chapter8 language in use exercises - 答案

I. Choose the best answer.

1. Pragmatics is generally the study of natural language understanding, and specifically the study of how _____ influences the interpretation of meanings.

A. word

B. context

C. sentence

D. language form

2. Speech Act Theory is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which originated from the Oxford philosopher______.

A. Herbert Paul Grice

B. Dan Sperber

C. Deirdre Wilson

D. John Langshaw Austin

3. The second major theory in pragmatics is the theory of conversational implicature, proposed by Oxford philosopher_____.

A. J. Austin

B. Halliday

C. Herbert Paul Grice

D. Saussure

4. The following maxims are the Cooperative Principles EXCEPT______.

A. Quantity Maxim

B. Quality Maxim

C. Distance Maxim

D. Relation Maxim

5. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of conversational implicature?___

A. Calculability

B. Cancellability

C. Non-detachability

D. Conventionality

6. The notion of ____is essential to the pragmatic study of language.

A. communication

B. context

C. speech act theory

D. words

7. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing_____.

A. an illocutionary act

B. a perlocutionary act

C. a locutionary act

D. none of the above

8. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of _____.

A. reference

B. meaning

C. antonymy

D. context

9. According to the conversation maxim of _____suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.

A. quantity

B. quality

C. relevance

D. manner

10. Which of the following is not the principle of Speech Act Theory?

A. illocutionary act

B. locutionary act

C. perlocutionary act

D. prelocutionary act

11. In specifying the manner of CP, Grice mentioned all the following except____.

A. Be relevant

B. avoid ambiguity

C. be brief

D. avoid obscurity of expression

12. The sentence “I veto I-C-E C-R-E-AM-S” violates the maxim of ____.

A. quality

B. quantity

C. manner

D. relation

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. __Perlocutionary____Act refers to the effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence.

2. According to Austin, though __performatives___ can not be true or false, there are still conditions for them to meet to be appropriate or felicitous.

3. The felicity conditions suggest that there must be a relevant conversational procedure, and the relevant _participants and circumstances____ must be appropriate.

4. The characteristics of implicature can be summarized as __calculability____,_cancellability______,_non-detachability_______,___non-conve ntionality______.

5 .In Austin’s How to do things with word, he first distinguishes performatives and _constatives_____, later on Austin made a flesh start to distinguish __locutionary act___, __illocutionary act____ and perlocutionary act.