30.动词的-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语
作状语的动词-ing形式具有副词特性。
根据意义，动词-ing形式可作“原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随”等状语。
一、放在句首的动词-ing形式短语根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句首时可作“原因、时间、条件、让步”等状语。
如：Being blind，they cannot use computers.因为是盲人, 他们不能使用计算机。
（原因）Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning.一到学校，孩子们就开始大扫除。
（时间）Hearing the news，we all jumped with joy.一听到这个消息，我们就快乐地跳了起来。
（时间）Being clever enough, you should ask me for more advice.即使你充足聪明，也应该征求我的建议。
（让步）二、放在句末的动词-ing形式短语根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句末时可作“结果、伴随”状语，或补充说明谓语的具体情况。
如：Her parents moved to Shanghai, leaving the house to her.她的父母亲搬到了上海，把房子留给了她。
（说明谓语动词动作发生后产生的结果）The monkey shouted at us，showing its teeth.那猴子露出牙齿对着我们大喊大叫。
（说明谓语动词动作发生的方式）The students walked along the road，talking and laughing.学生们沿着大路一边走，一边说笑。
（说明谓语动词动作发生时还伴随着另一个次要的动作）She works in the manager’s office, dealing with letters and documents.她在经理办公室工作，处理信件和文件。
动词-ing做状语
4. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
2. The student sat there, ____ what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing B. didn’t knowing
C. not know D. not knowing
3. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.
条件
1) Four people entered the room ,looking around in a curious way. (伴随动作)
2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
(原因)
3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 条件
1. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
2. The bell _______ the end of the period
3. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. Seeing the mountain, he always thinks _______ of his hometown.
动词ing形式作状语
三、表示条件（多置于句首）例：
1. Working hard(=If you work hard), you will succeed.
四、表示结果（多置于句末）例：
1. The snow lasted a week, leading to a serious traffic jam in the area.
2. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
注意：-ing形式的完成式having done 表示其动作发生在谓语动词 的动作之前，一般作时间或原因状 the homework, she went shopping. =When she had finished the homework, she went shopping.
5、_____ from his clothes, he is not so poor. A. Judged C. To judge B. Judging D. Judge
6、_____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
3、European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习
动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习2高中英语语法动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find 等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。
We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。
I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。
用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。
(She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。
(She got on the car and drove off.)Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗？(Someone is knocking at the door.)Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗？(Someone knocked at the door just now.)提示：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。
动词ing形式作定语和状语
动词-ing形式作定语【归纳】★单个的动词-ing形式作定语常位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰成分的性质或用途，也可以表示被修饰成分的动作或状态。
如：The experiment was an amazing success.You can find Jennifer in the reading room.Children in many developing countries can't get basic medical care.They quickly moved the sleeping man out of the prison.★动词-ing形式还可用在名词后作定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。
如：The village is made up of 490 families belonging (= who belong) to five nationalities. Do you know the woman talking (= who is talking) to Jim?【拓展】动词-ing形式的被动式（being done）也可作定语，表示正在发生的被动动作。
如：We must keep the things being discussed a secret.I knew nothing about the experiment being performed there.动词-ing形式作状语【归纳】★动词-ing形式可作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果或伴随情况等，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
如：Hearing the news, we all jumped with joy.Working hard, you'll certainly make your dream come true.Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by the boy alone.Her husband died in 1960, leaving her with five children.The little girl was lying in bed crying.★动词-ing形式的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动作同时发生，其完成式（having done）所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
动词-ing形式作宾补和状语
8. I left children ____(watch) television.
9. The policeman caught two boys ____(fight) in the street． 10. With the exam ____(draw)near, we all felt anxious. keys:1. lying 2. grow 3. rising 4. hoping 5. adding 6. Not having received 7. Having suffered 8. watching 9. fighting 10. drawing
（2）I often hear him sing this song.我经常 听到他唱这首歌。
注：①see sb./sth. doing变成被动语态，其 结构是sb./sth. be seen doing，doing在这里成 了主语补足语。 The missing boy were last seen playing near the river。那个失踪的男孩最后一次被看到是 在河边玩耍。
Working in the factory, she made a lot of factory. 在工厂工作期间，她交了很多朋 友。
Being ill, the boy didn’t come to school.因为 病了，那个男孩没有来学校。
Working hard, you will succeed.努力学习， 你就会成功。
Not knowing his telephone number, we couldn' t get in touch with him. 由于不知道 他的电话号码，我们没法与他联系。
动词ing作时间状语的例句
动词ing作时间状语的例句
动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、让步或者而是条件。
v-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seeing(=Whenhesaw)anoteontheground,thestrangerpickedi tup.
扩展资料
v-ing形式作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Beinglate(=Ashewaslate),hecouldnotbeallowedtojoinintheac tivity.
v-ing形式作结果状语表示，表示一种必然的`结果,常置于句末，可扩展成一个含有并列谓语的简单句.
Mr.Brownwaskilledinanaccident,leaving(=andleft)behindawif eandchild.
v-ing形式作伴随状语，其表示的动作伴随主句谓语动作同时发生。
Thestrangerwaswalkingthroughthevillage,looking(=andlook ed)thiswayandthat.
v-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing(=Althoughheknew)allthis,guarddidn’tletmeenter thelecturehall.
v-ing形式作伴随状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working(=Ifyouwork)harder,youwillmakegreatprogress.。
动词的-ing形式-作定语和状语
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语，但要注意它的各种形式变化：
主动形式
被动形式
一般式 V-ing
being V-ed
完成式 having V-ed having been V-ed
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)，即加在含有 ing 这个单词的前面。
Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。
现在分词作状语
现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或 整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、 方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1)表时间状语
1.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
II. Rewrite the following sentences.
1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
_W_h_e_n__ _a_p_p_r_o_a_c_h_i_n_g Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
2. “Can’t you read?” the notice现. 在(M分ET词9作3)伴随状语
A. pointing
B. pointed
C. point
D. and pointing
3. __C__ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET92)
动词ing做宾补表语定语状语及综合练习
高中英语语法动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。
We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。
I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。
用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。
(She was getting on the car.)He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。
(She got on the car and drove off.)Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗？(Someone is knocking at the door.)Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗？(Someone knocked at the door just now.)提示：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。
动词-ing形式(短语)作状语
动词-ing形式（短语）作状语动词-ing形式（短语）可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。
此外，动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
如：Hearing someone call his name, David went out to see who it was.Being ill for a few days, she doesn't feel like eating anything.Looking on the bright side of things, you will live happily.Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by the boy alone.The song Little Apple is sung all over the country, making it very popular.The guests sat at the table, chatting and laughing.★动词-ing形式（短语）的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动作同时发生，其完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
如：Reading the book alone in his room, Peter nodded from time to time.Having eaten too much for supper, Tom couldn't go to sleep.★动词-ing形式（短语）的否定形式常在其前面加not。
如：Not being noticed by anyone, she left the room.★动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，其前往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, as if等连词，构成“连词+动词-ing形式”结构。
动词的-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式作状语一、动词的-ing形式作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。
它可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句。
二、注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。
即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。
三、1.表示时间,代替时间状语从句Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.=When I walked in the street, I met a friend of mine.2. 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中She rang him up, hoping to get his support.= As she hoped to get his support, she rang him up.Being ill, he didn’t go to school=As he was ill, he didn’t go to school3.表示条件，多置于句首Working hard, you will succeed.=If you word hard, you will succeed.4.表示让步，多置于句首Being poor, the old man was happy.=Though he was poor, the old man was happy.5.表示结果，常置于句末The boy fell off his bike, breaking his right arm.= The boy fell off his bike, so he broke his right arm.6.表示方式或伴随,多置于句末，也可置于句首1) He sat at the table, reading a magazine.2) Laughing and talking, they went into the room.四、为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生,在-ing形式短语前可用连词when, while等;为强调在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生,在-ing形式短语前可用连词before或aftere.g. 1) Be careful when crossing the road.2) Don’t laugh while eating.3) Before going abroad, he lived here.4) After watching TV, he went to bed.五、在-ing形式短语前可用介词on,表示“一……就……”e.g. On arriving in Beijing, he went to see his uncle.(= As soon as he arrived in Beijing, he went to see his uncle.)。
动词-ing形式的用法在句子中的位置
动词-ing形式的用法在句子中的位置动词-ing形式是英语中常见的一种形式，它可以用作动词、名词、形容词或副词。
在句子中，动词-ing形式的用法位置有以下几种情况：1. 作主语：动词-ing形式可以作为主语出现在句子中。
例如：作主语：动词-ing形式可以作为主语出现在句子中。
例如：- Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
）- Dancing helps me relax.（跳舞帮助我放松。
）2. 作宾语：动词-ing形式可以作为及物动词的宾语。
例如：作宾语：动词-ing形式可以作为及物动词的宾语。
例如：- I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。
）- She hates doing homework.（她讨厌做作业。
）3. 作表语：动词-ing形式可以作为表语出现在句子中，表示主语的状态或特征。
例如：作表语：动词-ing形式可以作为表语出现在句子中，表示主语的状态或特征。
例如：- His favorite activity is playing soccer.（他最喜欢的活动是踢足球。
）- The most interesting thing about him is his singing ability.（关于他最有趣的事情就是他的唱歌能力。
）4. 作定语：动词-ing形式可以作为定语修饰名词或代词。
例如：作定语：动词-ing形式可以作为定语修饰名词或代词。
例如：- The running water is very clear.（流动的水非常清澈。
）- She bought a loving gift for her mother.（她给妈妈买了一个充满爱意的礼物。
）5. 作状语：动词-ing形式可以作为状语修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、原因、条件等。
例如：作状语：动词-ing形式可以作为状语修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、原因、条件等。
动词-ing形式作状语
If you walk ahead, you will see a white house.
1)表时间状语 2) 表原因状语
3)表方式、伴随状语 4) 表结果 5)表条件
找出下列非谓语动词的逻辑主语，并观 察其与句子主语的关系
(1) Several young people entered the waiting area, looking around curiously. (2) I stood for a minute, watching them. (3)Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. (4) Not realizing that he was in great danger,Tony walked deeper into the forest.
While he was waiting for the bus, he
read a copy of China Daily.
2) 原因状语 Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。 ( Thinking he might be at home, I called him. )
注意：ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语也可 以是前面的整个句子
5)条件 Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find a way. 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。 Walking ahead you will see a white house. ______________,
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
动词的ing形式作表语，定语,宾补和状语一、动词—ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible。
（= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job）她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2。
表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling。
这个问题很令困惑。
3。
常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing，disappointing, boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。
全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的—ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. （staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her）二、动词—ing形式作定语1 单个的动词—ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义.①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary—looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句.They lived in a house facing south.（=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
状语从句ing形式
状语从句ing形式-ing形式的状语从句是指以动词-ing形式作为从句谓语的句子. 它可以用来修饰主句的谓语动词, 表示两件同时发生的事情或先后发生的事情.例如:- Feeling tired, she went to bed early. (感到疲惫, 她早早就上了床.)- Knowing the answer, he raised his hand. (知道答案, 他举起了手.)这里的-ing形式状语从句分别修饰了主句的谓语动词"went to bed"和"raised his hand".-ing形式的状语从句可以表示时间, 原因, 目的, 条件等.下面是一些常见的-ing形式状语从句及其相关参考内容:时间状语从句:- Walking down the street, she heard a noise. (走在街上时, 她听到了噪音.)- Watching the sunset, we felt happy. (看着日落, 我们感到很开心.)原因状语从句:- Knowing him well, I trusted him. (认识他很久, 我相信他)- Being tired, he couldn't concentrate. (因为疲累, 他无法集中注意力.)条件状语从句:- If you keep working hard, you will achieve your goal. (如果你一直保持努力, 你会实现你的目标.)- Without studying, you won't pass the exam. (如果不学习, 你不会通过考试.)目的状语从句:- He went to the store to buy some milk, forgetting he had already bought some. (他为了买牛奶去了商店, 忘记自己已经买了一些.) - She took the umbrella with her, hoping it wouldn't rain. (她带着伞走了, 希望不会下雨.)-ing形式的状语从句在英语中使用频率较高, 学好相关用法对于提升英语语言能力有很大帮助.。
动词-ing形式作状语
词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随或补充。
1．表示时间:动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
句首或句末 Turning around, she saw a car driving up.=When she turned around, she saw a car driving up.她转过身，看见一辆车朝她开来。
2．表示原因:表示原因的动词-ing形式一般置于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。
句首句中或句末 Being ill, he could not walk any further.=As he was ill, he could not walk any further.因为疲倦，他不能再往前走了。
3．表示结果:动词-ing形式作状语表示一种必然的结果，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。
句末 The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.=The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。
4．表示条件：动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
句首 Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.=If you are more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.更细心点，你就会少犯错误。
5．表示让步动词-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。
句首 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.=Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
动词ing形式的用法归纳
动词ing形式的用法归纳
动词ing形式是一种非谓语动词形式，它可以充当多种句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
以下是动词ing形式的主要用法归纳：
1.动词ing形式作主语：动词ing形式可以作为句子的主语，表示一种概念、
习惯或经验。
常见句型有“It be no use doing something”（做某事没有用）等。
2.动词ing形式作宾语：动词ing形式可以用作动词、介词或短语动词的宾语。
例如，在动词finish、enjoy、mind、miss等后接动词ing形式作宾语。
3.动词ing形式作定语：动词ing形式可以用来表示被修饰的词的某种用途，
也可以用来修饰名词。
例如，“a sleeping child”（一个睡觉的孩子）和“a sleeping bag”（一个睡袋）。
4.动词ing形式作状语：动词ing形式可以用作状语，表示行为或状态的特征
或方式。
例如，“He came running to the house”（他跑着来到房子前）。
5.动词ing形式作宾语补足语：在感官动词后，如see、hear、feel、notice
等，可以用动词ing形式作为宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。
1/ 1。
动词-ing形式作状语
4. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (上 海2002) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
5. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (NMET 2001) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
3. We’re ___ to listen to her ___ voice. It’s ___ to hear her sing. A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
7. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(上 海2001春) A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
2. Having been attacked by terrorists, ______. (上海 2004) A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
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动词的-ing形式作状语
吴国斌
动词的-ing形式作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，用来修饰谓语动词，常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随、让步等情况，并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。
1.表时间
Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.
在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。
＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
Having finished the work, he went out to meet his friends.
完成工作后，他出去会朋友了。
＝After he finished the work, he went out to meet his friends.
2.表原因
Having traveled to many places, he knows a lot.
到过很多的地方去旅游，他知道的很多。
＝Since he has traveled to many places, he knows a lot.
Being ill, he was sent to hospital.
由于生病，他被送往医院。
=Because he was ill, he was sent to hospital.
3.表伴随或方式
He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.
他给我发了封电子邮件，希望得到更多的消息。
＝He sent me an e-mail, and (he) hoped to get further information.
4.表条件
Going there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning.
如果你乘飞机去那里的话，明天早上就会到。
＝If you go there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning.
5.表让步
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.
尽管告诉他许多次了，他仍旧犯同样的错误。
＝Though he had been told many times, he still made the same mistake.
6.表结果（必然结果）
The train was caught in heavy snow, thus causing the delay.
火车遇上了大雪，因此造成了耽搁。
=The train was caught in heavy snow and caused the delay.
三、动词的-ing形式作状语时，应注意的几个问题
1.现在分词(v.-ing)形式的否定结构是在分词前加not，分词完成式的否定结构通常把not放在having前面。
Not knowing how to deal with the problem, he turned to his teacher for help.
由于不知道如何处理这个问题，他向老师求助。
Not having finished his work, he was punished by his boss.
由于没有完成工作，老板惩罚了他。
2.现在分词(v.-ing)形式作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语保持一致；且通常与句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系；否则不能使用现在分词作状语，但可使用独立主格结构。
Seeing from the hill, you will see the beautiful city.
从山上看，你会看到美丽的城市。
Seeing from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.（X）
从山上看，这座城市更美丽。
My homework having been done, I began to watch football match.
做完作业，我开始看足球赛。
（本句中状语部分为独立主格结构，having been done的逻辑主语为my homework，而不是句子的主语I)
[注意］动词不定式与现在分词(v.-ing )形式作结果状语的区别：
动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示出乎意料的结果，其前可加only或never。
而现在分词作结果状语则表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，这时其前可加thus。
另外，充当结果的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语，而是句子的内容或部分内容。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.
他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
His parents died, leaving his condition worse off.
他的父母去世了，使他的状况更糟糕(更贫穷，经济情况更不好)。
高考真题：
①动词的-ing形式作伴随状语
动词的-ing形式作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，其表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。
1.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.
A. says
B. said
C. to say
D. saying
2.(2010·福建高考)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sending
B. to send
C. having sent
D. to have sent
②动词的-ing形式作结果状语
动词的-ing形式作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果。
3.(2011·陕西高考)More highways have been built in China, it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
A. making
B. made
C. to make
D. having made
4.(2010·重庆高考)The news shocked the public, to great concern about students safety at school.
A. having led
B. led
C. leading
D. to lead
③动词的-ing形式作状语时一般式与完成式的区别
现在分词(v.-ing)形式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时发生；完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
5.(2010·湖南高考)Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took
a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling
B. struggled
C. having struggled
D. to struggle
参考答案：DAACC。