美国文学史-Hawthorne-and-MelvillePPT课件
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美国文学史及作品选读(级)PPT
● When he was born, his family declined. He was aware of his ancestors’ misdeeds and thus “blackness of Hawthorne” formed. He thought that the reason of his family’s decline is his ancestors’ misdeeds. And he didn’t agree with the optimism held by Transcendentalists towards human nature. He wrote lots of works on everlasting evil side in human nature.
● Like Emerson, Hawthorne thinks that man’s eyes should pierce the veil of surfaces to discover the human nature.
● For Hawthorne, as for Emerson, external reality, nature, objects, tangible forms are merely symbols of a deeper, more inward, ultimately spiritual reality, and Hawthorne’s language, like Emerson’s, is an attempt to extract the secret meaning from reality.
● He graduated from Bowdoin College. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Mr. Pierce, the 14th American president were his classmates.
英美文学霍桑介绍-PPT课件
Strange behavior
brother and two sisters
Goody Glover
was arrested and accused of bewitching the children.
met twice with Glover after her arrest to persuade her to repent her witchcraft
Reverend Cotton Mather
Glover was hanged
In 1692
January 20
Abigail Williams(11) Elizabeth Parris (9)
Strange behavior
Other girls in Salem
Mid-February, 1692:
Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692
The map of Salem (塞勒姆):
Salem was settled in 1629,Massachusetts
In 1688
Goody Glover : a laundress Martha Goodwin: a 13-year-old girl
• Hawthorne did three thing: first, as a surveyor second, Grandfather's Chair ; Famous Old People; the Liberty Tree
third, he invested his savings at Brook Farm
Nathaniel Hawthorne
life
• Hawthorne studied at Bowdoin college in Maine(1821~1825) • • Pot Longfellow and Franklin pierce
《英美文学霍桑介绍》课件
孤独与创作
筆觸與想像
霍桑通常在独处的环境中创作， 他的写作桌上摆满了他的神秘 玩偶和旧照片。
霍桑的书写风格极富想象力， 他的文字充满了独特的魅力和 意象。
象征主义手法
霍桑善于运用象征主义的手法， 通过象征物和隐喻给作品注入 了深意。
霍桑的影响
霍桑的作品对美国文学和社会产生了深远的影响，他在文学史上扮演着重要的角色。
罪与赎
《红字》中艾丽西亚的遭遇和挣扎展现了罪 与赎的主题。
道德与良知
霍桑通过作品反思了人们的道德选择和内心 的良知。
自由与束缚
《七间小屋》中的人物们经历了自由和束缚 的斗争，展示了社会和个体的内在冲突。
黑暗与光明
霍桑的作品中充满了黑暗和光明之间的对抗 和纠结。
分析霍桑的写作风格
霍桑独特的写作风格使他的作品充满了戏剧性、浪漫主义和内省。
家族关系与影响
霍桑的家族背景以及家人对他 的影响是他创作的重要因素。
原生家庭中的早期经历
霍桑的早年经历和人际关系塑 造了他的个性和写作风格。
霍桑的文学生涯
霍桑的文学生涯充满了辛酸和辉煌，他的作品对美国文学产生了深远的影响。
1
《红字》的成功与转折
2
霍桑通过《红字》一举成名，但这也
为他带来了新的挑战和困扰。
霍桑与后现代主义
霍桑的作品中的主题和技巧 与后现代主义文学的思想紧 密相关。
社会隐喻与当代问 题
霍桑通过作品中的社会隐喻 和问题触及了当代社会和人 们的内心世界。
文学创新与实验
霍桑在文学创作中的创新和 实验影响了现代作家的写作 风格和思考方式。
结论：霍桑在美国文学中的地位
霍桑是美国文学史上的重要人物，他的作品和思想永远铭刻在美国文化的丰碑上。
美国文学课件
第一讲美国文化的背景与特征一、美国文化背景概观1、荒野里诞生的国度开拓型文化对于美国民族精神的塑造大有裨益：（1）有利于培植个人主义价值观（2）有利于造就美利坚民族的乐观精神（3）有利于培养创新精神2、清教传统美国主流文化：白人盎格鲁-撒克逊新教文化清教（Puritanism）是新教的一个支派清教主义的信念：（1）上帝具有万能的力量（2）每个人凭借对上帝的信仰就可以成为上帝的选民（3）相信原罪说，注重反省自身（4）只有辛勤劳动，勤俭节约，取得事业成功，才能完成上帝赋予自己的使命清教对美国社会发展具有重要作用:（1）造就了精打细算、兢兢业业的作风和追求财富的动力（2）养成了开发新疆土、征服大自然的冒险精神（3）具有社会凝聚力，产生了一种新的民族认同3、多元开放的移民社会移民社会与美国文化的发展：（1）早期移民给新大陆的政治生活注入了民主的气氛（2）美国没有经历过封建社会阶段，商业的迅速发展对美国人的价值取向、国民心态产生了深远的影响（3）多元、开放性使美国文化充满生机与活力二、美国文化的特征1、核心价值观——个人主义（1）“个人主义”的含义：指西方从文艺复兴以来随着资本主义反对封建压迫和神权统治斗争的发展而形成的以个人为中心的思想，其主要内容是相信每个人都具有价格，高度重视个人自由（2）个人主义和利己主义的区别与联系: 个人主义强调个人的独立性，创造性，个人的个性发展。
利己主义把个人的特殊利益凌驾于他人，社会公共利益之上，是违背功德的极端个人主义。
（3）美国个人主义的起源:清教传统是主要根源。
在拓荒中以自给自足方式生存使个人主义成为信仰和民族精神。
政治家，思想家的理论阐述时个人主义成为美国文化的主要信条。
爱默生强调个人精神的重要性，美国文化要从欧洲独立。
（4）美国个人主义价值观的主要内容A、个人的力量无限: 美国“牛仔精神”-个人英雄主义B、自主抉择，自力更生C、个人的权利不可侵犯(5) 对美国个人主义价值观的评价（思考）2、冒险、开拓、富有创新精神3、自由、平等精神4、实用主义/功利主义5、物质主义6、种族主义和扩张主义第二讲美国文学的发展阶段一、印第安传统文学二、殖民地时期文学（17世纪初-18世纪中叶）三、启蒙与独立战争时期文学（18世纪中叶-19世纪初）四、浪漫主义时期文学（19世纪上半叶）五、现实主义时期文学（南北战争后-20世纪初）六、现代文学（20世纪上半叶）七、当代文学（二战以后- 今）一、印第安传统文学印第安传统文学的主要特征（1）以口头形式流传（2）常见文学样式：典仪、曲词、神话与传说、史诗等（3）同印第安人生活有着特殊的联系（4）有一些基本相同的主题（5）常运用重复、渐进的手法关于印第安文学，值得研究的问题：1、如何认识印第安传统文学在美国文学整体中的地位？2、印第安传统文学同殖民地时期移民关于印第安人的叙述有何联系？3、印第安传统文学与印第安当代文学之间，有着怎样的延续和继承关系？4、印第安文学与其它弱势文学之间有何关系？《最后的莫希干人》二、殖民地时期文学The colonial period (1607 - 1765)这一时期文学的成就与特点：（1）体裁：主要包括游记、日记、信札、报道、历史、传记和宗教诗歌等，其内容大多表现的是探险者和移民对自己事业的赞颂。
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
3
American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
8
2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
12
2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
美国文学 Nathaniel Hawthorne ppt
10
Hawthorne’s Point of View:
1) Evil is at the core of human life.
Whenever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation.
The Scarlet Letter
The story is an elaboration of a fact that the author takes out of the life of the Puritan past.
Hester Prynne, who lives before the close of the 17th century, commits some form of adultery with a clergyman Dimmesdale and is punished to have to wear a scarlet letter A on her breast.
房子》
• • • • 3. The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》 4. The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》 5. Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 6. Snow Image and Other Stories
The Scarlet Letter:
• It is a full-length novel . • The theme of the novel is the colonial times two hundred years ago. • It expose the cruelty of Social statute ,the deception of religious and the hypocrisy of moral in 19th century.
Hawthorne’s Point of View:
1) Evil is at the core of human life.
Whenever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation.
The Scarlet Letter
The story is an elaboration of a fact that the author takes out of the life of the Puritan past.
Hester Prynne, who lives before the close of the 17th century, commits some form of adultery with a clergyman Dimmesdale and is punished to have to wear a scarlet letter A on her breast.
房子》
• • • • 3. The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》 4. The Marble Faun 《玉石雕像》 5. Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 6. Snow Image and Other Stories
The Scarlet Letter:
• It is a full-length novel . • The theme of the novel is the colonial times two hundred years ago. • It expose the cruelty of Social statute ,the deception of religious and the hypocrisy of moral in 19th century.
美国文学课件4
Letter :
The themes in The Scarlet
(1) the juxtaposition between the puritan past and the present: nature seem to be a much higher moral force. (2) Doctrinarian morality is not the substance of Hawthorne’s moral vision. For his characters, the moral vision is acquired through an inner struggle or exploration which first places them in unfamiliar territories.
3. Hawthorne’s moral vision in short stories (1)―Young Goodman Brown‖ : A young man’s initiation to realize the all-prevailing power of sin among the puritan community and their attempt to hide the sin.
II. Key concept: Negative Capability: 1. the origin of the phrase: negative capability was first used by John Keats. In a letter written in December 1817, Keats defined it as the capability in good poets of including uncertainties and other negative emotions without stretching for reason and without losing reason.
美国浪漫主义文学 ppt课件
如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你
是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ • 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭 • “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我
笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……” • “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
温克尔bracebridgehall1822布雷斯布里奇田庄traveller1824旅客谈christophercolumbus1828哥伦布传granada1829攻克格拉纳达astoria1836阿斯托里亚olivergoldsmith1840revised1849哥尔德斯密斯传hissuccessors1850穆罕默德及其继承者georgewashingtonvolumes18551859华盛顿传18ralphwaldoemerson拉尔夫华尔多爱默生ralphwaldoemersonchiefspokesmannewenglandtranscendentalismwhichunanimouslyagreedromanticperiodamericanliteraturenature1836论自然americanscholar1837论美国学者divinityschooladdress1838神学院演讲oversoul1841selfreliance1841论自立20nathanielhawthorne1804l864纳撒尼尔霍桑julyl804prominentpuritanfamily
2.It tended to be didactic because of Puritan influence;
3.It was both imitative and independent
16
Major writers in The Romantic Period
是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ • 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭 • “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我
笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……” • “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
温克尔bracebridgehall1822布雷斯布里奇田庄traveller1824旅客谈christophercolumbus1828哥伦布传granada1829攻克格拉纳达astoria1836阿斯托里亚olivergoldsmith1840revised1849哥尔德斯密斯传hissuccessors1850穆罕默德及其继承者georgewashingtonvolumes18551859华盛顿传18ralphwaldoemerson拉尔夫华尔多爱默生ralphwaldoemersonchiefspokesmannewenglandtranscendentalismwhichunanimouslyagreedromanticperiodamericanliteraturenature1836论自然americanscholar1837论美国学者divinityschooladdress1838神学院演讲oversoul1841selfreliance1841论自立20nathanielhawthorne1804l864纳撒尼尔霍桑julyl804prominentpuritanfamily
2.It tended to be didactic because of Puritan influence;
3.It was both imitative and independent
16
Major writers in The Romantic Period
美国文学史总结PPT课件
人之福，也是众人之父“a common blessing and father to them all”
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John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
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Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
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John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
2019/9/12
10
Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
2019/9/12
美国文学霍桑_NEW_12Hawthorne精品PPT课件
Education
Bowdoin College (1821-1825) Friends: H. W. Longfellow & Franklin
Pierce Graduating 18th of 38 students
Career
1825-1827: Salem (reading and writing ) 1839-1840: Boston Customs House 1842: getting married and living at the Old Manse 1846-1849: Salem Customs House Buying “Wayside” 1853-1857: United States Consul at Liverpool 1857-59: Rome and Florence 1860: returning to America 1864: death
Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Scarlet Letter
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
Novelist Short Story Writer Central Figure of
American Renaissance
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
The trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of Quakers given to the body
Men and women sometimes fell down and lay struggling as if for life —Encyclopedia Britannica
美国文学 霍桑介绍Nathaniel Hawthorne ppt课件
• Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom House.
• Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692.
2.Morality and Sin（道德 & 罪恶）
◇ Man will get punished one way or another for his sin but can also be saved by his gooddeeds and self- improvement.
◇ One has to work and strive against temptation in order to win salvation(拯救). There could be no magic carriage which would enable one to reach heaven without toil or trouble.
?evilexistsinthehumanheart?everyonepossessessomeevilsecret?everyoneseemstocoveruphisinnermostevil?evilseemstobemansbirthmark?sinwilleventuallygetpunished?evileducates?overweeningintellectsourceofevil9大家有疑问的可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下但要小声点?themes1
5. Allegory(寓言)
◇ Hawthorne often achieved allegory by placing characters in a situation outside of the ordinary. eg. Young Goodman Brown《小伙子布朗》
• Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692.
2.Morality and Sin（道德 & 罪恶）
◇ Man will get punished one way or another for his sin but can also be saved by his gooddeeds and self- improvement.
◇ One has to work and strive against temptation in order to win salvation(拯救). There could be no magic carriage which would enable one to reach heaven without toil or trouble.
?evilexistsinthehumanheart?everyonepossessessomeevilsecret?everyoneseemstocoveruphisinnermostevil?evilseemstobemansbirthmark?sinwilleventuallygetpunished?evileducates?overweeningintellectsourceofevil9大家有疑问的可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下但要小声点?themes1
5. Allegory(寓言)
◇ Hawthorne often achieved allegory by placing characters in a situation outside of the ordinary. eg. Young Goodman Brown《小伙子布朗》
美国文学课件演示教学
pride and emotional repression. The Scarlet Letter brought him great fame and
fortune.
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Nathaniel Hawthorne (18041864)
1. Do you know Mark Twain? What are his major books? 2. Have you ever watched any movie that is adapted from American
literary works, for example, Moby Dick?
Moby Dick is a story about a whaling voyage.
The story explored some themes such as fate and the nature of evil.
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Charaters: Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Herman Melville (1819-1891)
Moby Dick is considered one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.
An Introduction to British and American Culture
The Lost Generation
fortune.
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Nathaniel Hawthorne (18041864)
1. Do you know Mark Twain? What are his major books? 2. Have you ever watched any movie that is adapted from American
literary works, for example, Moby Dick?
Moby Dick is a story about a whaling voyage.
The story explored some themes such as fate and the nature of evil.
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Charaters: Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Herman Melville (1819-1891)
Moby Dick is considered one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.
An Introduction to British and American Culture
The Lost Generation
英美文学PPT课件6.Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne
（July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864)
American novelist and short story writer
Much of Hawthorne's writing centers around New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration.
Hester’s story begins on a scaffold just outside the town prison. She has committed adultery, given birth to a child out of wedlock, and refuses to name the man with whom she had the affair.
The novel may be considered an allegory, a tale in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.
Although commonly called a novel
The Scarlet Letter: Background
Life in the Colonies was harsh,
but it gave the Puritans the opportunity to form a society based on their religious ideals.
The Scarlet Letter: Background
（July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864)
American novelist and short story writer
Much of Hawthorne's writing centers around New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration.
Hester’s story begins on a scaffold just outside the town prison. She has committed adultery, given birth to a child out of wedlock, and refuses to name the man with whom she had the affair.
The novel may be considered an allegory, a tale in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.
Although commonly called a novel
The Scarlet Letter: Background
Life in the Colonies was harsh,
but it gave the Puritans the opportunity to form a society based on their religious ideals.
The Scarlet Letter: Background
10th week Nathaniel_Hawthorne 英美文学赏析 教学课件
Hawthorne’s point of view
(1) Evil is at the core of human life. (2) Whenever there is sin, there is
punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation. (3) Evil educates. (4) He has disgust in science. One source of evil is overweening (too proud of oneself) intellect.
(1) Evil is at the core of human life.
“black” vision of life and human
discuses sin and evil in almost every book
Hawthorne
Evil exists in the human htEehvevieeal rrssyteo,oucnhrrerToceuepemtrpjt.aoaeionsmnEcfsstviceshseieslmevsntaiiesldhr.seetmnsiatsoanml’isest birthmark.
Hawthorne’s point of view
(3) Evil educates. Achievement is “under the impact of
and by engagement with evil”
经历过犯罪，受到其影响，人们才能有所成就
Man is better for the crime which brings about the fall.
英美文学欣赏资料-梅尔维尔-PPT文档资料
Transcendentalism
Moby Dick is a negative reflection upon
a victim of extreme Ahab: too much of a self-reliant individualism individual to be a good human being
Moby-Dick
1. Which body part has Ahab lost to Moby Dick? (A) His leg (B) His arm (C) His eye (D) His fingers A
Moby-Dick
2. What is the name of Ahab’s ship? (A) The Town-Ho (B) The Rachel (C) The Samuel Enderby (D) The Pequod D
Themes of Moby Dick
1)
Melville's bleak view (negative attitude): the sense of futility and meaninglessness of the world. His attitude to life is “Everlasting Nay” Man in this universe lives a meaningless and futile life, meaningless because futile. Man cannot overcome nature. Once he attempts to seek power over it he is doomed.
1) 2) 3)
美国文学关于Nathaniel Hawthorne的课件
1.4. Themes of Hawthorne’s writing Hawthorne’
1. Explore the relationship between the past and the present 2. Explore the hidden motivations of his characters. 3. Examine the effect of hidden sin and secret guilt 4. Moral or immoral, right or wrong is the question Hawthorne always talks about in his works.
At sunset, Goodman Brown leaves his wife Faith, spends the night in the forest, and at dawn returns a changed man. Within this basic structure, the story further divides into four separate scenes, the first and last of which, that is, the departure from and the return to Salem, are balanced. (to be continued)
2.4. Analysis of the theme
Everyone possesses some evil secret.
2.5. Analysis of t.1. Ambiguity: Whether the events of the night are actual or dreamlike Whether Brown is lost to the devil or saved by Faith
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❖ 2. Hawthorne rounds off the puritan cycle in American writing - belief in the existence of an active evil (the devil) and in a sense of determinism (the concept of predestination).
.
8
❖ 3. Problem of Guilt -a character's sense of guilt forced by the puritanical heritage or by society; also guilt vs. innocence.
❖ 4. Pride - Hawthorne treats pride as evil. He illustrates the following aspects of pride in various characters: physical pride (Robin), spiritual pride (Goodman Brown, Ethan Brand), and intellectual pride (Rappaccini).
.
11
❖ 7. Allegory - Hawthorne's writing is allegorical, didactic and moralistic.
❖ 8. Other themes include individual vs. society, self-fulfillment vs. accommodation or frustration, hypocrisy vs. integrity, love vs. hate, exploitation vs. hurting, and fate vs. free will.
Lecture 6
Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville
.
1
❖ Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 – 1864)
.
2
Nathaniel Hawthorne
❖Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804.
The Blithedale Romance (1852)
The Marble Faun (1860)
Twice-Told Tales (1837, 1851)
Mosses from an Old Manse (1846, 1854)
The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales (1852)
.
3
Boston, MA Setting of The Scarlet Letter
Salem, MA Birthplace of Nathaniel Hawthorne
.
4
Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Scarlet Letter (1850)
The House of the Seven Gables (1851)
The Life of Franklin Pierce (1852)
"Chiefly About War Matters" (1862)
Our Old Home: A Series of English Sketches (1863)
The Whole History of Grandfather's Chair (1840)
❖He is a descendant of a judge in the Salem witch trials.
❖He wrote many stories about the Puritans. ❖Hawthorne wrote during the Romantic Period in
American literature which lasted from 1830 to 1865.
A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1852)
Tanglewood Tales (1853)
.
5
Reasons for Hawthorne's Current
Popularity
❖ 1. One of the most modern of writers, Hawthorne is relevant in theme and attitude. According to H. H. Waggoner, Hawthorne's attitudes use irony, ambiguity, and paradox.
.
9
Major Themes in Hawthorne's Fiction -II
.
10
❖ 5. Puritan New England - used as a background and setting in many tales.
❖ 6. Italian background - especially in The Marble Faun.
.
6
❖ 3. Hawthorne's use of psychological analysis (pre-Freudian) is of interest today.
❖ 4. In themes and style, Hawthorne's writings look ahead to Henry James, William Faulkner, and Robert Penn Warren.
.
7
❖ 1. Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
❖ 2. Initiation - involves the attempts of an alienated character to get rid of hisHale Waihona Puke isolated condition.
.
8
❖ 3. Problem of Guilt -a character's sense of guilt forced by the puritanical heritage or by society; also guilt vs. innocence.
❖ 4. Pride - Hawthorne treats pride as evil. He illustrates the following aspects of pride in various characters: physical pride (Robin), spiritual pride (Goodman Brown, Ethan Brand), and intellectual pride (Rappaccini).
.
11
❖ 7. Allegory - Hawthorne's writing is allegorical, didactic and moralistic.
❖ 8. Other themes include individual vs. society, self-fulfillment vs. accommodation or frustration, hypocrisy vs. integrity, love vs. hate, exploitation vs. hurting, and fate vs. free will.
Lecture 6
Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville
.
1
❖ Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 – 1864)
.
2
Nathaniel Hawthorne
❖Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804.
The Blithedale Romance (1852)
The Marble Faun (1860)
Twice-Told Tales (1837, 1851)
Mosses from an Old Manse (1846, 1854)
The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales (1852)
.
3
Boston, MA Setting of The Scarlet Letter
Salem, MA Birthplace of Nathaniel Hawthorne
.
4
Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Scarlet Letter (1850)
The House of the Seven Gables (1851)
The Life of Franklin Pierce (1852)
"Chiefly About War Matters" (1862)
Our Old Home: A Series of English Sketches (1863)
The Whole History of Grandfather's Chair (1840)
❖He is a descendant of a judge in the Salem witch trials.
❖He wrote many stories about the Puritans. ❖Hawthorne wrote during the Romantic Period in
American literature which lasted from 1830 to 1865.
A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1852)
Tanglewood Tales (1853)
.
5
Reasons for Hawthorne's Current
Popularity
❖ 1. One of the most modern of writers, Hawthorne is relevant in theme and attitude. According to H. H. Waggoner, Hawthorne's attitudes use irony, ambiguity, and paradox.
.
9
Major Themes in Hawthorne's Fiction -II
.
10
❖ 5. Puritan New England - used as a background and setting in many tales.
❖ 6. Italian background - especially in The Marble Faun.
.
6
❖ 3. Hawthorne's use of psychological analysis (pre-Freudian) is of interest today.
❖ 4. In themes and style, Hawthorne's writings look ahead to Henry James, William Faulkner, and Robert Penn Warren.
.
7
❖ 1. Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
❖ 2. Initiation - involves the attempts of an alienated character to get rid of hisHale Waihona Puke isolated condition.