不能用分词替换的定语从句

定语从句与分词（短语）作定语的转换
以下几种情况，一般不可以把定语从句转换为分词（短语）
1.虽然关系代词作定语从句的主语，但如果从句的谓语中含有情态动词，则不能转换成分
词{短语)
Those who must finish their work before lunch are working very hard now.
2.虽然关系代词作定语从句的主语，但从句谓语是完成时态主动语态时，则不能转换成分
词{短语)
The flower survived the fire that had burned the market-place.
此句不宜写成：
The flower survived the fire having burned the market-place.
但是，如定语从句的先行词是泛指的，有时候也可用分词的完成体作定语。

Any student who has finished their work can go home now. 可写成;
Any student having finished their work can go home now.
3.当关系代词指的是前面整个主句时，不能将这个非限制性定语从句转换成分词（短语）
4.虽然关系代词作定语从句的主语，且从句谓语动词是主动语态，但如果从句谓语动词所
表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前或之后，则不能转换成分词{短语)
The man who came this morning is our class teacher.
This is the professor who is going to teach us English next term.
I want to talk to the person who broke that cup.
5. being 不能与形容词一起作定语。

如果所指的被动动作正在进行或是与谓语所表示的动
作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式作后置定语。

Anybody who is outside after ten o’clock will be arrested.
不能说;
Anybody being outside after ten o’clock will be arrested.
But :He told us to keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
6.在特指某一事物的名词后面，现在分词短语通常具有进行的意思，若表示“非进行时”
的意思，只能用定语从句。

定语从句不表示进行时就不能转换成分词短语。

The boy who brings the milk has been ill.
不能说;
The boy bringing the milk has been ill.
The woman who looks after my small brother gets paid 50 yuan an hour.
不能说;
The woman looking after my brother gets paid 50 yuan an hour.
当一个名词所指的内容是泛指时，分词短语既可以有进行时的意思，也可以由一般时的意思：（定语从句不论是进行时还是一般时，都可转换成分词短语）
Women looking after small children generally get paid about 50 yuan an hour.
等于;
Women who are looking after small children generally get paid about 50 yuan an hour.
Women who look after small children generally get paid about 50 yuan an hour.。