4雅思托福语法之限定词

限定词
认识限定词
1. 限定词和修饰语不同，限定词对中心词或所指或数或量或所属的意义进行限定。

比较：
a desk
*charming desk
2. 限定词源于：冠词、数词、量词、名词属格和部分代词（物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词和关系代词）。

使用限定词
1. 和可数单数、可数复数和不可数均可搭配
定冠词、不定代词some, any, no, other、物主代词、疑问代词、关系代词和名词属格均能与三类名词同行：
可数单数可数复数不可数the book books ink
some
any
no
the other
my
whose
what
Tom’s
2. 只和可数单数名词搭配
不定冠词、基数词one，不定代词another, each, every, either, neither和复合限定词many a 和such a：
可数单数可数复数不可数
a book *books *ink
one
another
each
every
either
neither
many a
such a
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注1：many a VS many
1. many a 只和单数可数名词合作，意义与many 意义相同；
2. 后者更多发生于否定语境，而前者多为肯定：
Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.
Many ships have been wrecked on those rocks.
I don’t have many boy friends.
? I don’t have many a friend.
注2：each VS every
1. each 能指“二或更多”而every 只能指“三或更多”：
She had a child holding on to each hand.
*She had a child holding on to every hand.
You look more beautiful each time I see you.
You look more beautiful every time I see you.
2. each 侧重“单独”、“分别”；every 倾向“整体”、“所有”：
Each person in turn went to see the doctor.
He gave every patient the same medicine.
3. 只和复数名词搭配
不定代词many, several, both, few, a few，其他基数词，指示代词these, those，量词a number of等：
可数单数可数复数不可数
many *book books *ink
several
these
those
both
few
a few
two
a great number of
a great many
注1：both of VS both
1. both of 的情形多见于美语，这时both是代词：
She’s eaten both the chops
She’s eaten both of the chops
Both these oranges are bad.
Both of these oranges are bad.
2. 以下各例中both是副词，句中位于代词和助动词之后：
Mary sends you both her love.
The children have both gone to bed.
My parents both work in education.
4. 只和不可数名词搭配
只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词有little, much, a little, amount of, a bit of, a great deal of 等：
可数单数可数复数不可数
much *book *books ink
little
a little
less
least
a bit of
a little bit of
a great deal of
a large amount of
注1：much VS many
1. much 和many 常见于问句和否定句，但在so, as和too之后例外：
How much money have you got?
He’s got lots of men friends, but he doesn’t know many women.
There was so much traffic that it took me an hour to get home. And there was a lot of bad driving on the road.
You made too many mistakes – a lot of spelling mistakes, for example.
5.和可数单数及复数名词搭配
只有序数词：
可数单数可数复数不可数
the first book books *ink
the next
the last
为避免重复，中心词可省略：
If I cannot catch the first train at least I won’t miss the last.
6.和可数单数及不可数名词搭配
指示代词this和that与可数单数以及不可数名词搭配：
可数单数可数复数不可数
this book *books ink
that
注：以下各例中的this和that分别为代词或强化副词：
Hello. This is Elisabeth. Is that Ruth?
I didn’t realize it was going to be this hot.
If your son is that clever, why isn’t he rich?
7.与可数复数和不可数名词合作
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, more, most, such, other, a quantity of, quantities of 等：
可数单数可数复数不可数
a lot of *book books ink
lots of
plenty of
enough
more
most
such
other
a quantity of
quantities of
注1：other+可数单数
1. other之前有其它限定词时才能与可数单数的中心词完成搭配：
*There is other way of doing this exercise.
Wilson found there was only one other guest besides himself.
Have you any other book on this subject?
Fortunately it was the gentry who sent peasants to be locked up, now it was the other way round.
Don’t write on every line; write on every other line.
He has no other place to go.
注2：a quantity of VS quantities of
1. a quantity of 和quantities of均可限定可数复数和不可数名词，前者通常伴有修饰语：
Quantities of nuts and raisins are used in the cake.
Quantities of food are on the table.
You can see a large quantity of flowers on shown.
The hotel buys a vast quantity of meat every day.
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找茬之改错篇
1. Correct the errors in the following sentences or try to improve them if there are only minor mistakes:
(1) Do you mind if I put any music on?
(2) Let’s have dinner together some time next week.
(3) Com on! We haven’t lots of time.
(4) A few people can say that they always tell the truth.
(5) Few such meat is tainted.
(6) The librarian has catalogued each book in the fiction section.
(7) He has much more problems than he used to.
(8) Both sentences are not correct English.
(9) She has written such a beautiful poetry that it is hard to believe she has never had formal education.
(10) The farmers are hoping that there will be a great many rainfall this year than there was last year
翻译篇
1. 对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

2. 通过从事一切和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

3. 近几十年，虽然人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费的日益飞涨，资金的短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

4. 因此，兼职工作挣来的钱将强有力的支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

5. 通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：兼职工作对于学生们会产生深远的影响，应鼓励学生们从事兼职工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至社会。

6. 现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前压力大，休闲时间越来越少。

许多专家指出这是现代社会发展的必然结果，无法避免。

7. 人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为了我们社会必不可少的一个部分，它们是我们生活更舒适，减少了大量的劳动力。

8. 同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便只使用他们。

9. 成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，从而是他们再就业时常能保持优势。

10. 根据最近一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。