计量经济学-异方差性
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计量经济学——异方差性
5.3解:
(1)构建以家庭消费支出(Y)为被解释变量,家庭人均纯收入(X)为解释变量的线性回归模型:
Y i=β1+β2X i+u i
建立Eviews文件,生成家庭消费支出(Y)、家庭人均纯收入(X)等数据,利用OLS方法估计模型参数,得到的回归结果如下图所示:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 11/05/14 Time: 00:56
Sample: 1 31
Included observations: 31
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 179.1916 221.5775 0.808709 0.4253
X 0.719500 0.045700 15.74411 0.0000
R-squared 0.895260 Mean dependent var 3376.309
Adjusted R-squared 0.891649 S.D. dependent var 1499.612
S.E. of regression 493.6240 Akaike info criterion 15.30377
Sum squared resid 7066274. Schwarz criterion 15.39628
Log likelihood -235.2084 Hannan-Quinn criter. 15.33392
F-statistic 247.8769 Durbin-Watson stat 1.461684
Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
即参数估计与检验的结果为
Y i=179.1916+0.719500X i
(221.5775)(0.045700)
t=(0.808709) (15.74411)
R2=0.895260 F=247.8769 n=31
(2)利用White方法检验异方差,则White检验结果见下表:
Heteroskedasticity Test: White
F-statistic 7.194463 Prob. F(2,28) 0.0030
Obs*R-squared 10.52295 Prob. Chi-Square(2) 0.0052
Scaled explained SS 30.08105 Prob. Chi-Square(2) 0.0000
Test Equation:
Dependent Variable: RESID^2
Method: Least Squares
Date: 11/05/14 Time: 01:11
Sample: 1 31
Included observations: 31
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 69872.27 641389.0 0.108939 0.9140 X -72.02221 248.7240 -0.289567 0.7743 X^2
0.020337
0.020627
0.985972
0.3326
R-squared 0.339450 Mean dependent var 227944.3 Adjusted R-squared 0.292268 S.D. dependent var 592250.3 S.E. of regression 498241.3 Akaike info criterion 29.16732 Sum squared resid 6.95E+12 Schwarz criterion 29.30610 Log likelihood -449.0935 Hannan-Quinn criter. 29.21256 F-statistic 7.194463 Durbin-Watson stat 2.390409 Prob(F-statistic)
0.003011
从检验的结果可以看出,n R 2=10.52295,对于在α=0.05的情况下,可以得到临界值χ0.052
(2)
=5.9915,此时 n R 2=10.52295>χ0.052
(2)=5.9915,所以拒绝原假设,不拒绝备择假设,表明模型存在异方差。
该模型存在异方差的理由是,从数据可以看出,一是截面数据;二是各省市经济发展不平衡,使得一些省市农村居民收入高出其它省市很多,如上海市、北京市、天津市和浙江省等。而有的省就很低,如甘肃省、贵州省、云南省和陕西省等。 (3)用加权最小二乘法修正异方差,取=
==
123211w ,w x x ,经过试算,认为用权数3w 的效果最好。结果如下:
Dependent Variable: Y Method: Least Squares Date: 11/05/14 Time: 01:38 Sample: 1 31
Included observations: 31 Weighting series: W3
Weight type: Inverse standard deviation (EViews default scaling)
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 787.2847 173.6964 4.532534 0.0001 X 0.561472
0.055731 10.07468 0.0000
Weighted Statistics
R-squared 0.777776 Mean dependent var 2743.600 Adjusted R-squared 0.770114 S.D. dependent var 1165.059 S.E. of regression 275.2095 Akaike info criterion 14.13528 Sum squared resid 2196468. Schwarz criterion 14.22780 Log likelihood -217.0969 Hannan-Quinn criter. 14.16544 F-statistic 101.4992 Durbin-Watson stat 2.482750 Prob(F-statistic)
0.000000 Weighted mean dep. 2485.097