安徽大学考博英语题型分析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第67期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The newly-built Science Building seems（）enough to last a hundred years.问题1选项A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantialD.steady【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项spacious“宽敞的；广阔的”；B选项sophisticated“复杂的；精致的”；C选项substantial“大量的；实质的”；D选项steady“稳定的；稳固的”。
句意：新建的科学馆似乎很……，估计能持续一百年。
根据后面的last a hundred years“持续100年”可以推论出新的建筑物，一定是足够结实，足够坚固的。
因此D选项符合题意。
2.单选题The story was（）; it was completely untrue.问题1选项A.facilitatedB.fascinatedC.fabricatedD.formulated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项facilitated“促进；帮助”；B选项fascinated“使着迷；使陶醉”；C选项fabricated“编造；虚构”；D选项formulated“规划”。
句意：这个故事是……的，完全不真实。
根据后面的评价completely untrue“一点也不真实”，可以知道这个故事是编造而成的。
因此C选项符合题意。
3.单选题I asked the tailor to make a small（）to my trousers because they were too long.问题1选项A.alterationB.variationC.revisionD.change【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项alteration“修改；更改”；B选项variation“变化；变更”；C选项revision“修正；复习”；D选项change“变化；改变”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：19
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Hundreds of chickens are raised in the（）.问题1选项A.exposureB.enclosureC.closureD.pressure【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项exposure“暴露；曝光”；B选项enclosure“附件；围墙”；C选项closure“关闭；终止”；D选项pressure“压力；压迫”。
句意：……里养了数百只小鸡。
句中所说的是圈养小鸡，所以会需要一堵围墙。
因此B选项符合题意。
2.单选题Diana could hardly believe her eyes when she saw in the mirror how pretty she was in that （）dress.问题1选项A.deliberateB.tentativeC.ingeniousD.exquisite【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项deliberate“故意的”；B选项tentative“试验性的，暂定的”；C选项ingenious“新颖的，灵巧的”。
D选项exquisite“精致的”。
句意：当在镜子里看到她穿着那件……的裙子是多么的漂亮时，戴安娜不敢相信自己的眼睛。
空格后dress“裙子”为名词，因此需要填入一个形容词进行修饰。
根据后面的提示how pretty she was“她是多么的漂亮”，由此可知她穿了一条精美的裙子。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education — not to pursue Knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual;” says education writer Diane Ravi tch. “Schools could be a counterbalance—’’ Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Sherries; “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urge have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemp lified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized — going to school and learning to read — so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines,ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellec t is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of（）.38. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are（）.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably（）.40. What does the author think of intellect?问题1选项A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the world.C.Practical abilities for future career.D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.问题2选项A.undervaluing intellectB.favoring intellectualismC.supporting school reformD.suppressing native intelligence问题3选项A.identicalB.similarplementaryD.opposite问题4选项A.A pioneer of education reformB.An opponent of intellectualismC.A scholar in favor of intellectD.An advocate of regular schooling问题5选项A.It is second to intelligence.B.It evolves from common sense.C.It is to be pursued.D.It underlies power.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】36. 推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：66
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题As a country with a long civilized history China is also one big oriental country full of modern vitality, not to mention its unique, rich and varied tourism resources. Besides the picturesque natural scenery, profound history and extensive culture, China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities. Now, there are 29 places that have been listed as World Cultural and Natural Heritages sites. Thanks to the further push by the opening up and reform, China’s modern construction is surging ahead and the cities and the country are experiencing daily changes. The ancient glory of China and its modern boom add radiance and charm to each other, joining to create a most favorable condition for developing our domestic and international tourism.【答案】中国是一个有着悠久文明历史的国家，也是一个充满现代活力的东方大国，更不用说它独特、丰富、多样的旅游资源了。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第11期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题China, the economic powerhouse with a population of more than one billion people, is often at the（）of the news agenda.问题1选项A.forefrontB.edgeC.brinkD.border【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项forefront“前沿；最前线”；B选项edge“边缘”；C选项brink“边缘”；D选项border“边界；边境”。
句意：中国，这个拥有超过10亿人口的经济强国，经常出现在新闻议程的……。
B选项edge一般是用来形容比较窄的边缘。
C选项brink一般是指悬崖峭壁的边缘。
D选项border边界通常用来形容两国之间的边界线与临界点。
而根据关键词news agenda“新闻议程”，中国经常能够占据新闻议程的最前沿。
因此A选项符合题意。
2.单选题All the data sent back from the satellites suggested that an asteroid of about the size of an auditorium（）on its way to our planet.问题1选项A.isB.wasC.wereD.be【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词使用的一致性。
that接在动词后面充当句中的宾语从句。
主句使用的是一般过去式，宾语从句中的谓语动词，应与主句的时态保持一致。
因此空格处应使用be动词的过去式was/were。
从句中的主语是an asteroid“一颗小行星”为单数，所以应使用was。
句意：从卫星发来的所有数据表明一颗像礼堂一样大小的行星正在向我们的星球靠近。
因此B选项符合题意。
3.单选题Woodcarving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art. Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood. At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe—a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool.However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blanchard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapes—an innovation that, made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wood ware—craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand. Some found ready employment in shops of cabinet-makers and chair-makers, while others carved decoys (捕兽的圈套). Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions to make busts(半身像) of prominent citizens.36. This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American（）.37. The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were（）.38. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Thomas Blanchard’s invention, lathes （）.39. Which of the following object was an important wood-working tool used by early American craftsmen?40. According to the passage, when wooden articles began to be mass-produced, what did many individual wood-workers do?问题1选项A.arts and craftsB.political leadersC.logging industriesD.fashion design问题2选项A.not very sophisticatedB.known for doing very quick workC.dependent on imported materialsD.frequented only by fashionable people问题3选项A.were not made of woodB.could not produce square objectsC.were found only in cabin making shopsD.could be used to make most tools and utensils问题4选项A.A bustB.A decoyC.A figureheadD.A chisel问题5选项A.They moved out of Massachusetts.B.They found wood making specialized items.C.They made demands on government leaders.D.They took jobs on ships as sailors.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】36. 推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第41期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Jane Goodall spent decades in the wild（）chimpanzees, much of the time all by herself.问题1选项A.observingB.to observeC.observedD.to be observed【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
sb. spend time/money on sth/in doing sth.，其中in可以省略。
因此空格内应填入动词的ing形式。
句意：珍•古德花了数十年在野外观察黑猩猩，大多时间都是独处。
因此A选项符合题意。
2.单选题Diana could hardly believe her eyes when she saw in the mirror how pretty she was in that （）dress.问题1选项A.deliberateB.tentativeC.ingeniousD.exquisite【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项deliberate“故意的”；B选项tentative“试验性的，暂定的”；C选项ingenious“新颖的，灵巧的”。
D选项exquisite“精致的”。
句意：当在镜子里看到她穿着那件……的裙子是多么的漂亮时，戴安娜不敢相信自己的眼睛。
空格后dress“裙子”为名词，因此需要填入一个形容词进行修饰。
根据后面的提示how pretty she was“她是多么的漂亮”，由此可知她穿了一条精美的裙子。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题The story was（）; it was completely untrue.问题1选项A.facilitatedB.fascinatedC.fabricatedD.formulated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-合肥工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：12
2022年考研考博-考博英语-合肥工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?问题1选项A.senselessB.unimportantC.indifferentD.uninteresting【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项senseless“愚蠢的；无知觉的；无意识的”；B选项unimportant“不重要的；琐碎的”；C选项indifferent“不关心的，冷淡的”；D选项uninteresting“无趣味的；乏味的”。
句意：美国知识分子在他的社会中被排斥，被认为是……，这是真的吗？根据关键信息the American intellectual is rejected“美国知识分子被排斥”，也即是说美国知识分子在他们的社会中很难享有一席之地，因为他们不受重视。
因此B选项符合题意。
2.单选题He was an hour late, but he ______ himself in her eyes by giving her a huge bunch of flowers. 问题1选项A.harassedB.redeemedC.crucifiedD.pestered【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项harass“骚扰，（使）困扰（或烦恼）”，B项redeem“赎回，挽回，兑换”，C项crucify“折磨，十字架上钉死，克制”，D项pester“纠缠，烦扰，使烦恼”。
根据but可知前后语义是转折的关系，由He was an hour late“他迟到了一个小时”可知，but he ______ himself fin her eyes应该表示“挽回自己的形象”符合语境，redeem oneself表示“挽回声誉、形象，自赎”。
考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析-考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧【圣才出品】
第一部分考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧一、考试要求阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）是博士生入学英语考试的重要组成部分，该题型一直是各院校考查的重点，为每年必考题型而且比重最大（个别院校除外），分值比重一般为30%或40%（电子科技大学达到50%）。
为了顺利通过博士生入学英语考试，考生必须高度重视阅读理解能力的训练和提高。
（一）测试要求在国家教育部颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》中关于“读”的能力要求为：掌握并能运用各项阅读技能（如概括中心思想，猜词悟意，预见，推理和推论等），具有语法水平上的分析能力。
能较顺利地阅读并正确理解有相当难度的一般性题材文章和其他读物，达到每分钟60-70个词，读后能够理解中心思想及内容。
计时阅读难度略低，生词不超过总词数2%的材料，速度达到每分钟100-120个词，读后能理解中心思想及主要内容。
总阅读量：精读30000个词左右，泛读80000个词左右。
原国家教委发布的《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》（试行稿）明确指出，阅读理解的测试目的主要是考查学生通过阅读材料获取信息的能力，要求考生在快速阅读材料的同时，能够正确地理解材料的意思。
具体而言，阅读理解主要测试考生如下几方面的能力：（1）所掌握词汇量的深度和广度，准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中特定含义的能力；（2）迅速总结所读材料的中心思想和段落大意，并找出一些表露作者观点的关键句子的能力；（3）对所读材料各段落之间的逻辑意义进行判断、推理和引申的能力；（4）注意一些对理解全文或某个关键句子起着重要的作用的细节问题的能力；（5）领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度，或者从阅读材料所隐含的意思中推断出作者的观点和态度的能力。
总之，阅读理解部分不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求考生注意文中细节；不但要求对具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理；既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题，又要求考生能运用应有的常识去分析、理解问题。
2023全国博士英语考试题型
2023全国博士英语考试题型全国博士英语考试是获得博士学位的重要环节之一，其考试内容涵盖了英语听、说、读、写、译等多个方面。
以下是2023年全国博士英语考试的题型及分析，以供参考。
一、听力理解听力理解部分主要测试考生理解英语学术讲座和对话的能力。
该部分共20道题，每道题1分，总分为20分。
考试时间为30分钟。
听力材料的难度较高，涉及的领域广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学等。
考生需要具备较强的听力技巧和快速理解能力，才能准确把握听力材料的主旨和细节。
二、阅读理解阅读理解部分主要测试考生阅读并理解英语学术文章的能力。
该部分共20道题，每道题2分，总分为40分。
考试时间为50分钟。
阅读文章的题材和难度与学术论文相似，涉及的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。
考生需要具备较强的阅读技巧和批判性思维能力，才能准确把握文章的主旨和细节，并做出正确的推理判断。
三、翻译翻译部分主要测试考生将英语学术文章翻译成汉语的能力。
该部分共2道题，每道题10分，总分为20分。
考试时间为30分钟。
翻译文章的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。
考生需要具备较强的翻译技巧和语言表达能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识，才能准确传达原文的意思。
四、写作写作部分主要测试考生撰写英语学术论文的能力。
该部分共1道题，总分为20分。
考试时间为40分钟。
写作题目要求考生就某一主题撰写一篇学术论文，要求结构清晰、逻辑严密、语言准确、表达流畅。
考生需要具备较强的学术素养和写作技巧，同时还需要了解相关领域的学术规范和写作要求。
总体来说，2023年全国博士英语考试的难度较高，对考生的英语水平和学术素养要求较高。
考生需要通过系统的备考和训练，全面提高自己的英语听、说、读、写、译能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识和学术规范，才能顺利通过考试。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：9
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题All the people present agreed that she’d done a superb job promoting the new product and that she（）every word of the praise from her colleagues.问题1选项A.placedB.presentedC.bestowedD.deserved【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项placed“放置；任命”；B选项presented“提出；展现”；C选项bestowed“赋予；授予”；D选项deserved“值得；应得”。
句意：所有在场的人都一致认为她很出色地完成了营销新产品的工作，同事们对她的每一句赞美都是她……的。
因为她出色的完成了工作，她应该得到所有的赞美和荣誉。
故D选项符合题意。
2.单选题The old house at the end of the street has recently been（）.问题1选项A.pulledB.leveledC.erasedD.demolished【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项pulled“拉；牵引”；B选项leveled“瞄准；拉平”；C选项erased“抹去；擦掉”；D选项demolished“拆毁；破坏”。
句意：街尾的那座老房子最近被……了。
句中的old house“老房子”最近被拆迁了。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题The sewage system of the city（）the water so that swimming was forbidden.问题1选项A.dilutedB.culminatedC.contaminatedD.diverted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项diluted“稀释；削弱”；B选项culminated“使结束；达到顶点”；C选项contaminated“污染；弄脏”；D选项diverted“转移；使……转向”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第47期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I regret having left the work unfinished; I（）everything ahead carefully.问题1选项A.should planB.plannedC.must planD.should have planned【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。
由前一句I regret having left the work unfinished“我很遗憾没完成工作”可以知道实际上在过去对工作没有提前计划，因此后半句I…everything ahead carefully应该用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反的情况，应该使用现在完成时should have done表示过去本应该做而没有做，故可排除A，B，C选项。
句意：我很遗憾工作没完成，我本应该提前仔细规划好一切。
因此D选项符合题意。
2.单选题In my eyes, the old generation is always（）.问题1选项A.economicB.costlyC.expensiveD.thrifty【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项economic“经济的；经济学的”；B选项costly“昂贵的；代价高的”；C选项expensive“昂贵的”；D选项thrifty“节检的；节约的”。
句意：在我眼里，老一辈总是……的。
关键词the old generation老一辈的消费观偏向于节约。
故选D。
3.单选题The boy who is talking with your teacher is（）an athlete.问题1选项A.anything butB.none butC.all butD.something but【答案】A【解析】考查词组搭配。
A选项anything but“根本不；绝不”；B选项none but“只是；仅”；C选项all but“几乎；差不多”；D选项something but没有此类搭配。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第23期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The old house at the end of the street has recently been（）.问题1选项A.pulledB.leveledC.erasedD.demolished【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项pulled“拉；牵引”；B选项leveled“瞄准；拉平”；C选项erased“抹去；擦掉”；D选项demolished“拆毁；破坏”。
句意：街尾的那座老房子最近被……了。
句中的old house“老房子”最近被拆迁了。
因此D选项符合题意。
2.单选题Diana could hardly believe her eyes when she saw in the mirror how pretty she was in that （）dress.问题1选项A.deliberateB.tentativeC.ingeniousD.exquisite【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项deliberate“故意的”；B选项tentative“试验性的，暂定的”；C选项ingenious“新颖的，灵巧的”。
D选项exquisite“精致的”。
句意：当在镜子里看到她穿着那件……的裙子是多么的漂亮时，戴安娜不敢相信自己的眼睛。
空格后dress“裙子”为名词，因此需要填入一个形容词进行修饰。
根据后面的提示how pretty she was“她是多么的漂亮”，由此可知她穿了一条精美的裙子。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题More than 20 years after the mysterious disappearance of her newly-wed husband, Rose was still haunted by the（）memories of their happy days together.问题1选项A.poisonousB.passiveC.poignantD.pessimistic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
考博英语题型
考博英语题型一、阅读理解阅读理解是考博英语中的重要部分，主要考察考生对英文文献的阅读、理解和分析能力。
通常包括两篇长篇文章和若干段短文，总阅读量在3000字左右。
长篇文章通常涉及学术领域的内容，如社会科学、人文科学等，而短文则可能涉及新闻、广告、说明书等不同题材。
阅读理解的题目类型包括选择题、判断题、填空题等，要求考生在理解文章内容的基础上，根据问题进行分析和判断。
二、词汇和语法词汇和语法部分主要考察考生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力。
题目通常包括词汇选择题、填空题、改错题等，要求考生掌握一定数量的英语词汇，能够正确运用语法规则进行句子表达。
考生需要通过大量的词汇和语法练习，提高自己的语言运用能力，掌握常见的词汇和表达方式。
三、完形填空完形填空是一种综合性的语言测试题型，主要考察考生对英语语篇的理解和组织。
题目通常给出一篇短文，其中若干个空格需要填写适当的单词或短语。
考生需要根据上下文语境、语法规则和词汇意义等方面进行分析，选择最合适的答案。
完形填空要求考生具备较强的语篇理解和组织能力，以及对英语语言细节的关注。
四、翻译翻译部分主要考察考生对英语和汉语之间的翻译能力。
题目通常包括英译中和中译英两种类型，要求考生能够准确地将英文或中文文献翻译成另一种语言，并保持原文的语义和风格。
考生需要通过大量的翻译练习，提高自己的语言转换能力，了解不同文化背景下的语言表达方式和习惯。
五、写作写作部分主要考察考生对英文写作的掌握和应用能力。
题目通常给定一个主题或情境，要求考生根据要求写出一篇结构完整、语言流畅的短文。
写作类型可能包括议论文、说明文、应用文等不同形式，要求考生具备较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
考生需要通过大量的写作练习，提高自己的英文写作水平，掌握常见的写作技巧和表达方式。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第36期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be（）, and display interest in the job.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项swift“迅速的；敏捷的”；B选项instant“立即的；紧迫的”；C选项timely“及时的；适时的”；D选项punctual“准时的；守时的”。
句意：为了给未来的雇主留下印象，职员应该穿戴整洁，……，显示对工作的兴趣。
目的是impress a future employer“给未来雇主留下好的印象”，应该要dress neatly“穿戴整洁”，be punctual“守时的”，而且显示出对这份工作的兴趣。
就像是一场面试，最重要的还是要守时。
因此D选项符合题意。
2.单选题Man is realizing that the oceans are（）controlling factors in the weather.问题1选项A.a relevantB.an influentialC.an inseparableD.a principal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项relevant“相关的；切题的；中肯的”；B选项influential“有影响力的；有势力的”；C选项inseparable“不可分割的；不能分离的”；D选项principal“主要的；资本的；n.校长；资本”。
句意：人类正意识到，海洋是天气的……的控制因素。
七分海洋，三分大陆。
根据常理可知应是影响天气的主要因素。
故选D。
3.单选题The security guard（）two men who were yelling in the courtroom.问题1选项A.expelledB.propelledC.repelledD.dispelled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧一、事实细节题1．命题规律1）列举处指的是first…,second,…third…等并列关系词出现的部分2）举例和打比方的地方常考3）指示代词出现处常考4）引用人物论断处常考5）特殊标点符号后的内容常考。
破折号，括号，冒号，引号2答题技巧1）针对例子、引言、特殊符号，要对号入座2）针对某一段的内容提问3）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的一般是答案4）选项中较具体和肤浅地表达了字面意思地一般不是答案，而概括性地、抽象、含义深刻地是答案项5）选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的，可能为答案6）答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案7）选项中符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是答案8）细节干扰项特点：与原句内容相反与原文内容一般相同一半不同1与原句内容相似但过于绝对化原文没有提到二、判断词汇和短语的意义题1命题规律1）含有指示代词的句中常有被考察词汇2）具体环境中具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇3）一词多义的常见词4）对比处常考5）复杂句常考2应试技巧1）看所考词汇与全篇文章主题的关系，关系相近符合主题的是答案2）通过连接词关系判断被考词汇含义–And表接近和递进–Or表示相反或进一步解释和说明3）选项含义与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案4）利用被考词的修饰、限定成分判断其含义5）定冠词the+被考词汇，前句有解6）选项内容全面、概括性强的一般是答案三、推理判断题1命题规律1）综合性推论和判断题常会围绕文章出题，归纳篇首、篇尾及段落中的主题句2）合性推论和判断题还可围绕文章若干段落进行，要求推论和判断段落间的关系3）对支持主题思想的细节部分进行判断推理4）文章和段落的开头处，尤其是文章结尾总结处常被考5）语义转折处常考2应试技巧1）若要求对某段内容进行判断、推论，那么就只看提干要求做答的那一段2）选项措辞过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项3）合乎常理的选项一般是答案项，照抄原文和对文中做字面解释的则不是答案4）弄清主题思想5）逻辑推理题干扰项特点不是在文章事实基础上进行推理推理过头，概括过度四、主旨大意题1命题规律1）段首、段尾句常考2）特殊标点符号，尤其段首的特殊符号的内容往往表达了作者的论点3）语义转折处，尤其在段首的语义转折处常是考点4）因果句常考2应试技巧1）答案很可能在首尾段2）出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词3）判断选项内容，片面、单一的内容应排除4）主旨大意题干扰项特点只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开的化，或是某一段的内容概括范围太宽无关信息五、观点态度题1命题规律1）涉及文章中心思想处易考2）作者提出观点处易考3）语义转折和强对比处易考4）文章中有复杂句、特殊句型处易考2应试技巧1）辨别文体议论文中心句说明文中立描述性文找暗示性短语和词汇2）分析段落大意，分析文章走向3）区分不同的观点注意直接引语和间接引语In my view,in my opinion,personally,I think,I hold4)分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词褒义词positive,supporting,praising,optimistic,admiring,interesting,humorous,serious,enthusiastic,pleasant,polite,concerned,sober贬义词Disgusted,critical,negative,suspicious, tolerant,worried,pessimistic,depressed, disappointed,ironic,sarcastic,bitter, cynical,sentimental,emotional,angry中性词Indifferent,impassive,uninterested, ambivalent,neutral,impersonal,subjective, objective,informative,impartial,apathetic 文体鉴别词Formal,informal,casual。
全国各大院校考博英语试题题型汇总
人民大学： Part 1 词汇20%(40题);
中国考博辅导首选学校
Part 2 阅读理解 30% (30题，6篇) Part 3 翻译 E-C 10%;C-E 10% Part 4 写作 A letter 10% B essay 20% 清华大学 Part 1 词汇20%(40题); Part 2 阅读理解 40% (20题，5篇) Part 3 完形10% 20题 Part 4 翻译 E-C 10%; Part5 写作 20% 不少于300字 北京师范大学： Part 1 听力 15% Section A Section B: 07年 Section A 5statements Section B 5 short conversation Section C 1 interview 08年 Section A 5 news reports 对题项判断正误 Section B Tolk one/two Talks and questions Part 2阅读理解 30% (30题，6篇) Part 3 翻译和写作 55% Section A 翻译40%： E-C C-E Section B 写作 15% summary 120-150字 北京航空航天大学 Part1 听力 20分 SectionA 10分 SectionB 10分 passage Part 2 阅读理解 30分 4篇 Part3 vocabulary 10分 Part4 cloze 10分 Part5 translation 15分 translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Part6 15分 150字 中南大学： 卷一：Part 1 英语应用 词汇10%(20题);完形10%(20题) Part 2 阅读理解 40% (20题，5篇) 卷二：Part 3 翻译 英译汉10%(划线部分);汉译英10%(一段)
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：12
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题China, the economic powerhouse with a population of more than one billion people, is often at the（）of the news agenda.问题1选项A.forefrontB.edgeC.brinkD.border【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项forefront“前沿；最前线”；B选项edge“边缘”；C选项brink“边缘”；D选项border“边界；边境”。
句意：中国，这个拥有超过10亿人口的经济强国，经常出现在新闻议程的……。
B选项edge一般是用来形容比较窄的边缘。
C选项brink一般是指悬崖峭壁的边缘。
D选项border边界通常用来形容两国之间的边界线与临界点。
而根据关键词news agenda“新闻议程”，中国经常能够占据新闻议程的最前沿。
因此A选项符合题意。
2.单选题Most people left and the（）sat down to wait.问题1选项A.remnantsB.remedyC.remainsD.remainder【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项remnants“残余；残留物”；B选项remedy“补救；解决办法”；C选项remains“残余物；剩饭菜”；D选项remainder“残余；剩余物”。
句意：大部分人都离开了，……坐着等。
remnants一般是指残余部分、残迹。
remains一般是指古迹，遗迹；遗骸等。
句中的主语是人，大部分都走了，还有一部分剩下的人坐着等。
remainder做名词时侧重于人和钱的剩余。
因此D选项符合题意。
3.单选题It was so scorchingly hot that the water droplets falling on it didn’t stay at all. They just（）.问题1选项A.evacuatedB.evaporatedC.eliminatedD.escaped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
考博英语题型
考博英语题型
【原创版】
目录
1.考博英语概述
2.考博英语的题型及分值分布
3.各种题型的备考策略
4.总结
正文
一、考博英语概述
考博英语，全称为博士研究生入学考试英语科目，是我国博士研究生招生全国统一考试的一部分。
其主要目的是测试考生的英语语言应用能力，以确保考生具备良好的英语水平，能够适应博士研究生阶段的学习和科研工作。
考博英语考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，其中笔试是主要的考试形式。
二、考博英语的题型及分值分布
考博英语笔试部分主要包括以下几种题型：
1.阅读理解（占总分值的 20%）
2.完形填空（占总分值的 10%）
3.翻译（占总分值的 15%）
4.写作（占总分值的 25%）
5.语法与词汇（占总分值的 10%）
6.逻辑与推理（占总分值的 10%）
三、各种题型的备考策略
1.阅读理解：提高阅读速度和理解能力，注重文章的主旨和细节。
可以通过多阅读英文文章和进行模拟练习来提高。
2.完形填空：注重词汇和语法的积累，分析句子结构，理解上下文。
可以多做真题练习，总结规律。
3.翻译：中英文互译都需要掌握。
注意翻译时要忠实原文，表达通顺。
可以通过翻译练习和积累词汇短语来提高。
4.写作：熟悉各类作文类型，注重文章结构和逻辑。
多进行写作练习，积累素材和表达。
5.语法与词汇：系统学习英语语法，积累词汇，加强练习。
6.逻辑与推理：提高逻辑思维能力，熟悉题型，多进行练习。
四、总结
考博英语考试对考生的英语语言应用能力有较高要求，需要考生在各个方面都具备一定的实力。
考博英语-532
考博英语-532(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：4，分数：30.00)The antigen-antibody immunological reaction used to be regarded as typical of immunological responses. Antibodies are proteins synthesized by specialized cells called plasma cells, which are funned by lymphocytes (cells from the lymph system when an antigen, a substance foreign to the organism's body, comes in contact with lymphocytes. Two important manifestations of antigen- antibody immunity are lysis, the rapid physical rupture of antigenic cells and the liberation of their contents into the surrounding medium, and phagocytosis, a process in which antigenic particles are engulfed by and very often digested by macrophages and polymorphs. The process of lysis is executed by a complex and unstable blood constituent known as complement, which will not work unless it is activated by a specific antibody; the process of pbagocytosis is greatly facilitated when the particles to be engulfed are coated by a specific antibody directed against them.The reluctance to abandon this hypothesis, however well it explains specific processes, impeded new research, and for many years antigens and antibodies dominated the thoughts of immunologists so completely that those immunologists overlooked certain difficulties. Perhaps the primary difficulty with the antigen-antibody explanation is the informational problem of how an antigen is recognized and how a structure exactly complementary to it is then synthesized. When molecular biologists discovered, moreover, that such information cannot flow from protein to protein, hut only from nucleic acid to protein, the theory that an antigen itself provided the mold that directed the synthesis of an antibody had to be seriously qualified. The attempts at qualification and the information provided by research in molecular biology led scientists to realize that a second immunological reaction is mediated through the lymphocytes that are hostile to and bring about the destruction of the antigen. This type of immunological response is called cell- mediated immunity.Recent research in cell-mediated immunity has been concerned not only with the development of new and better vaccines, but also with the problem of transplanting tissues and organs from one organism to another, for although circulating antibodies play a part in the rejection of transplanted tissues, the primary role is played by cell-mediated reactions. During cell-mediated responses, receptor sites on specific lymphoeytes and surface antigens on the foreign tissue cells form a complex that binds the lymphocytes to the tissue. Such lymphocytes do not give rise to antibody- producing plasma cells but themselves bring about the death of the foreign-tissue cells, probably by secreting a variety of substances, some of which are toxic to the tissue cells and some of which stimulate increased phagocyte activity by white blood cells of the macrophage type. Cell-mediated immunity also accounts for the destruction of intracellular parasites.（分数：7.50）(1).The passage suggests that scientists might not have developed the theory of cell-mediated immunological reactions if______.（分数：1.50）A.proteins existed in specific group typesB.proteins could have been shown to direct the synthesis of other proteins √C.antigens were always destroyed by proteinsD.antibodies were composed only of protein解析：(2).The author argues that the antigen-antibody explanation of immunity "had to be seriously qualified" because______.（分数：1.50）A.antibodies were found to activate unstable components in the bloodB.antigens are not exactly complementary to antibodies √C.lymphocytes have the ability to bind to the surface of antigensD.antibodies are synthesized from protein whereas antigens are made from nucleic acid解析：(3).The author most probably believes that the antigen-antibody theory of immunological reaction______.（分数：1.50）A.is wrongB.was accepted without evidenceC.is unverifiableD.is a partial explanation √解析：(4).The author mentions all of the following as being involved in antigen-antibody immunological reactions EXCEPT the______.（分数：1.50）A.synthesis of a proteinB.activation of complement in the bloodstreamC.destruction of antibodies √D.entrapment of antigens by macrophages解析：(5).The author supports the theory of cell-mediated reactions primarily by ______.（分数：1.50）A.pointing out a contradiction in the assumption leading to the antigen-antibody theory √B.explaining how cell mediation accounts for phenomena that the antigen-antibody theory cannot account forC.revealing new data that scientists arguing for the antigen-antibody theory have continued to ignoreD.showing that the antigen-antibody theory fails to account for the breakup of antigens解析：Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And ff scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundredbillion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on the earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.（分数：7.50）(1).Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ______.（分数：1.50）A.the use of machines to produce science fictionB.the wide use of machines in manufacturing industryC.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work √D.the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work解析：(2).The word "gizmos" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means ______.（分数：1.50）A.programsB.expertsC.devices √D.creatures解析：(3).According to the passage, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can______.（分数：1.50）A.fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB.interact with human beings verballyC.have a little common senseD.respond independently to a changing world √解析：(4).Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ______.（分数：1.50）A.make a few decisions for themselvesB.deal with some errors with human intervention √C.improve factory environmentsD.cultivate human creativity解析：(5).The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ______.（分数：1.50）A.expected to copy human brain in internal structureB.able to perceive abnormalities immediatelyC.far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information √D.best used in a controlled environment解析：About twice every century, one of the massive stars in our galaxy blows itself apart in a supernova explosion that sends massive quantities of radiation and matter into space and generates shock waves that sweep through the arms (a narrow extension of a larger area, mass, or group) of the galaxy. The shock waves heat the interstellar gas, evaporate small clouds, and compress larger ones to the point at which they collapse under their own gravity to form new stars. The general picture that has been developed for the supernova explosion and its aftermath goes something like this. Throughout its evolution, a star is much like a leaky balloon. It keeps its equilibrium figure through a balance of internal pressure against the tendency to collapse under its own weight. The pressure is generated by nuclear reactions in the core of the star which must continuallysupply energy to balance the energy that leaks out in the form of radiation. Eventually the nuclear fuel is exhausted, and the pressure drops in the core. With nothing to hold it up, the matter in the center of the star collapses inward, creating higher and higher densities and temperatures, until the nuclei and electrons are fused into a super-dense lump of matter known as a neutron star.As the overlying layers rain down on the surface of the neutron star, the temperature rises, until with a blinding flash of radiation, the collapse is reversed. A thermonuclear shock wave runs through the now expanding stellar envelope, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones and producing a brilliant visual outburst that can be as intense as the light of 10 billion suns. The shell of matter thrown off by the explosion plows through the surrounding gas, producing an expanding bubble of hot gas, with gas temperatures in the millions of degrees. This gas will emit most of its energy at X-ray wavelengths, so it is not surprising that X-ray observatories have provided some of the most useful insights into the nature of the supernova phenomenon. More than twenty supernova remnants have now been detected in X-ray studies.Recent discoveries of meteorites with anomalous concentrations of certain isotopes indicate that a supernova might have precipitated the' birth of our solar system more than four and a half billion years ago, Although the cloud that collapsed to form the sun and the planets was composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, it also contained carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, elements essential for life as we know it. Elements heavier than helium are manufactured deep in the interior of stars and would, for the most part, remain there if it were not for the cataclysmic supernova explosions that blow giant stars apart. Additionally, supernovas produce clouds of high- energy particles called cosmic rays. These high-energy particles continually bombard the earth and are responsible for many of the genetic mutations that are the driving force of the evolution of species.（分数：7.50）(1).Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage?（分数：1.50）A.The Origins and Effects of Supernovas. √B.The Life and Death of Stars.C.The Origins and Evolution of Life on the Earth.D.The Aftermath of a Supernov解析：(2).According to the passage, we can expect a supernova to occur in our galaxy ______.（分数：1.50）A.about twice each yearB.hundreds of times each centuryC.about once every fifty years √D.about once every other century解析：(3).According to the passage a neutron star is ______.（分数：1.50）A.a gaseous cloud containing heavy elementsB.an intermediate stage between an ordinary star and a supernova √C.the residue that is left by a supernovaD.the core of an ordinary star that houses the thermonuclear reactions解析：(4).Which of the following methods does the author employ to develop the first paragraph?（分数：1.50）A.Analogy. √B.Deduction.C.Generalization.D.Exampl解析：(5).The author implies that ______.（分数：1.50）A.it is sometimes easier to detect supernovas by observation of the X-ray spectrum than by observation of visible wavelengths of light √B.life on the earth is endangered by its constant exposure to radiation forces that are released by a supernovaC.recently discovered meteorites indicate that the earth and other planets of our solar system survived the explosion of a supernova several billion years agoD.lighter elements are formed from heavier elements during a supernova as the heavier elements are torn apart解析：The uniqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions and selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as the 1860s, there were counter movements to the traditional orientation. Yukichi Fukuzawa, the most eloquent spokesman of Japan's "Enlightenment", claimed: "The Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the spiritual sphere." Fukuzawa's great influence is found in the free and individualistic philosophy of the Education Code of 1872, but he was not able to prevent the government from turning back to the canons of Confucian thought in the Imperial Rescript of 1890. Another interlude of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democratic idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intellectuals and, especially students; but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again in the early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant, largely as a result of failing economic conditions.Following the end of World War II, substantial changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restraints. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not immediately embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were dominated by group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar.Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social and political life; yet, there is no universally accepted and stable value system. Values are constantly modified by strong infusions of Western ideas, both democratic and Marxist. School textbooks expound democratic principles, emphasizing equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition; but in practice these values arc often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic ones.Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but vestiges of the old order remain. An important feature of relationships in many institutions such as political parties, large corporations, and university faculties is the oyabun-kobun or parent-child relation. A party leader, supervisor, or professor, in return for loyalty, protects those subordinate to him and takes general responsibility for their interests throughout their entire lives, an obligation that sometimes even extends to arranging marriages. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his patron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kohun creates ladders of mobility which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As aconsequence, there is little horizontal relationship between people even within the same profession.（分数：7.50）(1).The author is mainly concerned with ______.（分数：1.50）A.explaining the influence of Confucianism on modem JapanB.analyzing the reasons for Japan's postwar economic successC.discussing some important determinants of Japanese values √D.describing managerial practices in Japanese industry解析：(2).Which of the following is most like the relationship of the oyabun-kobun described in the passage?（分数：1.50）A.A political candidate and the voting public.B.A gifted scientist and his protege. √C.Two brothers who are partners in a business.D.A judge presiding at the trial of a criminal defendant.解析：(3).It can be inferred that the Imperial Rescript of 1890 ______.（分数：1.50）A.was a protest by liberals against the lack of individual liberty in JapanB.marked a return in government policies to conservative values √C.implemented the ideals set forth in the Education Code of 1872D.was influenced by the Leninist ideology of the Bolshevik Revolution解析：(4).The author implies that ______.（分数：1.50）A.decisions about promotions are often based on personal feelings √B.students and intellectuals do not understand the basic tenets of Western democracyC.Western values have completely overwhelmed traditional Japanese attitudesD.respect for authority was introduced into Japan following World War II解析：(5).Which of the following methods does the author employ to develop the passage?（分数：1.50）A.Introducing an analogy.B.Defining a term. √C.Presenting statistics.D.Citing an authority.解析：二、Part Ⅱ Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.This popular sports car is now being ______ at the rate of a thousands per week.（分数：0.50）A.turned downB.turned out √C.turned upD.turned on解析：2.Max, a student of Chinese literature from Australia, is very ______ Beijing oper（分数：0.50）A.A. fond inB. fond forC. keen forD. keen on解析：3.There's little chance that mankind would______ a nuclear war.（分数：0.50）A.retainB.endureC.maintainD.survive √解析：4.Their request was ______ and consequently rejected.（分数：0.50）A.ridiculous √B.excessiveC.feasibleD.harsh解析：5.The bridge looked so unsafe that we all______.（分数：0.50）A.hung upB.hung aroundC.hung back √D.hung onto解析：6.This development is______ with the company's aims of reducing its costs.（分数：0.50）A.convenientB.controversialC.conventionalD.consistent √解析：7.The family looked on ______ as their house bummed down.（分数：0.50）plaininglyB.carefullyC.strangelyD.helplessly √解析：8.The governor's ______ remarks caused his political party much embarrassment.（分数：0.50）A.forcefulB.impromptu √C.rehearsedD.unrestrained解析：9.The pilgrims came to America after being ______ for their religious beliefs.（分数：0.50）A.punishedB.excusedC.imprisonedD.persecuted √解析：10.You really ought to ______; all these late nights are doing you no good.（分数：0.50）A.bring downB.slow downC.pull through √D.pass through解析：11.I admire the way she's still so cheerful after all she has ______.（分数：0.50）A.gone byB.gone offC.gone through √D.gone for解析：12.Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ______ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.（分数：0.50）A.rejectsB.denies √C.deprivesD.restricts解析：13.Soon after he left the hospital, his lung cancer ______again.（分数：0.50）A.flared up √B.caught upC.sprang upD.came back解析：14.He was given imprisonment without the ______ a fine.（分数：0.50）A.punishmentB.requestC.freedom to choose √D.demand解析：15.Patty Sheehan, the 1983 Ladies Professional Golf Association Player of the Year, is known for her______ and self-reliance.（分数：0.50）A.persistence √B.prudenceC.constancyD.perfectionism解析：16.It's going to be two months before I ______ my full strength.（分数：0.50）A.repealB.restoreC.recover √D.return解析：17.His parents began to ______ a small sum of money every month for his college education when he was still a little child.（分数：0.50）A.put upy downC.set aside √D.place apart解析：18.Researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to the actions almost as consistent and______ as language.（分数：0.50）prehensiveprehensibleC.observantD.conceivable √解析：19.Located in Washington D. C. the library of Congress contains an______ array of books on every conceivable subject.（分数：0.50）A.extensiveB.impressive √C.obviousD.insignificant解析：20.A dog's most ______sense is that of smell.（分数：0.50）A.remarkableB.enviableC.noticeableD.significant √解析：21.His long service with the company was ______ with a present.（分数：0.50）A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.attributed √D.accepted解析：22.A laser beam is used to ______even the hardest substance.（分数：0.50）A.light upB.repairC.identifyD.penetrate √解析：23.The rule only applies to nationals of the country, as ______ from foreign visitors.（分数：0.50）A.distinct √B.distinctiveC.distinguishableD.distinguished解析：24.They ______ due praise to him for exceeding his fellow workers in production.（分数：0.50）A.matchedB.sublimedC.awarded √D.revealed解析：25.We are extremely ______ to anything that reflects of us personally, good or had.（分数：0.50）A.senselessB.sensationalC.sensitive √D.sensible解析：26.Florida's______ warm climate and plentiful rainfall make the state a center of citrus productions,（分数：0.50）A.perennially √B.world-famousC.predictablyD.impressively解析：27.It usually takes some time to ______ the shock of somebody' s death.（分数：0.50）A.overcome √B.do withoutC.ignoreD.deal with解析：28.The ______ was typical of the Lake District, with high mountains, lakes, and deep valleys.（分数：0.50）A.sceneB.sceneryC.viewndscape √解析：29.It is unwise for the government to ______ the growing dissatisfaction with its economic policies.（分数：0.50）A.overlookB.ignore √C.neglectD.omit解析：30.The university generously offered the ______ of its grounds and buildings.（分数：0.50）A.hospitality √B.excellenceC.discomfortD.resemblance'解析：三、Part Ⅲ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone (51) making mistakes. It is actually caused by (52) of your "body clock"—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological (53) .The body clock is designed for a (54) rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when i (55) daylight and darkness at the "wrong'' times in a new time zone. The (56) of jetlag often persist for days (57) the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is (58) that is based on proven (59) pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has (60) a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone(61) controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates(62) of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either (63) or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule (64) light exposure depends a great deal on (65) travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individual's sleep (66) are used to produce a Trip Guide with (67) on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.When the Trip Guide calls (68) bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark out-side, or the weather is bad, (69) you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light (70) for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：to）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：disruption）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：functions）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：regular）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：encounters）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：symptoms）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：while）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：available）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：tentative）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：devised）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：through）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：most）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：retrieve）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：for）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：specific）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：pattern）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：instructions）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：for）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：or）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：acceleration）解析：四、Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation(总题数：1，分数：15.00)In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.71. Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.72. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：1
2022年考研考博-考博英语-安徽大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Since there was no place to take shelter, we got（）in the sudden downpour in no time.问题1选项A.stainedB.soakedC.sprayedD.sticky【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项stained“玷污的”；C选项sprayed“被喷成雾状的”；D选项sticky“粘性的”。
句意：由于没有地方躲避，我们立即被突然而至的倾盆大雨……了。
可根据关键词downpour倾盆大雨，和前面的no place进行联想猜测。
B选项soaked“湿透的”更符合语境。
故选B。
2.单选题North Korea has（）ties with South Korea, except the Kaesong Zone, a joint venture between the two Koreas, readying itself for a state of the war.问题1选项A.savoredB.severedC.segmentedD.segregated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项savored“尽情享受；欣赏”；B选项severed“断绝；分离”；C选项segmented“分割；分裂”；D选项segregated“使隔离；使分离”。
句意：除了开城工业区这个两国的合资企业，北朝鲜已经……与南韩的联系，准备进入战争状态。
B，C，D选项都有分离的意思，由后面的名词ties“纽带；联系”，可知句中是指断开两国之间的联系。
severed就有断绝关系或者断开联系的意思。
因此B选项符合题意。
3.单选题Hardly（）opened the letter（）rushed out of the house, wild with joy.问题1选项A.did he, when heB.had he, when heC.had he, did heD.did he, he when【答案】B【解析】考查部分倒装。
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2015安徽大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
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二、安徽大学考博英语题型Part1:词汇和结构,25分,25道题Part2:阅读理解,40分4篇20个小题Part3:完形填空,20分20小题Part4:翻译,英译汉5分,汉译英10分Part6:写作,10分三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。
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2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。
因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。
如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征：(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段，听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见，对于考博阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析：（1）主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
（2）常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢？通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。
也许，在做考博阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况，较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
（3）暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心；对于非中心，考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：1）所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2）转折和因果。
在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如：because，for，but，however……3）表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以平时应做好积累。
例如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，according to，find，think，believe，show，point out，content，acclaim，say等4）特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、（）、“”等。
5）情态动词。
should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。
6）特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。
7）有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。
（4）选项特点1）正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述；原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。
e、具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。
2）干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文，个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语，如only，always，never，all，everything，anything，everywhere，everybody，nobody。
g、逻辑错误，因果颠倒等。
最后，育明考博提醒：要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上，从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。
平时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上，试题上最好不要标注答案，以后再练习时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步，看到自己的不足。