高中化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
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各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
CH
CH3
323
高聚酯
CH3CH2ONa
CH32233
1
(1)CH3CH3+Br2光照CH3CH2Br+HBr
(2)CH2=CH2+H2催化剂
△
CH3CH3
(3)CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br
(4)CH2=CH2+HBr CH3CH2Br
(5)CH2=CH2+H2O浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH
(6)n CH2=CH2催化剂
CH2CH2
n
(7)CH≡CH+H2催化剂
△CH2=CH2
(8)CH≡CH+HCl 催化剂
△CH2=CHCl
(9)CH2CH
Cl
2CH
Cl
n
n
(10)CaC2+2H2O CH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)
2
(11) + Br2催化剂
Br
+ HBr
(12)+ HO-NO22SO4
△NO2
+ H2O
(13)+3H2
催化剂
△
(14)
CH3
+ 3HO-NO22SO4
△
CH3
O2N
2
NO2
+3H2O
(15)
CH3
4
或酸性K2Cr2O7
COOH
(16)2OH+2Na2ONa+H2↑
OH+NaOH ONa+H2O
OH+Na2CO3ONa+NaHCO3
(17)ONa+HCl OH+NaCl
ONa+CO2+H2O OH+NaHCO3
(18)
OH
+3Br2
OH
Br Br
Br
↓+3HBr
(19)2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑
(20)CH3CH2OH
浓H2SO4
CH2=CH2↑+H2O
(21)C2H5-OH+HO-C2H52
SO4
C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O
2
(22)CH3CH2OH+HBr△CH3CH2Br+H2O
(23)2CH3CH2OH+O2催化剂
△
2CH3CHO+2H2O
CH3CH2OH+CuO△CH3CHO+Cu+H2O
(24)2CH3CHO+O2催化剂
△
2CH3COOH
(25)CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH△CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O (26)CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2△CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O
(27)CH3CHO+H2催化剂
△
CH3CH2OH
(28)CH3COOH+HOC2H5浓H2SO4
△
CH3COOC2H5+H2O
(29)CH3COOC2H5+H2O稀H2SO4
△
CH3COOH+C2H5OH
(30)2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2↑
2CH3COOH+Na2O2CH3COONa+H2O
CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa+H2O
2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑
CH3COOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑
(31)CH3COOC2H5+NaOH△CH3COONa+C2H5OH
(32)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△
水
CH3CH2OH+NaBr
(33)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△
乙醇
CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O (34)
CH2Br
CH2Br
+ 2NaOH△
水CH2OH
CH2OH
+2NaBr
(35)CH2BrCH2Br+2NaOH△
乙醇
CH≡CH↑+2NaBr+2H2O (36)
CH2OH
2OH
+O2
催化剂
△
CHO
+2H2O
(37)
CHO
+O2
催化剂
△
COOH
(38)CHO+2H2
催化剂
△
CH2OH
CH2OH (39)
COOH
+
CH2OH
2OH
2SO4
△
C
O
C
O
O O
CH2
CH2
+2H2O (40)n
COOH
COOH
+n
CH2OH
CH2OH
浓H2SO4
△
C
HO
O
C
O
O CH2CH2O H
n
+(2n-1)H2O
3