2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷
【20套精选试卷合集】上海市奉贤区市级名校2019-2020学年高考英语模拟试卷含答案
高考模拟英语试卷（考查时间：90分钟） (考查内容以最近复习的为主)第一部分听力测试(共2 节9小题每题1分总分9 分)第一节5段对话(每段对话仅读1遍共5小题5分)1. What does the man offer to do for the woman?A.Make her something to eat.B.Take her temperature.C.Take her to the hospital.2. What does the man want to make sure of ?A.When to return the copies.B.Where to place the copies.C.Whether to return the copies or not.3. Why did the woman give her dog milk?A.It’s her regular food.B.She forgot what he eats.C.She wanted to change his diet.4. What are the speakers talking about?A. A dress.B. A party.C.The woman’s job.5. What does the woman mean?A.She got the dates mixed up.B.She missed the lecture on Thursday.C.The man doesn’t need to remind her.第二节2段对话(每段对话读2遍共4小题4分)听第6段对话回答6.7小题6. To whom is the woman speaking?A.Her boss.B. Her husband.C. A policeman.7. What does the woman want to find?A.The station. B Her bike. C. A thief.听第7段对话回答8 .9小题8. What is the man doing?A. Applying to a school.B. Having a job interview.C. Asking for advice.9. What will the main probably do next?A. Choose his major.B. Check his mail.C. Visit the campus.第一节单项选择(共16个小题每小题1分满分16分)10. People develop ______ preference for a particular style of learning at ______ early age and these preferences affect learning.A. a; anB. a; 不填C. 不填; theD. the; an11. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than______ on the small ones.A. oneB. thisC. thatD. it12. Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.A. occurred itB. it did occurC. it occurredD. did it occur13. It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.A. whoB. thatC. whenD. how14. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. when15.A Midsummer Night's Dream________ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.A. opensB. is openedC. will openD. will be opened16. —What about your self-drive trip yesterday?—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we______________ a rough ride.A. hadB. haveC. would haveD. have had17. My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but a t least he has_________ .A. cut outB. cut downC. cut upD. cut off18. Anyone, once _______ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be testedB. being testedC. testedD. to test19.— How far can you run without stopping?—________. I’ve never tried.A. Don’t mention it.B. That’s all right.C. I have no idea.D. Go ahead.20.It remains to be seen _______the newly formed committee’s p olicy can be put into practice.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether21. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _____ too much at the party last night.A. could drinkB. should drinkC. would have drunkD. must have drunk22. —Why are your eyes so red? Y ou _______ have slept well last night.—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. won’t23. --- It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.--- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we__________ .A. hadn’tB. haven'tC. didn'tD. don't24. Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he ______ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.A. accidentallyB. carelesslyC. deliberatelyD. clumsily25._________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhoeverD. However第二节完形填空(共20小题每小题1.5分满分30分)A boy was walking home from school when he saw a large, tempting（诱人的）apple on one of the branches of an apple tree hanging out over a tall fence. The boy wasn’t much of a fruit-eater, 26 a bar of chocolate if given the choice, 27 , as they say, the forbidden fruit can be tempting. Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked at it, the 28 he felt and the more he wanted that apple.He stood on tiptoe(脚尖)，29 as high as he could, but even as his tallest 30 he was unable to touch it. He began to 31 up and down, as high as he could, at the 32 of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple. Still it remained out of 33 .Not giving up, he thought, if only he had something to 34 on. His school bag wouldn’t give enough height and he didn’t want to 35 the things inside, like his lunch box, pencil case, and Gameboy. Looking 36 , he hoped he might find an old box, a rock , or, 37 luck, even a ladder, but it was a tidy neighborhood and there was nothing he could use.He had tried everything he could think to do, 38 seeing any other choices, he gave up and started to walk 39 . At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his 40 , and how he really wanted that apple. The more he 41 like this, the more unhappy he became.42 , the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldn’t always get what he wanted. He started to say to himself, “ This isn’t 43 , I don’t have the apple and I’m feeling miserable as well. There’s 44 more I can do to get the apple—hat is unchangeable—but we are supposed to be able to 45 our feelings. If that’s the case, what can I do to feel better?26. A. preferring B. offering C. receiving D. allowing27. A. so B. then C. but D. or28. A. sadder B. angrier C. hungrier D. tastier29. A. expanding B. stretching C. swinging D. pulling30. A. strength B. length C. range D. height31. A. jump B. look C. walk D. glance32. A. tip B. stage C. top D. level33. A hope B. hand C. sight D. reach34. A. put B. stand C. get D. hold35. A. break B. shake C. take D. strike36. A. up B. forward C. down D. around37. A. for B. with C. on D. of38. A. After B. Through C .Without D. Upon39. A. back B. away C. up D. down40. A. wishes B. beliefs C. efforts D. goals41. A. thought B. imagined C. tried D. claimed42. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Otherwise43. A. skillful B. cheerful C. harmful D. helpful44. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing45.A．change B. express C. forget D. describe第三部分阅读理解(共两节, 满分60分)第一节(共15小题每小题3分满分45分)AAs I grew older, my dad and I grew further apart．We always had totally different opinions．He thought that college was a waste of time，but for me it was important to finish college．He wanted me to work my way to the top as he had done in his field，but l wanted a different life．There was a time when we did not talk with each other．A few months ago, I heard that my 84-year-old dad was in poor health．When he called and asked whether I could move from Colorado back to Tennessee to help him，I knew he was seriously ill．I am his only child and so it was time to meet my father’s requirement．Two weeks after moving back，we bought a boat and started fishing again．Fishing was one of the fewthings that we did while l was young and that we both enjoyed．It is strange but true that as we are fishing we are able to put things that have kept us apart for so many years behind us．We are able to talk about things that we have never talked about before．Fishing has been healing the old wounds that have kept us apart．It is not important how many fish we catch．It is about enjoying the relationship that we have not had for years．I’m 62 and he is 84．When we are on the lake fishing，it is like two kids enjoying life．It is far better to find a way to put the unhappy past behind．I am so lucky to spend the happy time with my father in his last years．Now my heart is filled with love．A smile always graces my lips．46．The author and his father became further apart because______________．A．they lived very far from each other B．they had different views on thingsC．they only communicated by phone D．they seldom went to see each other47．Why did the author come back to Tennessee?A．Because his father invited him to go fishing．B．Because he decided to live in a different city．C．Because his father is ill and needs caring．D．Because he regretted being rude to his father．48．For the author，fishing with his old father___________ ．A．helps cure his father’s diseaseB．is a good way to get close to natureC．makes him realize the importance of relaxationD．provides a chance for them to communicate49. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A．The writer’s car is always breaking down.B．Father intended me to be a fisherman.C．I was unwilling to came back..D．Father uesed to think it was useless to attend college..50.What can be the best title for the text?A．Fishing Brings Us Together B．Forgiving Is DifficultC．Memories of Old Days D．My Beloved FatherBEven when you’re extremely busy, you aren’t using your time with 100% efficiency. There are gaps in everyone’s schedule where they aren’t doing anything important. Even if your schedule has no ga ps, there is probably lots of time where you aren’t working as fast or as effectively as you possibly could.Why aren’t you completely efficient? It’s because time isn’t the limiting factor. If it were the limiting factor, people could work non-stop without breaks or any unproductive distractions(消遣). Instead, people, even those who are highly productive, need to take breaks, occasionally procrastinate(拖延) and slow down on tasks throughout the day.The real and most important limiting factor for productivity is your energy levels to pay attention. Energy levels limit your productivity because when you’re tired, you can have ample time and still not geteverything done. Your attention ability is also limited, because even if there are a million things that need to be done, you can only focus on one or two at a time.You might not be able to insert another 4-5 hours into your schedule without making some sacrifices. But even extremely busy people can add an hour or two into their schedule without cancelling anything. The reason it’s hard to “find time”isn’t a lack of time. It’s because you don’t have enough energy left to focus on something else that needs to fit into your day.I first suspected time wasn’t the real problem during an extremely busy period in my life over a year ago. I was insanely （发疯地）busy, but at that time I still exercised regularly. I had daily to-do lists with over twenty items, and I still found time to exercise. However, after a few weeks off, due to illness, I stopped exercising. I was not busy by any standards, in fact, my schedule was incredibly light. Despite this free time, I found it hard to find time to exercise. It seemed to get pushed later and later into my schedule until it was gone. How can I explain this odd experience? I believe you have known it.51. If someone can’t work with 100% efficiency, the most important limiting factor is ________.A．a schedule without gaps B．breaks and distractionsC．the limited time D．the limited energy52. According to paragraph 4, everyone, including the extremely busy people, can ___________.A．work without any rest B．focus on many things at a timeC．find some more time in a day D．do some exercise regularly53. After a few weeks off, what was the change of the writer’s life?A．He had a longer daily to-do lists with over twenty items.B．He stopped doing exercise because of the lack of energy.C．He found it hard to find time to exercise because he was busier.D．He pushed most of the things later and later in his schedule.54. The writer gives the example of himself in the last paragraph in order to ___________.A．prove what the real limiting factor isB．show us how busily he needs to workC．explain how important a healthy body isD．tell us what an odd experience he has55. What is the best title of the passage?A．Are You Really Lack of Time? B．How Can You Work Efficiently?C．What Makes Your Energy Limited? D．When Should You Do Exercise?C“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”“Two full inches in the first three days!”These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to beauty or desirability.Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoter. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA(Food DrugAdministration)can require proof (证明)under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action ,including seizure (查封) of the product.One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings (法律诉讼), and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.56．It can be inferred that ads mentioned in the text are ______.A. objectiveB. costlyC. unreliableD. illegal57．Which of the following is true according to the text?A. The court is in charge of removing dangerous product.B. New products are more likely to be questionable.C. The production of a device must be approved by FDA.D. The promoters usually just care about profits.58. FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product ________.A. if it is a drugB. if it is a deviceC. if its consumers make complaintsD. if its distributors challenge FDA’s authority59．The Relaxacisor is mentioned as_______.A. a product which was designed to produce electricityB. a product whose distributor was involved in a legal caseC. a successful advertisement of a beauty productD. an example of a quality beauty product60. The author intends to __________A. make consumers aware of the promoters’ false promisesB. show the weakness of the law on product safetyC. give advice on how to keep young and beautifulD. introduce the organization of FDA第二节(共5小题每小题3分满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,有两项为多余选项.Cooking with your children is a great way to involve them in the process of decision-making and taking responsibility for themselves．61 and they will be more willing to make their own snacks meals and bag lunches when they have the skills to be successful in it．Plan ahead--Choose a time when you will be relaxed and not disturbed．Easier said than done．For children cooking needs lots of patience and time to learn by doing things for themselves．62Supervise(监督指导)--Have an adult nearby to help with sharp utensils(炊具)，electric appliances and the stove．Prepare--Wear an apron or old clothes．63Organize--Read the entire recipe and gather ingredients arid utensils before you begin．If you put each ingredient away as you use it，it will be easy to tell what you have already put in if you get interrupted in the middle of the recipe．Safety--Turn pot handles inward away from other burners so they don’t overheat or get kno cked off the stove．Never reach across burners or pots that are hot．Never use wet cloths，as steam will form and burn you．Be careful with electric cords．64 Double-check that you have turned all appliances off when you finish cooking．65 Get cooking and have fun with your kids．A．Cooking also helps them develop a sense of accomplishment and practice language and math skills and gives them an opportunity to share their creations with others．B．Cooking for yourself requires the time and ability to do it and access to the necessary ingredients．C．With a little help and a lot of encouragement，your children will become confident cooks with the ability to prepare meals and make bag lunches on their own．D．First of all the children must have the knowledge of how to cook．E．Use dry hands to unplug them and make sure they aren’t lying across a stove burner．F．A relaxed pace will help you resist grabbing(抓起)the utensils to do it yourself．G．Tie back long hair，roll up long sleeves and remove jewelry．第四部分写作(共2节满分35分)第一节短文改错共10小题每小题1分满分10分增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（A )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare VirtueMost of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints (打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the rea der’s borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊): we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship(企业家精神). Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the ‘holy curiosity’. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? ...And if you see learning as a burden, there’s no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sport TourismTourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online Pharmacy (药店): A Foreseeable TrendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.While some drugs sold online aren’t FDA-approved, customers shouldn’t be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy (草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren’t harming the peopl e who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it’s just now being tested in the U.S.Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs atlower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn’t be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to your health, it’s important to look after it.Maintaining good posture (姿势) is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can stain the muscles around your spine.Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of spacetechnology.Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’twe a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything. For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doe sn’t get high marks in the final examination?There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air.They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude hand gesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a "major problem." Moreover, it's getting worse. Lastyear, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6.The exception, it seems, is the Workshops. More than 90% of us see companies offices as what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners. Workplaces are getting more civil in many people's eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%---markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also 39%).Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all, unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOS, and managers at all levels, are now keen on cooperation. They are trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’ culture, to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe there’s more to be done. Asked what changes they’d like to see, 62％hope that “civility training will be continued”, looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support.It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorb ed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.All Must Have DegreesIn a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence. Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon. And some even go back home at midnight. Like thousands of South Koreans, they are preparing for the important exam, which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not. Degrees have become useful. Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country’s secondary schools now go straight to universities.Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees, but South Korea is an extreme case. As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before, there seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before. And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters From poor families to prove their abilities. People tend to earn more if they have degrees.Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable. A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees, even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them.The Economist’s analysis found that between 1970 and 2015, the proportion of 256 workers aged 25-64 with at least a bachelor’s degree increased. Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs, such as aviation engineers. Others are non-graduate jobs such as waiting tables. Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees, because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly. Today, having a degree is usually an entry requirement.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gossip“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him.“Empty your pockets please, Alfred,” Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice.Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he’d been caught. From his coat he withdrew a make-up kit, a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste.“I’m disappointed in you, Alfred!” said the little gray-haired man.“Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I’ve never done such a thing before.” Alfred lied, hoping to gain the old man’s sympathy.Mr Carr’s brow furrowed (皱眉) as he reached for the phone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let’s see what the police have to say. But first I’ll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.”“Do whatever you want,” Alfred shot back, trying to sound big. But deep down he felt like a child. He imagined his mother rushing in, eyes burning with anger, maybe in tears. Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr. Carr called the police.Mr. Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived. She was very calm, quiet and friendly. “Is Alfred in trouble?” she asked.“He’s been stealing from the store,” the old man coolly replied.Mrs. Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr. Carr’s arm with great g entleness as if she knew just how he felt. She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble. “What do you want to do, Mr. Carr?”The woman’s calm and gentle manner disarmed the once-angry store-owner. “I was going to get a cop. But I don’t want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I’ll let itgo.” Then he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins’s hand.Mrs. Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness, then mother and son left. They walked along the street in silence. When they arrive d home his mother simply said, “Go to bed, you fool.”In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. He felt no shame, only pride in his mother’s actions. “She was smooth!” he thought. He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was, but was shocked by what he saw.His mother’s face looked frightened, broken. Not the cool, bright face he saw earlier. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. There were tears in her eyes.This picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth ending. He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastinat ion（拖延症）”.According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’tstop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.“People who generally hav e trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Friend or UnfriendSocial networking makes it very easy to have friends –lots and lots friends. Hundreds or millions of people have joined QQ, Wechat, and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online. However, the meaning of the word “friend” seems changed. In the past, a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with. Now, anyone in the world can be yourfriend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends, but what do you do if you don’t want to have so many friends?Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse. In recent years, it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it – to “unfriend”. The new Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this: “to remove someone as a ‘friend’ from social networking site”. But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone?The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life. For example, some friends post messages much too frequently, especially those messages found to be extremely boring. They endlessly post status updates which say something like “I’m cooking dinner” or “I’m doing homework”. Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues. A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites.Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon, far more online friendships end suddenly than off-line ones. Even in this computer age, it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face. After all, that’s what friends ar e for!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from。
2019年上海市高三英语一模试卷奉贤区完形填空讲解课件
• Social scientists are of course 42 interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two 43 schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between 44 of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.
• 41. A. sensitiveB. productiveC. competitiveD. aggressive • 42. A. moderatelyB. extremelyC. reluctantlyD. Scarcely • 43. A. distinctB. reliableC. relevantD. Equal • 44. A. objectorsB. operatorsC. opponentsD. Advocates • 45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. Inherit • 46. A. completelyB. Largely C. thoroughly D. Merely • 47. A. sensitive B. Open C. Central D. Subject • 48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. Instincts 49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. Behaviorists • 50. A. Shaped B. dominated C. Oppressed D. restricted • 51. A. environmentalB. Biological C. Genetic D. Psychological • 52. A. temporary B. Slight C. fatal D. far-reaching • 53. A. on the contraryB. as a wholeC. after allD. for instance • 54. A. habitsB. responsesC. characteristics D. Advantages • 55. A. necessaryB. impossibleC. unreasonableD. likely
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Keys: 31-35 DEAHB 36-40 FCIJGSection BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Keys: 31-35 GJABD 36-40 CEIHFSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to lifestages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Keys: 31-35 GABIE 36-40 KFJCDSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, thisprocess goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Keys: 31-35 JBAED 36-40 KCFGISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Keys: 31-35 FHIAG 36-40 JKEBCSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Keys: 31-35 JEHAG 36-40 KIBFCSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Keys: 31-35 IAHBC 36-40 DFKEGSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Keys: 31-35 FCEAI 36-40 KJGBDSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Keys: 31-35 IEDCJ 36-40 AGKHFSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems. Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Keys: 31-35 ADCBF 36-40 HGJEKSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They infer this from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothi ng particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take a dvantage of that. And on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Keys: 31-35 IHFAK 36-40 GDJECSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a goo d idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Keys: 31-35 GFIDC 36-40 ABKEJSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s nece ssary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you clos er to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Keys: 31-35 JHEGC 36-40 FIAKBSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification(absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Keys: 31-35 DJCAI 36-40 KBGEHSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be ___31___ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to ___32___ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fardner ___33___ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on ___34___ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were。
2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷
2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II.GrammarandVocabulary1．（15分）ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoungWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch，I（1）（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface（5）youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan （7）wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．2．（15分）WelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe（4）castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties．WindsorCastleis（5）usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster（March﹣April）．TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）bits﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Worksofart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations．TheSta teApartmentsare（7）decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascomple ted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK．TheDrawingsGallery（9）theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen（10）inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings．III.ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture"Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thosewho（5）the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare（6）determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9），claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests．Thisleadssome"nature"supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13），saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive（2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely（3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates（5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely（7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts（9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists （10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological （12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching （13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance （14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages （15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely4．（8分）I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatRobertGordonUniversityinAberdeen，butIalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet．Idothreenightshiftsaweek，plusovertimeifIcangetit．Mondayisthemostoccupieddayforme﹣﹣Iworkfrom10pmuntil8amonSaturdayandSundaynights，earningjustover￡100anight，andthenIhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMonday．BythetimeIfinishlectures，at2pm，I'mexhausted，butIknowIhavetobebackatworkby10pm．Iconstantlyhavetoforcemyselftostayawake，andtobealert，whateverittakes．ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhelps．TheworkIdoatSainsbury'sisve ryphysicallikestackingshelves．I'mluckybecauseI'manactivepersonandtheamountIliftatworkis nothingcomparedwiththeweightsIliftinthegym．IknowIhavethestrengthtobearit．I'moriginallyfromNigeria．IcameherewhenIwasseven，growingupinCroydon，southLondon．Moneywastight．MyparentsgavemeeverythingIneeded，buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries．Iworkedhardatschoolthoughand，withthehelpofGTScholars，IgotsomeofthebestA﹣levelgradesinmyclass．Unfortunately，thoughIhadappliedfor"settled"Britishresidentialstatuswhenveryyoung，theHomeOfficewaiteduntilIwasinsixthformtoapprovemyapplication．ThatmeantIwasn'teligibl eforastudentloan．TheonlywayIcouldaffordtogotouniversitywasthatifIgotajobthatwouldpayfo rallmylivingcostsandmyparents，whoworkinmarketresearch，paidformytuitionfees．InScotland，that'sabout￡7，000ayear．Idon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob．Ideally，IwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysoIcanexcelatmycourse．Yes，Ihavealotonmyplate，butworkinghardisn'tnewtome．Growingup，myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultivatedinmetheimportanceofworking hardforwhatIwantinlife．MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherapynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS．Butrightn ow，I'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan．WheneverIfindlifehard，Itellmyselfthisisaboutmyfuture．Idon'tneedmuch，butIwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime．ThatiswhatIlookforwardtothem ost．（1）Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeeveryweek？A．Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts．B．Topayforhistuitionfees．C．Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney．D．Topayforhisownlivingexpenses．（2）Theunderlinedword"eligible"inthepassagecanbereplacedby．A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．anxious（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribetheauthor？A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage？A．Apennysavedisapennyearned．B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves．D．Wherethereislife，thereishope．5．（6分）ShouldYouBecomeaFullStackWebDeveloper？Shouldyoubecomeafullstackwebdeveloper？Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob？Ourcoursesbringyouastep﹣by﹣steppaththatwillhelpyoubecomeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtos ucceed．Readontodiscoverifit'stherightpathforyou：●WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper？Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandback﹣endwebdeveloping．Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildapplicationsfromstarttofinish，afullstackdevelopercanplan，manage，andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow﹣how．Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback﹣enddevelopersisthatfront﹣enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawebsite，whileback﹣enddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers，applications，anddatabases．Combined，theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingthatmakesawebsitefunctionproperly．Bothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell﹣roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingforjobs．Ifyouliketolearnnewconc eptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpathforyou．●DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowing Becauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper，therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions，leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates．Thejoboutlookforwebdevelopersisestimatedt ogrow13%by2026，whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations．Withanimpressiveresume，fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake﹩87，661onaverage．●GetStartedTodayWiththehelpofthecourse，youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullstackwebdeveloper．Youcanstartfrom anylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtrackyourprogressasyougo．●Here'sWhatYou'llLearnintheCourses Buildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront﹣endandback﹣endstacks LearnRubyonRails，HTML，CSS，andJavaScript DevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront﹣endframework，Angular，andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordova DesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdatabaseintegration．（1）Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispassage？A．Arts．B．Science﹣technology．C．Courses．D．Business．（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Frontandback﹣enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicationsanddatabases．B．Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionofbeingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills．C．Thejobprospectforwebdevelopersisn'tpromisinginthelongrun．D．Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdeveloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand．（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？A．Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers．B．Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper．C．Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafullstackwebdeveloper．D．Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerguide．6．（8分）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeck，onshowinthefinallegofatravellingtourthathasalreadyattractedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandt heHague，maycomeasasurprisetomany．FewoutsidetheNordic（北欧的）worldwouldrecognizetheworksofthisFinnishartistwhodiedin1946．Morepeopleshould．The12 0workshaveattheircore20self﹣portraits，halfthenumbershepaintedinall．Thefirst，dated1880，isofawide﹣eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverything．Thelastisasightingoftheartist'sghost﹣to﹣be．Prematurelygifted，Schjerfbeckwas11whensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety'sdrawingschool．"TheWoundedWarr iorintheSnow"，ahistorypainting，wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrantwhenshewas17．Schjerfbeckstudie dinParis，wentontoPont﹣Aven，Brittany，whereshepaintedforayear，thentoTuscany，CornwallandStPetersburg．Duringher1887visittoStIves，Cornwall，Schjerfbeckpainted"TheConvalescent"．Achildwrappedinablanketsitssupportedupinalargewi cker（柳条编制的）chair，toyingwithasprig（小枝条）．Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthe1889ParisWorldFairandwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSo ciety．Toamoderneyeitseemsalmostsentimental（感伤的）andismadeupforonlybythesomewhatastonished，sadexpressiononthechild'sface，whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperiences．Atfour，shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered．In1890，SchjerfbecksettledinFinland．Teachingexhaustedher，shedidnotliketheworksofotherlocalpainters，andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermother．"IfIallowmyselfthefreedomtoli veanisolatedlife"，shewrote，"thenitisbecauseithastobethatway．"In1902，Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall，industrialtownofHyvinkaa，50kilometresnorthofHelsinki．IsolationhadonedesiredeffectforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbeca meamodernpainter．Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbutaboveallmoodyyetsharpportraitso fhermother，localschoolgirls，womenworkersintown．"Ihavealwayssearchedforthedensedepthsofthesoul，whichhavenotyetbeendiscoveredbyhumansthemselves"，shewrote，"whereeverythingisstillunconscious﹣﹣thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries．"Sheexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofunderpainting，scrapedandrubbed，madebrightrosyredspots；doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious﹣﹣herownandthatofhermodels．In1913，Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist，GostaStenman．Onceagainshewasasuccess．（1）Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecause．A．herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworld B．herpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworld C．herpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseenthem D．herpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghosts（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．"TheConvalescent"isinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherchildhood．B．"TheConvalescent"isareflectionofSchejerbeck'ssentimentalchildhood．C．"TheConvalescent"ismadeasaresultofanaccidentinSchejerbeck'schildhood．D．"TheConvalescent"isfeaturedbythechild'sastonished，sorrowfulexpression．（3）Schejerbeckchosetoliveanisolatedlifemainlybecauseof．A．shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjobB．herpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyle C．shecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpaintersD．hermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalifestyle．（4）WecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacteristicsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsis ．A．hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeopleB．hercaptureofthecharacters'soulC．thesorrowfulexpressionofthecharactersD．herunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselements7．（8分）Thequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreatingamorepeacefulandlovingself．T hemorepatientyouare，themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis，ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeittobe．Withoutpatience，lifeisextremelyfrustrating．（1）Patienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlife．It'simportantforinnerpeace．（2）Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam，lateforanappointment，beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamentalsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggets outofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax．Itmightalsobeagoodtimetobreatheaswellasano pportunitytoremindyourselfthat，inthebiggerschemeofthings，beinglateis"smallstuff"．Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithdeliberatepractice．（3）TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticetheartofpatience．Lifeitselfbecomesac lassroom，andthecurriculumispatience．Youcanstartwithaslittleasfiveminutesandbuildupyourcapacityfor patienceovertime．Whatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazing．Yourintentiontobepatient，especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile，immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatience．Patienceisoneofthosequalitieswheresuccess feedsonitself．Onceyoureachlittlemilestone﹣fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience﹣you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepatient，evenforlongerperiodsoftime．Overtime，youmayevenbecomeapatientperson．Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective．Youwillseeevenadifficultsituation，sayyourpresentchallenge，isn't"lifeordeath"butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedealtwith．（4）．IV.SummaryWriting8．（15分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet．Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalsp eciestogether．Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears，andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore．Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere﹣﹣onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams，inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings．Theydigthroughtheground，jumpandsinginthetrees，andrunanddanceintheair．Theycomeinmanydifferentcoloursandvariousshapes．Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving．Theiramazingabilitytoadaptper mitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments．Theoneplacewheretheyhave notyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans．Insectscansurviveonawiderangeofnatur alandartificialfoods﹣﹣paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，otherinsects，plantsandanimals．Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces．Also，insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity：AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43，000eggsaday．Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolour．Aninsectmayberightbeforeour eyes，butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguised（伪装）likeagreenleaf，lumpofbrownsoil，graylichen（青苔），aseedorsomeothernaturalobject．Someinsectsusebright，boldcolourstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad，stingorarepoison．Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator，bitter﹣tastinginsects；hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem．V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI.GuidedWriting13．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析II.GrammarandVocabulary1．（15分）ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoungWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch，I（1）havelearned（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）abandoning（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）quit（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）togrow（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface（5）so youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）which decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan （7）what wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）Given/Havingbeengiven（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshad significantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）those whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）without raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．【考点】N6：语法填空．【分析】文章讲述了好心情对于健康的影响，越快乐心情越轻松的人更容易保持年轻．【解答】1．havelearned．考查时态，根据前面的inthepast30years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填havelearned．2．abandoning．考查非谓语，therebe句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．3．quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．4．togrow．考查不定式，causesbtodosth：使某人做某事，故填togrow．5．so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．6．which．考查连词，which指代yourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．7．what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．8．Given/Havingbeengiven．考查非谓语，thewomen与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Havingbeengiven．9．those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．10．without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．2．（15分）WelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）I continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）A andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）H tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe（4）B castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties．WindsorCastleis（5）C usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster（March﹣April）．TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）D bits﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Worksofart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations．TheStateApartmentsare（7）F decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascomple ted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）K amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK．TheDrawingsGallery（9）E theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen（10）G inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings．【考点】N8：选词填空．【分析】本文介绍了一次照片展览会．这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．【解答】IAHBCDFKEG1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断，以符合题目要求．III.ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture"Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）C．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）B interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）A schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）D ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thosewho（5）B the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare（6）B determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）C tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）D．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9）D，claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）A bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）A stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）D．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests．Thisleadssome"nature"supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13）A，saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）B thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）D thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive（2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely（3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates（5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely（7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts（9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists （10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted （11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological （12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching （13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance （14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages （15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely【考点】M2：社会文化．【分析】人们很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．本文介绍了两种理论，并且对此提出例子来说明．【解答】CBADBBCDDAADABD（1）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感B．productive生产C．competitive竞争D．aggressive好斗．很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．故选C．（2）B．副词词意辨析题．A．moderately适度地B．extremely非常C．reluctantly不情愿地D．scarcely几乎不．社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣．故选B．（3）A．形容词词意辨析题．A．distinct明显的B．reliable可靠的C．relevant相关的D．equal平等的．目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种明显的、截然不同的思想流派．故选A．（4）D．名词词意辨析题．A．objectors反对者B．operators经营者C．opponents对手D．advocates主张．正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论．故选D．（5）B．动词词意辨析题．A．claim要求B．support支持C．resolve决定D．inherit 继承．那些支持"自然"的人，相信我们的个性是由生物因素决定的．故选B．（6）B．副词词意辨析题．A．completely完全地B．largely主要地C．thoroughly彻底地D．merely仅仅．人的行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的．故选B．（7）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感的B．open打开C．central中心的D．subject 主题．我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这是这一理论的核心．故选C．（8）D．名词词意辨析题．A．abilities能力B．capacities能力C．personalities诽谤D．instincts本能．极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配．故选D．（9）D．名词词意辨析题．A．experts专家B．scientists科学家C．environmentalists 环保主义D．behaviorists行为．"后天培养"理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要．故选D．（10）A．动词词意辨析题．A．shaped塑造B．dominated控制C．oppressed压迫D．restricted 限制．行为学家认为，人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的．故选A．（11）A．形容词词意辨析题．A．environmental环境的B．biological生物的C．genetic 遗传的D．psychological心理的．他们指出，就像机器一样，人类对环境刺激的反应是其行为的基础．故选A．（12）D．形容词词意辨析题．A．temporary暂时的B．slight轻微的C．fatal致命的D．far。
2019届奉贤区高三英语一模试卷
Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ATo Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section BDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter(March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most 36___________ bits--the State Apartments, ST. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiositics and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are 37_______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It 38________ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery 39_________ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibitionpresents portraits of the Queen 40________ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is 41 ____.Social scientists are of course 42_________ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two43______schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debated between 44________ of each theory. The controversy(争论)is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”Those who 45 ________ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are 46_________ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is 47________ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 48 ______.Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or , as they are often called, 49 ________, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorists’ s view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 51________ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are 52 _______. In the US, for example, blacks often score below white on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature”supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53________ ,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 54 ________that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55_______ that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41.A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42.A. moderately B. extremely C.reluctantly D. scarcely43.A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44.A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45.A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46.A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47.A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48.A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instinct49.A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalist D. behaviorists50.A. shaped B. prioritized C. oppressed D. restricted51.A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52.A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53.A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54.A . habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55.A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shiftsa week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries.I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myselfthis is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have morefree time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.（B）Should you become a full stack web developer?What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well versed in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledgeof what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage,and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers isthat front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg upwhen applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlookfor web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. With a versatile and robust CV, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.Get Started TodayWith our guide, you will learn everything you need to know in order to succeed as a full stackweb developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and trackyour progress as you go.Here’s what you’ll learn:Build web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applicationswith Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60.In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?A.ArtsB. Science-technologyC. CoursesD. Business61.Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?A.Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases.B.Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills.C.The job prospect for web developer isn’t promising in the long run.D.You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have someexperience beforehand.62.What is the main purposes of this passage?A.To advertise for full stack web developersB.To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C.To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D.To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.（C）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic world would recognise the work of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist’s ghost-to-be.Precociously gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society’s drawing school. "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow", a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent". A child wrapped in a blanket sits propped up in a large wicker(柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig（小纸条）. The picture wona bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a moderneye it seems almost sentimental（感伤） and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned, melancholy expression on the child’s face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck’s early experiences.At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the work of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother (who lived until 1923). "If I allow myself the freedom to live a secluded life", she wrote, "then it is because it has to be that way." In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet incisive portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town。
2019-2020学年上海市奉城高级中学高三英语一模试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海市奉城高级中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt’s the time of year when we start hiking. As you pack, remember to bring your smartphone. Whether you’re going on a short walk or a long trip, there are a handful of apps that can help.MapMyHikeThis app tracks where you're hiking so you have a mapof your route at the end of the hike. It can also track other fitness information like the distance traveled, speed, pace, and even calories burned. You can save the data for your hike, so you can always access the route you look as well as track improvements to your workout. GaiaGPSYou don't always have cellphone service when hiking, but you always want to know where you are. The GaiaGPS app provides that information. Download maps of different parts of the world, and access the GaiaGPS app in the middle of even the most remote trails. The GPS function makes using the maps simple, and the app will also point to areas of interest.Backpacking ChecklistOne of the worst things is being way out on a trail only to discover you left behind something important. That's why checklists are the best. This checklist app helps you build a customized(定制的) list of things to take with you. Organize different lists based on trail lengths or requirements. Track all your essential items by weight and where you can find them.WildObsUsing WildObs, you can record your observations of plants and animals and add them to the database. You can ask the community to help you identify something and keep track of everything you've met, and most importantly, you can become a citizen scientist. By recording what you've seen with this app, you're helping scientists keep track of what's happening to the natural world.1. What can you do with MapMyHike?A. Record your walking speed.B. Design a suitable hiking route.C. Locate popular tourist attractions.D. Store the data of your daily activities.2. What is WildObs intended to do?A. To provide survival skills.B. To lead the way.C. To identify wildlife.D. To help make preparations.3. Which app is most useful before hiking?A. GaiaGPS.B. MapMyHike.C. WildObs.D. Backpacking Checklist.BLast summer, Maria and her mother moved from their house in the countryside to a flat building in Chicago. Maria really liked some things about the city, but she missed her house and yard in the countryside.One day, Maria was in her flat building when she noticed her neighbor, Mrs. Garcia, carrying a gardening tool and a bag of soil. Maria wondered how Mrs. Garcia was able to garden in the city.“My mom used to grow the most delicious vegetables, and I know she misses her garden now that we don’t have a yard,” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia laughed. “I’ll show you,” she said.Maria thought that Mrs. Garcia would take her to the park, but she took her to the roof. When the door opened, Maria was surprised to see rows of flowers and vegetables on the roof.“What a wonderful garden!” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia told Maria that for a long time the roof was just an empty space. Then some of the people in the building asked the owners to turn it into a community garden. The building owners liked the idea because the plants not only helped to keep the air clean, but they also helped to keep the building cooler during warmer weather.“I plant flowers in my own place,” Mrs. Garcia said, “but you would be surprised by how different the plants are up here. Some people grow vegetables just like your mom. You can do some of the same things in the city as in the countryside. You just have to be creative!”4. Where did Mrs. Garcia take Maria to one day?A. The park.B. The roof.C. The garden in front of her house.D. The countryside.5. Which of the following is NOT the good side of the community garden?A. It made the building stronger.B. It helped keep the air clean.C. It helped keep the building cooler.D. It used the empty space well.6. After Maria visited the garden, she would most probably ask her mom to ________.A. go back to the countrysideB. pick flowers from the gardenC show her around the park D. grow vegetables on the roof7. What is the best title for this passage?A. A Creative LadyB. An Empty RoofC. A Rooftop GardenD. A Special BuildingCAfter finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-programcalled "Clear Plate" on his phone and took a picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence. The credit points can be used to buy gifts, such as books, cellphones and red wine, or to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas.The "Clear Plate" mini-program has become popular among young Chinese. Similar campaigns like an "empty plate challenge" are alsoon the horizonin many Chinese universities."Technological innovation is a good way to reduce food waste," said Liu Jichen. Founder of the start-up that developed the app. The idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that the restaurant owner would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected. "Everyone who values food is bound to enjoy a sense of gain at a lower cost," Liu mentioned this case, noting that such an idea could potentially be realized online.He formeda team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI system to assess whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates. To make the AI system smarter，Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1, 000 others, spent half a year collecting over100,000 samples from canteens and restaurants across the country and analyzed the data. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the start-up to cooperate on the project. Through the digitalized, visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce food waste. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to develop the habit of thrift(节约)," Liu said.8. What does the underlined phrase "on the horizon" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Likely to decrease.B. Likely to succeed.C. Likely to change.D. Likely to appear.9. What caused Liu Jichen to develop the "Clear Plate" app?A. Food waste afterdinner.B. The idea of the restaurant owner.C. Small gifts sent by his friends.D. Charity meals donated to children.10. What was difficult for the project Liu's team worked on?A. Making the AI system smarter.B. Assessing the uploaded photos.C. Collecting samples from canteens and restaurants.D. Encouraging people to develop the habit of thrift.11. What is the text mainly about?A. AI programs becoming popular.B. AI programs appearing in many Chinese universities.C. AI programs encouraging diners toclear their plates.D. AI programs collecting pictures of clearing diners' plates.DUnderstanding the link between a clean environment and human life is not a new concept. In fact, it was noticed as early as ancient Rome. Today we see how green living has infiluenced our everyday lives. There is a growing community of people who embrace a zero waste lifestyle and make changes to the way they live to reduce their carbon footprint.Living a zero waste lifestyle means doing one’s best to achieve the aim of not sending anything to a landfill. People who adopt this lifestyle ultimately cut down on their waste by reducing what they need and want. They reuse what they own, sending few things to be recycled.Many people who adopt the zero waste lifestyle claim to be frustrated by the many harmful chemical substances found in beauty and cleaning products. They also find the uses of disposable items and excessive packaging. For example, how many times have we had to peel away layers of plastic wrap and cardboard before finally taking out the item which we had bought? Instead of buying pre-packed food and goods, those who identify with the zero waste philosophy tend to shop in stores that allow them to make purchases and bring their own cloth bags and glass jars to store their purchases.Many people may have the misconception that it is easier to live a zero waste lifestyle in the West. Nevertheless, Malaysian environmental journalist, Ms. Aurora Tin, has proven that a zero waste lifestyle is possible even in the Asian context. Instead of going to the supermarket to buy pre-packaged foods, Ms. Tin now visits the wet market and brings her own bags for vegetables. She has even stopped using store-bought toothpaste and makes her own toothpaste from coconut oil and baking soda. This lifestyle may be too big a change for the average person, but we could follow her suit to make gradual changes to our own lives.12. Which of the following is a zero waste lifestyle?A. Bringing a resuable container to take away food.B. Choosing appliances that cost less money.C. Turning off a device to stop using power.D. Classifying the garbage before throwing it away.13. What may disappoint a person who adopts a zero waste lifestyle?A. Recycable carboard.B. Excessive packaging.C. Glass jars to store purchases.D. Natural substances in cleaning products.14. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How do people live a zero waste lifestyle.B. Why Ms. Tin chooses to live a zero waste lifestyle..C. We can also practice a zero waste lifestyle in Asia.D. It is easy to live a zero waste lifestyle in the West.15. What is the best title of the passage?A. Living a zero waste lifestyle.B. Going green ismore than a fashion.C. A zero waste lifetyle is easy to achieve.D. Making environmentally-conscious decisions.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海格致中学奉贤校区高三英语一模试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海格致中学奉贤校区高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOlder adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症) and other cognitive (认知的) issues, a new study finds.Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors' (ages 65 to 85) dementia risk and cognitive abilities, finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours. Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle, especially as they get older.As adults age, it's common for their sleep patterns to change or becomedisrupted— leading to longer, shorter, or more irregular sleep. This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday behaviors. Sleep disruption can also be caused by or heighten depression, cardiovascular disease（冠心病）, and other conditions.A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours, the researchers said. Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep, while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid, a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimer's. In addition, the researchers used several tests for memory, attention, spatial skills, and executive function to identify patients' cognitive abilities. Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia, the researchers found. The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests, while those with higher sleep (more hours) performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the brain's ability to switch between different tasks.―The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life, Winer told CNN.1. What does the underlined word “disrupted” in paragraph 4 mean?A. difficultB. disorderedC. dissolvedD. different2. According to the findings, which of the following is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?A. It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.B. It may contribute to dementia, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.C. Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.D It tends to bring all the old people to undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.3. What can we infer from the study?A. A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.B. Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.C. Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.D. Keeping a healthy sleep for older adults late in life is crucial.BHumans have found an easy way to tell if others are lying. Recent research shows that the best way so far is being clever at how you ask questions and listen to the answers.Much of this research is based on the idea that telling a lie is simply harder mental work than telling the truth. Making up a story takes more effort than simply recording something that happened. And like a writer, a liar has to keep all the unreal details in his memory and sound believable when he explains them.One method that seems to work is asking them to tell their story in reverse order. This is harder when the story isn't true and makes it easier for you to tell they are lying. An even more basic way that helps is to just ask more questions, especially unexpected ones. Truth-tellers can easily find more to say, but it's a challenge for a liar to come up with something that's not in his prepared story.Researchers suggest that you shouldn't lay all your cards on the table at the start, but only gradually present what proof you have. The liars' stories may not agree with that proof, making it clear that they're lying.So it looks like there are ways to increase the chances of catching a liar; we've just been basing our methods on the wrong stories. Low-tech ways of causing people to make mistakes in conversation seem to work better than any science about eye movement or machines used to recognize a liar. To find a liar, watch less and listen more.4. Why does the author mention the writer?A. To show it's hard to make up lies.B. To show it's hard to recognise a liar.C. To show writers know liars best.D. To show writers are very clever.5. What do we know about liars?A. They often have much to say.B. They often ask many questions.C. They usually prepare a made-up story.D. They usually feel good about themselves.6. What advice is given to help people catch liars?A. Asking them to set their stories down.B. Presenting your proof one by one.C. Telling different stories to them.D. Letting them ask questions.7. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Why People LieB. How to Stop People LyingC. Low-tech Ways to Find a LiarD. LiarsAre Smarter than ThoughtCYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move ontheir own, “The art form amazes me, because it combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China in Beijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft by himself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency in Beijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned to Chengdu to open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are many more creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.9. Why did Yu quit his job in Beijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family in Chengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.10. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.11. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.DThe COVID-19 vaccination（接种疫苗）rate in the US has fallen to newlows in recent weeks, threatening President Joe Biden’s goal of having 70 percent of American adults with at least one shot by July 4.With just less than one month from July 4, the current vaccination rate will put the US at somewhere between 67 percent and 68 percent of the adult population with at least one dose（剂量）by Independence Day. To reach 70 percent by July 4, around 1.6 percent of the population needs to get their first dose per week from now until July 4.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC）reported last week that 63 percent of adults hadreceived their first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. That was up slightly from 62 percent from the report a week before. The additional 1 percent of adults completing their first dose is the lowest since the CDC started tracking the vaccination rate in mid-February.On average, fewer than 1 million shots are given out per day, a decline of more than two-thirds from the peak of 3.4 million in April, The Washington Post reported. In South Carolina, about 71,000 residents got a shot in the week leading up to June 3, compared to a high of nearly 300,000 in one week in early April, according to data fromthe CDC.The slowdown is moreprominentacross the South and Midwest. Twelve states have seen vaccinations fall to 15 daily shots per 10,000 residents. Less than a quarter of black Americans had received their first COVID-19 shot as of June 7.James Hildreth, CEO of Meharry Medical College, told Politico, “We need to make a stronger effort to bring the vaccine to the communities, rather than relying on the communities to come to vaccination centers.”The sharp decline in vaccination began in mid-April when federal officials temporarily stopped the use of the Johnson＆Johnson vaccine while they investigated rare blood-clotting（凝血）reactions.The “low-hanging fruit—thosepeople who ly want to get vaccinated without you telling them anything” have already been vaccinated, which has led to the slowdown, Dr Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said on a White House-organized call with community leaders last week, according to the Post.12. What can we learn from the text?A. Dr Anthony Fauci is in charge of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.B. In South Carolina, about 300,000 residents got a shot in the week leading up to June 3C. In mid-April federal officials temporarily suspended the Johnson＆Johnson vaccine.D. Less than one fourth of Americans had received their first COVID-19 shot by June 7.13. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “prominent” in Para. 5?A. Meaningful.B. Obvious.C. Inspiring.D. Complex.14. How can America increase the COVID-19 vaccination rate according to James Hildreth?A. By giving the vaccine shot at the communities.B. By offering the vaccine to the public for free.C. By frequently informing the public of the vaccine.D. By urging the communities to come to vaccination centers.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Biden wishes to have 70% of adults with one shot by July 4B. CDC has been trackingthe vaccination rate since mid-FebruaryC. Some Americans need to get vaccinated without telling them toD. Biden’s July 4th vaccine goal may be missed第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海格致中学奉贤校区高三英语一模试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海格致中学奉贤校区高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe “laugh out loud” face is officially the world’s most popular emoji, according to researchers from Adobe (ADBE) who surveyed 7,000 users across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, and South Korea.The “thumbs up” emoji came in second, followed by the “red heart” emoji. The flirtatious “wink and kiss” and “sad face with a tear” emojis respectively rounded out the top five.The software maker on Thursday released the findings from its 2021 Global Emoji Trend Report ahead of World Emoji Day on Saturday.Adobe’s latest Emoji Trend report also examined the three most misunderstood emojis in the world. The “eggplant” symbol edged out the “peach” and the “clown” emojis respectively as the most confusing for users.The vast majority of emoji users (90%) believe the modern —day hieroglyphs make it easier for them to express themselves. Eighty — nine percent of respondents said emojis simplify communicating across language barriers. And 67% said they think people who use emojis are friendlier, funnier and cooler than those who don’t. A slight majority of respondents said they are more comfortable expressing emotions through emojis than talking on the phone or in —person. More than half of global emoji users (55%) said using emojis in communications has positively impacted their mental health. Seventy — six percent of those surveyed said emojis are an important communication tool for creating unity, respect and understanding. And 88% said they feel more empathetic toward people who use emojis.1.What are the three most popular emojis according to the passage?A.clown thumbs up laugh out loudugh out loud thumbs up wink and kissugh out loud thumbs up red heartD.thumbs up red heart sad face with a tear2.Which emoji is the most confusing one for users?A.Peach.B.Eggplant.C.Clown.D.Wink and kiss.3.Which of the following best describes the attitude of most people surveyed to emojis?A.Favorable.B.Passive.C.Indifferent.D.Doubtful.BJack was 11 months old in the spring of 2015 when his parents, Erika and Christopher, recognized his development was not progressing as it should. The feeling was familiar to the couple. Just a few months earlier, Jack’s brother Chase, who is 16 months older, had been diagnosed with autism(自闭症) after he did not reach motion and language standards as expected.Jack’s behaviors were similarly delayed, and his parents moved quickly to seek help. Today, Jack is 5 — he celebrated his birthday on May 13 — and he can speak in full sentences and read. After two years at a preschool that specializes in services for children with developmental disabilities, he will start kindergarten in theSmithtownschool district in September. “Our family’s experience is a good example of the power and effectiveness of early intervention. The services our boys have received made all the difference,” the parents said.According to scientists, autism can be detected at 18 months or younger, and by age 2 a diagnosis can be considered “very reliable.” The parents said they were happy with Chase’s success at the learning center, but still had concerns for Jack because he was not speaking. Developing social and communication skills can be among the greatest challenge for individuals with autism, even if they are able to say a few words early on. “We didn’t know if he was ever going to talk,” Erika said. “That was my biggest fear. We just didn’t know.”Looking ahead, the parents are cautiously optimistic about Jack’s next educational move. He doesn’t handle change well, they said, and he likes to know his routine. Still, they expressed confidence that his time at the learning center has given him the skills he needs to be successful.4. How did Jack’s parents know he suffered from autism?A. They found the baby clever.B. They judged by their experience.C. They found he didn’t develop.D. They checked on him in the hospital.5. What did the parents think of the early intervention?A. It made no difference to the babies.B. It benefitted the babies greatly.C. It got their babies more disabled.D. It helped their babies speak fluently.6. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. Autism can be confirmed at 18 months old.B. Jack’s parents were confident about his motor skills.C. Chase’s parents were doubtful about his developmentD. Jack’s parents worried about his language skills most.7. What is the text mainly talking about?A. Autism can be curedif parents take actions early.B. Parents should be confident about their children’s future.C. Early intervention in autism could improve children’s life.D. Communication skills should be developed as early as possible.CA 10-year-old swimmer with sky-high dreams and a name to match them has broken a record previously held by Olympian Michael Phelps.Clark Kent Apuada, whose friends call him“Superman", swam the 100-meter butterfly in 1:09.38 at the Far Western Long Course Championships in his home state of California this Sunday. That's a second faster than the record Phelps set at the same event in 1995 with a time of 1: 10. 48 in the same category of boys under 10.Clark, a rising fifth-grader who is Filipino-American, told HuffPost he's been dreaming about breaking Phelps' record ever since he started swimming competitively at age 7."I was so motivated,"Clarksaid about his win."I was so happy that I was able to beat that record.”Phelps competed in his first Olympics at age 15. He went on to become the mostdecoratedOlympian in history, with 28 medals overall. “Everyone in the crowd was excited when they realized what a special swim they had just seen when we announced the long-standing record had been broken,"Cindy Rowland,Pacific Swimming's director, wrote in an email.Clarkwon first place for all the swimming events he competed in at this year's Far Western Championships. Pacific Swimming or PacSwim, a regional association that is part of USA Swimming, organizes the Far Western Long Course Championships. Cynthia Apuada,Clark' s mother,said that her child seems to be “living by his name at this point”。
13. 2019奉贤区高三英语一模卷
2019.1 奉贤区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷(满分：140分考试时间：120分钟)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theatre.C. In a meeting room.D. At the office.2. A. Boss and clerk. B. Teacher and student.C. Policeman and driver.D. Doctor and nurse.3. A. The demand of the job market. B. The location of the hotel.C. The damage to the environment.D. The solution to the issue.4. A. Green. B. Light blue. C. Green and blue. D. Yellow.6. A. He prefers to eat out. B. He wants to order the food.C. He doesn't like Japanese food.D. He hopes to pay for the meal.7. A. It's better than it used to be. B. It's not as good as it was.C. It's better than people say.D. It's even worse than people say.8. A. Confused. B. Annoyed. C. Embarrassed. D. Bored.9. A, She won't go to the beach if it rains.B. She would like the man to go to the beach.C. It will clear up tomorrow.D. It was pouring when she was at the beach.10. A. Trying to make a map. B. Painting the dining room.C. Discussing a house plan.D. Cleaning the kitchen.Section B (15分)Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. Because he looked like a musician.B. Because he was a musician of much influence.C. Because he showed an interest in music.D. Because he was good at playing comet.12. A. His tale begins in New Orleans.B. He was born before jazz was invented.C. His music was popular with his listeners.D. He learned popular music at a boy's home.13. A. The Invention of the Jazz Music.B. The Father of the Jazz Music.C. The Making of a Musician.D. The Spread of Popular Music.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It was expected to be a disaster.B. It turned out to be a disaster.C. It was spoiled by one girl.D. All the students enjoyed it.15. A. A thrilling exploration in the desert.B. How GPS saved the survivors.C. What is GPS and how it works.D. The danger of space exploration.16. A. It was created mainly for scientific research.B. It works better in fine weather conditions.C. It must be located on three satellites.D. Its service is free of charge.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Computer problems. B. Computer-related crimes.C. Healthcare.D. Computer-related injuries and problems.18. A. Not mentioned. B. Not too close.C. Half a meter away.D. About an arm's length away.19. A. Having a good chair.B. Keeping your feet flat on the floor.C. Crossing one's legs.D. Keeping arms and hands relaxed on the keyboard.20. A. There are not so many physical problems despite the wide use of computers.B. A good chair enables people to keep their feet flat on the floor.C. Dr. Kwan's advice is given to those who suffer from computer-related injuries.D. People should avoid sitting in front of computers for too long without walking around.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, /ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It's probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) __________ (learn) that realkeys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There's no point (22) __________ (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) __________ (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞）(24) __________ (grow) thatit actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) __________ __________ you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) __________ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than (27) __________ was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) __________ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres (染色体端粒) compared with (29) __________ who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) __________ raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section B (10分)Directions: Fill in each blank with. a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly l,000 years it has been (31) ______ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主) one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against (32) ______ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western (33) ______ to the capital. The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the (34) ______ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is (35) ______ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month overEaster (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most (36) ______ bits -- the State Apartments, St. George's Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are (37) ______ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It (38) ______ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery (39) ______ the exhibition "The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years". The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen (40) ______ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the content."Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is 41 .Social scientists are of course 42 interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two 43 schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between 44 of each theory. The controversy (争论) is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture".Those who 45 the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are 46 determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is 47 to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our 48 .Supporters of the "'nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, 49 , claim that our environment is-more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely 50 by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 51 stimuli（刺激）as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are 52 . In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53 , say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 54 that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55 that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. prioritized C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55- A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection B (22分)Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury's to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if l can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over￡100 a night, and then I have to.be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 pm, I'm exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves. I'm lucky because I'm an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I'm originally from Nigeria. 1 came here when I was seven, growing up in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn't eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that's about ~7,000 a year.I don't have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have moretime to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn't new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don't need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word "eligible" in the passage can be replaced byA. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe theauthor?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.(B)Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer?Should you become a full stack web developer? What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed. Read on to discover if it's the right path for you:*What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage, and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined, they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.* Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the averagerate for all occupations. With an impressive resume, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.* Get Started TodayWith the help of the courses, you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go.* Here's What You'll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacks.Learn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?A. Arts.B. Science-technology.C. Courses.D. Business.61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications anddatabases.B. Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand forskills.C. The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run.D. You can't start to learn the courses of being a full stack web developer unless you havesome experience beforehand.62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To advertise for full stack web developers.B. To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C. To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D. To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.(C)The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic (北欧的) world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be.Prematurely gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school. "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow", a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Comwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Comwall, Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent". A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker (柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig （小枝条） . The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤）and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished, sad expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired bySchjerfbeck's early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the works of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother. "If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life", she wrote, "then it is because it has to be that way." In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modem painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town."I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves", she wrote, "where everything is still unconscious -- there one can make the greatest discoveries." She experimented with different kinds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious -- her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success.63. Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because ______.A. her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB. her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC. her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD. her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood.B. "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood.C. "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood.D. "The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished, sorrowful expression.65. Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because _A. she was exhausted by her teaching jobB. her personality preferred this kind of life styleC. she could not appreciate the works of the other local paintersD. her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style66. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck'spaintings is ______.A. her vivid characterization of common peopleB. her capture of the characters' soulC. the sorrowful expression of the charactersD. her unconscious sense of some mysterious elementsSection C (8分)Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. 67 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.68 If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff".Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 69 They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.70IV. Summary Writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible:71. A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere – on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised (伪装) like a green leaf, lumpof brown soil, gray lichen (青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright. bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.第II卷(共40分)V. Translation (15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-Care Strategies for College StudentsMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. (67) ________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. (68) _________ Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. (69) ________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? (70) ________By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels –you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Nowhere To Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your Face The human face is a remarkable piece of work. (67)________. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.(68)_________. In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. (69)________. Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.(70)________. Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing---and we still have the numbers... by a lot.(67)_________”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”Brice-Hyde said, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).(68)_________ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising—and not. If you’ve been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren’t all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work “always” or “often” stressful;27 percent of educators said they’ve been threatened, bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we’re seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn’t seem to come easily for p eople, and this is definitely true for teachers. (69)________ We think it’s time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, We are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health. Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care, along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators.(70)_________ And it’s pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place—be a good teacher.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired.(67)________First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes: “(68)________”FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent). (69)________ My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously. (70)________ That’s b lackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly establ ished financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) ________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. (68) _________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctl y composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? (69) ________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) _________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences. (67)_________ Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.(68)________ However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what you want to do. Look at other unsuccessful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them. They took time to learn and mastered their craft like no one else. There is no elevator to success; you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different than anyone else’s out there in the world. (69)_________.You don’t have to live your lif e in a way society wants you to. (70)________ Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children haveselected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. (67)________ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.(68)________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.(69)________ They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death”but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.(70)________.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(击掌) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response, (67)________ Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters （龙虾）feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are two dissimilar to vertebrates（脊椎动物）to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations. (68)________ In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods. (69)_________ To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn't a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes( 点击) a lobster. (70)_________ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.C. This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off-gassing.D. Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough, and the danger of exposure is scarier still.E. The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used in car construction.F. Fortunately, high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a few months after manufacture.Is New-car Smell Bad for Your Health?The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous.(67)_______ Many of these contain volatile (挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”(68)________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system—or even cancer. (69)________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.(70)________ It is the release of chemical vapours, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Traffic Regulation and Accident PreventionWe live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. (67)_________Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. (68)________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.(69)________ It’s all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. (70)_______ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019. (67) Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. (68) The musical’s scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened.And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.(69) To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group — people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences, white-collar and even gold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivate the public and get them into the theater.(70) There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Travel the World by BikeRachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. Theyvisited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.“Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,” Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. (67)________”A growing communityDennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day.“We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,” Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.” Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year.“When you get older, your health is the number one priority.” he said, “(68)________”Seeing the places in between“Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that ma ny backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,” Patrick said. “(69)_______” The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said.Financial flexibility to travelThis is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time.They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget.“(70)________” Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.”Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in thebox. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000 participants.(67)________.The word “we” moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent. “(68)________. Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily.(69)________. The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US.(70)_________. As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel depressed. But "we-talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others.So next time you are talking to a friend, try using more "we-talk". You may find yourself feeling more positive--and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Help Migrant WorkersThere is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year’s toil in his pocket is the best thing he c an think of. (67)________. They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible。
2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷及参考答案
2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary1．（15分）To Be Joyful，To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？It's probably not what you think．In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research，I （1）（learn）that real keys are pleasure，joy and freedom．Joy of living is sustainable；fear of dying is not．Why？Because life is to be enjoyed．There's no point （2）（abandon）something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better，and quickly．When people eat more healthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，and manage stress better，they find they feel so much better，so quickly．It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．When you exercise and eat right，your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen，so you become smarter，have more energy，and need less sleep．Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow）that it actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow，so your skin glows more and wrinkles less．You look younger and more attractive．In contrast，an unhealthy diet，lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）you age more quickly．Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower，（6）decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely．This is why smokers look years older than they really are．One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7）was objectively occurring in their lives．（8）（give）a questionnaire，the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felteach day．The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with （9）who felt more relaxed．Contrarily，some of the women who felt relaxed （10）raising a disabledchild had more normal﹣appearing telomeres．In other words，if you feel stressed，you are stressed．2．（15分）A．uprising B．original C．frequently D．spectacularE．features F．luxuriously G．captured H．approachesI．inhabited J．matters K．ranksWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain．Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1）continuously，and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主）one after the other．Some were great builders，strengthening the Castle against （2）and rebellion；others，living in more peaceful times，created a grand Royal residence．William the Conqueror chose the site，high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground．It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3）to the capital．The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4）castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home，where she usually spends the weekend，and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties．Windsor Castle is （5）used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents．Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．The Castle is huge，so people tend to head for the most（6）bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments，St．George's Chapel，the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House．Works of art，antique furniture，curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations．The State Apartments are（7）decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．The magnificent and beautiful St．George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII．It （8）among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．The Drawings Gallery（9）the exhibition "The Queen：60 Photographs for 60Years"．The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10）in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．III. Reading Comprehension3．（30分）"Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed．However，it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is （1）．Social scientists are of course （2）interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour．There are no clear answers yet，but two （3）schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other，and there is a great deal of debate between （4）of each theory．The controversy （争论）is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．Those who（5）the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6）determined by biological factors．That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behaviour is （7）to this theory．Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）．Supporters of the "nurture" theory，or，as they are often called，（9），claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist，B．F．Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10）by their surroundings．The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic．They state that，like machines，humans respond to （11）stimuli（刺激）as the basis of their behaviour．Socially and politically，the consequences of these two theories are （12）．In the US，for example，blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests．This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are．Behaviorists，（13），say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmentaladvantages that whites enjoy，and that，as a result，they do not develop the same （14）that whites do．Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour．As a matter of fact，it is quite （15）that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely（3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely（7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts（9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists （10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological （12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching （13）A．on the contrary B．as a whole C．after all D．for instance （14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages （15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely4．（8分）I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen，but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury's to make ends meet．I do three night shifts a week，plus overtime if I can get it．Monday is the most occupied day for me ﹣﹣I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights，earning just over £100 a night，and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday．By the time I finish lectures，at 2 pm，I'm exhausted，but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm．I constantly have to force myself to stay awake，and to be alert，whatever it takes．Apacket of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps．The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves．I'm lucky because I'm an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym．I know I have the strength to bear it．I'm originally from Nigeria．I came here when I was seven，growing up in Croydon，south London．Money was tight．My parents gave me everything I needed，but there was no money to spend on luxuries．I worked hard at school though and，with the help of GT Scholars，I got some of the best A﹣level grades in my class．Unfortunately，though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young，the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application．That meant I wasn't eligible for a student loan．The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents，who work in market research，paid for my tuition fees．In Scotland，that's about £7，000 a year．I don't have much time to socialize because of my job．Ideally，I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course．Yes，I have a lot on my plate，but working hard isn't new to me．Growing up，my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life．My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS．But right now，I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can．Whenever I find life hard，I tell myself this is about my future．I don't need much，but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time．That is what I look forward to the most．（1）Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week？A．To help his parents pay off the debts．B．To pay for his tuition fees．C．To prove his ability to earn money．D．To pay for his own living expenses．（2）The underlined word "eligible" in the passage can be replaced by．A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．anxious（3）According to the passage，which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author？A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage？A．A penny saved is a penny earned．B．Actions speak louder than words．C．God helps those who help themselves．D．Where there is life，there is hope．5．（6分）Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer？Should you become a full stack web developer？What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？Our courses bring you a step﹣by﹣step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed．Read on to discover if it's the right path for you：●What is a Full Stack Web Developer？A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back﹣end webdeveloping．With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish，a full stack developer can plan，manage，and build software with general know﹣how．A core difference between front and back﹣end developers is that front﹣end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website，while back﹣end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers，applications，and databases．Combined，they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly．Both skillsets are crucial for being a well﹣rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs．If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you．●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer，there are fewer candidates applying for positions，leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates．The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026，which is faster than the average rate for all occupations．With an impressive resume，full stack web developers can make ﹩87，661 on average．●Get Started TodayWith the help of the course，you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer．You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go．●Here's What You'll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front﹣end and back﹣end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails，HTML，CSS，and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front﹣end framework，Angular，and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration．（1）In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage？A．Arts．B．Science﹣technology．C．Courses．D．Business．（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．Front and back﹣end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases．B．Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills．C．The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run．D．You can't start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand．（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？A．To advertise for full stack web developers．B．To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer．C．To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer．D．To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide．6．（8分）The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck，on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague，may come asa surprise to many．Few outside the Nordic（北欧的）world would recognize the works ofthis Finnish artist who died in 1946．More people should．The 120 works have at their core20 self﹣portraits，half the number she painted in all．The first，dated 1880，is of a wide﹣eyed teenager eager to absorb everything．The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost﹣to﹣be．Prematurely gifted，Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school．"The Wounded Warrior in the Snow"，a history painting，was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17．Schjerfbeck studied in Paris，went on to Pont﹣Aven，Brittany，where she painted for a year，then to Tuscany，Cornwall and St Petersburg．During her 1887 visit to St Ives，Cornwall，Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent"．A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker （柳条编制的）chair，toying with a sprig（小枝条）．The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society．To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤的）and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished，sad expression on the child's face，which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences．At four，she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered．In 1890，Schjerfbeck settled in Finland．Teaching exhausted her，she did not like the works of other local painters，and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother．"If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life"，she wrote，"then it is because it has to be that way．" In 1902，Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small，industrial town of Hyvinkaa，50 kilometres north of Helsinki．Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter．She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother，local school girls，womenworkers in town．"I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul，which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves"，she wrote，"where everything is still unconscious ﹣﹣there one can make the greatest discoveries．" She experimented with different kinds of underpainting，scraped and rubbed，made bright rosy red spots；doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious ﹣﹣her own and that of her models．In 1913，Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist，Gosta Stenman．Once again she was a success．（1）Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because．A．her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB．her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC．her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD．her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．"The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood．B．"The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood．C．"The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood．D．"The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished，sorrowful expression．（3）Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of．A．she was exhausted by her teaching jobB．her personality prefers this kind of styleC．she could not appreciate the work of the other local paintersD．her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style．（4）We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is．A．her vivid characterization of common peopleB．her capture of the characters' soulC．the sorrowful expression of the charactersD．her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements7．（8分）A．An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods．B．You are more easily annoyed and bothered．C．It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop．D．Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment，even if you don't like it．E．Without patience，you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling，frustration，hurt feelings．F．If you lack patience，you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing．The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self．The more patient you are，the more accepting you will be of what life is，rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be．Without patience，life is extremely frustrating．（1）Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life．It's important for inner peace．（2）If you are stuck in a traffic jam，late for an appointment，being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax．It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that，in the bigger scheme of things，being late is "small stuff"．Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice．（3）They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience．Life itself becomes a classroom，and the curriculum is patience．You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time．What you'll discover is truly amazing．Your intention to be patient，especially if you know it's only for a short while，immediately strengthens your capacity for patience．Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself．Once you reach little milestone﹣five minutes of successful patience ﹣you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient，even for longer periods of time．Over time，you may even become a patient person．Being patient will help you to keep your perspective．You will see even a difficult situation，say your present challenge，isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with．（4）．IV. Summary Writing8．（15分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet．More species of insects exist than allother animal species together．Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years，and may possess the ability to survive for millions more．Insects can be found almost everywhere ﹣﹣on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams，in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs．They dig through the ground，jump and sing in the trees，and run and dance in the air．They come in many different colours and various shapes．There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving．Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments．The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans．Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods ﹣﹣paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，other insects，plants and animals．Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces．Also，insects have an enormous reproductive capacity：An African ant queen can lay as many as 43，000 eggs a day．Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour．An insect may be right before our eyes，but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised（伪装）like a green leaf，lump of brown soil，gray lichen（青苔），a seed or some other natural object．Some insects use bright，bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad，sting or are poison．Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator，bitter﹣tasting insects；hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI. Guided Writing13．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析II. Grammar and Vocabulary1．（15分）To Be Joyful，To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？It's probably not what you think．In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research，I （1）have learned （learn）that real keys are pleasure，joy and freedom．Joy of living is sustainable；fear of dying is not．Why？Because life is to be enjoyed．There's no point （2）abandoning（abandon）something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better，and quickly．When people eat more healthfully，（3）quit（quit）smoking，and manage stress better，they find they feel so much better，so quickly．It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．When you exercise and eat right，your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen，so you become smarter，have more energy，and need less sleep．Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞）（4）to grow（grow）that it actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow，so your skin glows more and wrinkles less．You look younger and more attractive．In contrast，an unhealthy diet，lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）so you age more quickly．Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower，（6）which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely．This is why smokers look years older than they really are．One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7）what was objectively occurring in their lives．（8）Given/Having been given（give）a questionnaire，the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felt each day．The women who realized they were under heavy stress hadsignificantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with （9）those who felt more relaxed．Contrarily，some of the women who felt relaxed （10）without raising a disabled child had more normal﹣appearing telomeres．In other words，if you feel stressed，you are stressed．【解答】1．have learned．考查时态，根据前面的in the past 30 years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填have learned．2．abandoning．考查非谓语，there be句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．3．quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．4．to grow．考查不定式，cause sb to do sth：使某人做某事，故填to grow．5．so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．6．which．考查连词，which指代your blood vessel becoming narrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．7．what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．8．Given/Having been given．考查非谓语，the women与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Having been given．9．those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．10．without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．2．（15分）A．uprising B．original C．frequently D．spectacularE．features F．luxuriously G．captured H．approachesI．inhabited J．matters K．ranksWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain．Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1）I continuously，and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主）one after the other．Some were great builders，strengthening the Castle against （2）A and rebellion；others，living in more peaceful times，created a grand Royal residence．William the Conqueror chose the site，high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground．It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3）H to the capital．The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4）B castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home，where she usually spends the weekend，and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties．Windsor Castle is （5）C used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents．Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．The Castle is huge，so people tend to head for the most（6）D bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments，St．George's Chapel，the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House．Works of art，antique furniture，curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations．The State Apartments are（7）F decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．The magnificent and beautiful St．George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII．It （8）K among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．The Drawings Gallery（9）E the exhibition "The Queen：60 Photographs for 60 Years"．The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10）G in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．【解答】IAHBC DFKEG1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．III. Reading Comprehension3．（30分）"Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed．However，it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is （1）C．Social scientists are of course （2）B interested in these types of questions．They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour．There are no clear answers yet，but two （3）A schools of thought on the matter have developed．As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other，and there is a great deal of debate between （4）D of each theory．The controversy（争论）is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．Those who（5）B the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are （6）B determined by biological factors．That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behaviour is （7）C to this theory．Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）D．Supporters of the "nurture" theory，or，as they are often called，（9）D，claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act．A behaviorist，B．F．Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10）A by their surroundings．The behaviorists' view of the human being is。
2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷及评析
2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷及评析II.GrammarandVocabulary1．（15分）ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoung Whatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifest yle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconducti ngclinicalresearch，I（1）（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbe tter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechanges fromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatrigh t，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreeho ursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains! Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmo reattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourf ace（5）youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinec ontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinklepremature ly．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'aware nessofstresswasmoreimportantthan（7）wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealiz edtheywereunderheavystresshad significantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．2．（15分）WelcometoWindsorCastle WindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleinthew orldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchoseth esite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntinggrou nd．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesa mepositionasthoseofthe（4）castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenuse stheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformald uties．WindsorCastleis（5）usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsand presidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEas ter（March﹣April）．TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）bits ﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Workso fart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesof manydifferentroyalgenerations．TheSta teApartmentsare（7）decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfuncti ons．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedi n1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheU K．TheDrawingsGallery（9）theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen（10）inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamil ygatherings．III.ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture" Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesand behaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanothe risnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhy wepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexp ect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thos ewho（5）the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare（6）determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslit tle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosucha greatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9），claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologica llybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbein gisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencet ests．Thisleadssome"nature"support erstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13），saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacks areoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour ．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoex tremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely （3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely （7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts （9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists（10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological（12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far ﹣reaching（13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance（14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages（15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely4．（8分）I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatR obertGordonUniversityinAberdeen，butIalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet．Id othreenightshiftsaweek，plusovertimeifIcangetit．Mondayisthemostoccupieddayform e﹣﹣Iworkfrom10pmuntil8amonSaturdayandSundaynights，earningjustover￡100anight，andthenIhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMonday．Bythetim eIfinishlectures，at2pm，I'mexhausted，butIknowIhavetobebackatworkby10pm．Iconstantlyhavetofor cemyselftostayawake，andtobealert，whateverittakes．ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhel ps．TheworkIdoatSainsbury'sisve ryphysicallikestackingshelves．I'mluckybecauseI'manactivepersonandtheamountIliftatworkis nothingcomparedwiththeweightsIliftinthegym．IknowIhavet hestrengthtobearit．I'moriginallyfromNigeria．IcameherewhenIwasseven，growingupinCroydon，southLondon．Moneywastight．MyparentsgavemeeverythingIne eded，buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries．Iworkedhardatschoo lthoughand，withthehelpofGTScholars，IgotsomeofthebestA ﹣levelgradesinmyclass．Unfortunately，thoughIhadappliedfor"settled"Britishresidentialstatusw henveryyoung，theHomeOfficewaiteduntilIwasinsixthformtoapprovemyappl ication．ThatmeantIwasn'teligibl eforastudentloan．TheonlywayIcouldaffordtogotouniversit ywasthatifIgotajobthatwouldpayfo rallmylivingcostsandmyparents，whoworkinmarketresearch，paidformytuitionfees．InScotland，that'sabout￡7，000ayear．Idon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob．Ideally，IwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysoIcanexcelatmycourse．Yes，Ihavealotonmyplate，butworkinghardisn'tnewtome．Growingup，myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultiva tedinmetheimportanceofworking hardforwhatIwantinlife．MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherap ynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS．Butrightn ow，I'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan．WheneverI findlifehard，Itellmyselfthisisaboutmyfuture．Idon'tneedmuch，butIwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime．ThatiswhatIlookforwardtothem ost．（1）Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeevery week？A．Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts．B．Topayforhistuitionfees．C．Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney．D．Topayforhisownlivingexpenses．（2）Theunderlinedword"eligible"inthepassagecanbereplacedby ．A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．anxious（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribetheautho r？A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage ？A．Apennysavedisapennyearned．B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves．D．Wherethereislife，thereishope．5．（6分）ShouldYouBecomeaFullStackWebDeveloper？Shouldyoubecomeafullstackwebdeveloper？Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob？Ourcoursesbringyouastep﹣by﹣steppaththatwillhelpyoubecomeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtos ucceed．Readontodiscoverifit'stherightpathforyou：●WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper？Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandback ﹣endwebdeveloping．Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildappl icationsfromstarttofinish，afullstackdevelopercanplan，manage，andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow﹣how．Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback﹣enddevelopersisthatfront﹣enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawe bsite，whileback﹣enddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers，applications，anddatabases．Combined，theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingtha tmakesawebsitefunctionproperly．Bothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell﹣roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingfor jobs．Ifyouliketolearnnewconc eptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpa thforyou．●DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowing Becauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwe bdeveloper，therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions，leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates．Thejobout lookforwebdevelopersisestimatedt ogrow13%by2026，whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations．Witha nimpressiveresume，fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake﹩87，661onaverage．●GetStartedTodayWiththehelpofthecourse，youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullsta ckwebdeveloper．Youcanstartfrom anylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtra ckyourprogressasyougo．●Here'sWhatYou'llLearnintheCourses Buildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront﹣endandback﹣endstacks LearnRubyonRails，HTML，CSS，andJavaScript DevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront﹣endframework，Angular，andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordovaDesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdata baseintegration．（1）Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispass age？A．Arts．B．Science﹣technology．C．Courses．D．Business．（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Frontandback﹣enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicati onsanddatabases．B．Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionof beingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills．C．Thejobpro spectforwebdevelopersisn'tpromisinginthelongrun．D．Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdev eloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand．（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？A．Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers．B．Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdevel oper．C．Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafu llstackwebdeveloper．D．Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerg uide．6．（8分）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeck，onshowinthefinallegofatravellingtourthathasalreadyattr actedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandt heHague，maycomeasasurprisetomany．FewoutsidetheNordic（北欧的）worldwouldrecognizetheworksofthisFinnishartistwhodiedin1946．Morepeopleshould．The12 0workshaveattheircore20self﹣portraits，halfthenumbershepaintedinall．Thefirst，dated1880，isofawide﹣eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverything．Thelastisasighting oftheartist'sghost﹣to﹣be．Prematurelygifted，Schjerfbeckwas11whensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety'sdr awingschool．"TheWoundedWarr iorintheSnow"，ahistorypainting，wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrant whenshewas17．Schjerfbeckstudie dinParis，wentontoPont ﹣Aven，Brittany，whereshepaintedforayear，thentoTuscany，CornwallandStPetersburg．Duringher1887visittoStIves，Cornwall，Schjerfbeckpainted"TheConvalescent"．Achildwrappedinabl anketsitssupportedupinalargewi cker（柳条编制的）chair，toyingwithasprig（小枝条）．Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthe1889ParisWorldFairan dwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSo ciety．Toamoderneyeitseemsalmostsentimental（感伤的）andismadeupforonlybythesomewhatastonished，sadexpressiononthechild'sface，whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperience s．Atfour，shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered．In1890，SchjerfbecksettledinFinland．Teachingexhaustedher，shedidnotliketheworksofotherlocalpainters，andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermothe r．"IfIallowmyselfthefreedomtoli veanisolatedlife"，shewrote，"thenitisbecauseithastobethatway．"In1902，Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall，industrialtownofHyvinkaa，50kilometresnorthofHelsinki．IsolationhadonedesiredeffectforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbeca meamodernpainter．Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbut aboveallmoodyyetsharpportraitso fhermother，localschoolgirls，womenworkersintown．"Ihavealwayssearchedforthedensedept hsofthesoul，whichhavenotyetbeendiscoveredbyhumansthemselves"，shewrote，"whereeverythingisstillunconscious﹣﹣thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries．"Sheexperimented withdifferentkindsofunderpainting，scrapedandrubbed，madebrightrosyredspots；doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious﹣﹣herownandthatofhermodels．In1913，Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist，GostaStenman．Onceagainshewasasuccess．（1）Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecause．A．herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworld B．herpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworld C．herpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseen them D．herpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghosts（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．"TheConvalescent"isinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherc hildhood．B．"TheConvalescent"isareflectionofSchejerbeck 'ssentimentalchildhood．C．"TheConvalescent"ismadeasares ultofanaccidentinSchejerbeck'schildhood．D．"TheConvales cent"isfeaturedbythechild'sastonished，sorrowfulexpression．（3）Schejerbeckchosetoliveanisolatedlifemainlybecauseof．A．shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjob B．herpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyle C．shecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpainters D．hermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalif estyle．（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacte risticsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsis．A．hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeople B．hercaptureofthecharacters'soul C．thesorrowfulexpressionofthecharacters D．herunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselements7．（8分）Thequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreati ngamorepeacefulandlovingself．T hemorepatientyouare，themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis，ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeitto be．Withoutpatience，lifeisextremelyfrustrating．（1）Patienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlife．It'simport antforinnerpeace．（2）Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam，lateforanappointment，beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamenta lsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggets outofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax．Itmightalso beagoodtimetobreatheaswellasano pportunitytoremindyourselfthat，inthebiggerschemeofthings，beinglateis"smallstuff"．Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithd eliberatepractice．（3）TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticethe artofpatience．Lifeitselfbecomesac lassroom，andthecurriculumispatience．Youcanstartwithaslittleasfi veminutesandbuildupyourcapacityfor patienceovertime．Whatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazing．Your intentiontobepatient，especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile，immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatience．Patience isoneofthosequalitieswheresuccess feedsonitself．Onceyoureachlittlemilestone﹣fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience﹣you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepati ent，evenforlongerperiodsoftime．Overtime，youmayevenbecomeapatientperson．Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective．Youwillse eevenadifficultsituation，sayyourpresentchallenge，isn't"lifeordeath"butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedea ltwith．（4）．IV.SummaryWriting8．（15分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemain point（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaras possible．Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet．Morespecie sofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalsp eciestogether．Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300 millionyears，andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore．Insect scanbefoundalmosteverywhere﹣﹣onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams，inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings．Theydigthrou ghtheground，jumpandsinginthetrees，andrunanddanceintheair．Theycomeinmanydifferentcoloursa ndvariousshapes．Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurvivin g．Theiramazingabilitytoadaptper mitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironm ents．Theoneplacewheretheyhave notyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans．Insec tscansurviveonawiderangeofnatur alandartificialfoods﹣﹣paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，otherinsects，plantsandanimals．Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinys paces．Also，insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity：AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43，000eggsaday．Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivec olour．Aninsectmayberightbeforeour eyes，butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguised（伪装）likeagreenleaf，lumpofbrownsoil，graylichen（青苔），aseedorsomeothernaturalobject．Someinsectsusebright，boldcolourstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad，stingorarepoison．Othershavewingpatternsthatlooklikethe eyesofahugepredator，bitter﹣tastinginsects；hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem．V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI.GuidedWriting13．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析II.GrammarandVocabulary1．（15分）ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoung Whatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifest yle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconducti ngclinicalresearch，I（1）havelearned（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）abandoning（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbe tter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）quit（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechanges fromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreeho ursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）togrow（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains! Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmo reattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourf ace（5）so youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinec ontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）which decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinklepremature ly．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'aware nessofstresswasmoreimportantthan（7）whatwasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）Given/Havingbeengiven（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealiz edtheywereunderheavystresshad significantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）those whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）without raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．【考点】N6：语法填空．【分析】文章讲述了好心情对于健康的影响，越快乐心情越轻松的人更容易保持年轻．【解答】1．havelearned．考查时态，根据前面的inthepast30years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填havelearned．2．abandoning．考查非谓语，therebe句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．3．quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．4．togrow．考查不定式，causesbtodosth：使某人做某事，故填togrow．5．so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．6．which．考查连词，which指代yourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．7．what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．8．Given/Havingbeengiven．考查非谓语，thewomen与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Havingbeengiven．9．those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．10．without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．2．（15分）WelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleinthew orldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）I continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）A andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchoseth esite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntinggrou nd．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）H tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesa mepositionasthoseofthe（4）B castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenuse stheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformald uties．WindsorCastleis（5）C usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsand presidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster（March﹣April）．TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）D bits ﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Workso fart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesof manydifferentroyalgenerations．TheStateApartmentsare（7）F decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfuncti ons．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstar tedin1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）K amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheU K．TheDrawingsGallery（9）E theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．Theexhibitionpresentsportrait softheQueen（10）G inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamil ygatherings．【考点】N8：选词填空．【分析】本文介绍了一次照片展览会．这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．【解答】IAHBCDFKEG1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断，以符合题目要求．III.ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture" Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesand behaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanothe risnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）C．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）B interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhy wepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）A schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexp ect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）D ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thosewho（5）B the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitie sandbehaviourpatternsare（6）B determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）C tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosucha greatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）D．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9）D，claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologica llybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）Abytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbein gisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）A stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）D．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencet ests．Thisleadssome"nature"support erstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare．Behaviorists，（13）A，saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacks areoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）B thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainh umanbehaviour．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）D thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoex tremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely （3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely （7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts （9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists（10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological（12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far﹣reaching（13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance（14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages（15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely【考点】M2：社会文化．【分析】人们很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．本文介绍了两种理论，并且对此提出例子来说明．【解答】CBADBBCDDAADABD（1）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感B．productive 生产C．competitive竞争D．aggressive好斗．很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．故选C．（2）B．副词词意辨析题．A．moderately适度地B．extremely 非常C．reluctantly不情愿地D．scarcely几乎不．社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣．故选B．（3）A．形容词词意辨析题．A．distinct明显的B．reliable 可靠的C．relevant相关的D．equal平等的．目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种明显的、截然不同的思想流派．故选A．（4）D．名词词意辨析题．A．objectors反对者B．operators 经营者C．opponents对手D．advocates主张．正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论．故选D．（5）B．动词词意辨析题．A．claim要求B．support支持C．resolve 决定D．inherit继承．那些支持"自然"的人，相信我们的个性是由生物因素决定的．故选B．（6）B．副词词意辨析题．A．completely完全地B．largely 主要地C．thoroughly彻底地D．merely仅仅．人的行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的．故选B．（7）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感的B．open打开C．central中心的D．subject主题．我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这是这一理论的核心．故选C．（8）D．名词词意辨析题．A．abilities能力B．capacities 能力C．personalities诽谤D．instincts本能．极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配．故选D．（9）D．名词词意辨析题．A．experts专家B．scientists科学家C．environmentalists环保主义D．behaviorists行为．"后天培养"理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要．故选D．（10）A．动词词意辨析题．A．shaped塑造B．dominated控制。
2019-2020学年上海市奉城高级中学高三英语一模试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海市奉城高级中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANo one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.B. To introduce the early history of printing.C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.BA trip to thelibrary was like a great journey to a different country. To get there, we had to walk a mile. But our weekly journeys to the library were a piece of perfection. I had around me at one time all the people I loved best-my father and mother and brothers and sister--and all the things I loved best- quiet, space and books.I read a lot of books about science: not the spaceships my brothers preferred, but the birds and the bees--literally. I brought home a book of birds and searched the trees for anything other than robins (知更鸟). I went through a phrase of loving books with practical science experiments and used up a whole bottle of white vinegar by pouring it on the sides of our apartment building to prove that it was constructed of limestone (石灰石).One Saturday, as I wandered through the young adult section, I saw a title: Little Women, by Lousia May Alcott. I had learned from experience that titles weren’t everything. A book that sounded great on the shelf could be dull once you got it home. So I sat in a chair near the shelves to skim the first paragraphs.I read and read and read Little Women until it was time to walk home, and, except for a few essential interruptions like sleeping and eating, I did not put it down until the end. Even the freedom to watch weekend television held no appeal for me in the wake of Alcott' s story. It was about girls, for one thing, girls who could almost be like me, especially Jo. I had found someone who thought and felt the way I did.4. What can we say about the author’s family?A. They enjoyed traveling abroad.B. They were library frequenters.C. They were very fond of walking.D. They led a perfectly quiet life.5. What does the author mainly want to show in paragraph 2?A. Her different hobbies from her brothers.B. How she conducted science experiments.C. Why she loved books about the birds and the bees.D. Her reading interests during a particular period of time.6. What opinion does the author hold on books?A. Book titles can sometimes be misleading.B. Science books are as interesting as novels.C. The first few paragraphs of a book are attractive.D. Books seem duller when read in libraries than at home.7. How would the author describe Little Women?A. It helped her to discover her true character.B. It made her forget about food and sleep.C. It inspired confidence in her.D. It kept her absorbed.CAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.8. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.9. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.10. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.11. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space TravelDYou don't generally expect to put yourself in the public eye whenyou go on vacation. However when a British couple, Jessica and Edward, flew to Crete, they found themselves attracting a lot of attention after coming across a large sum of money in the street.At first, their Crete vacation hadn't been anything outside of the norm. However, it was as they were exploring the souvenir shops that everything changed. The couple were just walking down the street when Jessica suddenly kicked something lying on the ground. It looked a bit like a make-up bag and so they assumed that someone had lost it.Without hesitation, Jessica picked up the bag and opened it. She was shocked to see a lot of money in it-a total of 7,100 Euros. There was probably a lot they could do with all that money. However, the couple didn't have it in them to steal what belonged to someone else. Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money. She didn't consider that there was any other choice, so the couple handed over the money to the local police.The police found the owner, an elderly woman, and informed the couple that the woman wanted to meet them. When they eventually met at the police station, the woman was so overcome with emotion that she wouldn't stop hugging and blessing them, although they insisted they were just doing the right thing.News of what the couple had done quickly made its way around the island. The locals wanted to show them their gratitude. This included receiving free taxi rides and even an offer to have their hotel room upgraded. The couple appreciated the kindness, but it was all getting to be a bit too much. They just wanted to have a normal vacation.They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation. There's only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle.12. What is the first reaction of the couple after finding the money?A. They decided to do all with that money.B. They bought something in souvenir shops.C. They turned it over to the local police station.D. They tried to look for the owner by themselves.13. Which o£ the following can best describe the locals in Crete?A. Polite and hard-working.B. Kind and grateful.C. Sociable and honest.D. Rich and determined.14. Why do the couple hope to “fly a little more under the radar" in the last paragraph?A. They want to take fewer flights.B. They can't handle more radars.C. They hope to gain less attention.D. They don't have more money.15. What can we learn from the text?A. Good things come to kind people.B. The early bird catchesthe worm.C. Behind bad luck conies good luck.D. Money is too much for strangers.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AYou haven’t truly visited a city until you’ve experienced its nightlife. Watching a big city likeLondongradually turn dark and darker into the night is a beautiful journey of time and light. So how about taking a historical evening walk and touchingsome of the nicest areas in centralLondon? Let’s get started.6:30 pmThe walk starts on theMillenniumBridge. On the bridge, watch the scenic city across the River Thames with the skyscrapers gradually lighting up against the darkening skies.TheMillenniumBridgehas been featured in many London-based films, includingHarry Potter, and the filmGuardians of the Galaxy.7:30 pmIt’s getting dark. A fifteen-minute walk northwest fromSt Paul’s Cathedral takes you to the historic Borough Market. During the evenings, you find a lot of restaurants around the market. This is an excellent time to get your dinner.9:00 pmThe next stop isLondonBridge. This is about 6 minutes’ walk from the Borough Market. As you join other onlookers and mentally go through the nursery school rhyme of “LondonBridgeis Falling Down”, you get lost again in history. Why does the song sayLondonBridgeis falling and who is the fair lady?During theLondoncity fire of 1897,LondonBridgeserved an important role in fire control. It was one of the major structures that prevented the fire from crossing over to the other side ofLondon.11:30 pmLondonnever sleeps; it’s a few minutes to midnight and everywhere is still filled with people moving around. About four minutes away from the Golden Jubilee Bridges isTrafalgar Square, our next stop.12:00 amIt’s been a beautiful evening, hasn’t it?1. Where can you visit aGuardians of the Galaxyfilming location?A. In theSt Paul’s Cathedral.B. On theMillenniumBridge.C. In the Borough Market.D. On the Golden Jubilee Bridges.2. What can be learned about the Borough Market?A. It is far fromLondonBridge.B. It is related to a famous song.C. It is an ideal place for dinner.D. It is a modern open-air market.3. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To showLondon’s color1 ful culture.B. To introduce the scenery inLondon.C. To ask people to do outdoor activities.D. To recommend a night tour inLondon.BDoctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all, I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As 1 flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness sand said, we need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.4. What does the author say about doctors in general?A. They like flying by themselves.B. They are quick learners of CRM.C. They pretend to be good pilots.D. They are unwilling to take advice.5. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .A. his boss landed the plane too lateB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. he saved the plane by speaking upD. his boss operated on a patient6. In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .A. following flying requirementsB. making a mistake that may cost livesC. listening to what fellow doctors sayD. overreacting to different opinions7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. A Pilot-Turned DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorCWhy do you check social media? Is it to keep up with everything that your friends and family are doing? Is it to find new trendy spots to eat?Regardless of the reason, you may find yourself with different degrees of envy or discomfort after a quick look at your phone. Then you might be suffering from a phenomenon known as “Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). ”While the phenomenon of FOMO can be traced back for centuries, it had never been the issue as it is today, causing widespread discussion and research. This rise in checking social media is naturally connected to the increasing leading position that social media holds over our lives. Every time someone opens their WeChat Moments, Facebook, Twitter... etc. , they are bombarded with the highlight reels of other peoples' lives. A sunny beach, delicious-looking food, a super cute kitten-they are all uplifting photos, yet they're very likely to bring about more unhappiness than joy. You see, the first thought to come out of your mind may be “Wow, that's so cool/delicious/cute”, but then it takes a hard U-turn. You're thinking: “I wish I were there” or “my life is so boring compared to his/hers.” The more you see, the more likely you are to have these negative feelings.What's worse is the habit many people have of turning to social media in search of happiness when they are feeling down, not realizing that they are just going to end up in a negative cycle of endless disappointment.Montesquieu once said: “If one only wished to be happy, this could be easily accomplished; but we wish to be happier than other people, and this is always difficult, for we believe others to be happier than they are.”FOMO will go hand in hand with dissatisfaction and envy. Appreciate what you already have, because someone else out there in the world would gladly give everything to be you.8. What is the purpose of the questions in paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic of the passage.B. To explain the function of FOMO.C. To describe the features of FOMO.D. To give the reasons for checking social media.9. How might people feel seeing other's perfect life through social media?A. Joyful.B. Admiring.C. Comfortable.D. Envious.10. What can we conclude from Montesquieu's words in paragraph 3?A. We could turn to social media for happiness.B. We couldn't realise our dream without hard work.C. We couldn't harvest happiness through comparison.D. We could live better than others by showing ourselves online.11. What is the author's attitude towards FOMO?A. Indifferent.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Hopeful.DA North Atlantic right whale calf(幼崽) was discovered dead on the beach of an island off North Carolina. The male newborn was found on North Core Banks, part of the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The reports indicate that the animal died during birth or shortly after, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA). Scientists took DNA to determine the calf’s mother.This is the beginning of the right whale’s reproduction(繁殖) season, which begins mid-November and runs through mid-April. NOAA called this death a disastrous start to the season. Each new right whale calf brings so much hope for this badly endangered animals, and losses like this have a great impact on their recovery, NOAA said.The right whale is one of the rarest marine mammals(哺乳动物) in the world, according to NOAA. They will soon be extinct unless something is done to save it, researchers warn. This kind of whale has been experiencing an Unusual Death Event over the past three years, according to NOAA. Since 2017, at least 32 dead and 13 seriously wounded whales have been documented by the organization. “This means more than 10 percent of the remaining population,” according to NOAA.NOAA posted a piece of news on Monday, the same day they announced the calf’s death, warning boaters to be watchful as the whales are migrating(迁徙) nearly 1,000 miles along the Atlantic Coast. The organization calls for boaters to be watchful, slow down and to give these endangered whales plenty of room. They also ask all fishermen to remove their unused nets from the ocean to help avoid possibledamage.12. Why did scientists take DNA of the calf?A. To save its mother.B. To confirm its identity.C. To determine the time of its death.D. To uncover the cause of its death.13. How many right whales are left according to the passage?A. About 40.B. About 50.C. About 400.D. About 500.14. What do we know aboutNorth Atlanticright whales?A. Their reproduction season usually last about half a year.B. They are the rarest marine mammals in the world.C. They are experiencing a high death rate of newborns.D. Their habitat runs nearly 1,000 miles along the coast.15. What’s the main purpose of the news posted on Monday?A. To announce the calf’s unusual death.B. To remind boaters to watch the whales.C. To protect the boats against the whales.D. To assist the whales’ seasonal migration.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary1．(★★)To Be Joyful， To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？ It's probably not what you think． In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research，I （1）（learn） that real keys are pleasure， joy and freedom． Joy of living is sustainable； fear of dying is not．Why？ Because life is to be enjoyed． There's no point （2）（abandon）something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better， and quickly． When people eat more healthfully，（3）（quit） smoking， and manage stress better， they find they feel so much better， so quickly． It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．When you exercise and eat right， your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen， so you become smarter， have more energy， and need less sleep． Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months causedso many neurons（神经细胞）（4）（grow） that it actually increased the size of people's brains!Your face receives more blood flow， so your skin glows more and wrinkles less． You look younger and more attractive． In contrast， an unhealthy diet，lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5）you age more quickly． Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower，（6） decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely． This is why smokers look years older than theyreally are．One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7） was objectively occurring in their lives．（8）（give） a questionnaire， the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day． The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒） compared with （9）who felt more relaxed． Contrarily， some of the women who felt relaxed （10）raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres．In other words， if you feel stressed， you are stressed．★★Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain． Over a period of nearly 1，000 yearsit has been（1） continuously， and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主） one after the other． Some were great builders， strengthening the Castle against （2） and rebellion； others， living in more peaceful times，created a grand Royal residence． William the Conqueror chose the site， high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground． It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3） to the capital． The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4） castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home， where she usually spends the weekend， and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties． Windsor Castle is （5） used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents． Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March-April）．The Castle is huge， so people tend to head for the most（6） bits---the State Apartments， St． George's Chapel， the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House． Works of art， antique furniture， curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations． The State Apartments are（7） decorated formal rooms still used for state andofficial functions．The magnificent and beautiful St． George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII． It （8） among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．The Drawings Gallery（9） the exhibition "The Queen： 60 Photographsfor 60 Years"． The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10） in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings．III. Reading Comprehension3．(★★)"Nature and Nurture"People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed． However， it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not， or why one is cooperative and another is （1）．Social scientists are of course （2） interested in these types of questions． They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour． There are no clear answers yet， but two （3） schools of thought on the matter have developed． As one might expect， the two approaches are very different from each other， and there is a great deal of debate between （4） of each theory． The controversy（争论） is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture"．Those who（5） the "nature" side of the conflict believe that ourpersonalities and behaviour patterns are （6） determined by biological factors． That our environment has little， if anything， to do with our abilities，characteristics and behaviour is （7） to this theory． Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our （8）．Supporters of the "nurture" theory， or， as they are often called，（9）， claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act． A behaviorist， B． F． Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely（10） by their surroundings． The behaviorists' view of the human being is quitemechanistic． They state that， like machines， humans respond to （11）stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behaviour．Socially and politically， the consequences of these two theories are（12）． In the US， for example， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests． This leads some "nature" supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are． Behaviorists，（13）， say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy， and that， as a result， they do not develop the same （14）that whites do．Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour． As a matterof fact， it is quite （15） that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long timeis certain．（1）A． sensitive B． productive C． competitive D． aggressive（2）A． moderately B． extremely C． reluctantly D． scarcely（3）A． distinct B． reliable C． relevant D． equal（4）A． objectors B． operators C． opponents D． advocates（5）A． claim B． support C． resolve D． inherit（6）A． completely B． largely C． thoroughly D． merely（7）A． sensitive B． open C． central D． subject（8）A． abilities B． capacities C． personalities D． instincts（9）A． experts B． scientists C． environmentalists D． behaviorists（10）A． shaped B． dominated C． oppressed D． restricted（11）A． environmental B． biological C． genetic D． psychological（12）A． temporary B． slight C． fatal D． far-reaching（13）A． on the contrary B． as a whole C． after all D． for instance（14）A． habits B． responses C． characteristics D． advantages（15）A． necessary B． impossible C． unreasonable D． likely4．(★★★)I'm a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen， but I also work 38 hours a week atSainsbury's to make ends meet． I do three night shifts a week， plus overtime if I can get it． Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights， earning just over £100 a night， and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday． By the time I finish lectures， at 2 pm，I'm exhausted， but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm．I constantly have to force myself to stay awake， and to be alert， whatever it takes． A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps． The work I do at Sainsbury's is very physical like stacking shelves． I'm lucky because I'm anactive person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym． I know I have the strength to bear it．I'm originally from Nigeria． I came here when I was seven， growing up in Croydon， south London． Money was tight． My parents gave me everything I needed，but there was no money to spend on luxuries． I worked hard at school though and，with the help of GT Scholars， I got some of the best A-level grades in my class．Unfortunately， though I had applied for "settled" British residential status when very young， the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application． That meant I wasn't [eligible] for a student loan． The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents， who work in market research， paid for my tuition fees． In Scotland， that's about £7，000 a year．I don't have much time to socialize because of my job． Ideally， I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course． Yes， I have a lot on my plate， but working hard isn't new to me． Growing up， my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life．My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job workingfor the NHS． But right now， I'm just focused on trying to get the best grades I can． Whenever I find life hard， I tell myself this is about my future． I don't need much， but I would like to worry less about money and have more freetime． That is what I look forward to the most．（1）Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week？A． To help his parents pay off the debts．B． To pay for his tuition fees．C． To prove his ability to earn money．D． To pay for his own living expenses．（2）The underlined word " [eligible]" in the passage can be replaced by ．A．responsibleB． qualifiedC． feasibleD． anxious（3）According to the passage， which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author？A． Sociable．B． Diligent．C． Ambitious．D． Persistent．（4）Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage？A． A penny saved is a penny earned．B． Actions speak louder than words．C． God helps those who help themselves．D． Where there is life， there is hope．5．(★★)Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer？Should you become a full stack web developer？ What courses should you take to prepare you for the job？ Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed． Read on to discover if it's the right path for you：●What is a Full Stack Web Developer？A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing． With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish， a full stack developer can plan， manage， and build software with general know-how． A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website， while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers， applications， and databases．Combined， they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly． Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs． If youlike to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you．●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer，there are fewer candidates applying for positions， leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates． The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026， which is faster than the average rate for all occupations． With an impressive resume， full stack web developers can make ﹩87，661 on average．●Get Started TodayWith the help of the course， you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer． You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go．●Here's What You'll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails， HTML， CSS， and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework， Angular，and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration．（1）In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage？A． Arts．B． Science-technology．C． Courses．D． Business．（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A． Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks asapplications and databases．B． Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills．C． The job prospect for web developers isn't promising in the long run．D． You can't start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand．（3）What is the main purpose of this passage？A． To advertise for full stack web developers．B． To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer．C． To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer．D． To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide．6．(★★)The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck， on show in the final legof a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburgand the Hague， may come as a surprise to many． Few outside the Nordic（北欧的）world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946． More people should． The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits， half the number she painted in all． The first， dated 1880， is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything． The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be．Prematurely gifted， Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish ArtSociety's drawing school． "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow"， a history painting，was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17． Schjerfbeck studied in Paris， went on to Pont-Aven， Brittany， where she painted for a year， then to Tuscany， Cornwall and St Petersburg． During her 1887 visit to St Ives， Cornwall， Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent"． A childwrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker（柳条编制的） chair，toying with a sprig（小枝条）． The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society． To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental（感伤的） and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished，sad expression on the child's face， which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences． At four， she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered．In 1890， Schjerfbeck settled in Finland． Teaching exhausted her， she did not like the works of other local painters， and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother． "If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life"， she wrote， "then it is because it has to be that way．" In 1902，Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small， industrial town of Hyvinkaa， 50 kilometres north of Helsinki． Isolation had one desired effect for it was therethat Schjerfbeck became a modern painter． She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother， local school girls， women workers in town．"I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul， which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves"， she wrote， "where everything is still unconscious -- there one can make the greatest discoveries．" She experimented with different kinds of underpainting， scraped and rubbed， made bright rosy red spots；doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious -- her own and that ofher models． In 1913， Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist，Gosta Stenman． Once again she was a success．（1）Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because ．A． her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB． her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC． her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD． her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A． "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood．B． "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood．C． "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood．D． "The Convalescent" is featured by the child's astonished， sorrowful expression．（3）Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of ．A． she was exhausted by her teaching jobB． her personality prefers this kind of styleC． she could not appreciate the work of the other local paintersD． her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style．（4）We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is ．A． her vivid characterization of common peopleB． her capture of the characters' soulC． the sorrowful expression of the charactersD． her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements7．(★★★) The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self． The more patient you are， the more accepting you will be of what life is， rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be． Without patience， life is extremely frustrating．（1）Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life． It's important for inner peace．（2） If you are stuck in a traffic jam， late for an appointment，being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax． It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that，in the bigger scheme of things， being late is "small stuff"．Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice．（3） They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience． Life itself becomes a classroom， and the curriculum is patience． You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time． What you'll discover is truly amazing． Your intention to be patient， especially if you know it's only for a short while，immediately strengthens your capacity for patience． Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself． Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient， even for longer periods of time． Over time， you may even become a patient person．Being patient will help you to keep your perspective． You will see even a difficult situation， say your present challenge， isn't "life or death" but simplyIV. Summary Writing8．(★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet． More species of insectsexist than all other animal species together． Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years， and may possess the ability to survive for millions more． Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and onthe bottom of rushing streams， in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs． They dig through the ground， jump and sing in the trees， and run and dance in the air． They come in many different colours and various shapes．There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving． Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments． The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans． Insects can survive on a wide range of natural andartificial foods -- paint， pepper， glue， books， grain， cotton， other insects，plants and animals． Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces．Also， insects have an enormous reproductive capacity： An African ant queencan lay as many as 43，000 eggs a day．Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour． Aninsect may be right before our eyes， but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised（伪装） like a green leaf， lump of brown soil， gray lichen（青苔）， a seed or some other natural object． Some insects use bright， bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad， sting or are poison． Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator， bitter-tasting insects；hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them．V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9．(★★★)一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．(★★★)每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．(★★★)他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．(★★★)不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI. Guided Writing13．(★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．。