学术英语 医学 Unit 4
医学英语综合教程第四单元
医学英语综合教程第四单元Unit 4 An introduction to PathologyPathology is the scientific study of disease. In clinical practice and medical In clinical practice and medical education, pathology also has a wider meaning: pathology constitutes a large body of scientific knowledge, ideas and investigative methods essential for the understanding and practice of modern medicine.病理学是研究疾病的科学，在临床实践和医学教学中，病理学的含义更为广泛：病理学友一系列的知识、观点和研究方法构成，它们对理解现代医学及医学实践至关重要。
Pathology is not synonymous with the morphology of disease; this is an outmoded perception. Pathology includes knowledge and understanding of the functional and structural changes in disease, from the molecular level to the effects on the individual.病理学不等同于疾病组织的形态学，把两者等同起来是一种过时的看法。
病理学包括对疾病功能及结构的认识和理解，从分子水平到对个体的影响。
Pathology is continually subjective to change, revision and expansion as the application of new scientific methods illuminates our knowledge of disease.病理学是一门不断发展变化的学科，随着运用新的科学方法来阐述疾病知识，病理学也会不断地改变、更新和拓展。
学术英语医学Unit1-3-7-9课文翻译
学术英语unit1,unit3,unit4,unit9课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
学术英语Unit1~4课文翻译
Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房 X 光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？ 50 岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去 10 年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。
学术英语(医学)_Unit 4
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text B
Critical Reading and Thinking
Difficult sentences
• The stage is now set for the next generation of young investigators interested in the “integration of Chinese and Western medicine” and the development of evidence-based, patient-centered participatory and financially sustainable models of care to make their contributions. (Para. 6)
对于下一代年轻的研究者来说，如果对“中西医结合”的 研究感兴趣，如果对建立循证型、以病人为中心参与型、 经济上可持续发展型的医疗保健模式感兴趣的话，给他们 施展才华的舞台现在已经搭就，他们可以登台贡献。
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text B
Critical Reading and Thinking
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text B
Critical Reading and Thinking
Difficult sentences
• There is also now the prospect of moving beyond mechanistic and reductionistic studies each of which has the potential to offer disruptive scientific innovation, in order to simultaneously move to the realm of costeffectiveness research.
学术英语医学Unit4
医学英语听力的提高方法
多听医学英语材料：如医学讲座、学术报告等，提高对医学英语语音的敏感度。 学习医学专业词汇：掌握常用的医学词汇和短语，有助于理解医学英语听力材料。 练习听写：通过听写练习，提高对医学英语听力材料的理解和记忆能力。 参加医学英语听力培训班：通过专业的指导和训练，提高医学英语听力水平。
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
句子结构：分析长难句，理解医学 文献的表述方式
文献评价：学会评价医学文献的可 靠性和科学性，避免误导
学术英语医学Unit4的语法 和句型
第四章
医学英语句子的结构分析
主语+谓语： 陈述句的基本
结构
主语+谓语+宾 语：完整句子
的基本结构
主语+谓语+表 语：表达状态
或特征
学术英语医学Unit4的实践 和应用
第七章
医学英语翻译的实践练习
医学英语翻译的实践练习：通过实际案例，练习医学英语翻译技巧，提高翻译准确性和流畅 性。
医学英语词汇积累：掌握常用的医学英语词汇和表达方式，提高医学英语翻译的准确性和地 道性。
医学英语语法和句型学习：掌握医学英语的语法和句型特点，提高医学英语翻译的准确性和 规范性。
学术英语医学 Unit4
XX,a click to unlimited possibilities
汇报人：XX
目录
CONTENTS
01 添加目录标题 02 学术英语医学Unit4的概述 03 学术英语医学Unit4的词汇和表达 04 学术英语医学Unit4的语法和句型 05 学术英语医学Unit4的写作技巧
文献综述：总结前人研究，分析研究空白
研究方法：详细描述实验或调查设计、数据采集和分析方 法
最新学术英语医学Unit4课文翻译汇总
精品文档Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？精品文档．精品文档骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房 X 光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？ 50 岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去 10 年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。
学术英语医学第二版unit4
学术英语医学第二版unit4英文回答：In Unit 4 of Academic English for Medicine (Second Edition), medical professionals are introduced to the concept of "evidence-based medicine" (EBM), a systematic approach to clinical practice that relies on the best available evidence from research studies. This unit delves into the principles of EBM, including the importance of critical appraisal of research findings and the integration of this evidence into clinical decision-making. Additionally, this unit explores the role of statistics and epidemiology in EBM and discusses the challenges associated with implementing EBM in clinical practice.中文回答：学术英语医学第二版第 4 单元。
在学术英语医学（第二版）第 4 单元中，医学专业人士接触到了“循证医学”（EBM）的概念，这是一种基于研究中最佳可用证据的系统性临床实践方法。
本单元深入探讨 EBM 的原则，包括对研究结果进行批判性评估以及将证据整合到临床决策的重要性。
此外，本单元探讨了统计学和流行病学在 EBM 中的作用，并讨论了在临床实践中实施 EBM 所面临的挑战。
学术英语(医学)Unit1~4课文翻译课件.doc
Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会[新版@^~%*]让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
[新^%版&新@]奥索里奥夫人56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行30分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度DEXA扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房X 光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？50 岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去10 年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。
学术英语(医学)Unit1~4课文翻译汇总
Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房 X 光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？ 50 岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去 10 年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。
学术英语Unit1~4课文翻译
Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房 X 光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？ 50 岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去 10 年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。
学术英语（医学）课后问题答案
Unit11、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:·Neuron overload·Patients* high expectations·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctorcondition:2、Mrs. Osorio’s·A 56-year-old woman·Somewhat overweight·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it·Not enough exercises she should take·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan3、Good things:·Blood tests done·Glucose a little better·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things:·Cholesterol not so great·Her weight a little up·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 44、The situation:·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts aboutMrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.and completely justified ·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent ——request”：the form signed by her doctor.·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient whilecompleting documentation.5、Similarities:·In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computersand human beings.Differences:·The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.·At best, human beings can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.·The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.6、·7 medical issues to consider·5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue·7 x 5 = 35 thoughts·10 patients that afternoon·35 x 10 = 350 thoughts·5 residents under the authors supervision·4 patients seen by each resident·10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient·5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts·350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total·If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves about 10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.7、Possible solutions:·Computer-generated reminders·Case managers·Ancillary services·The simplest solution: timeUnit21、The author implies:Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re- emerging infectious diseases·Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of theinfectious diseases·Unfinished war against infectious diseases2、Victory declarations:·Surgeon General William Stewart's hyperbolic statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”.·A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines·The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost overWhat followed ever since:·Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola·Comeback of the old afflictions:Diphtheria in the former Soviet UnionTB in urban centers like New York CityRising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever·The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world3、Elaborate on the joined battle:·WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and controlof emerging disease in October 1995.·CDC launched a prevention strategy in 1994.·Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.4、The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel fromone country to another remote country in a very short time.5、TB:·Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spread·Emerging of drug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strain·A ride on the HIV w^on by attacking the immunocompromisedGroup A strep:·A change in virulence·Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriumFlu:Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its levelof virulence6、Examples:·Experiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination. ·Du e to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. 'The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.7、The four areas of focus:·The need for surveillance·Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field·Appropriate prevention and control·Strong public health infrastructure8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.Unit31、Terry's life before·She loved practicing Tae Kwon Do·She loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.·She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games.·She attended medical school, practiced as an internal medicine resident, and became an academic general internist.·She got married and got a son and a daughter.2、The symptoms of MS and autoimmune disease:·Loss of stamina and strength·Problems with balance·Bouts of horrific facial pain·Dips in visual acuity3、Terry did the following before she self-experimented:·She started injections.·She adopted many pharmacotherapies.·She began her own study of literature:She read articles on websites such as PubMed.She searched for articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.She turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types — dementia，Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease.She relearned basic sciences such as cellular physiology, biochemistry, andneurophysiology.4、Approaches Terry mainly used:·Self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal models·Self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation which is not an approved treatment for MS·Online search to identify the sources of micronutrients and having a new diet ·Reduction of food allergies and toxic load5、Cases mentioned in the text:·Increased mercury stores in the brains of people with dental fillings·High levels of the herbicide atrazine in private wells in Iowa·The strong association between pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration·The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms involving metabolism of sulfur and/or B vitamins·Inefficient clearing of toxins6、With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, andautoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than the genes, we cantake many health problems and the health care crisis under our control, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit41、Two concepts:·Complementary medicine refers to the use of conventional therapies together with alternative treatments such as using acupuncture in addition to usual care to help lessen pain. Complementary and alternative medicine is shortened as CAM.·Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments that are not part of conventional therapies —like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They are called so because people used to consider practices like these outside the mainstream.2·TCM does not require advanced, complicated, and in most cases, expensivefacilities.·TCM employs needles, cups, coins, to mention but a few.·Most procedures and operations of TCM are noninvasive.·The substances used as medicine are raw herbs or abstracts from them, andthey are indeed all natural, from nature.·TCM has been practiced as long as the Chinese history, so the efficiency i s proven and ensured.·Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM3、It may be used as an adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for a number of conditions: post-operativeand chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative dental pain, addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.4、A well-justified NO:·More intense research to uncover additional areas for the use of acupuncture ·Higher adoption of acupuncture as a common therapeutic modality not only in treatment but also in prevention of disease and promotion of wellness·Exploration and perfection of innovative methods of acupuncture point stimulation with technological advancement·Improved understanding of neuroscience and other aspects of human physiology and function by basic research on acupuncture·Greater interest by stakeholders·An increasing number of physician acupuncturists5、·Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance:Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patientCorrect selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas·Digression from either of the above guidence will lead to misuses of herbs, andwill result in complications in patient6、·Randomized controlled trialsAdvantages:Elimination of the potential bias in the allocation of participants to the intervention group or control groupTendency to produce comparable groupsGuaranteed validity of statistical tests of significanceLimitations:Difficulty in generalizing the results obtained from the selected sampling to the population as a wholeA poor choice for research where temporal factors are anissueExtremely heavy resources, requiring very large samplegroupsQuasi-experimentsAdvantages:Control group comparisons possibleReduced threats to external validity as natural environments do notsuffer the same problems of artificiality as compared to a well-controlledlaboratory setting.Generalizations of the findings to be made about population since quasiexperiments are natural experimentsLimitations：Potential for non-equivalent groups as quasi-experimental designs donot use random sampling in constructing experimental and controlgroups.Potential for low internal validity as a result of not using random sampling methods to construct the experimental and control groupsCohort studiesAdvantages:Clear indication of the temporal sequence between exposure and outcomeParticular use for evaluating the effects of rare or unusual exposureAbility to examine multiple outcomes of a single risk factorLimitations:Larger, longer, and more expensiveProne to certain types of biasNot practical for rare outcomesCase-control studiesAdvantages:The only feasible method in the case of rare diseases and those with longperiods between exposure and outcomeTime and cost effective with relatively fewer subjects as compared to other observational methodsLimitations：Unable to provide the same level of evidence as randomized controlled trialsas it is observational in natureDifficult to establish the timeline of exposure to disease outcomeN=1” trials“AdvantagesEasy to manageInexpensiveLimitations：Findings difficult to be generalized to the whole populationWeakest evidence due to the number of the subject7、Synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on:The completeness of the literature search (unavailable for foreign studies)The accuracy of evaluation·There are situations in which no answer can be found for the questions of interest in RCTs and database analyses.·There's the requirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”8、·Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society·Research and education·Political, economic, and social factorsUnit51、·Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from：Continuous stressPainHardships·Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-eases.·Prompting elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases.2、·Wellness is a state involving every aspect of our being: body, mind and spirit.·Manifestations of a healthy person:Energy and vitalityA certain zip in gaitA warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behavior3、·Constant messages, positive and negative，are sent to our mind about the health of our body.·Physical symptoms are suppressed by people who go through life on automatic pilot.·Being well equals to being disease- or illness-free in the minds of them.·They confused wellness with an absence of symptoms.4、·People's minds are infected by spin:Half-truthFearful fictionsBlatant deceit: some as a form of self-deceit·Spin is a result of unconscious living.·The kind of falseness is pandemic.5·Our body intelligence is suppressed or dormant from a lack of use.·There are tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis.·Our bodies are easily ignored for years because of a lack of recreation time. ·Limiting, self-defeating and even self-destructive behaviors undermine our wellbeing and keep them from achieving our full potential.6·We grow more reluctant to take risks.·We lose the ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth.·We continue to deny and repress our feelings to protect ourselves.·Fear, denial and disconnection from our bodies and feelings become an unconscious, self-protective habit, a kind of default response to life.7·A multi-faceted process:Looking for roots of and resolutions for the issues in different dimensionsBuilding our wellness toolbox slowlyPicturing our whole state of being·Attention to the little stuff:Examining our lives honestly and setting clear intentions to changeStriving to maintain a balance of our mind, body and spiritTaking small steps in the way to perceive and resolve conflict8·Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciously.·Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions.·Come to terms with the toxic emotionsUnit61、In the past, most people died at home. But now, more and more people are caredin hospitals and nursing homes at their end of life, which of course brings a newset of questions to consider.2、·Sixty-four years old with a history of congestive heart failure·Deciding to do everything medically possible to extend his life·Availability of around-the-clock medical services and a full range of treatmentchoices, tests, and other medical care·Relaxed visiting hours, and personal items from home3、Availability of around-the-clock medical resources, including doctors, nurses, andfacility.4、·Taking on a job which is big physically, emotionally, and financially·Hiring a home nurse for additional help·Arranging for services (such as visiting nurses) and special equipment (like ahospital bed or bedside commode)5、·Health insurance·Planning by a professional, such as a hospital discharge plaimer or a social worker·Help from local governmental agencies·Doctor's supervision at home6、·Traditionally, it is only about symptom care.·Recently, it is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for people who are living with potentially fatal diseases.7、·Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment.·Choosing a hospice is a permanent decision.Unit71、·A dying patient·Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and startcomfort measures·The family's refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments2、·The doctor as exclusive decision-maker·The patient as participant with little say in the final choice3、·Respect for the patient, especially the patient s autonomy·Patient-centered care·The patient as decision-maker based on the information provided by the doctor4、·Patients are forced to make decisions they never want to.·Patients, at least a large majority of them, prefer their doctors to make final decisions.·Shifting responsibility of decision-making to patients will bring about more stress to patients and their families, especially when the best option for the patient is uncertain.5、Doctors are very much cautious about committing some kind of ethicaltransgression.6、·Shouldering responsibility together with the patient may be better than havingthe patient make decisions on their own.·Balancing between paternalism and respect for patients autonomy constitutes alarge part of medical practice.Unit81、·Research:An activity to test hypothesis, to permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge·Practice:Interventions solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success·Blurred distinction:Cooccurrence of research and practice like in research designed to evaluate a therapyNotable departure s from standard practice being called “experimental” withl”and “research” carelessly definedthe terms “experimenta2、·Autonomy：Individuals treated as autonomous agents .·Protection:Persons with diminished autonomy entitled to protection·A case in point:Prisoners involved in research3·“Do no harm” as the primary principle·Maximization of possible benefits and minimization of possible harms .·Balance between benefits and potential risks involved in every step of seedingthe benefits4、·“Do no harm” as a fundamental principle of medical ethics·Extension of it to the realm of research by Claude Bernard·Benefits and risks as a set “duet” in both medical practice and research 5、·Unreasonable denial of entitled benefit and unduly imposed burden：Enrolment of patients in new drug trial: Who should be enrolled and who should not?·Equal treatment of equals:Determining factors of equality: age, sex, severity of the condition, financial status, social status6、·Definition:The opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them·Application:A process rather than signing a written formAdequate information as the premiseA well-informed decision as the expected result7、·Requirements for consent as entailed by the principle of respect for persons ·Risk/benefit assessment as entailed by the principle of beneficence ·More requirements of fairness as entailed by the principle of justice: At the individual level: fairnessAt the social level: distinction between classes。
医学英语Unit 4 TextA
What people want is not knowledge, but certainty. The art of medicine consists in amusing the patient while nature cures the disease.Unit 4 The Circulatory System54基础医学英语Unit 4The Circulatory System 55■ExercisesI Give the meaning for the following affixes or stems and provide one example for each. Stems /Affixes Meaning Examplesangl(o)-arter(o)-cardi(o)-pericardi(o)-rrhythm(o)-thromb(o)-ventricul(o)-brady-hem(o)-II Choose the definition from Column B that best matches the stem or affix in Column A.2.atri(o)- B. vessel3.phleb(o)- C. aorta4.valvul(o)- D. pulse5.vascul(o)- E. heart chamber6.ischi(o)- F. slow7.-ectomy G. creating a new or an artificial opening8.brady- H. valve9.sphygm(o)- I. surgical removal10.-ostomy J. deficiencyIII Translate the following words and phrases into English.1.主动脉狭窄2.动脉粥样化3.瓣膜成形术4.静脉炎5.局部缺血6.心动过速7.出血56基础医学英语8.心切开术9.心血管造影术10.血栓溶解Part BText A■Warm-up●Group discussionWhat do you think is the most dangerous condition related to the circulatory system?The Circulatory SystemT he complex nature of the human body demands an efficient circulatory system in order to sustain life. The trillions of cells which comprise the human body demand this efficiency in order to maintain the functions of the multitudes of systems within the human body, which represents an ingenious division of labor. The majority of the body’s cells is immobile, and therefore can not retrieve the basics of their existence independently. This means a well organized and efficient circulatory system is responsible for deliver life sustaining oxygen and nutrients to the cells which are incapable of fending for themselves.Components of the systemThe heart, blood, and blood vessels are the three structural elements that make up the circulatory system. The heart is the engine of the circulatory system and divided into four chambers: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle. The walls of these chambers are made of a special muscle called myocardium, which contracts continuously and rhythmically to pump blood. The pumping action of the heart occurs in two stages for each heart beat: diastole, when the heart is at rest; and systole, when the heart contracts to pump deoxygenated blood toward the lungs and oxygenated blood to the body.During each heartbeat, typically about 60 to 90 ml of blood are pumped out of the heart. If the heart stops pumping, death usually occurs within four to five minutes.Blood consists of three types of cells: oxygen-bearing red blood cells, disease-fightingUnit 4The Circulatory System 57white blood cells, and blood-clotting platelets, all of which are carried through blood vesselsin a liquid called plasma. Plasma is yellowish and consists of water, salts, proteins, vitamins, minerals, hormones, dissolved gases, and fats.Three types of blood vessels form a complex network of tubes throughout the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry it toward the heart. Capillaries are the tiny links between the arteries and the veins where oxygen and nutrients diffuse to body tissues. The inner layer of blood vessels is lined with endothelial cells that create a smooth passage for the transit of blood. This inner layer is surrounded by connective tissue and smooth muscle that enable the blood vessel to expand or contract. Blood vessels expand during exercise to meet the increased demand for blood and to cool the body. Blood vessels contract after an injury to reduce bleeding and also to conserve body heat.Arteries have thicker walls than veins to withstand the pressure of blood being pumped from the heart. Blood in the veins is at a lower pressure, so veins have one-way valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards away from the heart. Capillaries, the smallest of blood vessels, are only visible by microscope—ten capillaries lying side by side are barelyas thick as a human hair. If all the arteries, veins, and capillaries in the human body were placed end to end, the total length would equal more than 100,000 km—they could stretch around the earth nearly two and a half times.The arteries, veins, and capillaries are divided into two systems of circulation: systemic and pulmonary. The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the tissues in the body except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood carrying waste products, such as carbon dioxide, back to the heart.The pulmonary circulation carries this spent blood from the heart to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood releases its carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen. The oxygenated blood then returnsto the heart before transferring to the systemic circulation.Functions of the systemThe circulatory system is not a stand alone system, and it requires the assistance of systems such as the respiratory, urinary, endocrine, digestive, and integumentary systems in order to maintain its proper function and give the body the life sustenance it requires to live. While the circulatory system has numerous functions, the various capabilities and functions of this intense system can be segregated into two basic responsibilities.Transportation of the substances necessary to maintain cellular metabolism is one of two main functions of the circulatory system. In conjunction with the respiratory system, red blood cells by the name of erythrocytes are responsible for the transportation of oxygen which is systematically delivered to the cells waiting throughout the body. The human body takes a breath, which enters the lungs. In the lungs, the oxygen molecules attach themselves基 础 医 学 英 语58to hemoglobin molecules, which reside within the erythrocytes, and then make their way via transport by these cells to cells in need of oxygen. Once the cells have used the oxygen which has been delivered, the carbon dioxide that they have produced are then transported back to the lungs and expelled in exhaled air.The blood and lymph vessels work in conjunction with the digestive system in order for the circulatory system to perform the delivery of nutrition. When food is eaten it is broken down by the digestive system and the nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the intestines, which is then picked up by the blood vessels and carried off to the cells requiring the nutrition with a pit stop through the liver for nutrient absorption and toxic cleansing. The wastes associated with excess waters, ions, plasma, and metabolic waste produced by the cells, are then filtered through capillaries which belong to the kidneys. From there wastes enter the kidney tubes and are excreted in urine.The circulatory system is also responsible for the transportation of hormones through the blood stream. This contributes to the regulatory process of maintaining health of the endocrine system.The second basic function associated with the circulatory system involves protection. It effectively protects against both injury and disease through clotting, white blood cells, and the process of phagocytosis. White blood cells called leukocytes fight off disease and foreign material in the body. The body becomes feverish in this action as it works harder toThe circulatory systemJugular vein LungsSuperior Vena cava Carbon dioxide Pulmonary artery Inferior Vena cavaLiverRenal vein Iliac vein Hepatic Portal vein Carbon dioxideHead and arms Carotid artrryOxygen Pulmonary veinAorta HeartMesenteric arteries Digestive tract Kidneys Ilica artery OxygenUnit 4The Circulatory System 59produce a greater number of leukocytes.The body’s natural ability to clot prevents excessive bleeding when blood vessels are harmed or damaged. Excessive damage may cause bleeding faster than the body can create clotting agents, but in most cases the clotting agents cease bleeding for long periods of time. Tissue fluid, also known as interstitial fluid, comes from fluid derived from the plasma and becomes protective liquid for tissues that are not surrounded by blood. A small percentageof this fluid is returned through the capillaries and is likely to enter the lymphatic system via the connective tissues around the blood vessels. Fluid within the lymphatic system, which is known as lymph, is then discharged back into the venous blood. Strategically placed lymph nodes are responsible for the cleansing of the lymph before it is returned for another use. This is the body’s natural form of recycling and the entire circulatory system is based on this notion of natural recycling. (1133 words)60基础医学英语Unit 4The Circulatory System 61ExercisesI Complete the following sentences according to the text.1.The circulatory system is also called , which is composed of . Theheart works as the engine of the system and is divided into . The contract of __________ pumps the blood continuously and rhythmically at the stages of .2.Red blood cells are full of ; white blood cells take the responsibility of ,and platelets can stop people from if their fingers are cut.II Answer the following questions according to the text.1.What is the complex network of blood tubes compose of ?2.Why can blood vessels expand or contract?3.What’s the function of a valve?4.How is the circulatory system involved in the protection of the body?5.How are nutrients absorbed by our body?6.What’s the natural form of recycling of the body?III Translate the following sentences into English according to the sentence pattern in the model.Model: …such as white blood cells and a ntibodies, to regions under attack.1.心血管系统是受神经支配的。
最新学术英语医学Unit1,3,7,9课文翻译
学术英语unit1,unit3,unit4,unit9课文翻译Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行30 分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
学术英语(医学)教师版Unit4课文翻译
Unit 4 Text A传统中医和现代西医的融通人们对传统医学和补充医学的兴趣正在引起医疗界、政府部门、媒体和公众等美国社会各界的关注。
越来越多的保险公司和管理式医疗机构为传统医学大开方便之门，现在大多数美国医学院也开设了传统医学课程。
艾森伯格的多项全国性研究表明也有更多人在使用补充疗法。
为了便于研究替代疗法的有效性，美国国家补充与替代医学中心于1999年获得了多达五千万美元的预算。
由于认识到除了要对饮食补充剂安全性和有效性进行系统性评估之外，还需要提升植物药材科学数据的质量和数量，今年为此设立了两个研究中心，以研究植物药材的生物学作用。
许多患者传统模式和现代模式同时并用，这就需要将两种医学进行合理平稳地结合。
传统中医的理论和技术涵盖了美国归为补充医学的多数实践，在医疗保健体系中变得日益重要。
若运用得当，传统中医费用合理，技术含量低，安全且有效。
在全球，正在展开针对针灸、草药、按摩和太极的诸多研究，这可阐释传统中医的一些理论和实践。
雄心勃勃的研究设计提供的证据和巨大的患者需求正在推动传统中医和现代医学在临床层面的结合，而学术研究者和学术机构对两种治疗体系结合的潜力也有越来越浓厚的兴趣。
针刺基于1997年美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）专家共识会议审查的证据，NIH 专家共识发展小组保守建议针刺可以作为多种疾患的辅助疗法、替代疗法或综合管理方案的一部分。
该专家组确认针刺可用于治疗手术后出现的和化疗引起的恶心和呕吐，也可治疗术后牙痛。
专家组同时也建议针灸可作为辅助疗法或可接受的替代疗法，用以治疗成瘾、卒中康复、头痛、经痛、网球肘、纤维肌痛、肌筋膜疼痛、骨关节炎、下背痛、腕管综合症和哮喘等。
未来在传统中医架构下进行的针刺临床试验与当前这一代主要主要从生物医学的角度对针刺疗效进行评判的临床试验相比，可能对针刺的疗效提供更恰当更有临床意义的评估。
临床研究中现有的科学严谨性必须保持。
然而，NIH数据分析的方法过于严格，限制了潜在的适应症。
学术英语(医学)Unit4
• Issues to be covered • Suggested answers
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Lead-in Issues to be covered
1. Complementary and alternative medicine
2. What traditional or alternative therapies can and cannot do
• Adoption / Use
-Proven useful in additional areas -Used not only for treatment but also for prevention and promotion of wellness -Exploration and perfection to be continued
CAM: a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine
Complementary medicine : use of CAM together with conventional medicine
E 10.yoga
A. 听诊法 B. 气功 C. 推拿 D. 食疗 E. 瑜伽术 F. 问诊 G. 冥想 H. 催眠术 I. 针灸 J. 切脉
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
• Critical reading and thinking – Topics for presentation – Useful expressions – Difficult sentences
学术英语医学Unit4 ppt课件
Alternative medicine: use of CAM in place of conventional medicine
2020/12/12
10
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
CAM: a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine
Complementary medicine : use of CAM together with conventional medicine
Topics for presentation
1 Give a brief explanation of the two concepts: complementary medicine and alternative medicine.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
D 9. dietetic therapy
G. 冥想 H. 催眠术 I. 针灸 J. 切脉
E 10.yoga
2020/12/12
8
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
• Critical reading and thinking – Topics for presentation – Useful expressions – Difficult sentences
医学英语-unit 4
Match the following expressions with their Chinese meanings.
( c )1.scheduled hospitalization ( d )2.emergency hospitalization ( b )3.expected hospitalization ( a )unexpected hospitalization
a 非预期入院
b 预期入院 c 择期入院 d 急诊入院
2.Hospital Consent Form 知情同意书
• It’s about your consent for hospital services .
4 .What should I bring to the hospital
Do’s identification card, insurance card previous medical history allergy list
Emergency Admission
The emergency call number in different countries.
Nation China United States United Kingdom Japan Germany
Number 120 911 999 119 112
Emergency hospitalization, also known as unexpected hospitalization, refers to patients who do not register, but need to be admitted for emergency diagnosis and treatment. They are directly sent to the emergency department for quick medical treatment. 急诊住院，也称非预期入院，指患者未在住院登记处登记 信息，但需要紧急入院进行疾病诊断与治疗。此类患者会被 直接带到急诊部门进行快速的医学治疗。
学术英语 unit 4 final
• Complementary medicine is alternative
medicine used together with conventional medical treatment in a belief, not proven by using scientific methods, that it "complements" the treatment.
• Founder and Director of
UCLA Center for EastWest Medicine
• expert in blending traditional
Chinese Medicine with western biomedicine to develop a unique healthcare paradigm
• Alternative medicine is any practice that is
presented as having the healing effects of medicine, but is not part of the conventional, science-based healthcare system.
• A broad range of medicine practices sharing common
concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years. • includes 1. herbal medicine, 2. acupuncture, 3. massage (Tui na), 4. exercise (qigong), 5. dietary therapy
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Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
1 How is the traditional and complementary medicine attracting attention in the US?
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Lead-in
Issues to be covered
1. Complementary and alternative medicine 2. What traditional or alternative therapies can and cannot do 3. The status quo of traditional medicine practices in Western countries
学术英语 医学
Academic English for Medicine
Unit 4
Alternative Medicine
When you are ill but failed by conventional treatments or suffering chronic conditions, you may try some traditional or alternative therapies as the last resort. What are the merits of such practices? How are they viewed by researchers in the West? This unit reviews the use of these therapies in the U.S., and discusses the development of integrative medicine in the future.
Discussion
• 1. How much do you know about traditional Chinese medicine? • 2. How is TCM different from western medicine?
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Unit Contents
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Listening
Note-taking Symbols
3. laughing in Korean tradition -Laughing is not such a natural thing as the social behavior is dominated by Confucius tradition. - Korean men are taught not to cry more than thrice in their lifetime. -The sound of Korean women’s laughter should not be heard outside the fence of their home. 4. singing as a therapy in Republic of Korea -It is more natural to Koreans. -It is an easier way to express inner feelings, especially for Korean women brought up in a conservative background.
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
• Critical reading and thinking – Topics for presentation – Useful expressions – Difficult sentences
•
Language building-up – Signpost language – Vocabulary test Suggested answers
全世界有关针灸、草药、按摩和太极拳的持续研究 已阐明了中医的有些理论和实践。
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
3 What are the clinical uses of acupuncture? An adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for
post-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting post-operative dental pain addiction stroke rehabilitation headache menstrual cramps tennis elbow fibromyalgia myofascial pain osteoarthritis low back pain carpal tunnel syndrome and asthma
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Listening
Note-taking Symbols
5. the lady transformed by singing class -She came out of severe depression. -She was presented a new career.
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Listening
Note-taking Symbols
Task 2 Watch the video and then take notes according to the following points. You may use the symbols and abbreviations listed above. 1. what the hospital encourages its patients to do -Let loose on their regular basis. -Have a weekly exercise of an hour of laughter to fight depression 2. physiological changes produced by laughing -Blood vessels expand. -Sugar levels drop. -Producing an abundance of hormones linked with happiness and pleasure.
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
4 How should the acupuncture efficacy be assessed?
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Column A C 1. massage I 2. acupuncture H 3. A 4. F 5. J 6. G 7. B 8. Column B A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. 听诊法 气功 推拿 食疗 瑜伽术 问诊 冥想 催眠术 针灸 切脉
hypnosis auscultation interrogation pulse-taking meditation qigong D 9. dietetic therapy E 10.yoga
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Lead-in Suggested answers
Task work in pairs and match the English terms for some unconventional medical practices in column A with their Chinese equivalents in Column B. Then choose one of these practices, and explain to your partner how it works(or does not work) according to your knowledge and experience.
Lead-in Text A
Text B Text C Listening Speaking Writing Get reading for Unit 5
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Lead-in
• Issues to be covered • Suggested answers
Listening
• Note-taking symbols • Task 2
Unit 4 Alternative medicine
Listening
Note-taking Symbols
because therefore, thus, so number unlikely, uncertain, not sure important government for example compare ∵ ∴ NO/# ? N.B. govt. e.g. cf.
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
• Research: TCM framework VS Biomedical Modality Future clinical trials that test acupuncture within the framework of traditional Chinese medicine are likely to provide a more appropriate and clinically meaningful assessment of acupuncture efficacy than the current generation of clinical trials which use a diagnosis framed primarily in biomedical terms