高中化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系

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各类有机物之间的相互转化关系

CH

CH3

323

高聚酯

CH3CH2ONa

CH32233

1

(1)CH3CH3+Br2光照CH3CH2Br+HBr

(2)CH2=CH2+H2催化剂

CH3CH3

(3)CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br

(4)CH2=CH2+HBr CH3CH2Br

(5)CH2=CH2+H2O浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH

(6)n CH2=CH2催化剂

CH2CH2

n

(7)CH≡CH+H2催化剂

△CH2=CH2

(8)CH≡CH+HCl 催化剂

△CH2=CHCl

(9)CH2CH

Cl

2CH

Cl

n

n

(10)CaC2+2H2O CH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)

2

(11) + Br2催化剂

Br

+ HBr

(12)+ HO-NO22SO4

△NO2

+ H2O

(13)+3H2

催化剂

(14)

CH3

+ 3HO-NO22SO4

CH3

O2N

2

NO2

+3H2O

(15)

CH3

4

或酸性K2Cr2O7

COOH

(16)2OH+2Na2ONa+H2↑

OH+NaOH ONa+H2O

OH+Na2CO3ONa+NaHCO3

(17)ONa+HCl OH+NaCl

ONa+CO2+H2O OH+NaHCO3

(18)

OH

+3Br2

OH

Br Br

Br

↓+3HBr

(19)2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑

(20)CH3CH2OH

浓H2SO4

CH2=CH2↑+H2O

(21)C2H5-OH+HO-C2H52

SO4

C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O

2

(22)CH3CH2OH+HBr△CH3CH2Br+H2O

(23)2CH3CH2OH+O2催化剂

2CH3CHO+2H2O

CH3CH2OH+CuO△CH3CHO+Cu+H2O

(24)2CH3CHO+O2催化剂

2CH3COOH

(25)CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH△CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O (26)CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2△CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O

(27)CH3CHO+H2催化剂

CH3CH2OH

(28)CH3COOH+HOC2H5浓H2SO4

CH3COOC2H5+H2O

(29)CH3COOC2H5+H2O稀H2SO4

CH3COOH+C2H5OH

(30)2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2↑

2CH3COOH+Na2O2CH3COONa+H2O

CH3COOH+NaOH CH3COONa+H2O

2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑

CH3COOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑

(31)CH3COOC2H5+NaOH△CH3COONa+C2H5OH

(32)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△

CH3CH2OH+NaBr

(33)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△

乙醇

CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O (34)

CH2Br

CH2Br

+ 2NaOH△

水CH2OH

CH2OH

+2NaBr

(35)CH2BrCH2Br+2NaOH△

乙醇

CH≡CH↑+2NaBr+2H2O (36)

CH2OH

2OH

+O2

催化剂

CHO

+2H2O

(37)

CHO

+O2

催化剂

COOH

(38)CHO+2H2

催化剂

CH2OH

CH2OH (39)

COOH

+

CH2OH

2OH

2SO4

C

O

C

O

O O

CH2

CH2

+2H2O (40)n

COOH

COOH

+n

CH2OH

CH2OH

浓H2SO4

C

HO

O

C

O

O CH2CH2O H

n

+(2n-1)H2O

3

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