历年专八翻译真题及答案(1997年)
1997~2011 专八翻译真题及答案
1997年E-C原文:Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province （范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.参考译文：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
最新英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案
1997年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）ofthe rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment （完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.【参考答案】欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
TEM 8汉译英 1997-2017 真题训练及答案 21篇
TEM 8 真题训练21篇1997来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。
我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3 年半中，共有14 位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。
1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
19981997 年2 月24 日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3 点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……1999加拿大的温哥华1986 年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。
以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。
经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000 万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
1998-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文
1998-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文1998年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……参考译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.E-C原文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent —e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. Howmany English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they re ally represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own —and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.参考译文：那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。
英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案
英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案1997年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. Butexpensive things are inevitably the province(范围) of the richunless we abdicate(退位、放弃) society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera andother expensive forms of culture, accessible(易接近的，可达到的) to those who cannot individually pay for it. Thequestion is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives(必要的)of food, shelter, defence,health and education. But even in aprehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse(冲动) towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation(表述、陈述)is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment(完成、成就) in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones(标准、试金石) for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for thepossibilities to which human thought andimagination may aspire(立志、追求目标、渴望); they carry the most profound (深厚的、深刻的)messagesthat can be sent from one human to another.【参考答案】欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈:你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
1997年英语专业八级考试真题及答案（3）
TEXT C
Medical consumerism——like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly——is designed to be unsatisfying. The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness)are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy. Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched andpolitics turn mean. What an ignoramus destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletes, in which disproportionate energies and resources—not least medical ones, like illegal steroids—are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism —the “ abolition” of death — would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen—a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories—but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but with dissolving goals. Hence medicine’s finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas. For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple: to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicines triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities. 24. In the author’s opinion, the prolongation of life is equal to ___. A. mobility B. deprivation C. autonomy D. awareness 25. In the second paragraph a comparison is drawn between ___. A. medicine and life B. resources and energies C. predicaments and solutions D. athletics and longevism
英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案
1997年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.【参考答案】欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
1997—2011年英语专业八级考试翻译真题汇总
2011年专八真题：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。
而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛盾，是，面对重重矛盾，许多时候你别无选择。
匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。
但在现许多时候你别无选择。
匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。
但在现实生活中，人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是―休闲着ǁ还是―忙碌着ǁ。
譬如说，当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期，当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期，却忽然接到老板的电话，却忽然接到老板的电话，却忽然接到老板的电话，告诉我们客户或工作方面告诉我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦——现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容——搞得人一下子兴趣全无。
接下来的休闲只能徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火燎了。
全无。
接下来的休闲只能徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火燎了。
2011年专八真题参考答案：汉译英部分Being hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are ―at easeǁ or ―in a rushǁ.For example, we are enjoying our holidays in the resort while suddenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work--so at at this this this moment moment moment the the the modern, modern, modern, convenient convenient convenient and and and advanced advanced advanced device device device shows shows shows its its its vicious vicious vicious and and gloomy features--and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind. 2011年专八真题英译汉原文When flying over Nepal, it's easy to soar in your imagination and pretend you're tiny-a butterfly - and drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge. Nepal is a small country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12,000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles of the left window. Out the right window, the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond. Three were few roads visible below, most transportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which was fortunate for me, as I had no time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination. I was in a flight to the local airport. 2011年专八真题英译汉参考答案：当飞机飞越尼泊尔的上空，你的想象力很容易开始翱翔，当飞机飞越尼泊尔的上空，你的想象力很容易开始翱翔，你很小，你很小，你很小，就像一只小蝴蝶，飞在一就像一只小蝴蝶，飞在一幅三维的建筑地形图上，那些环绕着每个高脊的梯田就像图中环形的等高线。
专八翻译真题汉译英
专八翻译真题汉译英1997C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。
我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。
1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for oneGerman, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.1998年C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
英语专业1997-2016专八汉译英真题
1997C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。
我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。
1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
1998年C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索.1999C-E原文：加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。
以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。
经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
1997年英语专业八级考试真题及答案（2）
WHY SHOULD anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 year’s time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will bbe published. Its editor, Proessor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068
1997全国高校英语专业八级考试教育部官方译文
1,Night is a dead monotonous period under a roof; but in the open would it passes lightly, with its stars and dews and perfumes, and the hours are marked by changes in the face of Nature. What seems a kind of death to people choked between walls and curtains, is only light and living slumber to the man who sleeps afield. All night long he can hear Nature breathing deeply and freely; even as she take her rest, she turns and smiles; and there is one stirring hour unknown to those who dwell in houses when a wakeful influence goes abroad over the sleeping hemisphere, and all the outdoor world are on their feet. It is then that the cock first crows, not this time to announce the dawn, but like a cheerful watchman speeding the course of night. Cattle awake on the meadows; sheep break their fast on dewy hillsides, and change to a new lair among the ferns; and houseless men, who have lain down with the fowls, open their dim eyes and behold the beauty of the night.简评：这篇小品文的主题是：露宿野外所看到的夜。
【英语专八】98-08年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文
9808英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文1998年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……参考译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.E-C原文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent — e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. Howmany English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they re ally represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own —and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.参考译文：那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。
专业英语八级真题1997年+附答案详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1997)--GRADE EIGHT--PAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )In sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. In the Black Forest, the acid rain is said to attack all EXCEPTA. firs.B. metals.C. leaves.D. soils.2. The percentage of firs dying in the Black Forest isA. 41%.B. 43%.C. 26%.D. 76%.3. Germany is tackling part of the problem by introducingA. new car designing schemes.B. new car production lines.C. a new type of smoke stacks.D. new car safety standards.4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Germany is likely to succeed in persuading her neighbors to reduce acid rain.B. The disastrous effects of acid rain are not confined to one area.C. German tourists are allowed to drive across their neighbors' borders.D. Germany's neighbors are in favor of the use of lead-free petrol.5. On the issue of future solution of acid rain, the speaker's tone is that ofA. warning.B. pessimism.C. indifference.D. optimism.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. What subject is Mr. Pitt good at?A. Art.B. French.C. German.D. Chemistry.7. What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare time?A. Doing a bit of acting and photography.B. Going to concerts frequently.C. Playing traditional jazz and folk music.D. Traveling in Europe by hitch-hiking.8. When asked what a manager's role is, Mr. Pitt soundsA. confident.B. hesitant.C. resolute.D. doubtful.9. What does Mr. Pitt say he would like to be?A. An export salesman working overseas.B. An accountant working in the company.C. A production manager in a branch.D. A policy maker in the company.10. Which of the following statements about the management trainee scheme is TRUE?A. Trainees are required to sign contracts initially.B. Trainees' performance is evaluated when necessary.C. Trainees' starting salary is 870 pounds.D. Trainees cannot quit the management scheme.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Five gunmen were flown to Iran in a helicopter.B. Most of the ransom was retrieved in the end.C. The children were held for five days.D. The authorities have passed sentence on the gunmen.Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.12. According to the news, American troops in PanamaA. were attacked at refugee camps.B. were angry at delays in departure.C. attacked Cuban refugee camps last week.D. will be increased to 2,000.Question 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? U.S. lawmakersA. challenged the accord for freezing Pyongyang's nuclear program.B. required the inspection of Pyongyang's nuclear site for at least five years.C. were worried that North Korea may take advantage of the concessions.D. blamed the U.S. Negotiator for making no compromises with North Korea.Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.14. According to the news, the Italian Parliament was asked to act byA. the U.N.B. the Red Cross.C. the Defense Minister.D. the Swedish Government.15. On the issue of limited use of land mines, the Italian Parliament isA. noncommittal.B. resolute.C. unsupportive.D. wavering.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.In business, many places adopt a credit system, which dates back to ancient times. At present, purchases can be made by using credit cards. They fall into two categories: one has (1) use, while the other is accepted almost everywhere. The application for the use of the latter one must be made at a (2)Once the customer starts using the card, he will be provided with a monthly statement of (3) by the credit company. He is required to pay one quarter to half of his credit (4) every month.ADV ANTAGES. 1. With a card, it is not (5) to save up money before an actual purchase. 2. If the card is lost, its owner is protected. 3. A (6) and complete list of purchase received from the credit company helps the owner to remember the time and (7) of his purchase. 4. The cards are accepted in a(n) (8) by professional people like dentists, etc.MAJOR DISADV ANTAGE. The card owner is tempted to (9) his money. If this is the case, it will become increasingly difficult for the user to keep up with the required (10) , which will result in the credit card being cancelled by the credit company.PART ⅡPROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN. )Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET as instructed.Classic Intention MovementIn social situations, the classic Intention Movement is"the chair-grasp". Host and guest have been talkingfor some time, but now the host has an appointmentto keep and can get away. His urge to go is (1) ________held in check by his desire not be rude to his guest. (2) ________If he did not care of his guest's feelings he would (3) ________simply get up out of his chair and to announce his (4) ________ departure. This is what his body wants to do, therefore (5) ________his politeness glues his body to the chair and refusesto let him raise. It is at this point that he (6) ________ performs the chair-grasp Intention Movement. He continuesto talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forwardand grasps the arms of the chair as about to push (7) ________himself upwards. This is the first act he wouldmake if he were rising. If he were not hesitating, (8) ________it would only last a fraction of the second. He would (9) ________lean, push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lastsmuch longer. He holds his "readiness-to-rise" post and (10) ________ keeps on holding it. It is as if his body had frozenat the get-ready moment.PART ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN. )In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple- choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions.TEXT A1 A magazine's design is more than decoration, more than simple packaging. It expresses the magazine's very character. The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions - literary and journalistic - can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue - the work of our art director, Judy Garlan - represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment.2 Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design:"I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching the elegance and power of the writing which the magazine is known for. The overall design has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects - urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces, lifestyle-oriented pieces, short stories, poetry. We don't want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and we don't want heavier pieces to seem too pretty. We also use a broad range of art and photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel, needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic world. "3 The primary typefaces Garlan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni, for a more stylish and flexible display type (article titles, large initials, and so on). Other aspects of the new design are structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one another, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As noted in this space last month, the word "Monthly" rejoins "The Atlantic" on the cover, aftera decade-long absence.4 Judy Garlan came to the Atlantic in 1981 after having served as the art director of several other magazines. During her tenure here The Atlantic has won more than 300 awards for visual excellence, from the society ofillustrators, the American Institute of Graphic Arts, the Art Directors Club, Communication Arts, and elsewhere. Garlan was in various ways assisted in the redesign by the entire art-department staff. Robin Gilmore, Betsy Urrico, Gillian Kahn, and Lisa Manning.5 The artist Nicholas Gaetano contributed as well. he redrew our colophon (the figure of Neptune that appears on the contents page) and created the symbols that will appear regularly on this page (a rendition of our building), on the Puzzler page, above the opening of letters, and on the masthead. Gaetano, whose work manages to combine stylish clarity and breezy strength, is the cover artist of this issue.16. Part of the new design is to be concerned with the following EXCEPTA. variation in the typefaces.B. reorganization of articles in the front.C. creation of the travel column.D. reinstatement of its former name.17. According to the passage, the new design work involvesA. other artists as well.B. other writers as well.C. only the cover artist.D. only the art director.18. This article aims toA. emphasize the importance of a magazine's design.B. introduce the magazine's art director.C. persuade the reader to subscribe to the magazine.D. inform the reader of its new design and features.TEXT B1 WHY SHOULD anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years' time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13, 000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.2 When Dr Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100, 000 suggestions. (Well, she had written to "other quality newspapers" too. ) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn't file copy on time; some who did sent too much. 50, 000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr Nicholls.3 There remains the dinner-party game of who's in, who's out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted. Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie (entry in Missing Persons) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America).4 It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.5 Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: "Whether or not Hugo was a wall- painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility." Then there had to be more women, too (12 per cent, against theoriginal DBN's 3), such as Roy Strong's subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks. "Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory." Doesn't seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, "except for the entry in the List of contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke."19. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volumeA. because it is not worth the price.B. because it has fewer entries than before.C. unless one has all the volumes in his collection.D. unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly.20. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest thatA. the editors had clear rules to follow.B. there were too many criminals in the entries.C. the editors clearly favored benefactors.D. the editors were irrational in their choices.21. Crippen was absent from the DNBA. because he escaped to the U.S..B. because death sentence had been abolished.C. for reasons not clarified.D. because of the editors' mistake.22. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph toA. illustrate some features of the DNB. B. give emphasis to his argument.C. impress the reader with its content.D. highlight the people in the Middle Ages.23. Throughout the passage, the writer's tone towards the DNB wasA. complimentary.B. supportive.C. sarcastic.D. bitter.TEXT C1 Medical consumerism —like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly —is designed to be unsatisfying. The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy. Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over- stretched and politics turn mean.2 What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meagre increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources — not least medical ones, like illegal steroids —are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism — the "abolition" of death — would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen — a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories — but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but with dissolving goals.3 Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas. For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple, to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meagre success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicine's triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.24. In the author's opinion, the prolongation of life is equal toA. mobility.B. deprivation.C. autonomy.D. awareness.25. In the second paragraph a comparison is drawn betweenA. medicine and life.B. resources and energies.C. predicaments and solutions.D. athletics and longevism.TEXT D1 The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-day's flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example.2 Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.3 Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro asa dream destination for foreigners.4 More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chile's tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $ 950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile.5 Chile's great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services.6 But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hour's drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the region's rivers.7 However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts and pistes as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks.8 Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chile's two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost nonexistent.9 Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chile's Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets.10 But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental group, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resort.11 The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allowtourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiago's territorial claim over part of Antarctica.12 The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas. But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the country's tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chile's natural riches.26. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism byA. geographical location.B. guerrilla warfare.C. political instability.D. street crime.27. Many of Chile's tourists used to come from EXCEPTA. U.S.A..B. the Far East.C. western Europe.D. her neighbors.28. According to the author, Chile's greatest attraction isA. the unspoilt beaches.B. the dry and hot desert.C. the famous mountain range.D. the high standard of services.29. According to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already under way?A. Facilities in the ski resorts.B. Domestic transport system.C. Air services to Asia.D. Road network in the south.30. The objection to the development of Chile's tourism might be all EXCEPT that itA. is ambitious and unrealistic.B. is politically sensitive.C. will bring harm to culture.D. will cause pollution in the area.SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING (10 MIN. )In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then answer the questions.TEXT EFirst read the question.31. The main purpose of the passage is toA. illustrate the features of willpower.B. introduce ways to build up willpower.C. explain the advantages of willpower.D. define the essence of willpower.Read the text quickly and then answer question 31.Willpower isn't some immutable trait we're either born with or not. It is a skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals."Fundamental among man's inner powers is the tremendous unrealized potency of man's own will," wrote Italian psychologist Roberto Assagioli 25 years ago. "The trained will is a masterful weapon," added Alan Marlatt of the University of Washington, a psychologist who is studying how willpower helps people break habits and change their lives. "The dictionary defines willpower as control of one's impulses and actions. The key words are power and control. The power is there, but you have to control it." Here, from Marlatt and other experts, is how to do that:Be positive. Don't confuse willpower with self-denial. Willpower is most dynamic when applied to positive, uplifting purposes.Positive willpower helps us overcome inertia and focus on the future. When the going gets tough, visualize yourself happily and busily engaged in your goal, and you'll keep working toward it.Make up your mind. James Prochaska, professor of psychology at the Uninversity of Rhode Island, has identified four stages in making a change. He calls them precontemplation (resisting the change), contemplation (weighing the pros and cons of the change), action (exercising willpower to make the change), and maintenance (using willpower to sustain the change).Some people are "chronic contemplators". Prochaska says. They know they should reduce their drinking but will have one more cocktail while they consider the matter. They may never put contemplation into action.To focus and mobilize your efforts, set a deadline.Sharpen your will. In 1915, psychologist Boyd Barrett suggested a list of repetitive will- training activities — stepping up and down from a chair 30 times, spilling a box of matches and carefully replacing them one by one. These exercises, he maintained, strengthen the will so it can confront more consequential and difficult challenges.New Jersey Sen. Bill Bradley was a basketball star with the champion New York Knicks. On top of regular practice, he always went to the gym early and practised foul shots alone. He was determined to be among the best form of the foul line. True to his goal, he developed the highest percentage of successful free throws on his team.Expect trouble. The saying "Where there's a will, there's a way" is not the whole truth. Given the will, you still have to anticipate obstacles and plan how to deal with them.When professor of psychology Saul Shiffman of the University of Pittsburgh worked with reformed smokers who's gone back to cigarettes, he found that many of them hadn't considered how they'd cope with the urge to smoke. They had summoned the strength to quit, but couldn't remain disciplined. The first time they were offered a cigarette, they went back to smoking.If you've given up alcohol, rehearse your answer for when you're offered a drink. If you're expecting to jog but wake up to a storm, have an indoor workout program ready.Be realistic. The strongest will may falter when the goal is to lose 50 pounds in three months or to exercise three hours a day. Add failure undercuts your desire to try again.Sometimes it's best to set a series of small goals instead of a single big one. As in the Alcoholics Anonymous slogan "One day at a time", divide your objective into one-day segments, then renew your resolve the next day. At the end of a week, you'll have a seriesof triumphs to look back on.Be patient. A strong will doesn't develop overnight. It takes shape in increments, and there can be setbacks. Figure out what caused you to backslide, and redouble your efforts.When a friend of ours tried to give up cigarettes the first time, she failed. Analyzing her relapse, she realized she needed to do something with her hands. On her second try, she took up knitting and brought out needles and yarn every time she was tempted to light up. Within months she had knitted a sweater for her husband — and seemed to be off cigarettes for good.Keep it up. A strong will becomes stronger each time it succeeds. If you've successfully mustered the willpower to kick a bad habit or leave a dead-end job, you gain confidence to confront other challenges.A record of success fosters an inner voice of confidence that, in the words of Assagioli, gives you "a firm foot on the edge of the precipice". You may face more difficult tasks, but you've conquered before, and you can conquer again.TEXT FFirst read the question.32. The message of the passage is that shares can now be soldA. through the computer.B. in the shop.C. at the bank.D. through the mail.Read the text quickly and then answer question 32.Investors seeking a cheap, no-frills way to sell privatisation shares need look no further than the postbox.Most stockbrokers offer bargain-basement deals on postal trades. They are ideal for selling a small holding for the lowest possible commission.But the arrangements leave investors at the mercy of the Royal Mail and a seller will not know in advance how much a sale will produce.。
1997年专八真题
TEM-8 (1997)QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (98)- GRADE EIGHT -PAPER ONETIME LIMIT: 95 MIN.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [40 MIN.]Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the talk.1. In the Black Forest, the acid rain is said to attack all EXCEPT ____.A. firs.B. metals.C. leaves.D. soil.2. The percentage of firs dying in the Black Forest is ____.A. 41%.B. 43%.C. 26%.D. 76%.3. Germany is tackling part of the problem by introducing ____.A. new car designing schemes.B. new car production lines.C. a new type of smoke stacks.D. new car safety standards.4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Germany is likely to succeed in persuading her neighbors to reduce acid rain.B. The disastrous effects of acid rain are not confined to one area.C. German tourists are allowed to drive across their neighbors' borders.D. Germany's neighbors are in favor of the use of lead-free petrol.5. On the issue of future solution of acid rain, the speaker's tone is that of ____.A. warning.B. pessimism.C. indifference.D. optimism.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questionsNow listen to the interview.6. What subject is Mr. Pitt good at?A. Art.B. French.C. German.D. Chemistry.7. What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare time?A. Doing a bit of acting and photography.B. Going to concerts frequently.C. Playing traditional jazz and folk music.D. Traveling in Europe by hitch-hiking.8. When asked what a manager's role is, Mr. Pitt sounds ____.A. confident.B. hesitant.C. resolute.D. doubtful.9. What does Mr. Pitt say he would like to be?A. An export salesman working overseas.B. An accountant working in the company.C. A production manager in a branch.D. A policy maker in the company.10. Which of the following statements about the management trainee scheme is TRUE?A. Trainees are required to sign contracts initially.B. Trainees' performance is evaluated when necessary.C. Trainees' starting salary is 870 pounds.D. Trainees cannot quit the management scheme.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.11. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Five gunmen were flown to Iran in a helicopter.B. Most of the ransom was retrieved in the end.C. The children were held for five days.D. The authorities have passed sentence on the gunmen.Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.12. According to the news, American troops in Panama ____.A. were attacked at refugee camps.B. were angry at delays in departure.C. attacked Cuban refugee camps last week.D. will be increased to 2,000.Question 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.13. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? U.S. lawmakers ____.A. challenged the accord for freezing Pyongyang's nuclear programme.B. required the inspection of Pyongyang's nuclear site for at least five years.C. were worried that North Korea may take advantage of the concessions.D. blamed the U.S. negotiator for making no compromises with North Korea.Questions 14 & 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.14. According to the news, the Italian Parliament was asked to act by ____.A. the U.N.B. the Red Cross.C. the Defense Minister.D. the Swedish Government.15. On the issue of limited use of land mines, the Italian Parliament is ____.A. noncommittal.B. resolute.C. unsupportive.D. wavering.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAP-FILLINGDirections: In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.ANSWER SHEET ONEFill in each of the gaps with ONE suitable word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.In business, many places adopt a credit system, which dates back to ancient times. At present, purchases can be made by using credit cards. They fall into two categories:one has use, while the other is accepted almost everywhere. TheOnce the customer starts using the card, he will be provided with a monthly statementby the credit company. He is required to pay one quarter to half of hisevery month.to save up money before an actualand complete list of purchase received from the credit company helps the owner to remember thetime and (22)of his purchase. 4. The cards are accepted in a(n)his money. If this is the case, it will become increasingly difficult for the user to keep up with the requiredPART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.) Directions: The following passage contains ten errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit,(1) anit (never/) buys things in finished form and hangs(2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it.(3)exhibitClassic Intention MovementIn social situations, the classic Intention Movement is "the chair-grasp". Host and guest have been talkingfor some time, but now the host has an appointmentto keep and can get away. His urge to go isheld in check by his desire not be rude to his guest.If he did not care of his guest's feelings he wouldsimply get up out of his chair and to announce hisdeparture. This is what his body wants to do, thereforehis politeness glues his body to the chair and refusesto let him raise. It is at this point that heperforms the chair-grasp Intention Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans forwardand grasps the arms of the chair as about to pushhimself upwards. This is the first act he wouldmake if he were rising. If he were not hesitating,it would only last a fraction of the second. He wouldlean, push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lastsmuch longer. He holds his "readiness-to-rise" post andkeeps on holding it. It is as if his body had frozenat the get-ready moment.PART III READING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN.)SECTION A: READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT AA magazine's design is more than decoration, more than simple packaging. It expresses the magazine's very character. The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions -- literary and journalistic -- can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue -- the work of our art director, Judy Garlan -- represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment.Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design: "I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching the elegance and power of the writing which the magazine is known for." The overall design has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects -- urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces, lifestyle-oriented pieces, short stories, poetry. We don't want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and we don't want heavier pieces to seem too pretty. We also use a broad range of art and photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel, needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic world.The primary typefaces Garlan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni, for a more stylish and flexible display type (article titles, large initials, and so on). Other aspects of the new design are structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one another, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The Travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As noted in this space last month, the word "Monthly" rejoins "The Atlantic" on the cover, after a decade-long absence.Judy Garlan came to the Atlantic in 1981 after having served as the art director of several other magazines. During her tenure here The Atlantic has won more than 300 awards for visual excellence, from the Society of illustrators, the American Institute of Graphic Arts, the Art Directors Club, Communication Arts, and elsewhere. Garlan was in various ways assisted in the redesign by the entire art-department staff: Robin Gilmore, Barnes, Betsy Urrico, Gillian Kahn, and Lisa Manning.The artist Nicholas Gaetano contributed as well: he redrew our colophon (the figure of Neptune that appears on the contents page) and created the symbols that will appear regularly on this page (a rendition of our building), on the Puzzler page, above the opening of letters, and on the masthead. Gaetano, whose work manages tocombine stylish clarity and breezy strength, is the cover artist for this issue.36. Part of the new design is to be concerned with the following EXCEPT ____.A. variation in the typefaces.B. reorganization of articles in the front.C. creation of the travel column.D. reinstatement of its former name.37. According to the passage, the new design work involves ____.A. other artists as well.B. other writers as well.C. only the cover artist.D. only the art director.38. This article aims to ____.A. emphasize the importance of a magazine's design.B. introduce the magazine's art director.C. persuade the reader to subscribe to the magazine.D. inform the reader of its new design and features.TEXT BWHY SHOULD anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary of National Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree. But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 years' time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will be published. Its editor, Professor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade.When Dr Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. (Well, she had written to "other quality newspapers" too.) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn't file copy on time; somewho did sent too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr Nicholls.There remains the dinner-party game of who's in, who's out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr.. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Christies entry in Missing Persons) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America).It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: "Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility". Then there had to be more women, too (12 per cent, against the original DBN 's 3), such as Roy Strong's subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: "Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory". Doesn't seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, "except for the entry in the List of Contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke".39. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ____.A. because it is not worth the price.B. because it has fewer entries than before.C. unless one has all the volumes in his collection.D. unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly.40. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ____.A. the editors had clear rules to follow.B. there were too many criminals in the entries.C. the editors clearly favored benefactors.D. the editors were irrational in their choices.41. Crippen was absent from the DNB ____.A. because he escaped to the U.S.B. because death sentence had been abolished.C. for reasons not clarified.D. because of the editors' mistake.42. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ____.A. illustrate some features of the DNB.B. give emphasis to his argument.C. impress the reader with its content.D. highlight the people in the Middle Ages.43. Throughout the passage, the writer's tone towards the DNB was ____.A. complimentary.B. supportive.C. sarcastic.D. bitter.TEXT CMedical consumerism -- like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly -- is designed to be unsatisfying. The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy. Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean.What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources -- not least medical ones, like illegal steroids -- are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism -- the "abolition" of death -- would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen -- a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories -- but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but with dissolving goals.Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas. For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple: to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicine's triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.44. In the author's opinion, the prolongation of life is equal to ____.A. mobility.B. deprivation.C. autonomy.D. awareness.45. In the second paragraph a comparison is drawn between ____.A. medicine and life.B. resources and energies.C. predicaments and solutions.D. athletics and longevism.TEXT DThe biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-day's flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example.Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt aheavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners.More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chile's tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US'950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a world-wide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile.Chile's great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services.But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hour's drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the region's rivers.However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks.Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chile's two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost non-existent.Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chile's Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets.But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts.The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision toallow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiago's territorial claim over part of Antarctica.The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas. But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the country's tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chile's natural riches.46. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by ____.A. geographical location.B. guerrilla warfare.C. political instability.D. street crime.47. Many of Chile's tourists used to come from EXCEPT ____.A. U.S.A.B. the Far East.C. western Europe.D. her neighbors.48. According to the author, Chile's greatest attraction is ____.A. the unspoilt beaches.B. the dry and hot desert.C. the famous mountain range.D. the high standard of services.49. According to the passage, in which area improvement is already under way?A. Facilities in the ski resorts.B. Domestic transport system.C. Air services to Asia.D. Road network in the south.50. The objection to the development of Chile's tourism might be all EXCEPT that it ____.A. is ambitious and unrealistic.B. is politically sensitive.C. will bring harm to culture.D. will cause pollution in the area.SECTION B SKIMMING & SCANNING [10min.]Directions: In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT EFirst read the question.51. The main purpose of the passage is to ____.A. illustrate the features of willpower.B. introduce ways to build up willpower.C. explain the advantages of willpower.D. define the essence of willpower.Read the text quickly and then answer the question.Willpower isn't some immutable trait we're either born with or not. It is a skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals."Fundamental among man's inner powers is the tremendous unrealized potency of man's own will," wrote Italian psychologist Roberto Assagioli 25 years ago. "The trained will is a masterful weapon," added Alan Marlatt of the University of Washington, a psychologist who is studying how willpower helps people break habits and change their lives. "The dictionary defines willpower as control of one's impulses and actions. The key words are power and control. The power is there, but you have to control it." Here, from Marlatt and other experts, is how to do that:Be positive. Don't confuse willpower with self-denial. Willpower is most dynamic when applied to positive, uplifting purposes.Positive willpower helps us overcome inertia and focus on the future. When the going gets tough, visualize yourself happily and busily engaged in your goal, and you'll keep working toward it.Make up your mind. James Prochaska, professor of psychology at the University ofRhode Island, has identified four stages in making a change. He calls them precontemplation (resisting the change), contemplation (weighing the pros and cons of the change), action (exercising willpower to make the change), and maintenance (using willpower to sustain the change).Some people are "chronic contemplators," Prochaska says. They know they should reduce their drinking but will have one more cocktail while they consider the matter. They may never put contemplation into action.To focus and mobilize your efforts, set a deadline.Sharpen your will. In 1915, psychologist Boyd Barrett suggested a list of repetitive will-training activities -- stepping up and down from a chair 30 times, spilling a box of matches and carefully replacing them one by one. These exercises, he maintained, strengthen the will so it can confront more consequential and difficult challenges.New Jersey Sen. Bill Bradley was a basketball star with the champion New York Knicks. On top of regular practice, he always went to the gym early and practised foul shots alone. He was determined to be among the best form of the foul line. True to his goal, he developed the highest percentage of successful free throws on his team.Expect trouble. The saying "Where there's a will, there's a way" is not the whole truth. Given the will, you still have to anticipate obstacles and plan how to deal with them. When professor of psychology Saul Shiffman of the University of Pittsburgh worked with reformed smokers who's gone back to cigarettes, he found that many of them hadn't considered how they'd cope with the urge to smoke. They had summoned the strength to quit, but couldn't remain disciplined. The first time they were offered a cigarette, they went back to smoking.If you've given up alcohol, rehearse your answer for when you're offered a drink. If you're expecting to jog but wake up to a storm, have an indoor workout program ready. Be realistic. The strongest will may falter when the goal is to lose 50 pounds in three months or to exercise three hours a day. Add failure undercuts your desire to try again.Sometimes it's best to set a series of small goals instead of a single big one. As in the Alcoholics Anonymous slogan "One day at a time," divide your objective into one-day segments, then renew your resolve the next day. At the end of a week, you'll have a series of triumphs to look back on.Be patient. A strong will doesn't develop overnight. It takes shape in increments, and there can be setbacks. Figure out what caused you to backslide, and redouble your efforts.。
1997-2010年英语专八翻译真题及答案
1997年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
1997年英语专业八级考试真题及答案(9)
1997年英语专业八级考试真题及答案(9)TEXT D短文大意：本文介绍了智利在发展旅游业方面所面临的问题。
26.答案：A【参考译文】什么是影响智利旅游业提高的不利因素？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第一段首句说“The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth.”，此话告诉我们，智利在旅游业开发方面遇到的障碍是它位于地球末端。
由此可知，地理位置是智利旅游业发展的不利因素。
故选项A(地理位置)为正确答案。
27.答案：B【参考译文】智利过去好多游客不是来自下列哪一地方？【试题分析】本题为细节推理题。
【详细解答】短文第二段第二句说“But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories，in particular the FarEast．”这里是说，现在智利不仅在老市场，如美国和西欧，吸引更多游客，而且在新地区，特别是远东地区也成功地吸引一批游客。
由此可知，智利过去游客来自美国与西欧，而远东是新开辟的市场。
因此选项B(远东地区)为正确答案。
28.答案：C【参考译文】根据作者的观点，什么是智利最吸引人的地方？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第五段通过具体例子说明了它的许多吸引处，但第六段提出：“But the trump card is the Andes mountain range．”这与选项C的意思一致，故答案选C。
29.答案：B【参考译文】根据该短文，智利正在哪一方面进行改进？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
1997年英语专业八级考试真题及答案(2)
1997年英语专业八级考试真题及答案(2)Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT AA magazine’s design is more than decoration, more than simple packaging. It expresses the magazine’s very character. The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions—literaryand journalistic—can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue—the work of our art director, Judy Garlan—represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment.Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design: “I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching theelegance and power of the writing which the magazine is known for.The overalldesign has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects—urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces, lifestyle-oriented pieces, short stories, poetry. We don’t want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and wedon’t want heavier pieces to seem too petty. We also use a broad range of artand photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel, needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic World.The primary typefaces Garlan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni, for a more stylish and flexible displaytype(article titles, large initials, and so on). Other aspects of the new designare structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one another, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The Travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As notedin this space last month, the word “Monthly” rejoins “The Atlantic”on the cover, after a decade long absence.Judy Garlan came to the Atlantic in 1981 after having served as the art director of several other magazines. During her tenure here The Atlantic has won more than 300 awards for visual excellence, from the Society of illustrators, the American Institute of Graphic Arts, the Art Directors Club, Communication Arts, and elsewhere. Garlan was in various ways assisted in the redesign by the entire art-department staff: Robin Gilmore, Barnes, Betsy Urrico, Gillian Kahn, and Is a Manning.The artist Nicholas Gaetano contributed as well: he redrew our colophon (the figure of Neptune that appears on the contents page)and created the symbols that will appear regularly on this page(a rendition of our building) ,on the Puzzler page, above the opening of letters, and on the masthead. Gaetano, whose work manages to combine stylish clarity and breezy strength, is the cover artist for this issue.16. Part of the new design is to be concerned with the following EXCEPT ___.A. variation in the typefacesB. reorganization of articles in the frontC. creation of the travel columnD. reinstatement of its former name17. According to the passage, the new design work involves ___.A. other artists as wellB. other writers as wellC. only the cover artistD. only the art director18. This article aims to ___.A. emphasize the importance of a magazine’s designB. introduce the magazine’s art directorC. persuade the reader to subscribe to the magazineD. inform the reader of its new design and featuresTEXT BWHY SHOULD anyone buy the latest volume in the ever-expanding Dictionary ofNational Biography? I do not mean that it is bad, as the reviewers will agree.But it will cost you 65 pounds. And have you got the rest of volumes? You need the basic 22 plus the largely decennial supplements to bring the total to 31. Of course, it will be answered, public and academic libraries will want the new volume. After all, it adds 1,068 lives of people who escaped the net of the original compilers. Yet in 10 year’s time a revised version of the whole caboodle, called the New Dictionary of National Biography, will bbe published. Its editor, Proessor Colin Matthew, tells me that he will have room for about 50,000 lives, some 13,000 more than in the current DNB. This rather puts the 1,068 inMissing Persons in the shade.When Dr. Nicholls wrote to The Spectator in 1989 asking for name of peoplewhom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. (Well, she had written to ’ot her quality newspapers’too. )As soon as her committee had whittled the numbersdown, the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didn’t file copy on time; some who did sent too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr. Nicholls.There remains the dinner-party game of who’s in, who’s out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr. John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Christies entry in Missing Persons ) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy(he had tried to escape by ship to America).It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not verymemorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known.Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments: ‘Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility’. Then there had to be more women, too( 12 percent, against the original DBN’s 3), such as Roy Strong’s subject, the Tudor painterLevina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: ‘Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory’. Doesn’t seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed(such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, ‘except for the entry in the List of Contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke’.19. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ___.A. because it is not worth the priceB. because it has fewer entries than beforeC. unless one has all the volumes in the collectionD. unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly20. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ___.A. the editors had clear roles to followB. there were too many criminals in the entriesC. the editors clearly favoured benefactorsD. the editors were irrational in their choices21. Crippen was absent from the DNB ___.A. because he escaped to the U.S.B. because death sentence had been abolishedC. for reasons not clarifiedD. because of the editors’mistake22. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ___.A. illustrate some features of the DNBB. give emphasis to his argumentC. impress the reader with its contentD. highlight the people in the Middle Ages23. Throughout the passage, the writer’s tone towards the DNB was ___.A. complimentaryB. supportiveC. sarcasticD. bitter。
1997-2010 英语专业八级翻译部分真题解析
1997—2010年英语专业8级统考题中英译汉试题评析【1997年8级测试英译汉】Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable.1 But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. 2 We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. 3 The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education.4But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. 5 The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. 6In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones7 for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.8【概述】这是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。
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1997年:English to Chinese
Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.
欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。
我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。
然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。
没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。
但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，为了搏杀，而且还有一个目的，那就是动手作画。
人们对文化的冲动，即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望，才是最根本的。
在欧洲，人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作，实现了这一愿望。
这些杰作是衡量人类努力程度的试金石，是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准，它们有着最深厚的寓意，并在人们彼此之间传播。
1998年: I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent — e.
g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert（断言、声称）that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step（同步）. At any given moment（在任何时候）the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification（限制、限定、资格）to precede（领先、超前）the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree（唯一只是在程度上）, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence（分歧、差异）is a subtle （微妙的）affair, liable（有可能的）to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses （重要的感觉）grew
out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship(亲缘关系) yields to a sudden alienation（疏远关系）, as when we hail（打招呼）a person across the street, only to discover from his blank（没有表情的）response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.
因此，我们在说“美国”文学，并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。
一般来说，美国和欧洲一直在同步发展。
无论何时，旅游者在两地都能看到同一式的建筑，见到同一款式的服饰，读到摆在书架上的同一风格的书籍。
在大洋两岸，人们的思想观念，就容易同人员与货物一样，可以自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓。
谈到美国人的习惯、美国人的思维等概念时，我想在“美国式的”这几个词前面再加上某种修饰，因为欧美之间（尤其是英美之间）的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，而且在有的时候，是极低程度上的差异而已。
差异的程度微乎其微，很可能会使审视美国的英国人感到迷惑不解。
重要的是，英国人所审视的这个国家诞生于英国，并在不少方面仍与英国相差无几---然而，实实在在是个异邦。
两地有着莫名的共同之处，以及令人深感突兀的陌生感。
原先的亲戚已形同陌路，就仿佛隔着马路招呼，等看到对方一脸茫然时，我们才意识到认错人。