浅析国际贸易实务(英文版)

Chapter 2 Market segmentation

1定义; Market Segmentation is defined as: “The process of dividing a market into distinct subsets of consumers

with common needs and selecting one or more segments to target with a distinct marketing strategy”.

2Progression of market segmentation: mass market, targeting key market segments, micro

marketing.（填空）

3Possible geographic segmentation bases, 5 aspects: region, housing density, location, state,

climate（选择）

4 Possible demographic segmentation bases,

5 aspects: Age, Marital Status, Occupation, Income, Education（选择）

Definition 2: Age cohorts are born during the same period and travel through life together

Chapter 3 Consumer needs and motivation

1定义: Motivation is defined as: “The driving force

within individuals that impels them to action. This driving force is produced by a state of tension that exists as the result of an unfulfilled need”

2定义Cognitive Process:A part of an attitude model that represents the knowledge,perception and beliefs that a consume r has with respect to an idea or object

3 Two broad types of needs are:(哪种形式)

- Innate or biogenic needs are the primary needs in order to sustain life, such as food or water and shelter

- Acquired or psychogenic needs are secondary needs we learn in response to our culture, such as prestige, affection and learning

Chapter 11 the influence of culture on consumer

behavior

1 定义Culture i s defined as: “The sum total of learned beliefs, values and customs that serve to direct the consumer behavior of members of a particular society.”

2 定义Enculturation(文化兼并) the learning of one’s own culture is known as enculturation.

3 定义acculturation(文化渗入) the learning of a new or foreign culture is known as acculturation.

4 定义Ritual(仪式) A ritual is a type of symbolic activity

consisting of a series of steps occurring in a fixed sequence and repeated over time

Chapter 1 Introduction • 1 Broad aspects of finance 3个:(选择)

–Corporate finance, financial institutions and

markets, Investments.

2Business Structures:Sole proprietorship, Partnership,Company

• 3 Nominal and real rates:

–The cost of an asset expressed as the number

of dollars paid to acquire the asset is the

nominal price.

–However, the purchasing power of money

changes because of inflation and deflation.

–Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish

between the nominal or face value of money

and the real or

inflation-adjusted value of money.

Chapter 3 the Time Value of Money: An Introduction to Financial Mathematics

1 Fundamental Concept