2019年高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读.doc

高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读

高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读。想过专八的同学和想过高口的同学，本文当成扫盲课，每周温习一遍。坚持3个月，成人文专家。

1、Two major elements in European culture: the Greco-Roman/ Judeo-Christian

2、Democracy means: “exercise of power by the whole people”, but by “the whole peop le”, the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father, women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded, they have no rights.

3、Homer epics: the Iliad / the Odyssey

4、Drama developed in the 5th century B.C

Tragedian 悲剧作家

Aeschylus希腊的悲剧诗人埃斯库罗斯— Prometheus普罗米修斯bound/ Persians / Agamemnon阿伽门农, 特洛伊战争中希腊军队的统帅

Sophocles— Oedipus[希神]俄狄浦斯the king / Electra / Antigone[希神] 安提歌尼(底比斯王俄狄普斯之女, 因违抗禁令而自杀身亡)

Euripides欧里庇得斯(希腊的悲剧诗人)— Andromache / Medea美狄亚(希腊神话中科尔喀斯国王之女, 以巫术著称, 曾帮助过伊阿宋取得金羊毛) / Trojan 特洛伊women

Comedist 喜剧作家

Aristophanes— Frogs / clouds / Birds wasps

5、Philosophy

Socrates苏格拉底: Dialogues <谈话录> 他坚持的观点是人类的美德是一种知识，因此一切恶行都是无知的结果。

Plato柏拉图: Dialogues对话录/ the Apology / Symposium (dealing with beauty and love) / the Republic

Plato’s philosophy is called idealism理想主义, 唯心论.

Aristotle亚里斯多德: Ethics 伦理学/ Politics / Poetics诗论/ Rhetoric修辞学

重点What should be man’s aim in life? Aristotle’s answer was happiness, but not happi ness in the vulgar sense, but something that could only be achieved by leading a life of reason, goodness and contemplation沉思.

6、Cynics 犬儒主义P29

Diogenes第欧根尼：希腊哲学家，哲学犬儒学派奠基人，强调自我控制和推崇善行。说他曾提着灯在雅典大街漫步寻找诚实的人, decided to live like a dog and the word “cynic” means “dog” in Greek, he rejected all conventions – whether of religion, of manners, dress, housing, food, or of decency.

7、Roman history P38

The year 27 B.C divided the history of Romeinto two periods: before then, Romehad been a republic, in that year, Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus. Two centuries later, the Roman empire reached its greatest extend, encircling the Mediterranean地中海, reaching Scotland in the north and spreading into Armenia and Mesopotamia in the east. The emperors relied on a strong army—the famous Roman Legions古罗马军团(约有3000至6000步兵,辅以数百名骑兵) and an efficient bureaucracy 官僚机构to exert their rule, which was facilitated by a well developed system of roads. Thus the Roman enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkable phenomenon in history know as the pax Roman罗马帝国统治下的和平.

8、 Virgil维吉尔(古罗马诗人,公元前70-公元前19)

The greatest of Latin poets, wrote the great epic, 作品the Aeneid《埃涅伊德》.

9、About Bible P52

The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the old Testament旧约全书and the new Testament. The former is about God and the laws of God; the latter, the doctrine教义of Jesus Christ, the word＂Testament＂means “agreement” –namely the agreement between God and man.

10、Rise of Christianity P73

At the heart of Christianity is the life of Jesus: how he lived and died to redeem救赎the whole human race.

Why Jesus be crucified十字架钉死?

Jesus propagated传播the faith about God—men should believe in God and love him and behave like God’s children and love another. “everyone is equal” before God.

In AD 30, in Galilee, Jesus was regarded as被认作a dangerous man that threaten the clique派系in power. At the end of three years, he went with his disciples信徒to Jerusalem 耶路撒冷for the Passover逾越节, but was betrayed by Juda. Jesus was rushed to trial and crucified as a revolutionary preacher and dangerous reformer.

11、Translations of the Bible P86

Aramaic dialect 亚拉姆语

Hebrew 希伯莱

Vulgate edition 拉丁文圣经