(完整版)物理化学专业英语词汇
物化词汇
一些物理化学专业英语词汇电泳electrophoresis 丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system 动力学方程kinetic equations 动力学控制kinetics control 独立子系统independent particle system 对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume 对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature 对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number 对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change 法拉第常数faraday constant 法拉第定律Faraday’s law 反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis 反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders 反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction 反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force 范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation 范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule 范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure非基元反应non-elementary reactions 非体积功non-volume work 非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point 沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution 分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage 分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system 分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume 分体积定律partial volume law分压partial pressure 分压定律partial pressure law分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force 分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system 附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption 复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law 盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode 感胶离子序lyotropic series杠杆规则lever rule 高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point 隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统isolated system 根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work 功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution 共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy 孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol 固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line 光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions 光谱熵spectrum entropy 广度性质extensive property 广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property 规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution 过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor 过程process 过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water 过冷液体overcooled liquid过热液体overheated liquid 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy 亥氏函数Helmholtz function 焓enthalpy 亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law 恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume 恒外压constant external pressure 恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure 化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity 化学热力学chemical thermodynamics 化学势chemical potential 化学势判据chemical potential criterion 化学吸附chemisorptions 环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility 混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture 活度activity活化控activation control 活化络合物理论activated complex theory 活化能activation energy 霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula 基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数Gibbs function 吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion 吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode极化曲线polarization curves 极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor 计量式stoichiometric equation计量系数stoichiometric coefficient 价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy 键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly 胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification 胶束micelle 胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles 胶团micelle 焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect 焦耳定律Joule`s law接触电势contact potential 接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line 结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces 界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting 浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify 聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyteBET公式BET formula DLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT property ζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number 阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law 艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence 爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant 安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell 半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure饱和蒸气saturated vapor 饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption 爆炸界限explosion limits 比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity 标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode 标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy 标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition 表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces 表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants 表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension 表面质量作用定律surface mass action law 波义尔定律Boyle law 波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point 玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise 不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement 查理定律Charle’s law产率yield 敞开系统open system超电势over potential 沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential 沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium 粗分散系统thick disperse system 催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction触变thixotropy单链反应straight chain reactions 弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law 道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law 德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula等焓过程isenthalpic process德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation等焓线isenthalpic line 等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy 等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature 低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture 低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第三定律熵third-law entropy第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption 电池常数cell constant 电池电动势electromotive force of cells 电池反应cell reaction电导conductance 电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force电动电势zeta potential 电功electric work电化学electrochemistry 电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential 电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes 电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer 电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration 电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis 电渗析electrodialysis·聚沉coagulation 聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy 绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process 绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index 卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle 开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte 可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process 可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work 可逆相变reversible phase change 控制步骤control step 库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled雷利公式Rayleigh equation拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation 拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere 离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture 理想气体ideal gas接触电势contact potential 接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line 结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces 界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting 浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify 聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation 聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy 绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process 绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index 卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle 开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electroly可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process 可逆过程方程reversible process equation 可逆体积功reversible volume work 可逆相变reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality 克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step 库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation 拉乌尔定律Raoult law雷利公式Rayleigh equation兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系non-localized particle systems离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas 理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases 理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas 理想稀ideal dilute solution 理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture 粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions 链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions 量热熵calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics临界常数critical constant量子效率quantum yield 临界参数critical parameter临界点critical point 临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume 临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure 临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction 流动电势streaming potential流动功flow work 笼罩效应cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point 露点线dew point line 麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena 米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant 摩尔电导率molar conductivity 摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy 摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant 摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy 内压力internal pressure能级energy levels 能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation 能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point 凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin 凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase 浓差超电势concentration over-potential 浓差极化concentration polarization 浓差电池concentration cells 帕斯卡pascal 泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line 配分函数partition function配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions 偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution 平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity 平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path 平行反应parallel reactionsLiveBandit破乳demulsification 铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work 气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol 气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line 迁移数transport number潜热latent heat 强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property 亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes 区域熔化zone melting热heat 热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump 热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content 热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation 热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine 热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy 热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve 熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol 溶解焓dissolution enthalpy溶液solution 溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier 乳状液emulsion润湿wetting 润湿角wetting angle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation 三相点triple point 三相平衡线triple-phase line 熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion 熵增原理principle of entropy increase 渗透压osmotic pressure 渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction 升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas 舒尔采－哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force 松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant 速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step 塔费尔公式Tafel equation态－态反应state-state reactions 唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium淌度mobility 特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity 体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight 统计热力学statistic thermodynamics 统计熵statistic entropy 途径path途径函数path function 外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline 完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate 微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery 维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation 无热溶液athermal solution维里系数virial coefficient 稳流过程steady flow process稳态近似法stationary state approximation无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption 吸附等量线adsorption isostere吸附等温线adsorption isotherm 吸附等压线adsorption isobar吸附剂adsorbent 吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption 吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system 系统点system point系统的环境environment of system 相phase相变phase change 相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change 相变热heat of phase change相点phase point 相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度relative viscosity 相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium 相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension压缩因子compressibility factor循环过程cyclic process 压力商pressure quotient压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor阳极anode亚稳状态metastable state 盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out杨氏方程Young’s equation 液体接界电势liquid junction potential 液相线liquid phase lines 一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change逸度fugacity依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions逸度系数coefficient of fugacity 阴极cathode荧光fluorescence 永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas 有效能available energy原电池primary cell 原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity 憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting 沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting真溶液true solution 真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas 真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partition function of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure 正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption 支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions 指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law 制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration 中和热heat of neutralization 轴功shaft workLiveBandit转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration转化率convert ratio 转化温度conversion temperature状态state 状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution 状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process 准一级反应pseudo first order reaction 自动催化作用auto-catalysis 自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom 自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy 自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number 最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point 最佳反应温optimal reaction temperature 最可几分布most probable distribution 最可几速率mostadikanghackneyed 陈腐的caustic 腐蚀性的erosion 腐蚀erode使腐蚀stale 陈腐的rot 腐烂rotten 腐烂的decay 腐败corrode 腐蚀decomposition 分解，腐烂rust 铁锈silica 硅土lime stone石灰石crystal 水晶gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷，沼气hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物petroleum 石油plastic 塑胶intermediary 媒介物catalysis 催化作用catalyst 催化剂adhesive 黏合剂scorch 使退色bleach 漂白，去色,漂白剂tint 染色，上色dye 染料chemistry 化学biochemistry 生物化学hydronic 液体循环加热的alchemy 炼金术，魔力artificial 人造的，假的，非原产地的ion 离子molecule 分子，些微solubility 溶度solution 解答溶液solvent 溶剂dissolve 溶解，解散element 元素impurity 杂质blend 混合compound 混合物substance 物质，实质particle 颗粒，微粒explosive 爆炸的，炸药blast 爆炸burning 燃烧的kindle 燃起sear 烧灼，烧焦ignite 使燃烧action 作用combination 化合，组合neutralize 中和polymerization 聚合functional 起作用的synthetic 综合的，合成的carbon 碳copper 铜lead 铅Mercury 水星nickel 镍platina 白金silver 银sodium 钠tin 锡，马口铁zinc 锌calcium 钙helium 氦silicon 硅ammonia 氨sulfur 硫磺iodine 碘nitrogen 氮oxygen 氧1.reagent 反应力反应物 4. molecule 分子摩尔5. electron 电子6. isotope 同位素核素7. polymer 聚合体 8. alloy 合金10. metalloid 非金属 11. derivative 衍生物12. alkali 碱金属 13. hydrate 水合物14. action 作用Catalysis are sometimes used to accelerate chemical action.15. adhesive 粘合剂胶粘的18. bleach 去色漂白Please soak shirts in bleach to remove the stains.19. blast 爆破 [例] The village was blast by enemy bombs.23. caustic 腐蚀性的 [例] Some chemicals are caustic by nature.24. combination 化合组合 [例] The safe combination of the two chemicals required a complicated chemical process./ This is a combination of two powerful ingredients.25. corrode 腐蚀 [例] The metal has corroded because of rust.26. crystal 结晶状的27. decay 腐败 [例] Sugar decays our teeth.29. erode 腐蚀 [例] The sea has eroded the cliff face over the years.30. explode 使爆炸 [例] The red balloon exploded when I popped it with a pin.31. explosive 爆炸的炸药 [例] Dynamite is highly explosive. / Politics can be explosive issue.33. ignite 使燃着 [例] A smoldering cigarette ignited the newspapers.37. neutralize 中和 [例] Alkalis neutralize acids. 38. nickel 镍41. polymerization 聚合42. scorch 使褪色 [例] Do not leave the iron on the delicate fabric or the heat will scorch it.52. rotten 腐烂的 [例] The rotten fruit smelled horrible.Bunsen burner 本生灯 product 反应产物flask 烧瓶 apparatus 设备 matrass 卵形瓶 litmus 石蕊PH indicator PH值指示剂，氢离子（浓度的）负指数指示剂litmus paper 石蕊试纸 graduate, graduated flask 量筒，量杯reagent 试剂 test tube 试管 burette 滴定管 retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜 cupel 烤钵 crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管 filter滤管 stirring rod 搅拌棒。
物理化学英语词汇
物理化学英语词汇分布 distribution分布数 distribution numbers分解电压 decomposition voltage分配定律 distribution law分散系统 disperse system分散相 dispersion phase分体积 partial volume分体积定律 partial volume law分压 partial pressure分压定律 partial pressure law分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力 intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统 closed system附加压力 excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极 negative pole负吸附 negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律 Hess law甘汞电极 calomel electrode感胶离子序 lyotropic series杠杆规则 lever rule高分子溶液 macromolecular solution高会溶点 upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统 isolated system根均方速率 root-mean-square speed功 work功函work content共轭溶液 conjugate solution共沸温度 azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统 isolated system固溶胶 solid sol固态混合物 solid solution固相线 solid phase line光反应 photoreaction光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应 photosensitized reactions光谱熵 spectrum entropy广度性质 extensive property广延量 extensive quantity广延性质 extensive property规定熵 stipulated entropy过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor过程 process过渡状态理论 transition state theory过冷水 super-cooled water过冷液体 overcooled liquid过热液体 overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数 Helmholtz function焓 enthalpy亨利常数 Henry constant亨利定律 Henry law恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热 heat at constant volume恒外压 constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热 heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势 chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势 chemical potential化学势判据 chemical potential criterion化学吸附 chemisorptions环境 environment环境熵变 entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵 entropy of mixing混合物 mixture活度 activity活化控制 activation control活化络合物理论 activated complex theory。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用： ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习：▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核，是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物，复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。
物理化学专业术语
2021/3/11
7
4. Solution
Saturated solution: the concentration of dissolved solute is equal to that which would be in equilibrium with undissolved solute under the given conditions.
Unit cell: the most convenient small part of a space lattice, if repeated in three dimension, will generate the entire lattice.
2021/3/11
5
3.1.1 Unit cell:
Solubility: the concentration of a saturated solution.
unsaturated solution: can dissolve more solute.
Supersaturated solution: holds more solute than would be in equilibrium with undissolved solute
2. molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution 3. molality = moles of solute / kilogram of solution
2021/3/11
11
4.4 colligative property
Raoult’s law: The vapor pressure of a liquid in a solution is equal to the mole fraction of that liquid in the solution times the vapor pressure of pure liquid.
物理化学-专业词汇中英文对照表
非自发过程 non-spontaneous
平衡 equilibrium 热机 heat engine
不可逆 irreversible 可逆 reversible
3.2 卡诺循环和卡诺定理 Carnot cycles and Carnot’Law
热机效率 efficiency of the heat engine
8.4 可逆电池和可逆电极 Reversible cell and electrode
国际理论和应用化学联合会 IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)
化学电源 electrochemical cell
8.5 可逆电池热力学 reversible cell thermodynamics
Carnot 定理 Carnot law
可逆热机 revisable engine
不可逆热机 irreversible engine
冷冻系数 freezing coefficient
3.3 熵的概念 the concept of entropy
熵 entropy
克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality
Ideal dilute solution
4.7 相对活度的概念 relative activity
4.8 稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of the dilute solution
依数性 colligative properties
渗透压 osmotic pressure
第 7 章 化学反应动力学 Chemical Reaction kinetics
7.1 动力学的基本概念 basic concepts of kinetics
物理化学专业术语
1
1.changes of state
melting
fusion
Solid crystallizatio
vaporization
liqcuoinddensation
gas n
sublimation
deposition
liquefaction
Unit cell: the most convenient small part of
5
3.1.1 Unit cell:
Primitive unit cell: a unit cell in which only the corners are occupied
Multiple unit cell: contain other lattice points in addition to those at the corners
Solubility: the concentration of a saturated solution.
unsaturated solution: ca8n dissolve more solute.
4.1 miscibility
Miscibility: the mutual solubility of two substances in the same phase.
11
oult’s law: The vapor pressure of a liquid in a solution is equal to the mole fraction of that liquid in the solution times the vapor pressure of pure liquid.
物理化学专业英语
本文由feiguohai66贡献doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。
建议您优先选择TXT,或下载源文件到本机查看。
物理化学专业英语电泳electrophoresis Dyndall effect molar heat capacity under constant vol ume Constant voIume thermometer molar heat capacity under constant pressur e constant pressure thermometer localized particle system丁达尔效应定容摩尔热容定容温度计定压摩尔热容定压温度计定域子系统动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制独立子系统对比摩尔体积kinet ics control independent particle system reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度对比压力对称数reduced temperature reduced pressure symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of mul ti-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数法拉第定律faraday cons tant Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis molecularity reaction ord ers extent of reaction反应分子数反应级数反应进度反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数范德华常数范德华方程范德华力范德华气体范特霍夫方程范特霍夫规则constant of reaction rate van der Waals constant van der Waals equation van der Waals force van der Waals gases van’t Hoff equation van’t Hoff rule van’t Hof f equation of osmotic pressure范特霍夫渗透压公式非基元反应非体积功non-elementary reactions non-volume work time independent stoichiomet ric reactions Fick’s first law of diffusion非依时计量学反应菲克扩散第一定律沸点boiling point elevation of boiling point沸点升高费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布分布数分解电压分配定律分散系统分散相分体积distribution distribution numbers decomposition vo ltage distribution law disperse system dispersion phase partial volume par tial volume law分体积定律分压partial pressure partial pressure law mechanics of molecular reaction s分压定律分子反应力学分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式adsorption 负极负吸附negative pole negative adsorption Freundlich empirical formula of复合反应composite reaction盖・吕萨克定律盖斯定律甘汞电极感胶离子序杠杆规则高分子溶液高会溶点Gay-Lussac lawHess law calomel electrode lyotropic series lever rule macromolecularsolution upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律隔离系统Grotthus-Dr aoer’s lawisolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功功函work work content conjugate solution azeotropic temperature共轭溶液共沸温度构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统固溶胶isolated system solid sol solid solution固态混合物固相线光反应solid phase line photoreaction光化学第二定律光化学第一定律光敏反应光谱熵广度性质广延量广延性质规定熵the second law of actinochemistry the first law of actinochemistry photosensitized reactions spectrum entropyextensive property extensive quantity extensive property stipulated e ntropy oversaturated solution oversaturated vapor过饱和溶液过饱和蒸气过程process过渡状态理论过冷水过冷液体过热液体transition state theorysuper-cooled water overcooled liquid overheated liquid Helmholtz func tion Helmholtz function criterion Helmholtz free energy亥姆霍兹函数亥姆霍兹函数判据亥姆霍兹自由能亥氏函数焓Helmholtz functionenthalpy Henry constant Henry law亨利常数亨利定律恒沸混合物恒容摩尔热容constant boiling mixture molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume恒外压constant external pressure mola r heat capacity at constant pressure恒压摩尔热容恒压热heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics stoichi ometric equation of chemical reaction stoichiometric coefficient of chemic al reaction化学反应计量式化学反应计量系数化学反应进度化学亲合势化学热力学化学势extent of chemical reaction chemical affinity chemical thermodynamics chemical potential chemical potential criterion chemisorptions化学势判据化学吸附环境environment entropy change in environment环境熵变挥发度volatility混合熵混合物活度entropy of mixing mixture activi ty activation control活化控制活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图基态能级Hougen-Watson Chart ene rgy level at ground state Kirchhoff formula基希霍夫公式基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution Gibbs-Duhem equation Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯-杜亥姆方程吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程吉布斯函数Gibbs function Gibbs function criterion吉布斯函数判据吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能吉氏函数Gibbs f ree energyGibbs function polarization potential of electrode极化电极电势极化曲线极化作用polarization curves polarization limiting molar conductivity极限摩尔电导率几率因子计量式计量系数价数规则steric factor stoichiometric equation stoichiometric coefficient rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻胶核broth jelly colloidal nucleus demulsific ation胶凝作用胶束胶体micelle colloid dispersion system of colloid胶体分散系统胶体化学胶体粒子胶团collochemistry colloidal particlesmicelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验焦耳-汤姆生系数焦耳-汤姆生效应焦耳定律J oule-Thomson experiment Joule-Thomson coefficient Joule-Thomson effect Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角节流过程节流膨胀contact angle thr ottling process throttling expansion coefficient of throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附界面interfaces surface t ension dissociation chemical adsorption界面张力浸湿浸湿功精馏immersion wetting immersion wetting work rectify聚(合电解质polyelectrolyte1。
物理化学生物英语单词表
词汇 acceleration anion ammeter amplitude band bar bombard cation capacitor centripetal force circuit coherent coil collision comet convection converging lens coulomb critical angle decay deflect density diffraction dilation diminish discrete diverge diverging lens elastic electric generator electric motor longitudinal wave 音标
音标
美[ɪ,lɛktro'motɪv fɔrs] 美 [ɪ'lɛktrɑn] 美 [ɪ'mɪʃən] 美 ['ɛntrəpi] 美 ['ɛstə,met] 美 [ɪɡ'zɝt] 美 [ɪk'spænʃən] 美 ['faɪbɚ] 美 ['fokl] 美 ['frikwənsi] 美 ['frɪkʃən] 美 ['ɡrævəti]
美 [mo'mɛntəm] 美 ['nɛɡlɪdʒəbl] 美 ['nʊtrɑn] 美 ['fɪʃən] 美 ['fjʊʒən] 美 ['ɑptɪk] 美 ['ɑsɪlet] 美 [,prɑpə'geʃən] 美 ['protɑn] 美 [pə'ræbələ] 美 ['pærəlɛl] 美 ['pɑrtɪkl] 美 ['pɛndʒələm] 美 ['pɝmənənt] 美 ['fotɑn] 美 [pɪtʃ] 美 [,polərɪ'zeʃən] 美 ['pɑzɪtrɑn] 美 [pə'tɛnʃl] 美 ['pʊli] 美 ['redɪo'æktɪv] 美 [rɪ'frækt] 美 [,rɛlə'tɪvəti] 美 [rɪ'zɪstɚ]
常用物理英语词汇(全)
常用物理英语词汇(全)力学（Mechanics）1. Force（力）2. Acceleration（加速度）3. Momentum（动量）4. Kinetic Energy（动能）5. Potential Energy（势能）6. Gravity（重力）7. Friction（摩擦力）8. Torque（扭矩）9. Angular Momentum（角动量）10. Work（功）热学（Thermodynamics）11. Temperature（温度）12. Heat（热量）13. Internal Energy（内能）14. Entropy（熵）15. Boyle's Law（波义耳定律）16. Charles's Law（查理定律）17. GayLussac's Law（盖吕萨克定律）18. Ideal Gas Law（理想气体定律）19. First Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）20. Second Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第二定律）电磁学（Electromagnetism）21. Electric Charge（电荷）22. Electric Field（电场）23. Magnetic Field（磁场）24. Current（电流）25. Voltage（电压）26. Resistance（电阻）27. Capacitance（电容）28. Inductance（电感）29. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）30. Ampère's Law（安培定律）光学（Optics）31. Light（光）32. Refraction（折射）33. Reflection（反射）34. Diffraction（衍射）35. Interference（干涉）36. Polarization（偏振）37. Lens（透镜）38. Prism（棱镜）39. Spectrum（光谱）40. Wave Optics（波动光学）现代物理（Modern Physics）41. Quantum Mechanics（量子力学）42. Relativity（相对论）43. Photon（光子）44. Electron（电子）45. Proton（质子）46. Neutron（中子）47. Quark（夸克）48. Black Hole（黑洞）49. Higgs Boson（希格斯玻色子）50. String Theory（弦理论）这些词汇仅为物理学中常用术语的一小部分。
分类记单词，词汇量倍增之化学物理类相关英语词汇
分类记单词，词汇量倍增之化学物理类相关英语词汇一、 chemistry 化学1. chemical property 化学特性，化学性质2. chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分3. chemical agent 化学试剂4. chemical reaction 化学反应5. chemical change 化学变化6. chemical bond 化学键7. chemical apparatus 化学器械8. substance(matter;material) 物质9. element 元素10. periodic table 周期表11. hydrogen 氢12. oxygen 氧13. nitrogen 氮14. helium 氦15. carbon 碳16. calcium 钙17. silicon 硅18. sulfur 硫19. iodine 碘20. compound 化合物21. hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物22. derivative 衍生物23. alchemy 炼金术24. petroleum (oil) 石油25. petroleum products 石油产品26. crude oil 原油27. refine 提炼，精炼28. gasoline 汽油29. methane 甲烷30. solution 溶液31. dissolve 溶解32. solvent 溶剂33. solubility 可溶性34. cohesive 聚合力35. adhesive 粘合力36. atom 原子37. nucleus 原子核38. electron 电子39. neutron 中子40. proton 质子41. molecule 分子42. particle 粒子43. ion 离子44. particle accelerator 粒子加速器45. catalysis （复数 catalyses ）催化作用46. catalyst 催化剂47. artificial 人造的48. synthetic 合成的49. synthetic fiber 人造纤维50. polymer 聚合物51. polymerization 聚合作用52. plastic 塑料53. dye 染料54. cosmetics 化妆品二、 physics 物理1. physics 物理2. mechanics 力学3. thermodynamics 热力学4. acoustics 声学5. electromagnetism 电磁学6. optics 光学7. dynamics 动力学8. force 力9. velocity 速度10. acceleration 加速度11. equilibrium 平衡12. statics 静力学13. motion 运动14. inertia 惯性15. gravitation 引力16. relativity 相对17. gravity 地心引力18. vibration 震动19. medium (media) 媒质20. frequency 频率21. wavelength 波长22. pitch 音高23. intensity 强度24. echo 回声25. resonance 回声，洪亮26. sonar 声纳27. ultrasonics 超声学28. electricity 电29. static electricity 静电30. magnetism 磁性，磁力31. magnet 磁体32. electromagnet 电磁33. magnetic field 磁场34. electric current 电流35. direct current (DC) 直流电36. alternating current (AC) 交流电37. electric circuit 电路38. electric charge 电荷39. electric voltage 电压40. electric shock 触电41. electric appliance 电器42. conductor 导体43. insulator 绝缘体44. semiconductor 半导体45. battery (cell) 电池46. dry battery 干电池47. storage battery 蓄电池48. electronics 电子学49. electronic 电子的50. electronic component (part) 电子零件51. integrated circuit 集成电路52. chip 集成电器片，集成块53. electron tube 电子管54. vacuum tube 真空管55. transistor 晶体管56. amplification ( 名词 ) 放大57. amplify （动词）放大58. amplifier 放大器，扬声器59. oscillation 震荡60. optical 光（学）的61. optical fiber 光学纤维62. lens 透镜，镜片63. convex 凸透镜64. concave 凹透镜65. microscope 显微镜66. telescope 望远镜67. magnifier 放大镜68. spectrum 光谱69. ultraviolet 紫外线70. X rays X 射线71. Gamma rays γ 射线72. infrared rays 红外线73. microwaves 微波74. dispersion 色散75. transparent 透明的76. translucent 半透明77. opaque 不透明的。
化学的物理单词
化学的物理单词一、化学（Chemistry）1. atom [ˈætəm] （n. 原子）- An atom is the basic unit of a chemical element.（原子是化学元素的基本单位。
）2. molecule [ˈmɒlɪkjuːl] （n. 分子）- A molecule is made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.（分子由两个或更多个原子通过化学键结合而成。
）3. element [ˈelɪmənt] （n. 元素）- There are more than 100 elements in the periodic table.（元素周期表中有100多种元素。
）4. compound [ˈkɒmpaʊnd] （n. 化合物；adj. 复合的）- Water is a compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen.（水是由氢和氧组成的化合物。
）5. reaction [riˈækʃn] （n. 反应）- Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.（化学反应涉及化学键的断裂和形成。
）二、物理（Physics）1. force [fɔːs] （n. 力；v. 强迫）- Force can cause an object to accelerate.（力可以使物体加速。
）2. velocity [vəˈlɒsəti] （n. 速度）- Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.（速度是一个矢量，包括速率和方向。
）3. acceleration [əkˌseləˈreɪʃn] （n. 加速度）- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.（加速度是速度的变化率。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom（原子）：物质的基本单位，由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant（反应物）：参与化学反应的物质。
Product（物）：化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst（催化剂）：能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid（固体）：具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid（液体）：具有一定体积，无固定形状的物质。
Gas（气体）：无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid（酸）：在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base（碱）：在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt（盐）：由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution（溶液）：由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent（溶剂）：能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute（溶质）：被溶解的物质。
Concentration（浓度）：溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry（有机化学）：研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group（官能团）：决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer（聚合物）：由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry（无机化学）：研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal（晶体）：具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction（氧化还原反应）：涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry（物理化学）：研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond（化学键）：原子间相互作用力，使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics（热力学）：研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry（分析化学）：研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
专业英语物理化学
专业英语物理化学 Revised by Jack on December 14,2020物化词汇部分：Chemical thermodynamics 化学热力学Chemical kinetics 化学动力学物理化学的分支：quantum chemistry 量子化学；structure chemistry 结构化学；catalysis 催化；electrochemistry 电化学；colloid chemistry 胶体化学。
热力学体系：closed system 封闭体系：a system that does not allow transfer of substance but energy isolated system 孤立体系：a system that does not allow transfer of substance and energy open system 开放体系：a system that allow transfer of substance and energyInternal energy 内能：motions 分子运动；interaction 相互作用；bonding of its constituent molecules 分子成键（ionic bond离子键, covalent bond共价键, coordinationbond配位键, hydrogen bond氢键, metallic bond.金属键）external energy 外能：（velocity速度；location of its center of mass位置）= kinetic 动力+potential energy 势能Thermal energy (internal energy + heat)Mechanical energy (external energy + mechanical /electrical work)Heat: energy transfer as a results of only temperature differenceWork: energy transfer by any mechanism that involves mechanical motion across thesystem boundaries.Microscopic properties:molecule kinetic energy 分子动能(translational energy跃迁能, rotational energy转动能, vibrational energy振动能) Intermolecular forces 分子间力(electrostatic forces静电力, induction forces感应能, forces of attraction (or dispersion forces)分散能 and repulsion排斥能, specific (chemical) forces like hydrogen bonds) Intermolecular potentials 分子势 (Lennard-Jones potential)Macroscopic properties:pressure, volume, temperatureextensive variables广度性质 (volume, mass)intensive variables 强度性质(T, P, molar volume, molar mass)Thermodynamic Equilibriums热力学平衡:thermal equilibrium,热平衡force equilibrium,力平衡phase equilibrium,相平衡chemical equilibrium化学平衡PVT relationscompressibility factor 压缩因子expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数compressibility coefficient 等温压缩系数热力学定律The first law of thermodynamics*Energyis neithercreatednordestroyed,but may change in formsenthalpy焓 heat capacity热容isochoric等容 isobaric等压reversible可逆, irreversible 不可逆isothermal等温, adiabatic绝热(diabatic),cyclic循环, free expansion自由膨胀throttling 节流(isenthalpy等焓, Joule-Thomson coefficient)The second law of thermodynamicsClausius statement: It is not possible to construct adevice that operates in a cycle and whose sole effect is to transfer heat from a colder body to a hotter body.The efficiency of the Carnot heat engine is defined to be:η＝(QH-QC)/QH=W/QH=1-TC/THendothermic吸热 exothermic放热entropy熵, isentropic process 等熵过程spontaneous system自发系统, entropy balance熵平衡热化学：Heat of reaction反应热, isothermal、isobaric、only volumetric work，the reaction’heat changeheat of combustion燃烧热, 25℃，100kPa the heat change of 1 mol pure substance fully combustionheat of formation生成热 fixed temperature and pressure，the heat change of 1 mol pure substance produced by the most stable elementGibbs free energy: G=H-TSHelmholtz free energy: F=U-TS相平衡：vapor pressure蒸汽压thepressureexerted by avaporinthermodynamic equilibriumwith itscondensedphases(solid or liquid) at a given temperature in aclosed system.boiling point沸点the temperature at which thevapor pressureof theliquidequals thepressuresurrounding the liquidand the liquid changes into a vapor.melting point熔点the temperature at which it changesstatefromsolidtoliquidat atmospheric pressuresolidifying point凝固点the temperature at which it changesstatefromliquidto soild at atmospheric pressurePartial molar quantity偏摩尔量Apartial molar propertyis athermodynamicquantity which indicates how anextensive propertyof asolutionormixturevaries with changes in themolarcomposition of the mixture at constanttemperatureandpressure.Chemical potential化学势, is a form ofpotential energythat can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction orphase transition.activity活度activity(symbola) is a measure of the “effective concentration” of a speciesin a mixture, in the sense that the species'chemical potentialdepends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depend on concentration for anideal solution.fugacity逸度, thefugacityof areal gasis an effective partialpressurewhich replaces the mechanical partial pressure in an accurate computation of the chemical equilibrium constant.activity coefficient活度系数, fugacity coefficient逸度系数the degree of freedom自由度 f=C-Π+2the number ofdegrees of freedomis the number of values in the final calculation of astatisticthat are free to varyPhase diagram相图:single-phase/binary/ternary x-y diagram, p-x-y diagram, t-x-y diagramfully /partly miscible solution可混溶的溶液,immiscible solution不可混容的溶液minimum/maximum azeotrope共沸（正偏差，最低共沸点；负偏差，最高共沸点）,dew point露点the temperature at which airborne water vapor willcondenseto form liquiddew., bubble point泡点, thetemperature(at a givenpressure) where the first bubble ofvaporis formed when heating aliquidconsisting of two or more components.eutectic point共熔点the point at which theliquid phase L borders directly on the solid phase α + β (a homogeneous composed of both A and B), representing the minimum melting temperature of any possible alloy of A and B.multi-component system多组成体系化学平衡：Chemical equilibrium in a single-phase system:free energy of formation 组成自由能equilibrium constant 平衡常数endothermic reaction 放热反应exothermic reaction 吸热反应ionization constant 电离常数dissociation constant 解离常数association constant 结合常数化学动力学chemical reaction kinetics:rate of reaction反应速率, order of reaction反应要求activation energy活化能, activated molecules活化分子 activation活化collision碰撞, active centers活性中心 activation enthalpy活化焓parallel reaction平行反应：substance reacts or decomposes in more than one wayseries reaction串联反应, two or more reaction in same environment without new operationchain reaction链式反应：Achain reactionis a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take placelight-chemical reaction,reaction mechanism 反应机理adsorption and catalysis (catalyst)其他Surface表面/interface界面colloid chemistrysurface tension表面张力, interfacial tension界面张力,surface excess表面超额, surface film,表面膜surface coverage表面覆盖, adsorption on the surface,表面吸附surfactant/surface active agent表面活性剂，colloid (particles 5~ 5,000 angstroms) Electrochemistry, electrochemical engineering and electrolyte solution theory, electroreaction Types of reactors反应器类型In terms of the operation modes:Stirred reactors 搅拌反应器BSTR (batch stirred tank reactor)间歇搅拌罐式反应器; CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactor)连续搅拌罐式反应器Pipe reactors管式反应器fixed-bed reactor,固定床fluidized-bed reactor流化床In terms of the phase states:Homogenous reaction reactors均相Heterogeneous reaction reactors- using catalysts 多相In terms of the fluid flow modes:Ideal reactors (ideal flow):Fully mixed flow reactors全混流反应器Plug flow reactors-PFRs活塞流反应器Non-ideal reactors (models are required)The tank-in-series model 串联罐式模型The dispersion model分散模型。
物理化学概念和术语中英文对照
物理化学概念和术语中英文对照1.BET公式BET formula2.DLVO理论 DLVO theory3.HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method4.pVT性质 pVT property5.ζ电势 zeta potential6.阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro'number7.阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law8.阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory9.阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation10.阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy11.阿马格定律 Amagat law12.艾林方程 Erying equation13.爱因斯坦光化当量定律 Einstein's law of photochemicalequivalence14.爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation15.安托万常数 Antoine constant16.安托万方程 Antoine equation17.盎萨格电导理论Onsager's theory of conductance18.半电池half cell19.半衰期half time period20.饱和液体 saturated liquids21.饱和蒸气 saturated vapor22.饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption23.饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure24.爆炸界限 explosion limits25.比表面功 specific surface work26.比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function27.比浓粘度 reduced viscosity28.标准电动势 standard electromotive force29.标准电极电势 standard electrode potential30.标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy31.标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molarreaction32.标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy33.标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function34.标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free energyfunction35.标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy36.标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy37.标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy38.标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function39.标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant40.标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode41.标准态 standard state42.标准熵 standard entropy43.标准压力 standard pressure44.标准状况 standard condition45.表观活化能apparent activation energy46.表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight47.表观迁移数apparent transference number48.表面 surfaces49.表面过程控制 surface process control50.表面活性剂surfactants51.表面吸附量 surface excess52.表面张力 surface tension53.表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law54.波义尔定律 Boyle law55.波义尔温度 Boyle temperature56.波义尔点 Boyle point57.玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant58.玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution59.玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula60.玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem61.玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics62.泊Poise63.不可逆过程 irreversible process64.不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes65.不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change66.布朗运动 brownian movement67.查理定律 Charle's law68.产率 yield69.敞开系统 open system70.超电势 over potential71.沉降 sedimentation72.沉降电势 sedimentation potential73.沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium74.触变 thixotropy75.粗分散系统 thick disperse system76.催化剂 catalyst77.单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption78.单分子反应 unimolecular reaction79.单链反应 straight chain reactions80.弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter81.道尔顿定律 Dalton law82.道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law83.德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect84.德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula85.德拜－休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckel's limiting equation86.等焓过程 isenthalpic process87.等焓线isenthalpic line88.等几率定理 theorem of equal probability89.等温等容位Helmholtz free energy90.等温等压位Gibbs free energy91.等温方程 equation at constant temperature92.低共熔点 eutectic point93.低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture94.低会溶点 lower consolute point95.低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric96.第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind97.第三定律熵 third-law entropy98.第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind99.缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption100.电池常数 cell constant101.电池电动势 electromotive force of cells102.电池反应 cell reaction103.电导 conductance104.电导率 conductivity105.电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force106.电动电势 zeta potential107.电动现象electrokinetic phenomena108.电功electric work109.电化学 electrochemistry110.电化学极化 electrochemical polarization111.电极电势 electrode potential112.电极反应 reactions on the electrode113.电极种类 type of electrodes114.电解池 electrolytic cell115.电量计 coulometer116.电流效率current efficiency117.电迁移 electro migration118.电迁移率 electromobility119.电渗 electroosmosis120.电渗析 electrodialysis121.电泳 electrophoresis122.丁达尔效应 Dyndall effect123.定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume 124.定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer125.定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure 126.定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer127.定域子系统 localized particle system128.动力学方程kinetic equations129.动力学控制 kinetics control130.独立子系统 independent particle system131.对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume132.对比体积 reduced volume133.对比温度 reduced temperature134.对比压力 reduced pressure135.对称数 symmetry number136.对行反应reversible reactions137.对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state138.多方过程polytropic process139.多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers140.二级反应second order reaction141.二级相变second order phase change142.法拉第常数 faraday constant143.法拉第定律 Faraday's law144.法扬思-帕尼思规则 Fajans- Pancth's rule145.反电动势back E.M.F.146.反渗透 reverse osmosis147.反应分子数 molecularity148.反应级数 reaction orders149.反应进度 extent of reaction150.反应热heat of reaction151.反应速率rate of reaction152.反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate153.范德华常数 van der Waals constant154.范德华方程 van der Waals equation155.范德华力 van der Waals force156.范德华气体 van der Waals gases157.范特霍夫方程 van't Hoff equation158.范特霍夫规则 van't Hoff rule159.范特霍夫渗透压公式 van't Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 160.非基元反应 non-elementary reactions161.非体积功 non-volume work162.非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions 163.菲克扩散第一定律 Fick's first law of diffusion164.沸点 boiling point165.沸点升高 elevation of boiling point166.费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics167.分布 distribution168.分布数 distribution numbers169.分解电压 decomposition voltage170.分配定律 distribution law171.分散系统 disperse system172.分散相 dispersion phase173.分体积 partial volume174.分体积定律 partial volume law175.分压 partial pressure176.分压定律 partial pressure law177.分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions178.分子间力 intermolecular force179.分子蒸馏molecular distillation180.封闭系统 closed system181.附加压力 excess pressure182.弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption183.负极 negative pole184.负吸附 negative adsorption185.复合反应composite reaction186.盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law187.盖斯定律 Hess law188.甘汞电极 calomel electrode189.感胶离子序 lyotropic series190.杠杆规则 lever rule191.高分子溶液 macromolecular solution192.高会溶点 upper consolute point193.隔离法the isolation method194.格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer's law195.隔离系统 isolated system196.根均方速率 root-mean-square speed197.功 work198.功函work content199.共轭溶液 conjugate solution200.共沸温度 azeotropic temperature201.构型熵configurational entropy202.孤立系统 isolated system203.固溶胶 solid sol204.固态混合物 solid solution205.固相线 solid phase line206.光反应 photoreaction207.光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry 208.光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry209.光敏反应 photosensitized reactions210.光谱熵 spectrum entropy211.广度性质 extensive property212.广延量 extensive quantity213.广延性质 extensive property214.规定熵 stipulated entropy215.过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution216.过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor217.过程 process218.过渡状态理论 transition state theory219.过冷水 super-cooled water220.过冷液体 overcooled liquid221.过热液体 overheated liquid222.亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function223.亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion224.亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy225.亥氏函数 Helmholtz function226.焓 enthalpy227.亨利常数 Henry constant228.亨利定律 Henry law229.恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture230.恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume 231.恒容热 heat at constant volume232.恒外压 constant external pressure233.恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure 234.恒压热 heat at constant pressure235.化学动力学chemical kinetics236.化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction237.化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction238.化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction239.化学亲合势 chemical affinity240.化学热力学chemical thermodynamics241.化学势 chemical potential242.化学势判据 chemical potential criterion243.化学吸附 chemisorptions244.环境 environment245.环境熵变 entropy change in environment246.挥发度volatility247.混合熵 entropy of mixing248.混合物 mixture249.活度 activity250.活化控制 activation control251.活化络合物理论 activated complex theory252.活化能activation energy253.霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart254.基态能级 energy level at ground state255.基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula256.基元反应elementary reactions257.积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution258.吉布斯－杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation259.吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 260.吉布斯函数 Gibbs function261.吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion262.吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula263.吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy264.吉氏函数 Gibbs function265.极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 266.极化曲线 polarization curves267.极化作用 polarization268.极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity269.几率因子 steric factor270.计量式 stoichiometric equation271.计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient272.价数规则 rule of valence273.简并度 degeneracy274.键焓bond enthalpy275.胶冻 broth jelly276.胶核 colloidal nucleus277.胶凝作用 demulsification278.胶束micelle279.胶体 colloid280.胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid281.胶体化学 collochemistry282.胶体粒子 colloidal particles283.胶团 micelle284.焦耳Joule285.焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment286.焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient287.焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect288.焦耳定律 Joule's law289.接触电势contact potential290.接触角 contact angle291.节流过程 throttling process292.节流膨胀 throttling expansion293.节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion 294.结线 tie line295.结晶热heat of crystallization296.解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption297.界面 interfaces298.界面张力 surface tension299.浸湿 immersion wetting300.浸湿功 immersion wetting work301.精馏 rectify302.聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte303.聚沉 coagulation304.聚沉值 coagulation value305.绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory306.绝对熵 absolute entropy307.绝对温标absolute temperature scale308.绝热过程 adiabatic process309.绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter310.绝热指数 adiabatic index311.卡诺定理 Carnot theorem312.卡诺循环 Carnot cycle313.开尔文公式 Kelvin formula314.柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law315.科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrausch's Law of Independent Migration of Ions316.可能的电解质potential electrolyte317.可逆电池 reversible cell318.可逆过程 reversible process319.可逆过程方程 reversible process equation320.可逆体积功 reversible volume work321.可逆相变 reversible phase change322.克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation323.克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality324.克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 325.控制步骤 control step326.库仑计 coulometer327.扩散控制 diffusion controlled328.拉普拉斯方程 Laplace's equation329.拉乌尔定律 Raoult law330.兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 331.兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 332.雷利公式 Rayleigh equation333.冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration334.冷却曲线 cooling curve335.离解热heat of dissociation336.离解压力dissociation pressure337.离域子系统 non-localized particle systems338.离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion 339.离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions340.离子的迁移数transport number of ions341.离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions 342.离子氛 ionic atmosphere343.离子强度 ionic strength344.理想混合物 perfect mixture345.理想气体 ideal gas346.理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases347.理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas348.理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions349.理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases350.理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas351.理想溶液 ideal solutions352.理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution353.理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture354.粒子 particles355.粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles356.连串反应consecutive reactions357.链的传递物 chain carrier358.链反应 chain reactions359.量热熵 calorimetric entropy360.量子统计quantum statistics361.量子效率 quantum yield362.临界参数 critical parameter363.临界常数 critical constant364.临界点 critical point365.临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration366.临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume367.临界温度 critical temperature368.临界压力 critical pressure369.临界状态 critical state370.零级反应zero order reaction371.流动电势 streaming potential372.流动功 flow work373.笼罩效应 cage effect374.路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 375.露点 dew point376.露点线 dew point line377.麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations378.麦克斯韦速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds379.麦克斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy380.毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary381.毛细现象 capillary phenomena382.米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant383.摩尔电导率 molar conductivity384.摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy385.摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing386.摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant387.摩尔热容 molar heat capacity388.摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy389.摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy390.内扩散控制 internal diffusions control391.内能 internal energy392.内压力 internal pressure393.能级 energy levels394.能级分布 energy level distribution395.能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy 396.能斯特方程 Nernst equation397.能斯特热定理 Nernst heat theorem398.凝固点 freezing point399.凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point400.凝固点曲线 freezing point curve401.凝胶 gelatin402.凝聚态 condensed state403.凝聚相 condensed phase404.浓差超电势 concentration over-potential405.浓差极化 concentration polarization406.浓差电池 concentration cells407.帕斯卡pascal408.泡点 bubble point409.泡点线 bubble point line410.配分函数 partition function411.配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state412.碰撞截面 collision cross section413.碰撞数 the number of collisions414.偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities415.平衡常数（理想气体反应） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases416.平动配分函数 partition function of translation417.平衡分布 equilibrium distribution418.平衡态 equilibrium state419.平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation420.平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram421.平均活度 mean activity422.平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient423.平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity424.平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity425.平均自由程mean free path426.平行反应parallel reactions427.破乳 demulsification428.铺展 spreading429.普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation 430.其它功 the other work431.气化热heat of vaporization432.气溶胶 aerosol433.气体常数 gas constant434.气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases435.气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases436.气溶胶 aerosol437.气相线 vapor line438.迁移数 transport number439.潜热latent heat440.强度量 intensive quantity441.强度性质 intensive property442.亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol443.氢电极 hydrogen electrodes444.区域熔化zone melting445.热 heat446.热爆炸 heat explosion447.热泵 heat pump448.热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat449.热函heat content450.热化学thermochemistry451.热化学方程thermochemical equation452.热机 heat engine453.热机效率 efficiency of heat engine454.热力学 thermodynamics455.热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics456.热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics457.热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics458.热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics 459.热力学几率 thermodynamic probability460.热力学能 thermodynamic energy461.热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function 462.热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature463.热力学温度thermodynamic temperature464.热熵thermal entropy465.热效应heat effect466.熔点曲线 melting point curve467.熔化热heat of fusion468.溶胶 colloidal sol469.溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy470.溶液 solution471.溶胀 swelling472.乳化剂 emulsifier473.乳状液 emulsion474.润湿 wetting475.润湿角 wetting angle476.萨克尔－泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation 477.三相点 triple point478.三相平衡线 triple-phase line479.熵 entropy480.熵判据 entropy criterion481.熵增原理 principle of entropy increase482.渗透压 osmotic pressure483.渗析法 dialytic process484.生成反应 formation reaction485.升华热heat of sublimation486.实际气体 real gas487.舒尔采－哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule488.松驰力relaxation force489.松驰时间time of relaxation490.速度常数reaction rate constant491.速率方程rate equations492.速率控制步骤rate determining step493.塔费尔公式 Tafel equation494.态－态反应 state-state reactions495.唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium496.淌度 mobility497.特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule498.特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity499.体积功 volume work500.统计权重 statistical weight501.统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics502.统计熵 statistic entropy503.途径 path504.途径函数 path function505.外扩散控制 external diffusion control506.完美晶体 perfect crystalline507.完全气体 perfect gas508.微观状态 microstate509.微态 microstate510.韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery511.维恩效应Wien effect512.维里方程 virial equation513.维里系数 virial coefficient514.稳流过程 steady flow process515.稳态近似法 stationary state approximation516.无热溶液athermal solution517.无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 518.物理化学 Physical Chemistry519.物理吸附 physisorptions520.吸附 adsorption521.吸附等量线 adsorption isostere522.吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm523.吸附等压线 adsorption isobar524.吸附剂 adsorbent525.吸附量 extent of adsorption526.吸附热 heat of adsorption527.吸附质 adsorbate528.析出电势 evolution or deposition potential529.析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state530.稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions 531.稀释焓 dilution enthalpy532.系统 system533.系统点 system point534.系统的环境 environment of system535.相 phase536.相变 phase change537.相变焓 enthalpy of phase change538.相变化 phase change539.相变热 heat of phase change540.相点 phase point541.相对挥发度relative volatility542.相对粘度 relative viscosity543.相律 phase rule544.相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium545.相图 phase diagram546.相倚子系统 system of dependent particles547.悬浮液 suspension548.循环过程 cyclic process549.压力商 pressure quotient550.压缩因子 compressibility factor551.压缩因子图 diagram of compressibility factor552.亚稳状态 metastable state553.盐桥 salt bridge554.盐析 salting out555.阳极 anode556.杨氏方程 Young's equation557.液体接界电势 liquid junction potential558.液相线 liquid phase lines559.一级反应first order reaction560.一级相变first order phase change561.依时计量学反应 time dependent stoichiometric reactions 562.逸度 fugacity563.逸度系数 coefficient of fugacity564.阴极 cathode565.荧光 fluorescence566.永动机 perpetual motion machine567.永久气体 Permanent gas568.有效能 available energy569.原电池 primary cell570.原盐效应 salt effect571.增比粘度 specific viscosity572.憎液溶胶 lyophobic sol573.沾湿 adhesional wetting574.沾湿功 the work of adhesional wetting575.折射率index of refraction576.真溶液 true solution577.真实电解质real electrolyte578.真实气体 real gas579.真实迁移数true transference number580.振动配分函数 partition function of vibration581.振动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 582.蒸气压下降 depression of vapor pressure583.正常沸点 normal point584.正吸附 positive adsorption585.支链反应 branched chain reactions586.直链反应 straight chain reactions587.指前因子 pre-exponential factor588.质量作用定律mass action law589.制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration590.中和热heat of neutralization591.轴功 shaft work592.转动配分函数 partition function of rotation593.转动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 594.转化率 convert ratio595.转化温度conversion temperature596.状态 state597.状态方程 state equation598.状态分布 state distribution599.状态函数 state function600.准静态过程quasi-static process601.准一级反应 pseudo first order reaction 602.自动催化作用 auto-catalysis603.自发过程 spontaneous process604.自由度 degree of freedom605.自由度数 number of degree of freedom 606.自由焓free enthalpy607.自由能free energy608.自由膨胀free expansion609.组分数 component number610.最低恒沸点 lower azeotropic point611.最高恒沸点 upper azeotropic point612.最佳反应温度 optimal reaction temperature 613.最可几分布 most probable distribution 614.最可几速率 most propable speed。
Physical chemistry物理化学专业英语
▪ Surroundings （环境） ▪ State （状态） ▪ State function（状态函数） ▪ Path （路径） ▪ Process （过程） ▪ Isothermal process （等温~） ▪ Isobaric process （等压~ ） ▪ Isochoric process （等容~ ）
•Extensive property （广度性质）
volume weight heat capacity （热容） internal energy (内能)
•Intensive property （强度性质） temperature pressure density viscosity （粘度）
• Thermochemistry （热 化学） • Thermochemistry equationbb • Thermochemistry cycle • Exothermic reaction （放热反应） • Endothermic reaction （吸热反应）
• Heat of reaction （反应热） • Heat of formation （生成热） • Heat of combustion （燃烧热） • Heat of solution （溶解热） • Integral heat of solution（积分溶解热） • Differential heat of solution（微分溶解热） • Heat of sublimation（升华热） • Heat of liquefaction （液化热） • Heat of neutralization （中和热） • Heat of mixing （混和热） • Heat of hydration （水化热）
初中物理化学英语名词汇总
化学中的英语单词explosion[ɪk'sploʒən]爆炸(=burst,联系时政)saturated['sætʃə,retɪd]solution[sə'luʃən]饱和溶液unsaturated solution不饱和溶液pure [pjur] substance ['sʌbstəns]纯净物catalyst ['kætəlɪst]催化剂deliquesce[,dɛlə'kwɛs]潮解ozone ['ozon]臭氧electron[ɪ'lɛktrɑn]电子elementary [,ɛlə'mɛntərɪ] substance 单质nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮气starch [stɑrtʃ]淀粉protein ['protiɪn]蛋白质carbon ['kɑrbən] dioxide [daɪ'ɑksaɪd]二氧化碳steel 钢preparation [,prɛpə'reʃən] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法gold 金properties ['prɑpɚ taɪs] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳性质air 空气use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途molecule ['mɑlə,kjul]分子phenolphthalein['finɔl'θælin]酚酞reactant [rɪ'æktənt]反应物non-metal element ['ɛləmənt]非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]分解反应alloy ['ælɔɪ]合金double decomposition reaction复分解反应valence ['veləns]化合价compound['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['fɝtl,aɪzɚ]复合肥料mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]混合物composite [kəm'pɑzɪt] materials[met'raɪəls]复合材料nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑpɚtɪ]化学性质chemical formula['fɔrmjələ]化学式compound ['kɑmpaund]化合物chemical equation [ɪ'kweʃən]化学方程式combination [,kɑmbə'neʃən] reaction 化学反应coal 煤slow oxidation[,ɑksə'deʃən]缓慢氧化reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction 还原反应fossil['fɑs!] fuel['fjuəl]化石燃料synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] rubber['rʌbɚ]合成橡胶synthetic[sɪn'θɛtɪk] fiber['faɪbɚ]合成纤维chemical fertilizer['fɝtl,aɪzɚ] 化学肥料metal element金属元素crystal ['krɪst!]晶体crystallization[,krɪst!ɪ'zeʃən]结晶alkali['ælkə,laɪ]结晶diamond ['daɪəmənd]金刚石methane['mɛθen]甲烷methanol['mɛθə,nol]甲醇composition of air 空气的组成air pollution 空气污染liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]of air 空气液化separation[,sɛpə'reʃən]of air 空气分离mineral['mɪnərəl]矿物（新概念词汇）ion['aɪən]离子sulphuric acid ['æsɪd]硫酸（acid酸，新概念词汇）extinguisher [ɪk'stɪŋgwɪʃɚ]灭火器sodium['sodɪəm]chloride['sodɪəm]氯酸钠aluminium[,æljə'mɪnɪəm]铝pesticide ['pɛstɪ,saɪd]农药nano-materials[mə'tɪrɪəls]纳米农药glucose['glukos]葡萄糖hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sodɪəm] hydroxide [haɪ'drɑks,aɪd]氢氧化钠combustion [kəm'bʌstʃən]燃烧calcium ['kælsɪəm] hydroxide 氢氧化钙dissolved[kəm'bʌstʃən]溶解solution[sə'luʃən]溶液solvent['sɑlvənt]溶剂solute[sɑ'ljut]溶质solubility [,sɑljə'bɪlətɪ]溶解度solubility curve [kɝv]溶解度曲线mass fraction ['frækʃən] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [ɪ'mʌlʃən]乳浊液pig iron ['aɪɚn]生铁product ['prɑdəkt]生成物acid ['æsɪd]酸acidity [ə'sɪdətɪ] and basicity [be'sɪsətɪ]酸碱度water 水composition of water 水的组成water pollution 水的污染graphite['græfaɪt]石墨acid rain酸雨litmus['lɪtməs]石蕊food additive ['ædətɪv]食品添加剂petroleum[pə'trolɪəm]石油plastics['plæstɪks]塑料carbon碳properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate['kɑrbə'haɪdret]碳水化合物iron['aɪɚn]铁sodium carbonate ['kɑrbə,net]碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['fɪzɪk!] change 物理变化physical property物理性质amorphous [ə'mɔrfəs] carbon 无定形碳vitamin['vaɪtəmɪn]维生素greenhouse effect [ɪ'fɛkt]温室效应copper['kɑpɚ]洞relative ['rɛlətɪv] atomic [ə'tɑmɪk] mass 相对原子质量rust [rʌst]铁锈relative molecular [mə'lɛkjəlɚ] mass 相对分子质量rare[rɛr] gas 稀有气体nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid 硝酸atom ['ætəm]原子atomic [ə'tɑmɪk]structure ['strʌktʃɚ]原子结构atomic nucleus ['njuklɪəs]原子核anion ['æn,aɪən]阳离子cation ['kætaɪən]阴离子element 元素symbols['sɪmb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,pɪrɪ'ɑdɪk] table of the elements 元素周期表salt [sɔlt]盐atomic group [grup]原子团oxidation [,ɑksə'deʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]氧化反应oxide [rɪ'ækʃən]氧化物oxygen['ɑksədʒən]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksaɪd]一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质drug 药品organic [ɔr'gænɪk] compound ['kɑmpaund]有机物acetic [ə'sitɪk] acia乙酸ethanol ['ɛθə,nol]乙醇nutrient ['njutrɪənt]营养品oil 油proton['protɑn]质子neutron['njutrɑn]中子displacement reaction [rɪ'ækʃən]置换反应law of conservation [,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of mass 质量守恒定律fat脂肪neutralization [,nutrələ'zeʃən] reaction 中和反应sucrose ['sjukros]蔗糖autoignition 自燃indicator ['ɪndə,ketɚ]指示剂alkali['ælkə,laɪ]碱reactive[rɪ'æktɪv]活泼react[rɪ'ækt]反应filter['fɪltɚ]过滤filtrate['fɪltret]滤液test [tɛst] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯chemical apparatus[,æpə'retəs]化学仪器dropper['drɑpɚ]滴管asbestos [æs'bɛstəs] network['nɛt,wɝk]石棉网Set cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser冷凝管jar [dʒɑr]广口瓶Flask锥形瓶Rubber plug[plʌg]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps镊子Crucible tongs[tɔŋz]坩埚钳beaker['bikɚ]烧杯Graduated cylinder['sɪlɪndɚ]量筒Particle['pɑrtɪk!]微粒light点燃Electrolysis电解Heating加热Molecule[mə'lɛkj ul]分子Sink水槽Boiled煮沸Thermometer['θɝmə,græf]温度计liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]液化vaporize['vepə,raɪz]汽化solidify[sə'lɪdə,faɪ]凝固condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华sublime[sə'blaɪm]升华melt[mɛlt]熔化evaporate[ɪ'væpə,ret]蒸发alum ['æləm]明矾Conductive[kən'dʌktɪv]导电Solid固态Battery['bætərɪ]干电池Diamond钻石Alcohol['ælkə,hɔl]酒精dry ice干冰Vapor ['vepɚ]汽态Liquid ['lɪkwɪd] state[stet]液态rust[rʌst]铁锈Liquid ['lɪkwɪd]液体Reduction[rɪ'dʌkʃən] reaction还原反应Dissolve[dɪ'zɑlv]溶解Peroxide[pə'rɑksaɪd]过氧化氢acetic [ə'sitɪk] acid醋酸Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] permanganate[pɝ'mæŋgə,net]高锰酸钾Biological [,baiə'lɔdʒikəl] Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['kɔstɪk]soda烧碱（soda苏打）- Soda ash[æʃ]纯碱Hydrated ['haɪdretɪd] lime[laɪm]熟石灰Quicklime ['kwɪk,laɪm]生石灰Limestone石灰石Activated ['æktə,vetɪd] Carbon活性炭Soda苏打Baking soda小苏打dilute [daɪ'lut]稀释carbonic [kɑr'bɑnɪk] acid碳酸nitric ['naɪtrɪk] acid硝酸sulfuric [sʌl'fjurɪk] acid硫酸hydrogen ['haɪdrədʒən]氢nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒən]氮sodium ['sodɪəm]钠magnesium ['mæg'niʃɪəm]镁aluminum [ə'lumɪnəm]铝phosphorous ['fɑsfərəs]磷sulfur ['sʌlfɚ]硫chlorine ['klorin]氯potassium [pə'tæsɪəm]钾calcium ['kælsɪəm]钙titanium [taɪ'tenɪəm]钛iron ['aɪɚn]铁copper ['kɑpɚ]铜zinc [zɪŋk]锌silver ['sɪlvɚ]银iodine ['aɪə,daɪn]碘初中物理英语名词mechanical motion['moʃən]机械运动motion运动reference['rɛfərəns] object 参照物rest静止velocity[və'lɑsətɪ]速度sound 声音uniform rectilinear[,rɛktə'lɪnɪɚ] motion 匀速直线运动variable['vɛrɪəb!]rectilinear motion 变速直线运动musical sound 乐音noise 噪音pitch[pɪtʃ]音调（frequently频繁的）frequency['frikwənsɪ]频率loudness 响度musical quality['kwɑlətɪ]音色ultrasound：['ʌltrə,saund]超声infrasonic sound[,ɪnfrə'sɑnɪk]次声light 光reflection[rɪ'flɛkʃən]of light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射diffuse[dɪ'fjuz] reflection 漫反射refraction [rɪ'frækʃən] of light 光的折射conves ['kɑnvɛks]lens [lɛnz] 凸透镜concave ['kɑnkev] lens凹透镜convergent[kən'vɝdʒənt]lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent[daɪ'vɝdʒənt]lens 发散透镜（凹透镜）force[fors]力elastic[ɪ'læstɪk]force 弹力gravity['grævətɪ]重力weight [wet]物重（重力）center of gravity重心sliding['slaɪdɪŋ] frictional['frɪkʃənəl] force滑动摩擦力Newton’s first law 牛顿第一定律inertia [ɪn'ɝʃə]惯性mass[mæs] 质量density['dɛnsətɪ]密度buoyancy['bɔɪənsɪ] force浮力pressure ['prɛʃɚ]压力（相同，注意理解）pressure压强atmospheric [,ætməs'fɛrɪk] pressure 气压standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压lever['lɛvɚ]杠杆fixed pulley['pulɪ]定滑轮movable ['muvəb!]pulley动滑轮mechanicl work 机械功power功率mechanicl efficiency[ɪ'fɪʃənsɪ]机械效率kinetic energy：[kɪ'nɛtɪk]动能energy 能量potential energy[pə'tɛnʃəl]势能mechanicl energy 机械能crystal['krɪst!]晶体noncrystal非晶体melt ing['mɛltɪŋ]熔化melting point [pɔɪnt] 熔点vaporization [,vepərə'zeʃən]汽化boiling ['bɔɪlɪŋ]沸腾vaporation蒸发sublimation[,sʌblə'meʃən]升华solidification[sə,lɪdəfə'keʃən]凝固solidifying：[sə'lɪdə,faɪ] point 凝固点liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] 液化condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华internal [ɪn'tɝn!] energy 内能heat quantity：['kwɑntətɪ]热量specific[spɪ'sɪfɪk] heat capacity [kə'pæsətɪ]比热容heat engine ['ɛndʒən]热机internal-combustion[kəm'bʌstʃən] engine 内燃机electric [ɪ'lɛktrɪk] charge [tʃɑrdʒ]电荷positive ['pɑzətɪv] charge 正电荷negative ['nɛgətɪv] charge 负电荷series['siriz] connection [kə'nɛkʃən]串联parallel['pærə,lɛl]connection并联electric current ['kɝənt] 电流ampere [æm'pɪr]安培voltage ['voltɪdʒ]电压volt福特ohm‘s law 欧姆定律electric power 电功率rated ['retɪd] voltage 额定电压rated current 额定电流rated power 额定功率electromagnetic [ɪ'lɛktromæg'nɛtɪk] induction [ɪn'dʌkʃən]电磁感应现象induced electric current感应电流lightguide[laɪtgaɪd] fiber ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维elasticity[ɪ,læs'tɪsətɪ]弹性hardness硬度ducility延展性chemical energy 化学能nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] energy 核能law of conservation[,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of energy 能量守恒定律renewable [rɪ'njuəb!]energy source [sors]可再生能源（注意“核-nuclear”-联系时政）nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源nuclear fission ['fɪʃən]核裂变nuclear fusion['fjuʒən] 核聚变geothermal [,dʒio'θɝm!] energy地热能tidal ['taɪd!]energy 潮汐能wind energy 风能angle['æŋg!]of emergence[ɪ'mɝdʒəns]出射角light beam[bim]光束/光柱angle of incidence ['ɪnsədns]入射角light ray 光线angle of reflection [rɪ'flɛkʃən]反射角light source[sors]光源angle of refraction[rɪ'frækʃən]折射角mains frequency ['frikwənsɪ]市电频率apparent [ə'pærənt] depth [dɛpθ]视深medium['midɪəm]介质binoculars[bɪ'nɑkjəlɚs]双筒望远（新概念词汇）boiler['bɔɪlɚ]锅炉microwave ['maɪkro,wev]微波mirage[mə'rɑʒ]海市蜃楼，蜃景Celsius temperature scale[skel]摄氏温标mirror 镜change of state 物态变化multiple ['mʌltəp!]image['ɪmɪdʒ]复像multiple reflection 多次反射condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝结，凝聚mutually ['mjutʃuəlɪ] perpendicular[,pɝpən'dɪkjəlɚ]互相垂直的colour 颜色condensation[,kɑndɛn'seʃən] point 凝点，凝结点normal 法线coolant['kulənt]冷却剂object 物，物体cooling curve[kɝv]冷却曲 object distance 物距critical ['krɪtɪk!]angle 临界optical ['ɑp tɪk!] fibre ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维，光纤degree [dɪ'gri]度optical ['ɑptɪk!] illusion [ɪ'ljuʒən]光幻象，视错觉degree Celsius（ce ntigrade）摄氏度optically['ɑptɪklɪ]dense medium['midɪəm]光密介质deviation[,divɪ'eʃən]偏向，偏差optically less dense[dɛns] medium 光疏介质。
物理化学英文词汇[整理版]
![物理化学英文词汇[整理版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/727f4a186d85ec3a87c24028915f804d2b168735.png)
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上) -yne 炔Bunsen burner 本生灯product 反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂，氢离子（浓度的）负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒，量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒丙酮：acetone异丙醇：isopropyl alcohol叔戊醇：amylene alcohol杂质：impurity水分：water content moisture content ;water content ;watercontent硅烷：silicane苯甲腈：cyanobenzene丙烷基, 丙基propyl氰基胍, 二聚氨基氰dicyandiamide物理化学英语词汇BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory 阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance 半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy 标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy 标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function 标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle’s law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind 缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force电动电势zeta potential电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis 电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion 沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions 分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode感胶离子序lyotropic series杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law 隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol 固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry 光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy广度性质extensive property广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid过热液体overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion 亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient 焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem 卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electroly可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation ofideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势streaming potential流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity露点dew point露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy 内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waalsequation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics 热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol 溶解焓dissolution enthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation 三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采－哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态－态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学Physical Chemistry物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient压缩因子compressibility factor压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态metastable state 盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out阳极anode杨氏方程Y oung’s equation液体接界电势liquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficient of fugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas有效能available energy原电池primary cell原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partition function of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration转化率convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态state状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process准一级反应pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature 最可几分布most probable distribution最可几速率most。
物理化学专业词汇中英文对照
物理化学专业词汇中英文对照BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论 DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质 pVT propertyζ电势 zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律 Amagat law艾林方程 Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence 爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数 Antoine constant安托万方程 Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体 saturated liquids饱和蒸气 saturated vapor饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限 explosion limits比表面功 specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度 reduced viscosity标准电动势 standard electromotive force标准电极电势 standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode标准态 standard state标准熵 standard entropy标准压力 standard pressure标准状况 standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面 surfaces表面过程控制 surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量 surface excess表面张力 surface tension表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law波义尔定律 Boyle law波义尔温度 Boyle temperature波义尔点 Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程 irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change布朗运动 brownian movement查理定律Charle’s law产率 yield敞开系统 open system超电势 over potential沉降 sedimentation沉降电势 sedimentation potential沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium触变 thixotropy粗分散系统 thick disperse system催化剂 catalyst单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应 unimolecular reaction单链反应 straight chain reactions弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律 Dalton law道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula德拜－休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 等焓过程 isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理 theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程 equation at constant temperature低共熔点 eutectic point低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture低会溶点 lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵 third-law entropy第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption电池常数 cell constant电池电动势 electromotive force of cells电池反应 cell reaction电导 conductance电导率 conductivity电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势 zeta potential电功electric work电化学 electrochemistry电化学极化 electrochemical polarization电极电势 electrode potential电极反应 reactions on the electrode电极种类 type of electrodes电解池 electrolytic cell电量计 coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移 electro migration电迁移率 electromobility电渗 electroosmosis电渗析 electrodialysis电泳 electrophoresis丁达尔效应 Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer定域子系统 localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制 kinetics control独立子系统 independent particle system对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume对比体积 reduced volume对比温度 reduced temperature对比压力 reduced pressure对称数 symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数 faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透 reverse osmosis反应分子数 molecularity反应级数 reaction orders反应进度 extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate范德华常数 van der Waals constant范德华方程 van der Waals equation范德华力 van der Waals force范德华气体 van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应 non-elementary reactions非体积功 non-volume work非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点 boiling point沸点升高 elevation of boiling point费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布 distribution分布数 distribution numbers分解电压 decomposition voltage分配定律 distribution law分散系统 disperse system分散相 dispersion phase分体积 partial volume分体积定律 partial volume law分压 partial pressure分压定律 partial pressure law分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力 intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统 closed system附加压力 excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极 negative pole负吸附 negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律 Hess law甘汞电极 calomel electrode感胶离子序 lyotropic series杠杆规则 lever rule高分子溶液 macromolecular solution高会溶点 upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统 isolated system根均方速率 root-mean-square speed功 work功函work content共轭溶液 conjugate solution共沸温度 azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统 isolated system固溶胶 solid sol固态混合物 solid solution固相线 solid phase line光反应 photoreaction光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应 photosensitized reactions光谱熵 spectrum entropy广度性质 extensive property广延量 extensive quantity广延性质 extensive property规定熵 stipulated entropy过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor过程 process过渡状态理论 transition state theory过冷水 super-cooled water过冷液体 overcooled liquid过热液体 overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数 Helmholtz function焓 enthalpy亨利常数 Henry constant亨利定律 Henry law恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热 heat at constant volume恒外压 constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热 heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势 chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势 chemical potential化学势判据 chemical potential criterion化学吸附 chemisorptions环境 environment环境熵变 entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵 entropy of mixing混合物 mixture活度 activity活化控制 activation control活化络合物理论 activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级 energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution吉布斯－杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数 Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy吉氏函数 Gibbs function极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线 polarization curves极化作用 polarization极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity几率因子 steric factor计量式 stoichiometric equation计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient价数规则 rule of valence简并度 degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻 broth jelly胶核 colloidal nucleus胶凝作用 demulsification胶束micelle胶体 colloid胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid胶体化学 collochemistry胶体粒子 colloidal particles焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律 Joule's law接触电势contact potential接触角 contact angle节流过程 throttling process节流膨胀 throttling expansion节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion 结线 tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption 界面 interfaces界面张力 surface tension浸湿 immersion wetting浸湿功 immersion wetting work精馏 rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉 coagulation聚沉值 coagulation value绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵 absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程 adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数 adiabatic index卡诺定理 Carnot theorem卡诺循环 Carnot cycle开尔文公式 Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池 reversible cell可逆过程 reversible process可逆过程方程 reversible process equation可逆体积功 reversible volume work可逆相变 reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤 control step库仑计 coulometer扩散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律 Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式 Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线 cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统 non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions离子氛 ionic atmosphere离子强度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想气体 ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture粒子 particles粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物 chain carrier链反应 chain reactions量热熵 calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率 quantum yield临界参数 critical parameter临界常数 critical constant临界点 critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume临界温度 critical temperature临界压力 critical pressure临界状态 critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势 streaming potential流动功 flow work笼罩效应 cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点 dew point露点线 dew point line麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary毛细现象 capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant摩尔电导率 molar conductivity摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant摩尔热容 molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制 internal diffusions control内能 internal energy内压力 internal pressure能级 energy levels能级分布 energy level distribution能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程 Nernst equation能斯特热定理 Nernst heat theorem凝固点 freezing point凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线 freezing point curve凝胶 gelatin凝聚态 condensed state凝聚相 condensed phase浓差超电势 concentration over-potential浓差极化 concentration polarization浓差电池 concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点 bubble point泡点线 bubble point line配分函数 partition function配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面 collision cross section碰撞数 the number of collisions偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities平衡常数（理想气体反应） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases 平动配分函数 partition function of translation平衡分布 equilibrium distribution平衡态 equilibrium state平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram平均活度 mean activity平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳 demulsification铺展 spreading普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation其它功 the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶 aerosol气体常数 gas constant气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶 aerosol气相线 vapor line迁移数 transport number潜热latent heat强度量 intensive quantity强度性质 intensive property亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol氢电极 hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热 heat热爆炸 heat explosion热泵 heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机 heat engine热机效率 efficiency of heat engine热力学 thermodynamics热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率 thermodynamic probability热力学能 thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线 melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶 colloidal sol溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy溶液 solution溶胀 swelling乳化剂 emulsifier乳状液 emulsion润湿 wetting润湿角 wetting angle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点 triple point三相平衡线 triple-phase line熵 entropy熵判据 entropy criterion熵增原理 principle of entropy increase渗透压 osmotic pressure渗析法 dialytic process生成反应 formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体 real gas舒尔采－哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式 Tafel equation态－态反应 state-state reactions唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium淌度 mobility特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity体积功 volume work统计权重 statistical weight统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics统计熵 statistic entropy途径 path途径函数 path function外扩散控制 external diffusion control完美晶体 perfect crystalline完全气体 perfect gas微观状态 microstate微态 microstate韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程 virial equation维里系数 virial coefficient稳流过程 steady flow process稳态近似法 stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学 Physical Chemistry物理吸附 physisorptions吸附 adsorption吸附等量线 adsorption isostere吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm吸附等压线 adsorption isobar吸附剂 adsorbent吸附量 extent of adsorption吸附热 heat of adsorption吸附质 adsorbate析出电势 evolution or deposition potential析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions 稀释焓 dilution enthalpy系统 system系统点 system point系统的环境 environment of system相 phase相变 phase change相变焓 enthalpy of phase change相变化 phase change相变热 heat of phase change相点 phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度 relative viscosity相律 phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图 phase diagram相倚子系统 system of dependent particles悬浮液 suspension循环过程 cyclic process压力商 pressure quotient压缩因子 compressibility factor压缩因子图 diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态 metastable state盐桥 salt bridge盐析 salting out阳极 anode杨氏方程Young’s equation液体接界电势 liquid junction potential液相线 liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应 time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度 fugacity逸度系数 coefficient of fugacity阴极 cathode荧光 fluorescence永动机 perpetual motion machine永久气体 Permanent gas有效能 available energy原电池 primary cell原盐效应 salt effect增比粘度 specific viscosity憎液溶胶 lyophobic sol沾湿 adhesional wetting沾湿功 the work of adhesional wetting真溶液 true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体 real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数 partition function of vibration振动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 蒸气压下降 depression of vapor pressure正常沸点 normal point正吸附 positive adsorption支链反应 branched chain reactions直链反应 straight chain reactions指前因子 pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization轴功 shaft work转动配分函数 partition function of rotation转动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率 convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态 state状态方程 state equation状态分布 state distribution状态函数 state function准静态过程quasi-static process准一级反应 pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用 auto-catalysis自由度 degree of freedom自由度数 number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数 component number最低恒沸点 lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点 upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度 optimal reaction temperature最可几分布 most probable distribution最可几速率 most propable speed。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一些物理化学专业英语词汇BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle’s law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode感胶离子序lyotropic series杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy广度性质extensive property广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid过热液体overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption 界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process节流膨胀throttling expansion节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势streaming potential流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity露点dew point露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation 三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采－哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态－态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学Physical Chemistry物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient压缩因子compressibility factor压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态metastable state盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out阳极anode杨氏方程Young’s equation液体接界电势liquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficient of fugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas有效能available energy原电池primary cell原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partition function of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration转化率convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态state状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process准一级反应pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature最可几分布most probable distribution最可几速率most propable speed1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of VolumePressureT emperature Changes and Catalysts i. 体积压力温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s(pdf) Orbital s(pdf)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes Atomic Numbers and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性/电子亲合性[势]83. metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. metallic Solids 金属晶体106. metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名组成和结构116. Charges Coordination Numbers and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (BoronAluminiumGalliumIndiumThallium) 硼族（硼铝镓铟铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (CarbonSiliconGermaniumTinLead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (PhosphorusArsenicAntimonyand Bismuth) 氮族（磷砷锑铋）142. Ammonia Nitric Acid Phosphoric Acid 氨硝酸磷酸143. Phosphorates phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen Sulfur Selenium and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数。