。
5．确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.6．在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
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Passage
Translation
Temperature and Heat (Para.1) Because we are so familiar with the idea that heat is a form of energy, it may not be easy for us to sympathize with the struggles our predecessors had in understanding its nature. In particular, the hypothesis that heat is an invisible fluid called caloric is hard for us to take seriously, although it was not a bad notion when first proposed.
The resistance of a conductor also depends upon the material of which it is composed. 导体的电阻还取决于构成导体的材料。
●
(2)
“of which” acts as an attribute in the sub-clause— modifying the subject, object or predicative. When it modifies subject of the sub-clause, it means “其中”。
“which” modifies a part of the sentence ● Water changes to vapor at 100℃, which wood does not. 水在100℃时变成蒸汽，而木头则不 行。（ “which” 代替 “change to vapor at 100℃”）
● We can find a few conditions,
of which only two (=only two of which) are necessary. 我们能够找出几个条件，其中只有两个是 必要条件。
5. “which” introduces a nonrestrictive relative clause that modifies the whole sentence (or a part of it ) before (1) “which” modifies the whole sentence
14．The center of curvature (曲率) of a spherical concave mirror (球形凹面镜) is the center of the sphere of which the mirror is a part. 15．As the box moves under the influence of the net force (纯力)，the frictional force（摩擦力）usually drops to slightly less than its maximum value when the box is at rest. 16．The power input as computed by this equation may have a negative sign, which will be the case if the current is from b toward a.
●
1. The nucleus of a hydrogen atom is a single proton, outside of which is a single electron. 2. This acceleration is called the centripetal (向心的) acceleration of the particle, the symbol for which is ac. 3. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion. 4. Let V be a region of space, at every point of which the functions (函数) F and φ are continuous.
As has been described, transistors are current-control devices. 我们已讲过，晶体管是电流控制器件。 （ “as” acts as the subject of the relative clause）
●
This equation is of great help in solving problems on acceleration, as will be shown later. 以后会看到，这个式子对求解有关加 速度的题目是很有帮助的。（ “as” acts as the subject of the relative clause）
5. The properties of capacitors (电容器) are of interest partly because of their important practical applications, several of which we shall explore in Chapter 29. 6.Although a “real” battery is not ideal, there are many circumstances under which an ideal battery is a very good approximation (接近). 7.The choice of a refrigerant (制冷剂) depends on the precise kind of refrigerator involved and the temperatures between which it is to operate.
4. Relative clause beginning with “of which” (1) (“of” is related to some adjectives or verbs) be capable of / be made of/ be representative of/be made up of/ be descriptive of/be composed of/ be symptomatic of/consist of
“which” acts as the subject of the relative clause The main clause, which (shows / indicates / means/ implies / is…) ② “which” acts as the attribute of the prepositional object The main clause, in which case / at which time / during which time / by which time / for which reason…
Βιβλιοθήκη 10. When the nucleus of a lithium (锂) atom is struck by a rapidly moving proton (质子)，a momentary union of the two nuclei takes place, after which the compound nucleus breaks up into two alpha particles. 11. All matter consists of one or more basic materials called elements, of which there are over 100. 12. This goes on for a total of five time constants (时间常数), at which time the current is essentially at maximum value. 13．The average acceleration during the interval while the body moves from a to b is defined as the ratio of the change in velocity to the elapsed time.
①
“which” acts as the object of the preposition The main clause, from which / after which / because of which…（所以）/ as a result of which（所以）
③
(2)
Qr=200 is a slightly higher value than one would normally expect from an inductor (电感器). …数值略高于人们通常对电感器的期望值。 （“than” 在从句中作“expect” 的宾 语） ● That book presents results far more complicated cases than are presented here. 那本书讲述了比这里所述情况更为复杂的 情况。( “than” acts as the subject of the passive voice of the relative clause)
●
7.
Relative clauses introduced by “as” in the non-restrictive clauses Translation techniques: 正如… 那样的 / 这一点… ● As the title indicates, this chapter will primarily deal with series (级数) of complex numbers (复数). 正如标题所示，本章主要讨论复数的级数。 （ “as” acts as the object of “indicates” in the relative clause）