园林、景观专业毕业外文翻译

外文翻译颠覆了复杂规范的东汉普顿景观——保护罕见的自然原始景观。

夏季的时候,在纽约州长岛南岸的东汉普敦,世界各国的社交名人聚集在此，享受着奢侈生活的乐趣。

这各小镇上只有一条主要街道,但在7月和8月份的时候，繁华地区就会充满了著名人物以及有影响力的人。

在此期间，餐馆预定达到了高峰，高档奢侈品专卖店从清晨营业至到深夜,时髦的夫妇参加各种奢华的慈善活动，而且各色各样诱人的晚会吸引着不同发的名人。

虽然东汉普顿以其奢侈和浮华闻名于世,但不为人知的是它与众不同的,罕见的,异常美丽的自然风景，它拥有一片无比辽阔的天空,有着深蓝色的水面，以及绵延海滨数百英里的沙丘微地形。

这些沙丘有着古董象牙的色调，就是那种有着烟雾缭绕感觉的米色,在美丽的月光下会散发出动人的光芒。

这个穿过了东汉普顿的村庄和哈得逊的两点五英里的大西洋海滩组成了美国地质上最不寻常的生态敏感地区之一。

3000多年前,在大西洋的自然潮汐作用下，形成了一个复合沙丘和湿地系统特性的，性质介于这两者之间的特殊地貌。

在这个环境中栖息着东方蟾蜍,红狐狸,鹿,海龟,和老鼠，以及以这些物种为食的重要迁徙动物——老鹰。

复合沙丘也是各种原生植物，甚至是兰花的繁衍生息的场所。

四十年前,镇上的官员和来自大自然保护协会的专家说服超过20个以上的海滨房屋的拥有者放弃在自然保护区范围内的房产以换取税收减免。

这些被捐赠的土地就是后来广为人知的大西洋复合沙丘保护区。

纽约市的景观设计师埃德蒙·霍兰德在东汉普顿的项目上工作了很多年。

当一个老客户委托他观察一个位于复合沙丘保护区内的具有特殊属性的连续的沙丘时，他非常清楚地知道这片地域的敏感性。

这个客户述求于将住宅户外的前后外环境加以现代化处理，以使住宅可以最大化的欣赏到滨海风景。

霍兰德从小生长在纽约，他非常喜欢户外活动和自然风景。

在获得宾夕法尼亚大学景观建筑学位之前，他在位于纽约米尔的纽约植物园和卡里生态系统研究所学习了园艺的相关知识。

而在宾夕法尼亚大学，霍兰德和伊恩养成了一段非常亲密的关系。

伊恩是一位具有远见的部门创始人，而且直到毕业以后，他们还一起工作室进行授课。

回到纽约后不久，霍兰德得到了一份工作，是在位于韦斯特韦的克拉克公司担任项目经理，这个项目的目的在于整理这个城市破败不堪的西部高速公路用地，并在其上重塑城市景观。

霍兰德说：“这对于一个韦斯特韦城里的孩子来说基本上就是梦想成真。

”但是经过多年的努力和很多次艰难的争论，项目还是被取消了，因此霍兰德选择离开公司，并且与一位名叫玛丽安娜·康奈利的设计师同事共同经商。

这之后景观设计师埃德蒙·霍兰德利用电脑设计并且完成了遍布全世界的住宅项目，但是最近霍兰德作品主要是在美国的东北地区。

在东汉普顿四英亩的地域上，位于大西洋后大约500英尺的位置上有一幢七十年代的，具有现代风格的住宅。

其外环境是一片沿海的由唐棣以及古老的樱桃树加上一些东方红雪松和落叶木兰组成的森林。

在住宅的后面,生长着数量众多而种类复杂的侵入性植物，包括俄罗斯橄榄，蜀羊泉，葡萄和野蔷薇，它们将复合沙丘和海洋的美丽景色完全的阻挡了。

虽然霍兰德认为这一片地域是无与伦比的，但首先他必须和其他的志愿者一起查明到底是什么原因导致了这种复杂的交织的情况，然后在四个月之内决定出他所能做的是什么，到那个时候他的客户和未婚妻就要计划在那里结婚了。

在住宅的后方，有一个靠近别墅建筑的游泳池,但这并没有多少设计的特点。

客户非常需要一片露台，这样不论春夏秋冬，他们都可以在那里进行户外活动，虽然夏季气候会因为强烈的阳光、海水和风力变得比较恶劣。

他们要求厨房附近要有一个用餐区，游泳池旁也要有一片可供招待家人和朋友的场地，在这里他们可以坐下来休息放松同时欣赏美丽的景色。

他们还希望住宅前有一个停车场可以供客人泊车，其它还要求有一个网球场，最后还需要一条可以通往海滩的道路。

霍兰德说他的设计主要由三大因素决定:资金、建筑和客户的要求。

“这就是一个三方的关系，它需要将这三个组件之间的敏感性进行平衡。

”他说，“我们总是先从地域下手考虑，然后考察建筑的形式，最后融合客户提出的要求。

有一件事需要经过多年的学习，即我们不是在为我们自己设计，有的时候我们需要对客户进行引导和细致的劝说，尽可能的找到一个最好的解决方案。

”有一个挑战是简单地清除入侵植物并且清理出从户内到户外空间场地。

尽管霍兰德非常熟悉东汉普顿的房地产行业，但他从来没有见过这片特殊地域上的树木。

一个生长着古老唐棣的人间仙境,这些树木在海盐和风力的影响下，有着粗糙的饱经风霜的树干，它们大多已经生长了50年了，有的也许已经75年。

“这里是如此神奇！”他说，“现在的问题是如何在不对沙丘和自然森林环境做任何伤害的前提下，人为的对其进行具有敏感性的入侵改造。

”霍兰德说他最初的设计灵感来自被不同属性的声音所吸引。

他回忆道，这处住宅的景观和现代风格有一个特别的精神，同时房子又十分的休闲舒适,所以他决定充分利用大自然的优势，并且利用建筑的优势和这片地域的特殊性来创造极佳的活动场所。

通往住宅的道路笔直而且距离较长，狭窄的车道宽度仅能容纳一辆车，而且道路两侧都被茂盛的植被所包围。

那里有一小片停车场，刚刚从停车的位置过去，霍兰德就设计了一条纽约式的青石路径，这样可以让行人观测到前方的情况：之字形的人行道穿越黑暗的近乎神秘的森林，然后就出现了惊人的、完整的、在阳光的照射下被简朴的粉刷成白色的住宅和景观。

霍兰德设计了一条蜿蜒曲折的道路穿越开满鲜花乔木和灌木，然后蜿蜒穿过树林到达车库，客人停车区域和住宅。

承包商仔细的将森林以外的一些沙生植物移植走以获得一片网球场地。

工人们用双手将美洲沙德挖去再填以微生物和土壤添加剂，霍兰德说有这对植被的生长有很大的影响和差异性。

网球场上本身有一个多孔表面，这有利于自然排水。

它的周围环绕着粗犷而又低调的雪松栅栏，它们组成了一份深棕色的网，这样就可以形成一个60 - 120英尺的网球场。

霍兰德对他首先在宾夕法尼亚遇到的中大西洋植物比较偏爱。

通过他自己的试验，他发现他最喜欢的植物之一紫薇，如果放置在一个受保护的区域，就可以适应寒冷的气候，生存在遥远的北方。

因此他在这个住宅入口处的一侧种植了黑纱米尔的小树苗。

尽管他并不期望它们来达到20到30英尺的正常高度，但是如果健康的长到 15英尺高就说明他做得相当不错了。

在住宅的后方，设计的目的是在不破坏海洋生态环境的前提下连接建筑与海洋。

霍兰德将用餐区与厨房之间的空间压缩，以突显复合沙丘与海洋的景色。

餐厅的地板下面有一个青石天井。

还有一个雪松凉亭上面布满了新鲜的黎明玫瑰、葡萄、紫藤，它在阳光明媚的夏日成为一处受欢迎的遮阴场所。

一个新的由玻璃和不锈钢组成的栅栏包围着游泳池，这允许人们的视线直接看到院子里的风景,同时也可以保护小孩，以防他们不小心掉进水里。

在安装完成后, 霍兰德聘请了一位当地的景观公司顾问来保护西鲱森林，修剪和细化树木从而为它们提供生长所需的光线和空气。

而沙丘种植则几乎不需要人为的修剪,虽然细叶芒现在作为外来物种入侵长岛,不过如果它们长出来的话，雇佣工人手动除草就可以了。

霍兰德说他从未真正离开一个项目，即使是项目完成了，因为一切都是随时间变化而变化的。

他喜欢留意生活中的细节，这样可以使他对景观的认知不断提升。

最重要的是,，他说他喜欢“提升我们所拥有的,创造出美好的空间以使人们生活在那里，同时尝试开发一种适合当地特色的源远流长的景观。

“当整个区域的各个部分相互作用得很和谐时，他补充说，”人类也会成为景观的一部分，他们并不是独立于它而存在的。

”Residential designAn ode to the dunes An east Hampton landscape defies the glitzy norm to preserve a rare natural landscape.In summer time, east Hampton, New York, on long island’s south fork, is jumping with world-class partygoers in pursuit of luxurious pleasure. It’s a small town with one main street, but in July and August the affluent enclave is filled with well-known and influential people. Restaurants are booked solid for the season; pricey boutiques are packed from early morning to late at night, stylishcouples attend lavish charity galas, and glittery soirees attract celebrities of every kind .While East Hampton is famous for all the glitz and glamour, what’s not so well-known is its extraordinary, rare, and arrestingly beautiful natural landscape: a contrast of vast open sky, deep blue water, and dunes that run for miles along the oceanfront in shades of antique ivory and smoky beige that take on a luminous quality in moonlight.The two and half miles of Atlantic Ocean barrier beach that run through the villages of East Hampton and Amagansett comprise one of the most geologically unusual and ecologically sensitive areas in the United States. More than 3,000 years ago, the natural rhythm of Atlantic Ocean waves created a double dune system, with freshwaters wetlands in between the two that support a rich habitat for the threatened eastern spade foot toad, red fox, deer, box turtles, and mice that are important prey for migrating hawks and falcons. The double dunes are also home to nesting shorebirds, a wide variety of native plants, and even orchids.Forty years ago, town officials and experts from the Nature Conservancy persuaded oceanfront home owners to give up more than 20 parcels for a nature preserve in exchange for tax abatements. The donated land is known as the Atlantic Double Dunes Preserve.New York City landscape architect Edmund Hollander, FASLA, who’s worked on projects in East Hampton for many years, was well aware of the site’s sensitivity when an old client engaged him to take a look at a special propertycontiguous with part of the dune preserve. The client wanted to discuss ideas to modernize the outdoor areas in front and back of the residence and make the most of the seaside ambience.Hollander was born and raised in New York City, and he always loved the outdoors and nature. He studied horticulture at the New York botanical garden and the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, New York, before earning a degree in landscape architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. While at Penn, Hollander formed a closed relationship with environmental visionary and department founder Ian McHarg and even taught studios with him following graduation. Shortly after returning to new York, Hollander was offered a job with the firm of Clark and Rapuano as project manager of West way, a plan to bury the city’s crumbling west side of it.”for a city kid to be offered Westway,’’says Hollander,” was basically a dream come true.” After many years and much rancorous debate, the project was canceled; and Hollander opted to leave the firm and go into business with a colleague, Maryanne Connelly, ASLA. Edmund Hollander landscape architect design PC has completed residential projects all over the world, but these days Hollander works primarily in the northeastern part of the United States.The approximately four-acre east Hampton site included a 1960s contemporary style house situated on a rise about 500 feet back from the Atlantic. The surrounding landscape was maritime forest populated with native shadbush and old cherries, along with some eastern red cedars and deciduous magnolias. Inback of the house, a huge tangle of overgrown invasive plants, including Russian olive, bittersweet, grapes, and multiflora rose, completely blocked views of the double dunes and the ocean.Hollander felt that the site was simply incomparable, but he first needed to find out exactly what was embedded in the terrain and intertwined with the vines and other volunteers, and then decide what he could do within four months, when the client and his fiancée planned to get married there.In the rear, there was an infinity-edge swimming pool close to the house, but not much else in the way of designed features. The clients wanted terraces where they could live outside in spring, summer, and fall, despite the harsh summertime climate of intense sun, saltwater, and wind. They asked for a dining area near the kitchen, a place to hang out around the pool that was large enough to entertain family and friends, and areas where they could sit down, relax, and enjoy the views. They also wanted a parking area in front to accommodate visitors, a, tennis court, and, finally, a way to get to the beach.Hollander describes his style as being dictated by three main considerations: the property, the architecture, and the client.” It’s kind of like a three-way marriage requiring sensitivity and balance between these three components,” he says.” We always start with the site, then look at the architecture and finally plug in the requirements of the client. One thing that took years to learn was that we were n’t designing for ourselves, and sometimes we need to guide clients with thoughtfulpersuasion, if possible, to the best approach.”The first challenge was simply to clear out the invasive and expose the grades from the house out into the landscape. Although Hollander was quite familiar with east Hampton real estate, he’d never seen anything like the trees on this particular site: a wonderland of old shadbushes, trunks gnarled and weather-beaten by salt and wind, many of them 50, perhaps 75 years old.” What was here was so magical,”he says,”that the question was how to make a sensitive intrusion into this” without doing any harm to the dunes and the natural forest environment.第Hollander drew his initial design inspiration from”just listening to the property.” He recalls that there was a particular “spirit” to the landscape and to the modern style, yet laid-back house, so he decided to”take advantage of mother nature, take advantage of the architecture, and take advantage of the site and create some wonderful places.”The drive into the property travels straight down a long, narrow lane just wide enough for one vehicle, hemmed in on both sides by vegetation. There’s a small parking area, and the drive then veers off to the left. Just past the parking pad, Hollander installed an angular New York bluestone path that gives pedestrians a preview of what lies ahead. The walkway zigzags through a dark and almost mystical ”forest”of twisted shad and emerges into a startling, full-scale, sun blasted view of the austere white stucco house and landscape.Hollander designed the drive(of crushed pea grit set on loamy soil) to curvearound past flowering shrubs and trees, then meander through the woods to the garage, guest parking area ,and residence. Beyond the forest, contractors carefully transplanted some of the shad to make way for the tennis court. The shad were dug out by hand and replanted with microbial soil additives, which Hollander says makes a huge difference in the survival. The tennis court itself has a porous har tru surface that allows water to flow through to the ground; it’s surrounded by a rough-hewn, low-key cedar fence with dark brown mesh netting that is intended to be as subtle an intrusion as a 60-by-120-foot tennis court can be.Hollander has an affinity for a number of Mid-Atlantic plants that he first encountered at Penn. Through his own trials, he has discovered that one of his favorites, the crape myrtle, will survive in climates farther north if it’s placed in a protected area. He therefore planted a grove of crape myrtles at the entry side of the property, and although he doesn’t expect them to reach their normal height of 20 to 30 feet, they are doing perfectly well at healthy 15 or so feet tall. Behind the residence, the goal was to connect the house to the ocean beyond without disrupting the sensitive ecology. Hollander squeezed in a dining area between the kitchen door and the existing pool with views out over the dunes to the ocean. The dining patio has a bluestone floor underneath and a cedar pergola overhead that is covered in new dawn roses, grapes, and wisteria to provide welcome shade on hot, sunny summer days. A new fence of stainless steel and glass now surrounds the pool. It allows views through to the patio below andprotects small children from accidentally falling into the water.After the installation was completed, Hollander hired a local landscape company to preserve the shad forest, pruning and thinning as necessary to allow the circulation of light and air. The dune plantings require almost no maintenance, although maiden grass is now invasive on long island, and clumps of it are dug out by hand when they appear.Hollander says he never really leaves a project once it’s completed, because the reality is that everything changes over time. He like to keep an eye on things too so that his vision for the landscape endures. Above all, he says he likes to “improve on what we have, create wonderful spaces for the people who live here, and try to develop a landscape that will be appropriate for this location and will continue to grow and thrive.”When the entire site really works well, he adds,”the human component becomes part of the landscape. They are not separate from it.”。