高中英语语法第一轮复习
高三英语一轮复习语法第1讲名词的数格构词法考点讲义
高中英语语法第1讲名词1 可数名词(1)可数名词的单、复数规那么变化：为了自己(self)活命(life)，小偷(thief)和他的妻子(wife)手里拿着刀子(knife)和一片树叶(leaf)站在架子(shelf)上，把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。
(2)不规那么名词的3种复数变化形式一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同。
(2)people指“人们〞时单复数同形；指“民族〞时，其复数为peoples。
(3)合成名词的2种复数形式①假设有中心词，那么把中心词变成复数；假设无中心词，那么把最终一个词变成复数。
passerby→passersby, sisterinlaw→sistersinlaw, grownup→grownups①“man/woman＋n.〞变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如women engineers。
对点练1写出以下名词的复数形式①sheep—sheep①dish—dishes①knife—knives①story—stories①tomato—tomatoes2 不行数名词(1)常见的不行数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不行数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
通常只用作不行数的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, orange(橙汁), meat, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
[名师点津]word意为“消息〞、room意为“空间〞、man意为“人类〞时，通常不带任何修饰词。
人教版2025高考英语一轮复习语法专题一 第2讲 非谓语动词
第2讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。
非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。
该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing ①constructions of delicate dumpling wrappersencasing ①hot ，tasty soup and sweet ，fresh meat ，are far and away my favorite Chinese streetfood.The dumplings arrive steaming ①and dangerously hot.To eat ②one ，you have to decidewhether to bite ②a small hole in it first ，releasing ①the steam and risking ①a spill(溢出)，or to put ②the whole dumpling in your mouth ，letting ①the hot soup explode ②on your tongue(舌头)．Shanghai may be the recognized ③home of the soup dumplings ，but food historians willactually point you to the neighboring ①ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao ’sbirthplace.There ，you ’ll find them prepared ③differently—more dumpling and less soup ，and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.Nanxiang aside ，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin ，allowing ①them to be lifted ②out ofthe steamer basket without tearing ①or spilling ①any of their contents.The meat should be freshwith a touch of sweetness ，and the surrounding ①soup hot ，clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them ，one steamer basket is rarely enough ，yet two seems greedy ，and so I am always left wanting ①more next time.[规则感悟]上文中加黑部分都是非谓语动词，①为动词-ing 形式，其中amazing ，encasing ，neighboring 和surrounding 作定语；steaming ，releasing ，risking ，letting 和allowing 作状语；tearing 和spilling 作宾语；wanting 作补语。
高三英语一轮语法复习课件：基本词法句法梳理
15. I shall have been working in the company for 4 years by the end of this year. 到今年底我在本公司已经工作四年。
16. I suppose that the play would have been running by then. 我想那部话剧到时会上演。
① I could smell he had been smoking. 我能闻出他抽烟。 ② My leg ached after long trip. 走长路后我的腿疼。 ③ I’m sorry; I hope I didn’t hurt you.? 对不起，我没有伤害你吧？
（9）
表心理动词
① It is understood that you will come. 相信你会来的。 ② I can imagine the scene clearly in my mind. 我可以清楚地想象出这一景象。
（12） 短语动词 ① I came across an interesting article in a magazine. 我在一本杂志上偶尔看到一篇有趣的文章。 ② We’ll look into the matter thoroughly. 我们要彻底调查这件事。
③ The prize is 500 dollars, which works out to about 4,000yuan. 奖品是500美元，折合人民币约 为4000元。 ④ My rent was paid for six months in advance. 我预付出了六个月的房租。
③ It has not yet been announced who will judge the case. 谁来判这个案子还没有宣布。
2024届高考英语一轮专题复习：语法填空巩固练习(含答案)
高考英语一轮专题复习：语法知识巩固练习Oracle bones (甲骨) were believed to be first unearthed in Anyang, once called Yin, the capital of the Shang Dynasty. Villagers then had little idea of what they had found and sold the bones to drugstores as (36) __________ (tradition) Chinese medicines. The medicines gained the notice of historians. The discovery (37) __________ (follow) by a series of archaeological excavations (挖掘).Over the past 120 years, major systematic excavations have been carried (38) __________. A relic site museum has been built at the Yinxu site, (39) __________ (recognize) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Discovering the oracle bones and inscriptions helped explore the cultures of Xia and Shang dynasties, (40) __________ trace the origins of the Chinese civilization.The content of the inscriptions emphasizes the respect for ancestors and other core Chinese values (41) __________ have been passed on until today. It (42) __________ (appeal) to not only scholars but also those outside the circles of archaeology. Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University’s Academy of Arts and Design, has energized the life of these ancient symbols by (43) __________ (feature) them in the biaoqingbao (emoticons) he developed.“They represent the (44) __________ (clue) to our c ultural lineage (传承),” Chen says. “I feel (45) __________ our responsibility to communicate about the charm of the primitive inscription with the younger generations and foreigners.”首先还是要完全熟悉题目给出的提示词。
高三英语一轮复习 语法(非谓语动词)归纳
语法（非谓语动词）I. 动词不定式和动名词的构成形式动词不定式是由“ to + 动词原形”构成；动名词由动词+ing构成。
主动式有：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式；II. 动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解一．做主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。
如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：①It＋be＋名词＋to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time + to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。
在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。
高考英语一轮复习-语法填空核心考点知识梳理、词根词缀总结讲义
语法填空核心考点知识梳理语法填空命题严谨科学，规律性强，是高考英语试卷中最容易得分的部分，也是我们在平时学习时最容易突破的部分。
现总结语法填空核心考点，帮助同学们夯实语法基础，理顺答题思路。
第一部分有提示词（名代动形数）一、名词★考点1：名词变复数★1.转换为形容词(1)n.＋-ablehonor→honorable 可敬的(2)n.＋-alnature→natural 自然的；天生的music→musical 音乐的；悦耳的(3)n.＋-fulcolour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的meaning→meaningful有意义的(4)n.＋-en：wood→wooden 木质的(5)n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy 富有的2.空前有助动词、情态动词、动词不定式符号to时，转换为动词3.转化为另一个名词【小结】常考名词后缀：1.以-al结尾的名词: arrival到达，approval 批准，proposal 提议，survival 幸存2.以-ure结尾的名词: failure失败，mixture混合，pressure压力，pleasure愉快3.以-age结尾的名词:(1)直接加或去e加-age:package包，盒; postage邮资，邮费; storage贮存; shortage不足，短缺; coverage覆盖范围; percentage 百分比; passage 通道(2)变y为i加-age:marry→marriage婚姻; carry→→carriage 客车厢，运输4.以-er结尾表事物的名词:washer 洗衣机，cutter 刀具，lighter打火机，cooker 炉具，hanger 衣架，container容器，heater 加热器，cooler冷却器，cleaner吸尘器，清洁剂，清洁工5.表示"人"的名词:①加-or，如translator 翻译家①加-ar，如beggar乞丐①加-er，如stranger陌生人①加-ee，如trainee实习生①加-ess，如waitress女服务员①加-ist,journalist记者①加-ian，如civilian平民①加-ant，如assistant 助手①加-( at ) ive，如representative代表6.无规律可循的特殊变形:applaud→applause, believe→belief,choose→choice,enthusiastic→enthusiasm,high→height, proud→ pride, tour → tourism, weigh→ weight,vary→→variety, lose→loss, poor→poverty, behave→behavio(u)r★考点3：名词变所有格（’s）名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
高考英语一轮复习语法知识必备：03.冠词、代词和介词
⑤(2024·开封模拟) After this, __th__etelescope recorded dozens of pulses from the FRB over the ourse of days.
考点3 与冠词有关的固定搭配 【要点归纳】 1.含不定冠词的固定搭配 have a knowledge/an understanding of了解 have a good view of一览无余 in a hurry匆忙地 as a result因此 as a rule通常 as a whole总体上 as a matter of fact事实上
energy on one set of tasks at __a_ time. ④(2024·泸州模拟) As _a__ result of a partnership between French company L’Oreal and the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the L’Oreal-UNESCO For Women in Science foundation was founded in 1998 to encourage equality in science.
2.含定冠词的固定搭配 make the most/best of充分利用 in the end最后 by the way顺便说一下 in the distance在远处 in the way挡道 on the whole总的来说
3.含零冠词的固定搭配 at present目前 take part in参加 in peace平静地 by chance/accident偶然 on purpose故意 on second thoughts再三考虑 ahead of time提前 in advance提前
2023届高三英语一轮复习语法小专题课件：名词性从句
练习——语法填空
➢(9) Mr. White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that's__w_h_e_r_e____ I don't agree. ➢(10) _W_h__o_e_v_e_r___ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
练习——语法填空
➢(1) __W__h_a_t_____ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. ➢(2) __W__h_e_th__e_r__ we will have a bright future depends on our diligence.
whose;whom(ever); ●3. 连接副词： when(ever);where(ever);why; how
名词性从句在语法填空中的高频考点
考点1：what和that的用法归纳
➢What: 起连接作用；有词义（什么）；充当成 分（主宾表）； ➢That: 起连接作用；无词义；不充当成分；
练习——语法填空
➢(5) I am not interested in __w_h_e_t_h_e_r___ they believe in me or not. ➢(6) As John Lennon once said, life is ___w_h_a_t_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
练习——语法填空
➢(7) The problem is _h_o_w______we can improve our reading skills in such a short time. ➢(8) She asked a question __w__h_y_____there was a delay.
2023年高考英语一轮复习课件 语法专题 需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词
(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如： analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文 medium—media媒介物 phenomenon—phenomena现象
2.复合名词的单复数变化 (1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。 birthday—birthdays生日 blackboard—blackboards黑板 bookshelf— bookshelves书架 gentleman—gentlemen绅士 (2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如： book worm—book worms son-in-law—sons-in-law looker-on—lookers-on passer-by—passers-by story-teller—story-tellers (3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾 。如：grown-up— grown-ups standby—standbys
点对点练习1 单句语法填空 1.The team who won the three world championships (championship) would always get this cup. 2.During the festival，which lasts three or four days，people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful _a__c_ti_v_it_i_e_s_ (activity). 3.The best solution might be to find the weaknesses(weakness) in the idea and to try and strengthen them，rather than use them simply as an excuse for rejecting the whole idea.
2025届高三英语一轮复习语法填空指导课件
动词解题策略
动词
有无谓语 有 有无连词 有 有无主语 有 时态语态
无
无
时态语态 非谓语
(doing、done、to do)
无 非谓语 (doing、done、to do)
Learner’s dictionaries, all in English, are specially designed to help students. What confuses students is how they can be easy to use. Well, the definitions are simpler than the words they describe—they use high-frequency words. Students can also get grammatical and usage guidance, opposites, other expressions u1s2ing (use) the word and lots of examples. So you can see that the dictionary helps to increase your word power, and improve not only your reading and listening, but also your writing and speaking. There may also be a wide range of pictures to help you understand.
South Australia. He pulled in a great white shark that weighed 2,664 pounds and measured over sixteen feet in length. That is the biggest fish ever 1ca6ug（htcatch） by a
高考英语一轮复习语法总结讲义
一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时,如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
高三英语一轮语法复习讲义名词
第二讲：名词一、名词的命题规律名词是英语高考必考点之一。
高考中主要考查点有：动词、形容词等转换成名词的构词法、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词的单复数、名词的词义辨析等。
语法填空题对名词的考查，常常以给提示词的形式出现，考查下列几方面的内容：动词形容词等转换成名词、名词单数变复数以及名词所有格等。
完形填空中主要考查的是短语中或名词的词义辨析。
阅读理解中主要考查名词的词义和名词的句法功能在语篇中的翻译。
书面表达中名词的运用与考查则更加灵活，以名词的句法功能为主。
二、名词的考点1. 名词的数1) 名词的单复数规则变化2) 名词的单复数不规则变化易错点：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如：two Englishmen。
但German和human不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans和humans。
3) 复合名词变复数✧复合名词变复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。
bedroom→bedrooms卧室looker-on→lookers-on旁观者passer-by→passers-by过路人editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law儿媳妇✧如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。
go-between→go-betweens中间人look-out→look-outs守望者grown-up→grown-ups成年人✧易错点：man/woman+名词变复数时，作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式，如a man doctor→two men doctors4) 集体名词，以单数形式出现，表达复数含义✧如：people; police; cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，apolice，a cattle，但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.✧the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, theSwiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
高考英语一轮复习名词性从句综述
whether to do.
(8) 疑问词加不定式 可以充当一个宾语从句。
表语从句
1. What I believe is that you will achieve success in the College Entrance Examination.
are determined to seek for your dream.
that 6. News came where he had been admitted to a key universityg they began to see which was happening.
3. It is very clear that he is a very intelligent boy.
4. It is a pity that he fail his English exam.
5.Whether you will have a good result doesn’t matter to me.
2. He hasn’t decided whether he will take part in the sports meeting (or not).
3. I am not sure if I can go to the cinema with you tomorrow.
4. They are talking about how they should learn English.
5. Amy tells me (that) she has entered many competitions and that she has won many prizes.
2023届高三英语一轮语法总复习专题1+名词课件
Part 2 基础练
五、名词所有格：
1.含义：表示名词的所属关系，通常翻译成“...的...”。 2.名词所有格的形式： （1）名词末尾加______’s______或______’______，多表示人或其他有生命的名词。 汤姆的玩具________T_o_m__’s__to_y__s_______ （2）介词______o_f_____加名词，多用来表示无生命的事物。 文章的标题____th_e__ti_t_le__o_f_t_h_e_p_a_s_s_a_g_e__ 山顶_t_h_e__to_p__o_f_t_h_e_m__o_u_n_t_a_i_n___ （3）“__a_/_tw__o_/s_o_m__e_._.._＋__名___词__＋__o_f_＋__名__词__'_s/_名__词__性___物__主__代__词__”构成双重所有格，“of ＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示___人____，不能表示事物。
meat 肉
Part 2 基础练
（2）表抽象概念的不可数名词：
work 工作
knowledge 知识
scenery 风景
luck 运气
traffic 交通
Part 2 基础练
（3）永远不可数的重点名词：
advice 建议
equipment 设备
progress 进步
furniture 家具
news/word 消息
radio-____ra_d_i_o_s____ photo-____p_h_o_t_o_s___ [注意]有些以-o结尾的名词需要在词尾加_____-_e_s_____。
[口诀]黑人英雄爱 吃土豆和西红柿
Negro
hero
tomato
高考英语一轮总复习 语法专题突破 专题三 谓语动词
6.(2021·浙江卷)The little home was painted
(paint) white.It was
sweet and fresh.Mary loved it.
7.(2021·全国甲卷)We hired (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the
【用法点拨】 1.过去将来时的构成 主动语态:would+动词原形 被动语态:would be+过去分词 2.过去将来时的主要用法 过去将来时表示在过去预计将来的某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
I thought that Jack was going to write a letter to his father.
专题三 谓语动词
语法专题
突
破
英语
内容索引
增素能 精准突破 测效果 课堂评价
增素能 精准突破
一、一般现在时及其被动语态
【真题语境】
1.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,which is
consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,
仅表示在过去某一时间点,一个动作正在进 行,有什么样的结果不得而知
时间上
凡有明确的过去时间的情况均用过去时,不能用完成时,如含有 ago,last year,just now,the other day
结果上
强调的是动作发生在 “过去”,和现在毫无关 系
强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现 在刚完成或还在继续
2024年高三英语第一轮复习计划（三篇）
2024年高三英语第一轮复习计划随着高三学年的来临，对于即将面临高考的学生而言，制定一个合理的复习计划是至关重要的。
一个好的复习计划既要充分利用时间，又要考虑到个人的学习情况和特点。
下面是一个2024年高三英语第一轮复习计划，希望能对广大学生们有所帮助。
一、制定目标在制定复习计划之前，首先需要明确自己的目标。
英语是高考中的一门重要科目，因此我们的目标应该是取得一个高分。
根据自己的实际情况和学校的要求，可以设定一个适当的目标，比如进入前10%或者达到某个分数线。
明确了目标之后，我们才能更有方向地制定相应的计划。
二、制定时间表根据高三的学期安排和复习时间的可行性，制定一个详细的时间表是必不可少的。
时间表应该包括每天的任务安排和每周的总体复习计划。
一般来说，每天应该安排4至5个小时的英语复习时间，根据个人情况可以适当调整。
每周的总体复习计划可以根据不同的知识点和技能进行划分，比如每周重点复习一两个听力单元，一两篇阅读文章，一两个写作题目等等。
三、合理分配复习内容英语这门科目包含听力、阅读、写作、翻译等多个方面的内容，因此我们需要合理分配复习时间，将重点放在重要知识点和薄弱环节上。
具体来说，可以按照以下方式进行分配：1. 听力：听力是英语考试中很重要的一个部分，需要重点训练。
可以每天安排一些听力练习，包括听力材料的听、写和理解。
可以选择一些真题或者模拟题进行练习，同时注意积累一些常见的听力词汇和表达方式。
2. 阅读：阅读是英语考试中的一项基础技能，需要进行大量的练习。
可以每天安排一到两篇阅读文章进行练习，同时注意积累一些常见的词汇和短语。
可以选择一些真题或者模拟题进行练习，提高阅读理解能力。
3. 写作：写作是英语考试中的一个重要环节，需要进行多次的练习。
可以每周安排一到两个写作题目进行练习，同时注意积累一些常见的写作句型和表达方式。
可以选择一些真题或者模拟题进行练习，提高写作能力。
4. 翻译：翻译是英语考试中的一个重要环节，需要进行多次的练习。
2023届高三英语一轮语法复习不定式(Revise+the+Infinitive)课件
如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。
三、不定式作宾语 (object)
• Jeremy Lin likes to play basketball.
• I find it still necessary (for him) to _________ if he wants to win.
1. She could do nothing but cry. 2. I have no choice but to go. 3. What do you like to do besides sleep.
五、不定式作定语 (attribute)
1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.
四、不定式作宾Leabharlann (object complement)
My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.
引导不定式作宾补的动词：
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 + sb. to do sth.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.
eg: I’m glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.
3) 结果状语: so + adj. / adv. + as to do … such + n. + as to do … adj. / adv. + enough + to do too + adv. / adj. + to do
超实用高三英语一轮复习语法讲解(动名词)及练习讲义
高三英语语法讲解及练习动名词第一部分知识透析第一节动名词的基本形式主动被动1. 一般式(not) doing(not) being done（常用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义，有时也可以表示在谓语动词之前或之后发生的动作）Swimming is her favorite sport.Learning to use electronic products is necessary in modern society.I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.I can’t stand being kept waiting.His not coming made everyone very disappointed.2. 完成式(not) having done(not) having been done（动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生）1 really regretted having missed such a wonderful musical.He denied having cheated in the exam.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.I remember not having returned the book to the library.第二节动名词的用法1. 动名词作主语/表语动名词作主语/表语表示泛指的经常性的事情Collecting information is very important to businessmen.My hobby is collecting stamps.One of my bad habits is biting nails.2. 动名词作宾语1)一些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语，如：ban consider delay deny escapefeel like finish forbid involve appreciatekeep practise recommend quit suggestadmit permit avoid enjoy mentionimagine include mind miss resistRisk prohibit allow advise encouragedislike forgive advocate postpone fancyHe denied having been there.We enjoy walking along the Bund.Don’t risk going to the forest alone.The old should avoid eating oily food.注意：allow, advise，encourage，forbid, permit，recommend 后接动名词作宾语，接不定式作补语。
高中英语语法填空专项技巧及训练-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
小试牛刀
1.My friend showed me around the town，which ________(be) very attractive. 2.Not only the students but also their teacher _______(be) moved deeply by the moving story. 3. (2024·陕西咸阳模拟)Even though there ________(be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city，it may take focus away from your studies. 4.(新高考全国Ⅰ)Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection _________(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
GPNP
is
designed 60 (design)
to
reflect
the
guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of
natural ecosystems，preserving biologicaldiversity，protecting ecological
buffer zones,61.and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for
future generations”.
知识顾
时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 情态动词
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高中英语语法第一轮复习高中英语语法第一轮复习-分词一、概说英语分词分现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词与动名词相同，规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词没有特别规则，需特别记忆。
分词是非谓语动词的一种，它一方面具有动词性质，可以有自己的状语，另一方面又具有形容词和副词功能，可用作定语和状语等。
二、现在分词的句法功能1. 作表语The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。
The present situation is terrifying. 目前形势令人惊恐。
Please be seated. 请坐好。
The window was broken. 窗户破了。
注：(1) 有的用作表语的分词具有形容词性质，有的甚至已转化为形容词。
(2) 现在分词和动名词作表语的区别：现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。
另外，动名词作表语时它可与主语交换位置，而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置：误：Very interesting is my job.正：Looking after the children is my job.还有，作表语的现在分词不能带宾语，而作表语用的动名词可以带宾语(如上例)。
2. 作定语What disappointing news! 多么令人失望的消息!The story had a satisfying ending. 这故事有一个令人满意的结局。
She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。
All these are required subjects. 所有这些都是必修课。
注：(1) 单个的分词作定语可以置于被修饰词语之前，但若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰名词之后：There is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位先生要求见你。
She bought a computer produced in China. 她买了一台中国生产的电脑。
(2) 由现在分词being构成的短语通常不能用作后置定语，除非这个being是构成被动结构的助动词：误：Anyone being ill can take the medicine.正：Anyone who is ill can take the medicine. 任何人病了都可服这药。
正：He isn’t interested in the question being discussed. 他对讨论的问题不感兴趣。
(3) 现在分词作后置定语时，它所表示的动作通常不能发生在谓语动作之前(这也就是为什么现在分词的完成式不能用作后置定语的原因)：误：The man stealing [having stolen] the car was caught. 正：The man who stole the car was caught. 偷汽车的那个人被抓了。
(4) 现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语时，它所修饰的名词通常就是现在分词的逻辑主语，并且通常可转换成一个定语从句；而动名词作定语表示的是被修饰名词的作用、作途等。
比较：a moving truck 正在移动的汽车(moving为现在分词，与truck有主谓关系)a moving truck 搬家汽车(moving为动名词，说明truck的用途)a hunting dog 正在猎物的狗(hunting为现在分词，与dog有主谓关系)a hunting dog 猎狗(hunting为动名词，说明dog的用途)3. 作状语分词作状语可以表示多种关系：(1) 表时间：Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
(2) 表原因：Being very weak, she couldn’t move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged，she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。
(3) 表条件：United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。
(4) 表让步：Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
(5) 表方式：He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。
I’m returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。
(6) 表伴随：He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看报。
Don’t you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
(7) 表结果：He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。
4. 作宾语补足语He soon had them all laughing. 他很快逗得大家都笑了。
I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。
We found him greatly changed. 我们发现他变化很大。
I heard my name called. 我听到有人叫我的名字。
All these are required subjects. 所有这些都是必修课。
三、分词的时态和语态现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态如下表(如动词do为例)：主动形式被动语态现在分词一般式doingbeing done完成式having done having been done 过去分词一般式done无1. 现在分词一般式的用法现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生：When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。
Living in the suburbs, we have few visitors. 因为住在郊外，我们没什么访客。
注：有时现在分词所表示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔：Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现没有在家，他决定留个字条。
He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家，发现门是锁着的。
当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时，现在分词通常位于句末。
2. 现在分词完成式的用法现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作：Having been there once，she knew the place quite well. 由于去过那儿一次，她对那地方很熟悉。
Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。
注：(1) 现在分词的一般式和完成式均可表示已完成或先于谓语的动作，但有区别：现在分词所表示的动作虽然可以先于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔，而现在分词的完成式所表示先于谓语的动作则与谓语动作有一定的时间间隔：Locking the door, he went out. 锁好门之后，他就出去了。
Having invited him here to speak，we’d better go to his lecture. 既然我们请了他来作报告，我们最好去听一下。
有时即使是分词动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生，但如果要强调分词动作的完成性，也应用现在分词的完成式：Having bought our tickets，we went into the theatre. 我们买好票后就走进剧场。
(2) 现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语：误：Do you know anyone having lost a cat? 你知道有谁丢了一只猫吗？误：I want to talk to the person having broken the window. 我想同打破窗户的人谈谈。
若将以上现分词的完成式改为一般式也不可以(因为现在分词作后置定语时通常只表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生的动作，而不能先于谓语动作而发生)：误：I want to talk to the person breaking the window.3. 现在分词被动式的用法当要表示一个被动动作时，现在分词就用被动形式。
现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式：(1) 现在分词一般式的被动式：主要表示现在正在进行的动作，也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作：Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。
注：有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因，且多为状态动词)：Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 由于没车，她感到行动很困难。
(2) 现在分词完成式的被动式：主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成的动作。