2020年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案
2020年大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套)
大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A）They came in five different colors. C）They were a very good design.B）They were good value for money. D）They were sold out very quickly.2. A）Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.B）Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.C）Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.D）Report her problem to the dorm management.3. A）The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B）He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C）Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D）The washing machine should be checked annually.4. A）The man fell down when removing the painting.B）The wall will be decorated with a new painting.C）The woman likes the painting on the wall.D）The painting is now being reframed.5. A）It must be missing. C）The man took it to the market.B）It was left in the room. D）She placed it on the dressing table.6. A）Go to a play. C）Book some tickets.B）Meet Janet. D）Have a get-together.7. A）One box of books is found missing. C）Replacements have to be ordered.B）Some of the boxes arrived too late. D）Some of the books are damaged.8. A）The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.B）The man did not expect his paper to be graded so soon.C）Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.D）Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A）To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.B）To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.C）To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.D）To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.10. A）To teach him how to use the kitchenware.B）To discuss cooking experiences with him.C）To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.D）To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.11. A）There are so many different sorts of knives.B）Cooking devices are such practical presents.C）A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.D）Saucepans and frying pans are a must in the kitchen.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A）Some new problems in her work. C）Her chance for promotion in the bank.B）Cooperation with an international bank. D）Her intention to leave her present job.13. A）The World Bank. C）A U.S. finance corporation.B）Bank of Washington. D）An investment bank in New York.14. A）Supervising financial transactions.B）Taking charge of public relations.C）Making loans to private companies in developing countries.D）Offering service to international companies in the United States.15. A）It is a first major step to realizing the woman’s dream.B）It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.C）It is a loss for her current company.D）It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A）Carry out a thorough checkup. C）Keep extra gas in reserve.B）Try to keep the gas tank full. D）Fill up the water tank.17. A）Attempting to leave your car to seek help.B）Opening a window a bit to let in fresh air.C）Running the engine every now and then.D）Keeping the heater on for a long time.18. A）It exhausts you physically. C）It causes you to lose body heat.B）It makes you fall asleep easily. D）It consumes too much oxygen.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A）They are very generous in giving gifts.B）They refuse gifts when doing business.C）They regard gifts as a token of friendship.D）They give gifts only on special occasions.20. A）They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B）They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C）They have to follow many specific rules.D）They pay attention to the quality of gifts.21. A）Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B）We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.C）We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D）Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A）It reflects American people’s view of French politics.B）It is first published in Washington and then in Paris.C）It explains American politics to the French public.D）It is popular among French government officials.23. A）Work on her column. C）Entertain her guests.B）Do housework at home. D）Go shopping downtown.24. A）To report to her newspaper. C）To visit her parents.B）To refresh her French. D）To meet her friends.25. A）She might be recalled to France. C）She might close her Monday column.B）She might change her profession. D）She might be assigned to a new post.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he is considered （26）__________ until the court proves the person is guilty.To arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been （27）__________. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station, where the name of the person and the （28）__________ against him are formally listed.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or （29）__________. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and thejudge feels that he will return to court （30）__________ run away, he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail （保释金）. At this time, too, the judge will （31）__________ a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. The attorney may present （32）__________ as well as witnesses. The judge then decides whether there is enough reason to （33）__________.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is （34）__________ to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the （35）__________ of the American government.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice ___36___ away. However, we have already reached temperatures that are in ___37___ with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are ___38___ to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures ___39___ between 1℃and 6℃over the next 100 years. The warming will be more ___40___ in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the ___41___ of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable （宜居的）and ___42___ for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on ___43___, everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Some scientists ___44___ that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random （无规律的）variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years ___45___—but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.A）appealing I）meltedB）average J）persistC）contributing K）rangingD）dramatic L）recentlyE）frequently M）resolvedF）impact N）sensibleG）line O）shockH）maintainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The End of the Book?A） Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.B） Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.C） Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction,”etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious”nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.D） As for children’s books, who knows? Children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market （and the marketing）is inherently strange. E）For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.F）One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. The greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. Before printing arrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house. There were perhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe in 1450. By 1500 there were 10 million.G） But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to die out, hand writing lingered on （继续存在）well into the 16th century. Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.H） Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. Equally,TV was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.I）Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. And while TV didn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.J）Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows （”Jack Benny,”“Amos and Andy,”“The Shadow”）all migrated to television. But because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime time, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.K） Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power. Mounted cavalry （骑兵）replaced the chariot （二轮战车）on the battlefield around 1000 BC. But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later. The sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”L）Sometimes new technology is a little cranky （不稳定的）at first. Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as a backup. Steamships captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. But steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. Until ships became large enough （and engines small enough）to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. （The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.）M）Then there is the fireplace. Central heating was present in every upper- and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of fire. Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food （which is much easier to eat and digest）. Human control of fire goes back far enough （over a million years）that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.N） Books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile （触觉的）pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.O） For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup for when the lights go out.46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55. A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition（命题）, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM （science, technology, engineering, maths）-related fields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities （人文学科）and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both areas are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative （创新的）leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical”way out of the problem: “Major in a subject designed to get you a job”seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft”often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively and communicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.56. What does the latest congressional report suggest?A）STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B）The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C）The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.D）Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A）Their interest in relevant subjects. C）The quality of education to receive.B）The academic value of the courses. D）Their chances of getting a good job.58. What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects?A）They benefit students in their future life.B）They broaden students’ range of interests.C）They improve students’ communication skills.D）They are essential to students’ healthy growth.59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A）Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B）Those who are good at solving practical problems.C）Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D）Those who have received a well-rounded education.60. What advice does the author give to college students?A）Seize opportunities to tap their potential.B）Try to take a variety of practical courses.C）Prepare themselves for different job options.D）Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.“Energy independence”and its rhetorical （修辞的）companion “energy security”are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely thought through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle （涓涓细流）of biofuel（生物燃料）available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy thingsfrom places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices. At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.61. What does the author say about energy independence for America?A）It sounds very attractive. C）It will bring oil prices down.B）It ensures national security. D）It has long been everyone’s dream.62. What does the author think of biofuels?A）They keep America’s economy running healthily.B）They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C）They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D）They cause serious damage to the environment.63. Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?A）It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B）Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C）It wants to keep its own environment intact.D）Its own oil production falls short of demand.64. What does the author say about oil trade?A）It proves profitable to both sides.B）It improves economic efficiency.C）It makes for economic prosperity.D）It saves the cost of oil exploration.65. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A）To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.B）To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.C）To stress the importance of energy conservation.D）To explain the increase of international oil trade.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。
2020年6月大学英语四级真题及答案
2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own，26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28，investigators found that the more children moved，the better their grades were in school，29in the basic subjects of math，English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years，some administrators believe studentsneed to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show，exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33to the brain，fueling memory，attention and creativity，which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress，which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.A）attendanceB）consequentlyC）currentD）depressingE）droppingF）essentialG）feasibleH）flowI）moodJ）mutuallyK）particularlyL）performanceM）reviewN）surviveO）tendSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment，Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers？Are nursing homes as bad as people fear，or is that an out-moded stereotype （固定看法）？Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places？It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The most recent of these studies，published in The journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes （known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes）. Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life，emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see di fferences based on the housing types，” said the lead author of the study，Julie Robison，an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t？[F] In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables，such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific envi ronment they are in，combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status，” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health，therefore，might be no less depressed in assisted living （even if her children preferred it）than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home，other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place，not the sort of place in itself，that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say，‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr. Robison said. What matters，she added，“is a combination of what people bring in with them，and what they find there.”[I] Such findings，which run counter to common sense，have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living，for instance，University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type，size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness，mental decline，hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were lik e when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact，consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities，the lowest rated，than with the five-star ones. （More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.）[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane，a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way，that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course，sons and daughters want to visit the facilities，talk to the administrators and residents and other families，and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas，too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant，inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived，though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room，they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there，and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research，that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities，involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence（AI）becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided，according to computer science professor Stuart Russell，if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example，if a robot does chores around the house，you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example，mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a p roperly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave，it has the opportunity to stop，send out beeps（嘟嘟声），and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision，we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer，robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots？A）It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B）It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C）It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D）It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？A）They are aggressive.B）They are outgoing.C）They are ignorant.D）They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values？A）By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B）By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C）By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D）By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？A）keep a distance from possible dangers.B）Stop to seek advice from a human being.C）Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D）Do sufficient testing before taking action.50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？A）Determine what is moral and ethical.B）Design some large-scale experiments.C）Set rules for man-machine interaction.D）Develop a more sophisticated program.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Why do some people live to be older than others？You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise，etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic （神经质的）than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly，however，other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined，for instance，were no more likely to live to be very old. Also，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life，which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life，you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious，depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults，which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny（命运），and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A）to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB）to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC）to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD）to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people？A）They have a good understanding of evolution.B）They are better at negotiating an agreement.C）They generally appear more resourceful.D）They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？A）Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B）Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C）Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D）Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show？A）Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B）People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C）Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D）Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？A）Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B）Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C）Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D）Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2.功夫（Kong Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练.它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练.它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素.作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式.有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发四级写作：第一版your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear Mary,I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week. When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you. I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.Very sincerelyPeter第二版your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear sir,I am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning English. You are one of the best teachers who I have ever met .There are many good points that I learn from you.During these days in your class, I have acquired much knowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Firstly, you let me know what the west thinking pattern is —straight thinking pattern. As an English learner, it is important for me to understand the difference between them. There is no denying the fact that this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. What’s more, I’m glad to be your student, and I am very happy to learn the course under your guidance. English is an important tool, through which we can share our experience with the world. I treasure the chance of learning English, and I enjoy the happiness from your course.The last not the least, please forgive those mistakes I have made which may upset you. What I have learned from you will help me pass the coming examinations and also be useful for my further education in abroad. It is not only a progress of learning, but also a cultivation of my ability.May everything go well around you.Your student,第三版For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.Dear parents,This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not enough to let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated what you’ve done for me.In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being working in the past. I can imagine how many difficulties and obstacles you've conquered. Second, I want to thank you for your good education on me. There is an old saying goes like this “parents are the first teachers to their children”. Both of you are the typical ones. The most important thing that I want to say “thank you” is for your great admiration on my own freedom. You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation.I really feel that my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is to take good care of yourselves and you will be always proud of me.Yours beloved四级翻译（功夫）：功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯自卫的需要,狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练，它是中国传统体育运动的一种.年轻人，老年人都练，它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素，作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种的风格，是世界上练得最多的艺术形式，有些风格模仿了动物的动作.还有一些则受到中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发.Kung Fu is the folk name of Chinese martial arts, which dates back to the need of self-defense, hunting, and military drill in ancient China. It is one of China’s traditional sports, and all people, old and young, would participate in. It has gradually evolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, it has hundreds of styles. Meanwhile, it is also the most practiced art form in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myth and legend.四级翻译（木匠）：在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志.潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史.传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了，也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的.据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地.In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment. It also symbolizes the culture of the city. Weifang is known as the “capital of kites” with a history of nearly 2,400 years in flying kites. It is said that the ancient Chinese philosopher Motze took three years to make the first kite right in Weifang. It fell andbroke, however, on its first day of flying. Some also belives that it was the carpenter LuBan that fist invented the kite. It’s said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo and it landed after three days’ flying.四级翻译（乌镇）乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔.这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆.在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆.乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造.数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市.无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现.Wuzhen, an ancient water town of Zhejiang province, is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is a charming place. Many ancient bridges, Chinese style hotels and restaurants dwell there. In the past one thousand years, the water system and the way of life there haven't changed much, so it is a museum of ancient civilizations. All rooms in Wuzhen are made of stone and wood. Over hundreds of years, the locals have built houses and markets along the riverbank. Numerous spacious and pretty courtyards hide in those houses, serving as surprises and waiting to be found by the tourists.四级阅读选词填空26. 正确选项O tend27. 正确选项M review28. 正确选项L performance29. 正确选项K particularly30. 正确选项N survive31. 正确选项E dropping32. 正确选项J mutually33. 正确选项H flow34. 正确选项F essential35. 正确选项I mood段落匹配36. 正确选项E37. 正确选项L38. 正确选项B39. 正确选项H40. 正确选项N41. 正确选项J42. 正确选项F43. 正确选项C44. 正确选项I45. 正确选项G仔细阅读Passage one46. 正确选项C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47. 正确选项D. They are ill-bred.48. 正确选项C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. 正确选项D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.50. 正确选项A. Determine what is moral and ethical.Passage Two51. 正确选项A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span52. 正确选项D. They are more likely to get over hardship.53. 正确选项 C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.54. 正确选项D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans..55. 正确选项B. Longevity results form a combination of mental and physical health.听力部分1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. C) Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.12. A) He wants to change his job assignment.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.16 A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life17 C) They get less and less sleep18 D) Their blood pressure will rise19. B) What course you are going to choose20. D) The personal statement21. C）Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject22 B) It was built in the late 19th century.23 D) They often broke down.文档收集于互联网，已重新整理排版.word版本可编辑,有帮助欢迎下载支持.24 A) They were produced on the assembly line.25 C) It marked a new era in motor travel.21文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.。
2020年英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(6)
2020年英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(6)阅读文章的结构了解文章的结构，能够让我们在阅读时更迅速地把握文章的脉络和文章主旨，对于提升做题效率更有重要意义。
文章的结构模式大体上分为四类。
这四类文章在一篇文章中并不是独立存有的，有时往往是几种段落结构模式交织在一起。
总分型这类文章遵循从观点到材料，从抽象到具体的逻辑法则，其基本框架是先总论后分论，中心论点出现在分论之前。
问题解决型首先说明情况和背景，然后提出问题，接着作出反应，也就是解决问题，当然问题也可能没有解决或没有完全解决，最后给予适当的评价或者分析。
总体布局上有时会舍去背景部分或评价部分。
匹配型段落的发展主线为两种事物之间的类比：两种论点概论----一种论点----另一种论点;或者是现象----一种事物----另一种事物----得出结论。
作者一般不发表态度和结论。
假设真实型文章结构模式是：假设观点----实行反驳----作者观点。
作者往往在文中开头即提出一种观点或主张，然后从赞同与反对两个方面实行反驳或澄清，经过论证之后才提出作者本人的观点。
Passage 6Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poorpaying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune thereare thousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I lefta 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did havewas a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter andfelt like a __7__ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell astory that __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going tobe one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test--even though it meantliving with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubtE) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospectsI) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awardedM) alone N)wealth O)cold参考答案及解析：1.选K)。
2020年6月英语四级答案(完整版)
2020年6月英语四级答案（完整版）2020年6月英语四级答案（完整版）2020年6月英语四级考试答案（参考答案一）听力答案Short Conversations1. A. The woman should go on playing chess.2. D. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address.3. B. His notes are not easy to read.4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant.5 .C. He has been looking forward to spring.6. B. The man appreciates the woman’s help.7. B. Go to work on foot.8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation.Conversion one9. C. It has a chemical processing plant.10. D. He’s a salesman.11.C. Mr. Grand’s personal assistance.12. B. Provide details of their products and services.Conversion two13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small child.15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime.Passage One16. B) His personal history is little known.17. D) He was a member of the town council.18. C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.Passage Two19. A) Theft.20. B) Have the right documents.21. B) Use official transport.Passage Three22. C) Sell inexpensive products.23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople.24. D) Insulted.25. B) There should be a limit to one's sense of humour填空：26. prospering27. decade28. opposite29. sustain30. In simple terms31. establish32. reasonably33. take into account34. misleading35. using up选词填空答案：36 H passively37 F harmful38 I previously39 L surfing40 C decade41 A climbed42 G outcomes43 E effective44 B consume45 D determine阅读答案：46-55 FBMCE QGPJD56 B) Well-educated people tend to work longer.57 B) A rapid technological advance.58 A) Economic growth will slow down.59 C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.60 D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age.61 C) The decline of the grain yield growth.62 A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.63 D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food feed grains.64 D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.65 B) It is based on a doubtful assumption.翻译答案：在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。
2020年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a shortessay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should writeat least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go overthe passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for someof the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed thatthe candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhatdisappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but thefact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so shedecided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized theperson we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. Whatshe hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different”behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-Americanraised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown byaverting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it wascultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss thatopportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive asdifferent. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and toreexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming moredifficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from theprocess have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helpsorganizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estaterecruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference suchtraining can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops onsu pervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He pati ently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on theChinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuminghe had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions ,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture toculture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I couldlearn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees ,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Dougadmits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learninghow to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizationsinternally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customerservice representative show how an inclusive attitude can improvesales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . Oneof the best things my company has done is to contract with a languageservice that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my bossreceived Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how importantinclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base hasincreased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard thestereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone .Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differencesand similarities . It is about building better communities andorganizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our sharedhumanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think wehave learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends ,etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selvesto think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opensdoors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations andcommunities that benefit everyone.1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B) He was slow in answering her questions.C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from _____.A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalizationaccording to the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that _____.A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ di verse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’srequest for leave?A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt _____ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to knowthe importance of _____ to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , wecan achieve diversity and benefit from the _____ between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause .During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children .C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.(B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14。
2020年大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案
2020年大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（1）People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy. You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat -- the normally accepted practice in many northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives.No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collectsnails from my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants. Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag,and took them to Robert. Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the halland Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. Snails would, of course, be the main dish. I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. To our dismay, we saw that there were snails everywhere: they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete possession of the hall! I have never been able to look at a snail since then.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.The underlined word “repulsive”in Paragraph 1 most probably means“_____”.A.disgustingB. pleasantC. acceptableD. delicious2.We can infer from Paragraph 3 that when collecting the snails, the author____ .A.was glad that he could share them with his friendB.was angry because they might damage his beloved plantsC.was excited about being able to give his friend a surpriseD.was depressed because it was hard to catch them all3.The author finds that snails _______ .A. are as delicious as octopusB. are disliked in his hometownC.are the most controversial foodD. are as popular as fried potatoes4.The best title for the passage might be “______”?A.One Man’s Meat is Another Man’s PoisonB.Foods and CulturesC.Snail and OctopusD.People Are Illogical in Front of Delicacies5.As indicated in the passage,people love different foods mainly because____A.they live in different places.B.they learn to eat certain foods in their familiesC.they have different understanding of delicacyD.they are too illogical to explain1.[A] 词义推断题。
2020年四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(2)
2020年四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(2)篇章词汇题型的特点篇章词汇 ( Banked Cloze )考一篇长度为 220 个单词左右的文章，在文章当中去除了 10 个单词，后面由 15 个单词选项，要求考生选择准确的单词填入文章。
这种题型的测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考查考生对诸如连贯性，一致性，逻辑联系等语篇，语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构和具体细化到每个单词的微观理解。
篇章词汇 VS 完形填空应该说，篇章词汇是完形填空的一种形式。
完形填空的测试面更宽泛，涉及连词，介词等更多的语法知识，而篇章词汇的考查项都是实词(动词，名词，形容词，副词)。
篇章词汇更侧重于从篇章层面考查对单词的理解和应用。
另外一个较为明显的区别就是，篇章词汇是集合式选项，所有的选项都集中在一起;而完形填空是分组式选项，各道题目的选项互不干扰。
篇章词汇 VS 词汇题篇章词汇与原来的老题型词汇题相比，更注重对词汇的实际使用的考查，从单一的一句话考查上升到篇章的理解。
Passage 2Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 理解派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life,maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoidE)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinaryI)approval J)monetary K)generally L)improveM)challenging N)restore O)excellent参考答案及解析：1. 选 L )。
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解(全套)
大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2020年大学英语四级仔细阅读习题及答案(3)
2020年大学英语四级仔细阅读习题及答案(3)What has thetelephone done to us, or for us, in the hundred years of its existence? A feweffects suggest themselves at once. It has saved lives by getting rapid word ofillness, injury, or fire from remote places. By joining with the elevator tomake possible the multi-story residence or office building, it has madepossible for better or worse -- the modem city. By bringing about a great leapin the speed and ease with which information moves from place to place, it hasgreatly accelerated the rate of scientific and technological changes and growthin industry. Beyond doubt it has seriously weakened if not killed the ancientart of letter writing. It has made living alone possible for persons withnormal social impulses (冲动) ; by so doing, it has played a role in one of thegreatest social changes of this century, the breakup of the multi-generationalhousehold. It has made the war chillingly more efficient thanformerly.Perhaps, though not provably, it has prevented wars that might have arisen outof intemational misunderstanding caused by written communication. Or perhaps―again not provably―by magnifying (扩大) and extendingirrational personal conflicts based on voice contact, it has caused wars.Certainly it has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially (不偏不倚) disseminates (传播)the useful knowledge of scientists andthe nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice (恶意) of the malicious.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A) Thetelephone has helped to save people from illness and fire.B) Thetelephone has helped to prevent wars and conflicts.C) Thetelephone has made the modern city neither better nor worse.D) Thetelephone has had positive as well as negative effects on us.2. According to the passage, it is the telephonethat_______ .A) has madeletter writing an artB) hasprevented wars by avoiding written communicationC) has madethe world different from what it wasD) hascaused wars by magnifying and extending human conflicts3. The telephone hasintensified conflicts among people because ______ .A) itincreases the danger of warB) itprovides services to both the good and the maliciousC) it makesdistant communication easierD) it breaksup the multi-generational household4. The author describes thetelephone as impartial because it _______ .A) saveslives of people in remote placesB) enablespeople to live alone if they want toC) spreadsboth love and ill willD) replacesmuch written communication5. The writer's attitudetowards the use of the telephoneis _______A) affectionate B)disapprovingC) approving D)neutral1.D 本文主要讲了电话的发展对人类生活与活动所产生的正负两方面的影响。
2020年6月英语四级阅读练习题及答案
2020年6月英语四级阅读练习题及答案2020年6月英语四级阅读练习题及答案Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B．, C．andD ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left,and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense offreedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path,lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance waller and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by ( 英国的路旁停车带 ). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove. They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to wall a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.56. In Britain it is very risky to __________.A．go with a single railway ticketB．listen to pop-music at the festivalC. sleep in the openD．pack together in crowds57. At the end of the festival, many young fans__________.A．were arrested by the policeB．had spent most of their moneyC．were sleeping outD．became quite penniless58. Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there arelarge__________.A．tracks through the open countryB．areas of country without soilC．areas of countryside not developedD．expanses of land where nobody works59. Public pathways are created for people to__________.A．commute to workB．enjoy long-distance walkingC. wall to maritime countiesD．visit the historic or scenic sites60. Family groups nowadays like to__________.A．have meals out of doors by the road-sideB．go for a walk away from homeC．drive out past the beautiful placesD．hear and smell the animals。
2020年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a shortessay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should writeat least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go overthe passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for someof the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed thatthe candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhatdisappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but thefact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so shedecided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized theperson we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. Whatshe hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different”behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-Americanraised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown byaverting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it wascultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss thatopportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive asdifferent. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and toreexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming moredifficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from theprocess have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helpsorganizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estaterecruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference suchtraining can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops onsu pervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He pati ently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on theChinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuminghe had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions ,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture toculture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I couldlearn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees ,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Dougadmits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learninghow to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizationsinternally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customerservice representative show how an inclusive attitude can improvesales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . Oneof the best things my company has done is to contract with a languageservice that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my bossreceived Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how importantinclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base hasincreased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard thestereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone .Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differencesand similarities . It is about building better communities andorganizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our sharedhumanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think wehave learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends ,etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selvesto think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opensdoors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations andcommunities that benefit everyone.1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B) He was slow in answering her questions.C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from _____.A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalizationaccording to the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that _____.A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ di verse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’srequest for leave?A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt _____ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to knowthe importance of _____ to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , wecan achieve diversity and benefit from the _____ between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause .During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children .C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.(B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14。
2020年四级阅读理解练习题及解析(4)
2020年四级阅读理解练习题及解析(4)【阅读练习】Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students tofix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have nowbegun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach whichtrains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.Q：1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .A. one’s familiarity with the textB. one’s purpose in readingC. the length of a group of wordsD. lighting and tiredness2. The author may believe that reading ______.A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationB. requires a reader to see words more quicklyC. demands an deeply-participating mindD. demands more mind than eyes3 What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph?A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.B. The readin g exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading.D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words.4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.5. The tune of the author in writing this article is________A criticalB neutralC prssimisticD optimistic【答案及详解】答案：CCCDA解题思路1 C。
2020年6月英语四级真题及答案(第一套)
2020年6月英语四级真题及答案(第一套)Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China.Please recommend a city to him.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Watch the weather forecast.C)Avoid travel on Wednesday.B)Evacuate the area with the orange alert.D)Prepare enough food and drink.2.A)Pay more attention to the roads.C)Bring more mobile phones.B)Stay at a safer place.D)Take a train home.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)There is only one ecosystem in Europe.B)Romania’s wetlands thrive again.C)The wildlife in Romania isn’t well protected.D)There are200species of birds in Romania’s wetlands.4.A)Block the waterways.C)Use monitoring equipment.B)Restore the fishing ban.D)Prohibit fishing in the next10years.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)He had a car accident.B)He attended his graduation ceremony.C)He had a heart attack.D)He gave a performance in the auditorium.6.A)What happened to him.C)When the graduation ceremony was.B)What date it was.D)Where he was.7.A)He was really touched by his classmates.B)He didn’t know what happened at all.C)He couldn’t remember what to say.D)His parents wore caps and gowns.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)Her children’s disruption.C)A sense of isolation.B)Quiet atmosphere.D)Longer working hours.9.A)It doesn’t offer coffee.C)It doesn’t have free Wi-Fi.B)It’s too quiet.D)It lacks the materials he needs.10.A)The sense of being out in the world.C)The coffee table.B)The coffee it provides.D)The comfortable working condition.11.A)People don’t order anything.B)People bring their laptops and paperwork.C)People occupy valuable table space in quiet times.D)People of two occupy a table for six.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)She is not satisfied with the salary.B)She is not capable of the job.C)She often works overtime.D)She’s received a job offer from another company.13.A)They may be considered as less royal.B)They won’t get the promotion opportunities.D)They will be given hiring priority.14.A)She might have to do extra work every day.B)She might not get a pay rise.C)She might not get enough vacation.D)She might not gain more experience.15.A)Experience.B)Confidence.C)Fortune.D)Opportunity.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)It’s a horrible feeling.C)It’s boring and dangerous.B)It can be a blessing.D)It’s the most comfortable state.17.A)To be active.C)To travel abroad.B)To meet up with your friends.D)To seek advice from others.18.A)It provides a chance for people to think deeply.B)It makes us treasure the time.C)It enables one to identify true friends.D)It helps us take care of problems more efficiently.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)He is a harsh person.C)He is very demanding in his work.B)He is mean to others.D)He usually works very late.20.A)He moved out and divorced.B)He was plagued by drugs and gang violence.C)He lived there for20years.D)His parents would move into his new house.21.A)He was only responsible for unloading food.B)He had to sign his name on every label.C)It was a hard and tedious job.D)He was required to work at Friday night.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)By recording the time people spend on TV.B)By tracking people’s living habits.C)By using memory and fluency tests.D)By scanning people’s brains.23.A)Watching television for hours.C)Reading books and magazines.B)Playing video games.D)Surfing the Internet.24.A)Television viewing may be a potential factor for Alzheimer’s disease.B)Alzheimer’s patients tend to watch television more than3hours a day.C)Some research has confirmed the link between them.D)Television watching is beneficial to Alzheimer’s patients.25.A)Watch television no more than3hours each day.B)Balance television viewing with other contrasting activities.C)Watch some educational TV programs.D)Take more physical exercise.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.“Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated.”Those were the words uttered by pioneering British scientist Rosalind Franklin,who firmly believed that the pursuit of science should be___26___to all.As a woman working in the first half of the20th century,Franklin’s contributions to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time including the structure of DNA were sadly___27___in her lifetime.More than60years after Franklin’s death,we are___28___living in a different world,where women play an important part in every echelon(阶层)of our society—not least in science,innovation,higher education and universities are world leaders when it comes to advancing and___29___gender equality.In the past decade,we have seen a___30___increase in England in the number of women accepted on to full-time undergraduate degrees in science,technology,engineering and maths(Stem subjects).And in the last academic year,women___31___for more than half of all Stem postgraduates at UK universities.Data shows us the___32___to success gets harder for women to climb the further up they go.Although women make up the majority of undergraduates in our universities,just under half of academic staff are female. At___33___levels,only a quarter of professors are women,and black women make up less than2%of all female academic staff.There are also stark differences in pay across grades.The gender pay gap based on median salaries across the sector in2016-2017was13.7%,___34___there is still some way to go to ensure women are rising through the ranks to higher grade positions and being paid___35___.A)accessible I)nominationB)accounted J)overlookedC)adaptation K)promotingD)appropriately L)seniorE)considerable M)submissionF)effective N)suggestingG)ladder O)thankfullyH)misreadSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.How to Eat WellA)Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food,the stuff that is correctly called junk(垃圾)and should really carry warning labels?B)It’s not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by.Supermarkets offer more variety than ever,and there are over four times as many farmers markets in the US as there were20years ago.Nor is it for lack of available information.There are plenty of recipes(食谱),how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer,smartphone or television.If anything,the information is overwhelming.C)And yet we aren’t cooking.If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans,you probably get at least a third of your daily calories(卡路里)outside the home.Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost25%of our daily calories from snacks.So we’re eating out or taking in,and we don’t sit down—or we do,but we hurry.D)Shouldn’t preparing—and consuming—food be a source of comfort,pride,health,well-being,relaxation, sociability?Something that connects us to other humans?Why would we want to outsource（外包）this basic task, especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?E)When I talk about cooking,I’m not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects.I’m talking about simple,easy,everyday meals.My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or memory to feed themselves.That means we need modest,realistic expectations,and we need to teach people to cook food that’s good enough to share with family and friends.F)Perhaps a return to real cooking needn’t be far off.A recent Harris poll revealed that79%of Americans say they enjoy cooking and30%“love it”;14%admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just7%won’t go near the stove at all.But this doesn’t necessarily translate to real cooking,and the result of this survey shouldn’t surprise anyone:52%of those65or older cook at home five or more times per week;only a third of young people do.G)Back in the1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night.The intention to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal.Most people couldn’t afford to do otherwise.H)Although frozen dinners were invented in the’40s,their popularity didn’t boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later.Since then,packaged,pre-prepared meals have been what’s for dinner.The microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalysts（催化剂）,but the big food companies—which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking—made the home cook an endangered species.I)Still,I find it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at home regularly.Isn’t this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking?And isn’t this the generation who say they’re concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet?If these are truly the values of many young people,then their behavior doesn’t match their beliefs.J)There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some companies to reduce calories in their processed foods,but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy,mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating.Considering that the government’s standards are not nearly ambitious enough,the picture is clear:by not cooking at home,we’re not eating the right things,and the consequences are hard to overstate.K)To help quantify(量化)the costs of a poor diet,I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food,the burger（汉堡包）.I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset by the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm.L)Cooking real food is the best defense—not to mention that any meal you’re likely to eat at home contains about200fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.M)To those Americans for whom money is a concern,my advice is simple:Buy what you can afford,and cook it yourself.The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store,since that’s where fresh produce,meat and seafood,and dairy are.And to save money and still eat well you don’t need local,organic ingredients;all you need is real food.I’m not saying local food isn’t better;it is.But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores.N)The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods.Frozen produce is still produce;canned tomatoes are still tomatoes.Just make sure you’re getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar.Ask yourself,would Grandma consider this food?Does it look like something might occur in nature?It’s pretty much common sense:you want to buy food,not unidentifiable foodlike objects.O)You don’t have to hit the grocery store daily,nor do you need an abundance of skill.Since fewer than half of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only20%describe their cooking skills as advanced the crisis is one of confidence.And the only remedy for that is practice.There’s nothing mysterious about cooking the evening meal.You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner.Like any skill, cooking gets easier as you do it more:every time you cook,you advance your level of skills.Someday you won’t even need recipes.My advice is that you not pay attention to the number of steps and ingredients,because they can be deceiving.P)Time,I realize,is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people.You must adjust your priorities to find time to cook.For instance,you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you’re standing at the sink.No one is asking you to give up activities you like,but if you’re watching food shows on TV,try cooking instead.36.Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.37.Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.38.Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.39.Cooking skills can be improved with practice.40.In the mid-20th century,most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.41.Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family.42.Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.43.To eat well and still save money,people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.44.We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.45.The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.The wallet is heading for extinction.As a day-to-day essential,it will die off with the generation who readprint newspapers.The kind of shopping where you hand over notes and count out change in return now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters,like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk,from a corner shop.At the shops where you spend any real money,that money is increasingly abstracted.And this is more and more true,the higher up the scale you go.At the most cutting-edge retail stores Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register,when you decide to pay.The staff are equipped with ipads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.Which is nothing more or less than excellent service,if you have the money.But across society,the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy.Maybe I'm just old-fashioned.But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us.Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink（眨眼）of an eye?Doesn’t a wallet—that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing,promising fatness—represent something that matters?But I’ll leave the economics to the experts.What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment.Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age,the plastic and paper and gold and silver,and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming.The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad.The rounded edges,cool glass,smooth and unknowable as a pebble（鹅卵石）.Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners,we move our fingers left and right.No more counting out coins.Show your wallet,if you still have one.It may not be here much longer.46.What is happening to the wallet?A)It is disappearing.C)It is becoming costly.B)It is being fattened.D)It is changing in style.47.How are business transactions done in big modern stores?A)Individually.C)In the abstract.B)Electronically.D)Via cash register.48.What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?A)Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.B)The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.C)Earning money is getting more difficult.D)Spending money is so fast and easy.49.Why does the author choose to write about what’s happening to the wallet?A)It represents a change in the modern world.B)It has something to do with everybody’s life.C)It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.D)It is the concern of contemporary economists.50.What can we infer from the passage about the author?A)He is resistant to social changes.B)He is against technological progress.C)He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.D)He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.It’s late in the evening:time to close the book and turn off the computer.You’re done for the day.What you may not realize,however,is that the learning process actually continues—in your dreams.It might sound like science fiction,but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented,often bizarre imaginings they generate at night.Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned is associated with improved performance in that activity(suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re“getting”a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it).What’s more,researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding,organizing and retaining what we learn.While we sleep,research indicates,the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours,allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural（神经的）virtual reality.A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders.They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking,in which the sleeper engages in the kind physicalmovement that does not normally occur during sleep.They then videotaped the subjects as they slept,Lying in bed,eyes closed,one female patient on the tape performs the dance moves she learned earlier.This shows that while our bodies are at rest,our brains are drawing what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered,then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know.In a 2010study,researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze（迷宫）task they had learned showed a10-fold improvement in their ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task.Robert Stickgold,one of the Harvard researchers,suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material.Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.51.What is scientists’finding about dreaming?A)It involves disconnected weird images.B)It resembles fragments of science fiction.C)Dreaming about a learned task betters its performance.D)Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one’s sleep.52.What happens when one enters a dream state?A)The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.B)The neural activity of the brain will become intensified.C)The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.D)The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.53.What does the brain do while we are sleeping?A)It systematizes all the data collected during the day.B)It substitutes old information with new data.C)It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.D)It classified information and places it in different files.54.What does Robert Stickgold suggest about enhancing learning?A)Having a little sleep after studying in the day.B)Staying up late before going to bed.C)Having a dream about anything.D)Thinking about the odds of dreaming about the material.55.What can be inferred about dreaming from the passage?A)We may enhance our learning through dreaming.B)Dreaming improves your language ability.C)All sleepwalkers perform dance moves when they are sleeping.D)Taking a nap after learning can help you find the way through the maze.Part IV Translation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.在中国，火锅已有2，000多年的历史，最早流行于最寒冷的地区，然后在很多地区盛行，出现了具有地方特色的种类。
2020年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案
2020 年 6 月英语四级阅读真题及答案2020 年6 月英语四级阅读真题及答案Section ADirections： In this section, there is a passage with tenblanks. You are required to select oneword from a list of choices given in a word bank passage. Read the passage throughcarefully for each blank following the before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by aletter.Please Answer Sheet 2 not use anyof mark the corresponding letter for each item on with a single line through the centre. You may the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you doit best exercise for regular equipment, everyone knows risk of injury. Thehuman vigorously enough, is theoverall physical activity. It requires no how to do it and it carries the 47 body is designed to walk. Youcanwalk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physicalactivity. Its purpose is tobuild both of which shrink with age. In do strength training two orthree and 50 bone and muscle mass, general, you will want to days a week, 51 recoverydays between sessions.Finally, importantas flexibility and balance training are 52the body ages. Aches and pains are high on thelist of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscletension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple： whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topic参考答案47. H. lowest48. J. maximum49. D. component50. I. maintain51. A. allowing52. G. increasingly53. B. avoidable54. K. prevent55. L. principle56. C. brieflySectionBDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at theRand Corporation： Why not policies and apply them to displayed? take a lesson from alcohol control where food is sold and how it’s“Many policy measures to control obesity(肥胖症)assumethat people consciously and rationally choose what and howmuch they eat and therefore focus on providing and more access to healthier foods,” note the researchers. information two“In contrast,” the researchers continue,“many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavi or with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions,and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them：Density restrictions： licensesto handed out unplanned to all comers but 配)basedonthenumberofplacesinan sell alcohol aren’t are allotted(分area that already sellalcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell foodrich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display prohibiting and sales restrictions： California has a rule alcohol displays near the cash registers in gasstations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets,food have their wares in places where they’re could remove junk food to the back ofthe companies pay to easily seen. One store and ban themfrom the shelvesat include restricting special pricedeals checkout lines. The other measures portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting for junk foods, and placing warninglabels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.参考答案57.C 58.C 59.D 60.D 61.CSection C Passage OneQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy(破产)protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s do wnfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths towhich itself. Decades ago, Kodak photography would overtake invented the firstdigital thecompanyanticipatedfilm —andwent to reinventthat digitalin fact, Kodakcamera in 1975 — but in a fatefuldecision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to thefuture, Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness said School, tobut rather that confront it. By was too late. it failedtothe timetheexecute on a strategycompany realized its mistake, itKodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to doso, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is ato put existing assets into the new businesses.temptationAlthough Kodak anticipated the inevitablerise photography,itscorporate(企业的) culturewastoo the successes of the past for it to make the clean necessary to fully embrace the future. They werea of digitalrooted inbreakcompany stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades wasdramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90%of for photographic film and 85% of the market for the 1980s brought new competition fromJapanese the market cameras. But film companyFuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower pricesfor the was film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji,which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do markets? large companies have difficulty switching tonewA) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.参考答案62. B.63. A.64. D.65. A.66. C.。
2020年大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案
As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbcIn the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcbThere are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attainthe level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbccAs she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on yourtoes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith didnot hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcdIf the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus ismuch hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into theatmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot forman to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd。
2020年大学英语六级阅读理解试题及答案(卷四)
2020年大学英语六级阅读理解试题及答案（卷四）I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two.I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy.I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me--a potential to live, you might call it--which I didn't see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If I hadn't been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am,despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball. I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. "I can't use this." I said. "Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around." The words stuck in my head. "Roll it around! "By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.1. We can learn from the beginning of the passage thatA. the author lost his sight because of a car crash.B. the author wouldn't love life if the disaster didn't happen.C. the disaster made the author appreciate what he had.D. the disaster strengthened the author's desire to see.2. What's the most difficult thing for the author?A. How to adjust himself to reality.B. Building up assurance that he can find his place in life.C. Learning to manage his life alone.D. To find a special work that suits the author.3. According to the context, "a chair rocker on the front porch" in paragraph 3 means that the authorA. would sit in a rocking chair and enjoy his life.B. was paralyzed and stayed in a rocking chair.C. would lose his will to struggle against difficulties.D. would sit in a chair and stay at home.4. According to the passage, the baseball and encouragement offered by the manA. hurt the author's feeling.B. gave the author a deep impression.C. directly led to the invention of ground ball.D. inspired the author.5. According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?A. The author set goals for himself but only invited failure most of the time.B. The author suggested not trying something beyond one's ability at the beginning.。
2020年6月四级阅读真题及答案
2020年6月四级阅读真题及答案2020年6月四级阅读真题及答案Section ADirections： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000 -year -long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 away. However, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37 with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are 38 to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39 between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years. The warming will be more 40 in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the 41 of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (宜居的) and 42 for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43 , everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at leastin part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Some scientists 44 that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random (无规律的) variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 —but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
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2020年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案2020年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案Section ADirections： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. Toget 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want todo strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on thelist of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscletension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple： whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.]A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topic参考答案47. H. lowest48. J. maximum>49. D. component50. I. maintain51. A. allowing52. G. increasingly53. B. avoidable54. K. prevent55. L. principle56. C. briefly%SectionBDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation： Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity(肥胖症)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing informationand more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, asubstance — like food — of which immoderate consumptionleads to serious health problems.”—The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them：Density restrictions：licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted(分配)based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell foodrich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions： California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.[D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations. ~B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.）61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.参考答案57.C 58.C 59.D 60.D 61.CSection C Passage One、Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy(破产)protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School,but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate(企业的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the marketfor photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent footholdin the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?、A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution. >D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.—B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emer gence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.参考答案62. B.63. A.64. D.65. A.66. C.。