初中现在完成时讲解(完整版).

常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经) 等词连用. already: 常用于肯定句中.
yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.
3) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since 5 years ago.
since 4. My friends haven’t visited me ______few days ago. for
5. We haven’t used our car ____ a long time . for
6. She hasn’t had a good since cup of coffee _____years.
注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时
搞清一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
辨析 have been to和 have gone to
My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting. 他（已经）去了上海。 My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting. 他（曾经）去了上海。 She has been to China . 她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了） She has gone to China last week. 上周她去了上海 。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）
The Present Perfect tense
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
past
present(now)
future
现在完成时的结构 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）
助动词,无意义
Winter has already come， will it still be far in spring ?
You have planted all the trees.
I have planted all the trees.
He/she has planted all the trees.
They have planted all the trees.
主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has
现在完成时的用法
have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来． has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来．
用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：
1.—Where is your brother? has gone to —He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon. Have you ever _________ been to 2. — ______ to America? —Yes, I ___________ have been to New York twice. have you _____? been 3. —Here you are at last! Where _____ have been to —I _____________ London. has gone to 4. —David _____________Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived. 5. —Is Benny here? has gone to the school library. He left —No, he __________ five minutes ago.
since , for 的用法:
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
Take notes
3)since+ 从句
1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 Now we have planted all the trees. He has just come back. They have built many buildings in this city.
2) 表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)
现在完成时的结构
主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）
注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has
否定形式 haven’t ( have not ） +过去分 词 hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词 疑问句 把助动词 have / has 放在句首
区别have 和 has的用法
She has taught English since he came here.
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
用for 或since填空
1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ______ for 15 years. since 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. for 3. My sister has had her cell phone ______a month .
7. Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old.
疑难点
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已经不在这里工作了) I have worked here for more than twenty years. （现在我仍在这里工作）