[外语类试卷]专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷151.doc
专业英语八级(改错)历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEThe ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beingsfrom animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which【M1】______distinguishes one individual from another. The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs tobe equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is【M2】______what will make one a happy and successful social being. In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledge the fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction【M3】______in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin life is change, the more one accepts one’s strengths and works【M4】______towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of【M5】______communication skills, the better will be their interactions and the more their social popularity. The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve【M6】______communication skills ? The answer is simple . One can find plenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conduct workshops and seminars based on communication skills of men and women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to【M7】______help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations. Today, effective communication skills have become a predominant factor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates, most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate withThey believe that some skills can be improvised on the job: but ability to【M8】______communicate well is important, as every employee becomes the representing face of the company. There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom - made【M9】______programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitate better communication skills in the workplace, but also look intothe problems in the manner of being able to convey messages【M10】______effectively.1．【M1】正确答案：which→that解析：本句为it is…that…的强调句型。
专业英语八级(改错)历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEPsycholinguistics is the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguists study understanding,production, and remembering language,and hence are concerned 【M1】______with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually 【M2】______happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. 【M3】______Indeed, when you listen to someone speaking or looking at this page, 【M4】______you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of 【M5】______the complexity involved: if we are searching for a word but cannotremember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has 【M6】______influenced their language; if we observe a child acquiring language; 【M7】______if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if weare visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else 【M8】______who is. As we shall see, all these examples of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances”reveal a great deal about theprocesses evolved in speaking, listening, writing and reading. But 【M9】______given that language processes were normally so automatic, we also 【M10】______need to carry out careful experiment to get at what is happening.1．【M1】正确答案：production—producing解析：句法错误。
大学专业英语八级考试模拟试卷(带答案)
大学专业英语八级考试模拟试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.LanguageDespite the fact that many definitions of language have been proposed, succinct definitions of language usually bring various questions. To understand the notion of language better, there are several aspects that should be taken into consideration.Ⅰ. Vocal communication in childhood●Composition of the system of vocal communication●Functions of the system of vocal communication:A. 1B. Express feelings and emotionsC. Influence the activities of othersD. 2 oneself with friendliness or hostilityⅡ. Different systems of vocal communication constitute different languages●Hard to define the 3 between languages●Different languages- people do not understand each other without 4 by both parties● 5-different systems of communication that may impede but do not prevent mutual comprehension●Idiolect- the 6 of a single personⅢ. Acquisition of languages●7 : spoken by one's parents or by those with whom they are brought up from infancy●Second Language: learned to different degrees of competence under various conditions●Bilingualism: Completely 8 two languagesA. Raised by parents speaking different languages at homeB. Raised within 9Ⅳ. Language is species-specific to human beings●Animals communicate through 10 or else●Human language is infinitely 11 and creativeⅤ. 12 of language●Facilitate communication●Express a national or local 13●14 function of language: puns, riddles, and crossword puzzles●Functions in imaginative or symbolic contexts: poetry, drama, and religionⅥ. Language and its relation to society●Language is a working system of communication in a certain 15●The product of history and source of its future developmentSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. $20. B. $36.99. C. $4.99. D. $32.17、A. What the problem is. B. What correction she wants.C. A neutral tone.D. Showing her anger.18、A. Give them the cultural information about complaint.B. Give them a model letter and ask them to write one similar to that.C. Familiarize the students with necessary vocabularies.D. Show the students the necessary writing styles and formats.19、A. Face-to-face verbal complaint. B. Written complaint.C. Phone complaint.D. E-mail complaint.20、A. Creating a situation where students can complain.B. Providing model complaints for students to follow.C. Analyzing the languages and structures for complaints.D. Giving students practice on how to complain by role play.21、A. Food security is the ability of people in household.B. Food security at the national level to provide the food needs to live a healthy and productive life.C. Food security also deals with food and nutritional security.D. Food security only refers to amount of food.22、A. The quality of people's life.B. The ability to grow and develop intellectually and socially.C. The capabilities of the next generation.D. All the above.23、A. To arouse the attention of all leaders over the world.B. To increase food production.C. To make better use of food.D. To make more food available in the marketplace.24、A. Australia has been putting more resources in agriculture.B. Poor countries were not themselves putting sufficient resources into agriculture and food security issues.C. More recently, food prices has been very high.D. Experts have realized that there's a large portion of society in poor countries.25、A. They changed the main staple crops.B. They changed the technology of growing the main staple crops.C. They fertilized the land.D. They did more research.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONETo keep the wheels of industry, we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities, and, in the process, are rapidly exhausting our resources. But this is only half the problem. What do we do with manufactured products when they are worn out? They must be disposed of, but how and where?Unsightly junkyards full of rusting automobiles already surround every city in the nation. Americans throw away 80 billion bottles and cans each year, enough to build more than ten stacks to the moon. There isn't room for much more waste, and yet the factories grind on.They cannot stop because everyone wants a job. Our standard of living, one of the highest in the world, requires the consumption of manufactured products in ever-increasing amounts. Man, about to be buried in his own waste, is caught in a vicious cycle.Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. There weren't so many people then and their wants were fewer. Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature and were soon covered over. Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by man's lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed, for man is slowly poisoning his environment.Pollution is a "dirty" word. To pollute means to contaminate—to spoil something by introducing impurities which make it unfit or unclear to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, we smell it, taste it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally live in and breathe pollution, and, not surprisingly, it is beginning to threaten our health, our happiness, and our very civilization. Once we thought of pollution as meaning simply smog—the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life function. Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, killing the wildlife. By dumping sewage and chemical into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our drinking water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing the fish and thereby depriving ourselves of an invaluable food supply. Part of the problem is our exploding population.More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our "throw-away" technology. Each year American dispose of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer fashionable to reuse anything. Today almost everything is disposable. Instead of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even though 95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers, which used to be made of cloth and now have disposable substitutes: "Wear it once and throw it away," will be the slogan of the fashion conscious.Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? Fortunately, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious. Take the problem of discarded automobiles, for instance. Each year over 40,000 of them are abandoned in New York City alone. Eventually the discards end up in a junkyard. But cars are too bulky to ship as scrap to a steel mill. They must first be flattened. This is done in a giant compressor which can reduce a Cadillac to the size of a television set in a matter of minutes. Any leftover scrap metal is mixed with concrete and made into exceptionally strong bricks that are used in buildings and bridges. Man's ingenuity has come to his rescue.What about water pollution? More and more cities are building sewage-treatment plants. Instead of being dumped into a nearby river or lake, sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to a giant tank where the water is separated from the solid material called sludge. The sludge can be converted into fertilizer, and can also be made into bricks.Controlling air pollution is another crucial objective. Without food, man can live about five weeks; without water, about five days. Without air, he can only live five minutes, so pure air is a must. Here the wrongdoer is the automobile. Where there is a concentration of automobiles, as in our big cities, air pollution is severe. It is important to see that our cars are equipped with pollution-control devices. Such devices effectively reduce the harmful gases emitted from the engine. Power plants, factories, and apartment buildings can also avoid air pollution. When possible they should use clean fuels like gas and oil. And the smokestacks of these buildings should be equipped with filters and other smoke-reduction devices.Can we eliminate pollution altogether? Probably not. Modem man pollutes with everything he does, so total elimination would require drastic measures. Every power plant would have to shut down. Industries would have to close. We would have to leave all our automobiles in the garage. Every bus and truck and airplane would have to stop running. There would be no way to bring food to the cities. There would be no heat and light. Under these conditions, our population would die in a short time. Since such a drastic solution is impossible, we must employ determined public action. We can reduce pollution, even if we can't eliminate it altogether. But everyone must do his part. We can have a clean world; we can do something. The choice is up to you.PASSAGE TWO"When I direct Shakespeare," theatrical innovator Peter Sellars once said, "the first thing I do is go to the text for cuts. I go through to find the passages that are real heavy, that really are not needed, places where the language has become obscure, places where there is a bizarre detour. And then I take those moments, those elements, and I make them the centerpiece, the core of the production."In the sober matter of staging Shakespeare, such audaciousness is hard to resist—though a lot of Chicago theatre-goers have been able to. Typically, a third of the people who have been showing up at the Goodman Theatre to see Sellars' ingenious reworking of The Merchant of Venice have been walking out before the evening is over. It's no mystery, why? The evening isn't over for nearly four hours. Beyond that, the production pretty much upends everything the audience has come to expect from one of Shakespeare's most troubling but reliable entertaining comedies.The play has been transplanted from the teeming, multicultural world of 15th century Venice, Italy, to the teeming, multicultural world of 1994 Venice Beach, California, where Sellars lives when he isn't setting Don Giovanni in Spanish Harlem, putting King Lear in a Lincoln Continental or deconstructing other classic plays and operas. Shylock, along with the play's other Jews, is black. Antonio, the merchant of the title, and his kinsmen are Latinos. Portia, the wealthy maiden being wooed by Antonio's friend Bassanio, is Asian. But the racial shuffling is just one of Sellars' liberties. The stage is furnished with little but office furniture, while video screens simulcast the actors in close-up during their monologues, (and, in between, display seemingly unrelated Southern Califomia scene, from gardens and swimming pools to the L. A. riots). Cries of anguish come from the clowns, and the playfully romantic final scene, in which Portia teases Bassanio for giving away her ring to the lawyer she played in disguise, is re-imagined as the darkest, most poisonously unsettling passage in the play.Some of this seems to be sheer perversity, but the real shock of Sellars' production is how well it works both theatrically and thematically. The racial casting, for instance, is a brilliant way of defusing the play's anti- Semitism—turning it into a metaphor for prejudice and materialism in all its forms. Paul Butler is a hardhearted ghetto businessman who, even when he is humiliated at the end, never loses his cool or stoops for pity.Wrongheaded and tortuous as this Merchant sometimes is, the updating is witty and apt. The "news of the Rialto" becomes fodder for a pair of gossip reporters on a happy-talk TV newscast. Shylock's trial is presided over by a mumbling, superannuated judge who could have stepped fight out of Court TV. With a few exceptions—Elaine Tse's overwrought Portia, for instance—the actors strike a nice balance between Shakespeare's poetry and Sellars' stunt driving. For the rest of us, it's a wild ride.PASSAGE THREESince ancient times it has been known that your word is a cause set in motion. In fact, the universe itself is claimed to have emanated from a single primordial sound. In the science of yoga, it is believed that certain Sanskrit words, known asmantras, can bring about magical results, thus you can secure abundance with a certain mantra, peace with another, and so on. On a more practical level, your word still remains highly potent.With your words, you can wound someone, sending them into spirals of defeat, and with your words you can heal someone, raising them up from a dismal place to soaring hope and motivation. In fact, the entire field of self-improvement is the transmission of words that will assist others to get a firm perspective and move forward with their lives, fulfilling their dreams and desires.On a personal level, too, your words affect you. What you say to yourself about anyone or anything affects you, too. If you speak well of someone or something, you bring more of that harmony into your life. And if you speak ill of someone or something, you will bring more of that frustration and anger and conflict into your life.Psychological literature often speaks of numerous cases where a parent's words, spoken casually, can affect the destiny of a child. And the most potent words that a parent can use to affect a child are those spoken at the time of dying since these are the last words, and the moment is so highly-charged and the awareness so acute that these words become an imperative that the child now feels obligated to never disown.Words are further charged with the emotion behind them. The stronger the emotion, the more highly charged the words. Many a love affair has fallen by the wayside because of emotionally charged words, which are later regretted.Despite all this, people use words with the utmost casualness. People wreck their own lives and that of others through the careless use of words. They also accept the words of others as a given truth, when, in fact, all comments by others are merely opinion.The most marvelous aspect of words is how they can bend time. The brilliantly crafted words of Shakespeare or the eloquence of Martin Luther King still shape our lives. Words are so sacred that whole buildings are used to archive them and make them available for reading.A person can rise from poverty to wealth, from sickness to health, and from loneliness to loving companionship simply through exposing themselves to the most beneficial stream of words.Words not only steal hearts, but shape reality as well. The earth can be a better place because of your choice of words. You can fill lives with the miracles of your words. You can be an agent for positive change and bring out the best in yourself and others simply by how you use words. Words are psychic shape-shifters; use them wisely.PASSAGE FOURimagine a chart that begins when man first appeared on the planet and tracks the economic growth of societies from then forward. It would be a long, flat line until the late 16th or early 17th century, when it would start trending upward. For most of humankind life was as the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes famously described it in 1651—"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." But as Hobbes was writing thosewords, the world around him was changing. Put simply, human beings were getting smarter.People have always sought knowledge. The scientific revolution, followed by the Enlightenment, marked a fundamental shift. Humans were no longer searching for ways simply to fit into a natural or divine order; but they were seeking to change it. Once people found ways to harness energy—using steam engines—they were able to build machines that harnessed far more power than any human or horse could ever do. And people could work without ever getting tired. The rise of these machines drove the Industrial Revolution, and created a whole new system of life. Today the search for knowledge continues to produce an ongoing revolution in the health and wealth of humankind.If the rise of science marks the first great trend in this story, the second is its diffusion. What was happening in Britain during the Industrial Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon. A succession of visitors to Britain would go back to report to their countries on the technological and commercial innovations they saw there. Sometimes societies were able to learn extremely fast, as in the United States. Others, like Germany, was benefited from starting late, leapfrogging the long-drawn-out process that Britain went through.This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent decades. Over the last 30 years we have watched countries like Japan, Singapore, South Korea and now China grow at a pace that is three times that of Britain or the United States at the peak of the Industrial Revolution. They have been able to do this because of their energies and exertions, of course, but also because they cleverly and perhaps luckily adopted certain ideas about development that had worked inthe West—reasonably free markets, open trade, a focus on science and technology, among them.The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time and goes well beyond the purely scientific. Consider the cases of Turkey and Brazil. If you had asked an economist 20 years ago how to think about these two countries, he would have explained that they were classic basket-case, Third World economies, with triple-digit inflation, soaring debt burdens, a weak private sector and snail's-pace growth. Today they are both remarkably well managed, with inflation in single digits and growth above 5 percent. And this shift is happening around the world. From Thailand to South Africa to Slovakia to Mexico, countries are far better managed economically than they have ever been. Even in cases where political constraints make it difficult to push far-reaching reforms, as in Brazil, Mexico or India, governments still manage their affairs sensibly, observing the Hippocratic oath not to do any harm.We are sometimes reluctant to believe in progress. But the evidence is unmistakable. The management of major economies has gotten markedly better in the last few years. Careful monetary policy has tempered the boom-and-bust economic cycles of the industrial world, producing milder recessions and fewer shocks. Every day one reads of a new study comparing nations in everything from Internet penetration to inflation. All these studies and lists are symbols of a learning process that is accelerating, reinforcing the lessons of success and failure. Call it a best-practice world.I realize that the world I am describing is the world of the winners. There are billions of people, locked outside global markets, whose lives are still accurately described by Hobbes's cruel phrase. But even here, there is change. The recognition of global inequalities is more marked today than ever before, and this learning is forcing action. There is more money being spent on vaccines and cures for diseases in Africa and Asia today than ever before in history. Foreign-aid programs face constant scrutiny and analysis. When things don't work, we learn that, too, and it puts a focus either on the aid program or on local governments to improve.This may sound overly optimistic. There are losers in every race, but let not the worries over who is winning and losing the knowledge race obscure the more powerful underlying dynamic: knowledge is liberating. It creates the possibility for change and improvement everywhere. It can create amazing devices and techniques, save lives, improve living standards and spread information. Some will do well on one measure, others on another. But on the whole, a knowledge-based world will be a healthier and richer world.The caveat I would make is not about one or another country's paucity of engineers or computers. These problems can be solved. But knowledge is not the same thing as wisdom. Knowledge can produce equally powerful ways to destroy life, intentionally and unintentionally. It can produce hate and seek destruction. Knowledge does not by itself bring any answer to the ancient Greek question "What is a Good Life?" It does not produce good sense, courage, generosity and tolerance. And most crucially, it does not produce the farsightedness that will allow us all to live together—and grow together—on this world without causing war, chaos and catastrophe. For that we need wisdom.26、Which of the following statement is NOT a cause of pollution mentioned in the passage?(PASSAGE ONE.A. Population explosion.B. Too much consumption.C. It is out-dated to reuse things.D. High unemployment rate.27、Which of the following statements is NOT a suggested solution to water pollution?(PASSAGE ONE.A. Building sewage-treatment plants.B. Strict restriction on the discharge of polluted water to rivers or lakes nearby.C. Using gigantic tanks to separate solid materials from water.D. Setting up underground sewage system to purify water.28、What does this passage mainly address?(PASSAGE ONE.A. The severity of pollution nowadays.B. Pollution and its solution.C. Universal concern over environment.D. Consumption and pollution.29、What's the main topic of the passage?(PASSAGE TWO)A. The Merchant of Venice adapted by Sellars.B. Success of the newly performed The Merchant of Venice.C. Peter Sellars's artistic style.D. The shooting of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.30、When directing Shakespeare, Sellars usually ______ the original texts.(PASSAGE TWO)A. selects the key moments inB. abridgesC. completely changesD. keeps31、What can be inferred about Sellars's The Merchant of Venice?(PASSAGE TWO)A. The adaptation is awkward and meaningless.B. It is popular with Chicago theater-goers.C. It is not favored by the audience.D. It meets the audience's expectation.32、It can be concluded from the passage that Shakespeare's original text of The Merchant of Venice ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. is much more difficult to understandB. is always clear in languageC. presents a negative viewpoint towards the SemiticsD. is not as popular as his tragedies33、According to the author, words can ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. kill peopleB. show people's defeatC. give people hopeD. change the speaker himself34、Which is TRUE about the last words of parents?(PASSAGE THREE.A. They are often more influential on children than those spoken casually.B. They are full of sorrow and misery.C. Children's awareness of parents' words is always acute.D. These words are imperative for children with great sense of obligation.35、According to the fifth and sixth paragraph, the author implies that ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. people's emotions are influenced by the words they sayB. people should use words with more carefulnessC. people should only accept words which are truths rather than opinionsD. what people experience directly decides what they speak36、Better choice of words can do all of the following EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. shaping realityB. making life betterC. bringing about positive changeD. fulfilling dreams37、It can be inferred that during the Enlightenment, people in Western Europe ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. were looking for better ways of seeking knowledgeB. were not satisfied with their past achievementsC. were trying to fit into the natural environmentD. were tired of working38、Which of the following is NOT a result of scientific diffusion?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Britain's leadership in the Industrial Revolution.B. The Industrial Revolution in countries like the U.S. and Germany.C. Great development of some Eastern Asian countries.D. The economic boom in Turkey and Brazil.39、A suitable title for the passage would be ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Knowledge and World EconomyB. Diffusion of ScienceC. The Earth's Learning CurveD. Knowledge and Wisdom40、SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.What is the immediate problem caused by the consumption of manufactured products?(PASSAGE ONE.41、What does the phrase "wrongheaded and tortuous" mean in the last paragraph?(PASSAGE TWO)42、What does the author mean by saying "your word is a cause set in motion" in Paragraph 1?(PASSAGE THREE.43、What's the remarkable aspect of words according to the passage?(PASSAGE THREE.44、What conclusion can be drawn from the passage about the great words?(PASSAGE THREE.45、What does the word "unmistakable" mean in Paragraph 6?(PASSAGE FOUR)46、What does "it" refer to in Line 6 Paragraph 7?(PASSAGE FOUR)47、What's the author's attitude towards knowledge?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" andput the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan andthe United States. The Americans divide these areas somewhatrigidly into the spirit and flesh, the two being in opposition in the 48life of a human being. Ideally, spirit should prevail but all too oftenit is the flesh which does prevail. 49The Japanese make no this division, at least between one as 50good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has twosouls, each necessary. One is the "gentle" soul; other is the 51"rough" soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul;sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his gentlesoul, neither he fight his rough soul. Japanese philosophers insist 52human nature in itself be good, and a human being does not need to 53fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soulproperly at the appropriate times. Virtue for the Japanese consists of 54fulfilling one's obligations to others. Happy endings, either in life orin fiction, are neither necessary nor expected, while the fulfillment 55of duty provides the satisfying end, whatever the tragedy it inflicts.And duty includes a person's obligations to these who have conferred 56benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor. Hedevelops through this double sense of duty, a self-discipline whichis at once permissive and rigid, depending upon the area which it is 57functioning.PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、我仿佛看见这世间有一个极大、极复杂的网，大大小小的一切事物，都被牢结在这网中。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷16(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷16(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial awards. Even worse, a number of people who 2.______have done this and caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. 3. ______ It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up 4.______what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished and with a glowing recommendation 5.______from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we doknow about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught could simply have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. 6.______ For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to make were for dishonest transactions.7.______ In other case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company8.______that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to the jail, computer criminals sometimes 9. ______ escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been satisfied. 10. ______1．正确答案：computers——computer解析：本题为名词误用。
2020年英语专业8级考试改错模拟测试题及答案1完整篇.doc
2017年英语专业八级考试改错模拟测试题及答案1One important outcome of the work on the expression of genes in developing embryos is sure to be knowledge that can help preventing birth defects. Just as promising (26)is the possibility of unraveling the complicated writing (27)of the brain. A mechanic gets valuable insight how an (28)automobile works by rebuilding car engines; similarly, neuroscientists can learn how the brain functions from (29)the way it is put together. The next step pursuing the (30)goal is to find out how the blueprint genes, the home box genes, control the expression of other genes that create the valves and piston of the working cerebral engine. The protein encoded by the latter genes could change the (31)stickiness of the cell surface, the shape of the cell or its metabolism to create the characteristic peculiar to, say, neurons or neural-crest cell. Surface proteins may be the (32)mechanism, whereby similar programmed cells stick together to form specific structures; they might also sense (33)the local environment to help the cell decide what is to do. Clarifying those mechanisms will engage the best talents in (34)embryology and molecular biology for some times to come.(35)What is perhaps the most intriguing question of all is if the brain is powerful enough to solve the puzzle of its own creation.答案:26.preventing改为prevent27plicated改为complexion28.sight后加into29.neuroscientist改为a neuroscientist30.pursuing后加inter改为latter32.similar改为similarly33.去掉is34.times改为time35.if改为whether2017年英语专业八级考试改错模拟测试题及答案2Because the air in the country is really clean, we ought to live there much as is possible. Since, however, a great deal of the worlds (26)work must be done indoor in cities, it is important that we take every (27)precaution to ventilate our houses properly. Some people have thought that night air is injurious. But careful study shows that night air is identical with that which we breath during the day. In face the (28)proper ventilation of a bedroom is one of the first necessity for good (29)health. Since the exhaled air is usually warmer and lighter than the inhaled air, it rises to the top of the room. Therefore it is better to open a window both at the top to let the warm up air out and also at (30)the bottom to admit the fresh air in. Of course, this does not mean (31)that one should sleep in a strong draft. In many places it is feasible to sleep out-of-the-doors on a sleeping porch and so to secure perfect (32)ventilation. In recent years we have seen steady progress made in the development of equipments to supply proper conditioned air not only in large (33)auditoriums, class-rooms, and factories, but also in railroad trains and in private homes. This equipment cleans the air off dust, keeps (34)the temperature comfortable, holds the humidity at the right point, and keeps the air in the motion. Such a condition is conductive to (35)efficiency as well as good health.答案：26.much前加as27.indoor改为indoors28.breath改为breathe29.necessity改为necessities30.up改为upper31.去掉in32.out-of-the-doors改为out-of-doors33.equipments改为equipment34.off改为of35.去掉the2017年英语专业八级考试改错模拟测试题及答案3Henry Fielding, the famous novelist who was also 26)a London magistrate, once madea night raid to two known hideouts in this city-within-a-city; he found seven men,women, and children packed away in a few tiny 27)stinking rooms. All of these people,included little children of five and six who were trained as pick-pockets, were wantedfor crime. Conditions like these bred more criminals. One of the 28)typical cases was that Jack Shepard, whose execution in 1724 was watched by two hundred thousand people. Shepard, the son of honest working people, was an 29)apprentice in a respectful trade. He ran away from it because he fancied that he had been ill-treated, and soon 30)found it was easy to make more money by thieving 31)as his father had done by a lifetime of honest work. 32)In Shepard’s day highwaymen committed robberies at broad daylight, in sight of a crowd, and rode solemnly and 33)triumphantly through the town with danger of molestation. If they were chased, twenty or thirty armed men were ready34)to come to their assistance. Murder was a everyday affair, 35)and there were many people who made heroes from the murderers.答案：26.to * on27.included * including28.Jack * of Jack29.respectful * respectable30.was easy * easy31.as * than32.at * in33.with * without34.a * an35.from * of2017年英语专业八级考试改错模拟测试题及答案4The changes in language will continue forever, but no one knows sure (26)who does the changing. One possibility is that children are responsible. A professor of linguistic at the University of Hawaii, (27)explores this in one of his recent books. Sometimes around1880, a (28)language catastrophe occurred in Hawaii when thousands of emigrant (29)workers were brought to the islands to work for the new sugar industry. These people speaking different languages were unable to communicate with each other or with the native Hawaiians or the dominant English-speaking owners of the plantations. So they first spoke in Pidgin English -- the sort of thing such mixed language (30)populations have always done. A pidgin is not really a language at all. It is more like a set of verbal signals used to name objects and (31)without the grammatical rules needed for expressing thought and ideas. And then, within a single generation, the whole mass of mixed people began speaking a totally new tongue: Hawaiian Creole. The (32)new speech was contained ready-made words borrowed form all the (33)original tongues, but beared little or no resemblance to the (34)predecessors in the rules used for stringing the words together. Although generally regarded as primitive language, Hawaiian Creole (35)had a highly sophisticated grammar.答案:26. sure前加for27.linguistic改为linguistics.28. sometimes改为sometime.29.emigrant改为immigrant30.去spoke后的in31.and改为but.32. people改为peoples.33. 去speech后的was.34. beared改为bore.35. as前加a2017年英语专业八级考试改错模拟测试题及答案5I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers(26)have paid little attention to the way sentences are used in combination to form stretches of disconnected discourse. They have tended to take (27)their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (28)of sentences as self-contained units. It is true that these are often represented in "contexts" and strung together in dialogues and (29)reading passages, but these are essentially setting to make the formal properties of the sentences stand out more clearly, properties which are then established in the learners brain(30)by means of practice drill and exercises. Basically, the language teaching unit is the (31)sentence as a formal linguistic object. The language teachers view of what that constitutes knowledge of a language is essentially the same (32)as Chomskys knowledge of a syntactic structure of sentences,(33)and of the transformational relations which hold them. Sentences are seen as paradigmatically rather than syntagmatically related. Such a knowledge "provides the basis for the actual use of language by the speaker-hearer". The assumption that the language appears to make (34)is that once this basis is provided, then the learner will have no difficulty in the dealing with the actual use of language.(35)答案：26.saying改为say27.disconnected改为connected28.to改为on29.represented改为presented30.brain改为mind31.drill改为drills32.去掉what后面的that33.去掉knowledge后的anguage后加teacher35. 去掉dealing前面的the。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷152(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷152(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGE1．The begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval alchemists.正确答案：begins—beginnings解析：译文：现代化学实验的开端要追溯到中世纪的炼金术。
分析：考查词性。
此处要求名词作主语，而begins是动词形式。
应改为其动名词形式beginnings。
知识模块：改错2．George Washington Carver found hundred of uses for the peanut, the sweet potato, and the soybean and thus stimulated the cultivation of these crops.正确答案：hundred—hundreds解析：译文：乔治-华盛顿-卡佛发现了花生、甘薯以及大豆的数百种用途，因而刺激了这些作物的种植。
分析：考查习语。
表示不确定数目时，数词需要变为复数，如hundreds of，thousands of，millions of等。
知识模块：改错3．Conservative philosophers argue that the very structure of society is threatening by civil disobedience, while humanists stress the primacy of the individual conscience.正确答案：threatening—threatened解析：译文：保守的哲学家辩称社会结构受公民不顺从的威胁，而人文主义者则强调个人意识高于一切。
分析：考查被动语态。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷136(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷136(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTIONPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write tPositive for Youth aims to place teenagers and young peopleat its heart. There is the accurate expectation teenagers themselves【M1】______have the responsibility to improve their local communities. The government pioneered the idea that young people are capable ofaccessing the quality of their local services. Another 【M2】______government-funding scheme created by the NCB, this time with【M3】______the British Youth Council and disabled children’s charity KIDS, isYoung Inspectors, which train some of the most disadvantaged【M4】______young people from poorer communities to inspect and report onlocal services. The Young Inspectors scheme, so far, helped change【M5】______the lives of more than 1,400 young people and improved more than 600 local services. It is the illegal requirement across public services to listen to【M6】______ the views of service users. There is a business case for commercial suppliers to listen to consumers. Teenagers use many public services such as police stations, clinics, clubs and libraries; andalso spend as many as ￡12bn in shopping and travel up to age 19【M7】______via the commercial sector. They want to see services improved, not just for themselves but for their families and neighbours too.Involving young people as Young Inspectors makes a business【M8】______sense, and is a means of developing young people’s self-esteem, their ability to analyse and communicate, and many other skillsthat are critical to employers. At the NCB we are pleased with Positive For Youth’s holisticapproach to give young people more opportunities and better【M9】______support, and we will be eagerly watching to see what the policies【M10】______take shape.1．【M1】正确答案：∧teenagers—that解析：语法错误。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷200(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷200(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEOnce upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage—twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularlyelderly women, making up a large proportion of those【S1】______are living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners【S2】______on their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle【S3】______choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative—dark and cold,since being together suggested warmth and light. But then came【S4】______along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder thanever. And that doesn’t leave much rooms for relationships. Pimpi【S5】______Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris,says he hasn’t got time to get alone because he has too much work.【S6】______”I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fair【S7】______difficult. “ Only an Ideal Woman would make him change hislifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, an author of a recent book called The【S8】______Single Woman and Prince Charming, thought this very new【S9】______individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t last long—if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing.She says she’d never have wanted to do that her mother did—give up【S10】______a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life. “1．【S1】正确答案：making—make解析：动词形式错误。
专业英语八级(改错)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEThe previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes fromone schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference 【M1】______between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse learnt inearly childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener 【M2】______has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. 【M3】______The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it maybe something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground lore,【M4】______therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is【M5】______learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children of the same age,【M6】______or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground rhymecan be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or even just 【M7】______for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very 【M8】______possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred younghearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live after so much【M9】______handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the original wording.【M10】______1．【M1】正确答案：the further→a further解析：冠词错误。
专业英语八级(改错)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEWhen I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round at the luxury of the【M1】______rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my【M2】______vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”wasclearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation: that much I【M3】______could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I started to use【M4】______the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? My friend’s motherwas very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her expression that【M5】______I had not got the word quite right. Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both new【M6】______words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our own first【M7】______language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for【M8】______plush, and this is particularly true in the aspect of a foreign language.【M9】______If you are continually surrounded by speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does notexist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to【M10】______mend the gap.1．【M1】正确答案：Looked—Looking解析：非谓语动词错误。
专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷150(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷150(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：How to Be Effective Readers? Good morning, in today’s lecture, we’ll discuss how to be effective readers. I’d like to spend some time discussing with you the following topics: What is reading? How can we read effectively? And what are the types and skills of reading? First of all, I’d say,(1)reading is a method of absorbing written information. It mainly contains two aspects: the degree of comprehension and the reading speed.(2)Our reading ability is closely related to our vocabulary, cultural background knowledge and reading techniques. However, we vary widely in every significant aspect—intelligence, language skills, interest, etc. So we are supposed to recognize our individual differences and work hard to be effective readers. In my opinion, there are many things that we could do. Firstly, we should develop a love of reading by making reading a regular and enjoyable activity. If so, we will be keen on reading and keeping reading everyday. In this way, we will get different information from reading.(3)Secondly, we should have a clear purpose in reading.(4)And we should know why we need to improve our reading speed and use different strategies for different reading tasks. Thirdly, developing good reading habits is quite important.(5)We should concentrate on the important parts, skim the rest, and skip the insignificant parts. Sometimes we should read silently rather than read aloud. The second point I’d like to make is about the types of reading. Many books, papers and dissertations have been written about various types of reading, as well as methods of teaching reading. We will not go into details but will briefly revise basic types of reading. In academic environment, there are two basic types of reading: intensive and extensive. Let us briefly look at them separately. What is intensive reading?(6)Intensive reading is reading carefully for an exact understanding of text. In practical life, acquired intensive reading skills are used for comprehension of contracts, business letters, memorandums, application forms and legal documents.(7)Intensive reading equips us with basic reading strategies to enable us to achieve fluency and competence in the areas of vocabulary recognition and to develop critical thinking skills. The objectives of intensive reading courses are usually achieved through the following activities, such as, distinguishing a variety of texttypes and genres, guessing and predicting the content of a text, interacting with a variety of texts for different purposes, and so on. Then what is extensive reading?(8)Extensive reading is reading a lot for pleasure at a fairly easy level with emphasis on general understanding so that whatever is read is comprehended without the use of a dictionary.(9)Extensive reading increases language proficiency, especially reading level and speed.(10)Extensive reading encourages us to take charge of our own reading development and produce independent readers who value reading as a life-long pursuit. Also it develops the habit of reading not just for information or to perform certain tasks but also for pleasure. The objectives of extensive reading are usually achieved through establishing personally relevant reading goals, comparing a variety of question types and narrations, maintaining a record with details of reading accomplished each week, and so on. To be specific, while reading intensively or extensively, we should notice a balance—a balance to be struck between real reading materials on the one hand and our levels and interests on the other. There is some authentic written material which beginners can understand to some degree: menus, timetables, signs and basic instructions. But for intermediate and advanced readers, many original or abridged books and books via the Internet can be offered. Anyway, the materials to be read should be interesting and meaningful. Thirdly, I’d like to say, generally speaking, reading programs for different levels of readers have different focuses and emphasize specific reading skills.(11)Programs for beginners generally focus on developing a basic reading vocabulary, decoding skills and reading for meaning.(12)Programs for intermediate or advanced readers are shifted to expanding vocabulary, refining comprehension skills and mastering skills. In order to make reading more efficient, it is necessary for us to know some reading strategic skills. Skimming and scanning are two specific reading strategic skills for quick and efficient reading.(13)The purpose of skimming is to find the main idea of the passage. Readers often do skimming when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time.(14)When skimming, readers only try to locate specific information and they often do not even follow the development of the story. Scanning is another technique readers often use when looking up a word in a telephone book or dictionary to(15)search for key words or ideas. Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the page to seek specific words and phrases. Based on this, I will introduce to you three strategies which may help you to conduct effective reading. First, make sure the books are specific to your age and reading levels. Second, find some background information which relates to the book before reading. Third, leave plenty of time for reflection and let yourself be free to develop imagination at the end of the reading. OK, today we had a brief look at the ways of how to be effective readers, and the types and skills of reading as well. Undoubtedly, reading is always beneficial.I hope you’ll enjoy reading and keep reading after today’s lecture. Thank you for your attention.How to Be Effective Readers?I. Introduction of reading and how to be effective readersA. Introduction of readingA method of absorbing【T1】______【T1】______—comprehension—reading speedFactors influencing our reading ability:—vocabulary—cultural background knowledge-【T2】______【T2】______B.How to be effective readers Developing a love of reading:—making reading a regular and enjoyable activityHaving a clear【T3】______in reading:【T3】______—why improve the reading speed—different strategies for【T4】______【T4】______Developing good reading habits:—concentrating on the important parts-【T5】______【T5】______—skipping the insignificant partsII. The types of readingA. Intensive reading:—reading carefully for a(n)【T6】______of text【T6】______Benefits:—achieving fluency and competence in【T7】______【T7】______—developing critical thinking skillsB. Extensive reading:—reading a lot for pleasure with emphasis on 【T8】______【T8】______Benefits:—increasing【T9】______, especially reading level and speed【T9】______—promoting our own reading development—encouraging us to be【T10】______readers【T10】______—developing the habit of reading for pleasure III. The skills of effective reading A. Skill focuses for different levels of readersPrograms for beginners:—developing a basic reading vocabulary-【T11】______skills【T11】______—reading for meaningPrograms for intermediate or advanced readers:—expanding vocabulary—【T12】______comprehension skills 【T12】______—mastering skills B. Skills for quick and efficient reading Skimming: —finding the【T13】______of the passage【T13】______—only trying to locate【T14】______【T14】______Scanning:—searching for【T15】______or ideas【T15】______—moving your eyes quickly down the page1．【T1】正确答案：written information解析：本题考查重要细节。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.______children for obesity and providing them with appropriate counseling. With about one in three children in America obese and overweight, 2.______the need for such programs is clear. But experts say, creating them will be challenging. More than intensive hospital-based programs, few proven 3.______models exist for helping children and adolescents achieve and maintain a healthier weight, and researchers do not even fully understand the factors that contributed the rapid rise in childhood obesity in recent years. 4.______ While there are many community efforts aimed at getting every child to eat better and exercise more, including Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move”initiative, there is also growing demand for programs help children who 5.______are already seriously overweight. WellPoint and the UnitedHealth Group, another large insurer, are experimenting with the new approaches, and 6.______even Weight Watchers says it is working to develop a program for children and teenagers. Drug companies and medical device makers are also testing some products for children. 7.______ Adults have a difficult enough time lose weight, and the issues are 8.______even more complicated with children and teenagers, experts say. Children are still growing, and the goal of any program maybe to help them grow 9.______into a healthier weight rather than to actually gain pounds. Experts also 10.______say that to be successful, programs need to focus on the family as a whole, changing what everybody eats and how much time they are all active, not sitting in front of a computer screen or television.1．正确答案：insurances——insurers解析：本题为名词误用。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷19(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷19(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.______lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to something in life. But laziness can be 2.______more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons rather than simply wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be 3.______lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful in their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group 4.______task for fear of ridicule or of having their idea stolen. These people who seem lazy may be ruined by a fear of failure that prevents from fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so 5. ______busy planning, sometimes plan great deals of fantastic achievements that 6,______they are unable to deal with whatever “lesser” work on hand. Still the other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely 7. ______procrastinating rescheduling their day. Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, researching. We should all remember that all the great scientific discoveries occur by 8,______chance. Newton wasn’t working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy”build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “laziness” were caused 9.______by the worker’s taking time to check each step and to do his job rightly. So 10.______be careful when you’re tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next work.1．正确答案：∧everyone—and解析：本题为缺词错误。
专业英语八级模拟试卷515(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级模拟试卷515(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：I think as seniors, you must be often required by your instructors to do some literary research on this topic or that. But do you fully understand what a research proposal means or how important it is? To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. But how are we going to write one? In today’s lecture, I’ll try to answer these questions. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Therefore, a research proposal is usually structured in the same way as a research paper, i.e. title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, results and discussion. The first thing you need to consider in writing a proposal is the Title, which should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, “an investigation of...”could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader’s interest, but also predisposes him/her favorably towards the proposal. Then here comes the Abstract, which is often a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis ( if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used. As for the Introduction section, the main purpose of it is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing. Firstly, try to place your research question in the context of either a current “hot” area, or an older area that remains viable. Secondly,you need to provide a brief but appropriate historical backdrop. Thirdly, provide the contemporary context in which your proposed research question occupies the central stage. Finally, identify “key players” and refer to the most relevant and representative publications. In short, try to paint your research question in broad brushes and at the same time bring out its significance. The introduction typically begins with a general statement of the problem area, with a focus on a specific research problem, to be followed by the rational or justification for the proposed study. After the Introduction section, there is usually the Literature Review. Sometimes the Literature Review is incorporated into the Introduction section, but most professors prefer a separate section, which allows a more thorough review of the literature. There are different ways to organize your Literature Review. Make use of subheadings to bring order and coherence to your review. For example, having established the importance of your research area and its current state of development, you may devote several subsections on related issues as: theoretical models, measuring instruments, cross-cultural and gender differences, etc. The Method section of the proposal is very important because it tells your Research Committee how you plan to tackle your research problem. It will provide your work plan and describe the activities necessary for the completion of your project. The guiding principle for writing the Method section is that it should contain sufficient information for the reader to determine whether methodology is sound. Some even argue that a good proposal should contain sufficient details for another qualified researcher to implement the study. You need to demonstrate your knowledge of alternative methods and make the case that your approach is the most appropriate and most valid way to address your research question. Please note that your research question may be best answered by qualitative research. However, since most mainstream psychologists are still biased against qualitative research, especially the phenomenological variety, you may need to justify your qualitative method. Furthermore, since there are no well-established and widely accepted canons in qualitative analysis, your method section needs to be more elaborate than what is required for traditional quantitative research. More importantly, the data collection process in qualitative research has a far greater impact on the results as compared to quantitative research. That is another reason for greater care in describing how you will collect and analyze your data. As for the Results section, obviously you do not have results at the proposal stage. However, you need to have some idea about what kind of data you will be collecting, and what statistical procedures will be used in order to answer your research question or test your hypothesis. At last, it is important to convince your reader of the potential impact of your proposed research, which is the main purpose of the Discussion section. You need to communicate a sense of enthusiasm and confidence without exaggerating the merits of your proposal. That is why you also need to mention the limitations and weaknesses of the proposed research, which may be justified by time and financial constraints as well as by the early developmental stage of your research area. To sum up, in today’s lecture, we’ve looked at issue of proposal writing. Remember, the quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project mayrun the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling.What is a research proposal? 1)intended to convince others that-- you have a worthwhile 【1】______-- you have the 【2】______ and work-plan to complete it 2)usually structured in the same way as 【3】______ Ⅱ. How to write a research proposal? 1)Title-- to be concise and 【4】______-- often in terms of a functional relationship 2)Abstract-- a brief summary of about 300 words-- including 【5】______, the rationale for study, the hypothesis, the method and main findings 3)Introduction-- purpose: to provide the background for the research problem-- frame: to paint your research question in broad brushes and bring out its significance to put the research question in the context of a current hot area, or an older area still viable to provide a brief but appropriate 【6】______ to provide the contemporary context 4)【7】______-- many different ways to organize this part-- use of subheadings to bring order and coherence to this part 5)Methods--purpose: to provide your work plan and describe the activities necessary for the completion of your project-- guiding principle: sufficient information to justify the soundness of the methodology to demonstrate your knowledge of 【8】______ and prove that your method is the most appropriate to use qualitative method and justify it to be more elaborate than what is required for traditional quantitative research 6)Results-- no results at the proposal stage-- to have some idea of data to be collected and statistical procedures to be used 7)Discussion-- to convince readers of 【9】______ of the proposed research-- to include merits as well as 【10】______ of your research1．【1】正确答案：research project2．【2】正确答案：competence3．【3】正确答案：(a) research paper4．【4】正确答案：descriptive5．【5】正确答案：(the) research questions6．【6】正确答案：historical backdrop7．【7】正确答案：Literature Review8．【8】正确答案：alternative methods9．【9】正确答案：(the) potential impact10．【10】正确答案：limitations/weaknesses/limitations and weaknessesSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：M: Joining us now is Dr. Joanne Getsy, medical director of the Drexel Sleep Center. Dr. Getsy, welcome!W: Good morning!M: Good to have you here. We talk about insomnious people who can’t seem to get to sleep. Then you have folks, I think, [1]I’m one of them who just don’t sleep because you’re just too busy. I meant to go to bed at nine last night. It was 22: 30 before I climbed into bed. So how do you separate the two?W: [1]Oh, I think most people who complain of trouble sleeping are really in your category. And there is just the 24-hour world. We have too much to do. And there is just not enough time for sleep. And I think the important thing is that people don’t understand the importance of sleep. You know, we exercise and we eat right and we try to do what is right for us. But we forget that sleep is as important as all of those things. M: It is not a luxury. It’s a health thing. The National Institute of Health says 10-15% of the general population struggles with chronic insomnia. And some of those people do fall in the category of, they can’t sleep, as much as they try, they can’t. W: That’s right! And when we see them at sleep specialists, We can usually determine from what they tell us, whether they really have insomnia and have trouble sleeping, or whether they just can’t seem to find the time for sleep. M: Alright. Primary insomnia, again, these are people who can’t sleep enough because of the health condition. But they simply can’t get to sleep. You have got some advice forthem, including “To stay asleep, you must stay awake. “W: Yes! [2]Well, the important thing is to keep a schedule. People that have trouble sleeping really need to schedule when their sleep is going to be. They must try to find the time when they’re going to be asleep and the time they must stay awake. M: Even, even in fact I’m not tired until 3 a. m. ?W: Then, then you go to bed at 3 a. m. M: Go to bed at 3 a. m. ? And then get up and go to work at 7 or 8. . . W: Exactly! [5]And we actually make a schedule and that means there’s no point in lying in bed for two hours. Your mind wants to see production. M: Do you say “Set a bedtime”and “Don’t lie awake in bed”?W: Absolutely right!M: And also “Persevere”. W: Well, it’s hard, you know. M: So, this isn’t gonna be an overnight change. W: Trying to learn to sleep is a long process and it takes a lot of dedication. You have to stick with it. And don’t give up. M: And so this is someone who’s gonna really stick with the program. W: Precisely. It’s like quitting smoking or drinking. You have to really put the time in it. If people are ready, it would work. But it is not easy. M: Let’s talk about something you call “sleep hygiene—the tips you say anyone can use to improve their habits. “Make sleep a priority”. And then let’s get back to people like me. Right?W: Well, that’s hard. I mean we have so many responsibilities in the world. But if you find that your sleeplessness is disturbing the way you feel during the day, then you have to make it a priority. M: And then “Make your bedroom comfortable”. W: Well, I mean your bedroom needs to be comfy and cozy. You shouldn’t have your computer in your bedroom, and you shouldn’t be paying your bills while you are lying in bed. It ought to be comfortable and inviting. M: We all know that caffeine will keep us awake. But you say “Don’t have caffeine after lunch”. Someone going to bed at nine or ten, I mean does it really stay with them that long?W: [3]Caffeine can stay with you up to 10 hours. And so you have to make sure you stop if it’sbothering you and if you have trouble sleeping, you shouldn’t have caffeine after lunchtime. M: I’m reading the next tip. I hate to tell you that in about an hour I am gonna be taking a nap, but you say “Don’t take a nap during the day”. W: Well, I think naps are good. If they are people like you, you have a crazy schedule and you can’t get to sleep and maybe tonight you have something else that you have to do. And I think in that type of situation, a nap is good. It’s gonna revive you. M: Do you like a twenty-minute nap or two-hour nap? I mean is too much bad?W: [4]Too much is too bad. You have to keep it less than 45 minutes. Because if you take a nap that’s longer than that, you will end up getting deep sleep then you wake up feeling worse instead of better. M: Alright. Dr. Getsy, it’s good to have you here.11．For most people who have sleeping troubles, which of the following is the most usual cause?A．Their room is not cozy.B．They are busy and occupied.C．They have chronic disease.D．They take a nap after lunch.正确答案：B解析：主持人提到，他就是因为太忙了才会失眠。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷215(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷215(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEUnderscoring the importance of Asia to the United States in the new century, Hillary Clinton is breaking with tradition as new Secretaries of State often the first visit Europe or the Middle East.【S1】______ It is no accident Japan is the first stop in Asia. The United States and Japan, which were bitter enemies in World War II, havesince enjoyed decades as critic trading partners and allies on the【S2】______security front. Both governments have confirmed that beside the【S3】______ailing global economy, a number of security issues is on the agenda.【S4】______ Clinton is to meet with his Japanese counterpart and Prime【S5】______Minister Taro Aso, whose popularity has plunged. She is also meeting the leader of the Democratic Party of Japan, Ichiro Ozawa, who could become prime minister if the largest opposition party comes into power in this year’s national election.【S6】______ “Japan is eager to see North Korea bring back to the six-way【S7】______talks aimed at ending Pyongyang’s nuclear proliferation. “Former spokesman and current advisor Tomohiko Taniguchi at Japan’sForeign Ministry tell VOA News that Tokyo strongly desires a revival【S8】______of the negotiations to end the military threat to Japan posed by North Korea. ““ It has to be revitalized. Mrs. Clinton is going to talk with the Japanese government, South Korean government and then Beijing government to consolidate their positions,”Taniguchi said. Advisor Taniguchi at Japan’s Foreign Ministry says his country hopesClinton’s trip results from a closer partnership between Washington【S9】______and Beijing, but not at expense of the special U. S.-Japan【S10】______relationship.1．【S1】正确答案：第一个the—去掉the解析：冠词冗余。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷251(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷251(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGE1．With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 20th centuries.正确答案：冠词冗余，应删除Europe前面的定冠词the。
解析：定冠词the通常表示特指，Europe是专有名词，无需加定冠词。
知识模块：改错2．In addition, the paper instituted a content audit that evaluates the frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs.正确答案：名词单复数错误，应把woman改为women。
解析：此处woman与people of color并列作of的宾语，由于people是集体名词，从平行结构的角度考虑，应该将woman改为women。
知识模块：改错3．A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors’ study because without them one can read books only in translation.正确答案：代词误用，应把them改为it。
解析：此处代词指代a knowledge of several languages，其中knowledge是中心词，是单数形式，所以要把them改为it。
知识模块：改错4．More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms and in villages.正确答案：介词缺失，应在instead后面加上of。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷21(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷21(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.______involved with women’s rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal age for marriage. 2.______ In the West, 13-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married 3.______in one’s later teens is not usually encouraged because married life is likely to 4.______interfere in a young woman’s education and consequently restrict opportunities 5.______in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female immortality in many countries. 6.______ Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adult. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran 7.______and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around 13 or 14 is the legal minimum age for marriage. It is declared that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic 8.______law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people. In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a rise in the number of child brides. However, early marriages 9.______continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between families, villages and communities. It is clear that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there don’t tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, until these real causes are addressed, 10.______it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a country’s governing body.1．正确答案：high —highly解析：本题为副词误用，high作为副词表示“物理高度”，比如stand high；highly作为副词表示“抽象高度”，比如think of sb．highly。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷351(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷351(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEIn the past, degrees were very unusual in my family. Today, five of my brothers and sisters have degrees, and two are studying for their masters.Furthermore, some people think that this increased access to education is 【M1】______devaluing degrees. In this essay, I will look at some of the arguments for and against the increased emphasis on degrees in our society. People have several arguments for the need for degrees. They say 【M2】______that having so many graduates devalues a degree. People lose respectto the degree holder. It is also claimed that education has become a rat 【M3】______race. Graduates have to compete for jobs even after years of studying. Another point is that study for such a long time leads to learners 【M4】______to becoming inflexible. They know a lot about one narrow subject, but are un- 【M5】______able to apply their skills. Employers prefer more flexible and adoptable workers. 【M6】______ However, I feel strongly that this move to have more qualifications is a 【M7】______positive development. In the past education was only for the rich and powerful. Now it is available to everyone, and this will have many advantages forthe country and individual. First of all, it is impossible to be overeducated. 【M8】______The more people are educated, the better the world will be, because people will be able to discuss and exchange ideas. A further point is that peoplewith degrees have many more opportunities. They can take a wider varietyof jobs and do what they enjoy doing, instead of forced to take a job they 【M9】______dislike. Finally, a highly educated workforce are good for the economy of 【M10】______the country. It attracts foreign investment. In conclusion, although there are undoubtedly some problems with increased levels of education, I feel strongly that the country can only progress if all its people are educated to the maximum of their ability.1．【M1】正确答案：Furthermore —However解析：“Furthermore”一词在这里不合逻辑，在此处应表示转折而非递进，所以应选择表示转折的副词如“However”。
专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷306(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷306(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. LANGUAGE USAGEPART III LANGUAGE USAGEIt is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. “Old ladies” are already becoming rare. In a few years, we may well believe, theywill be extinctive. Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease. In【M1】______so far as the campaign for more beauty is also a campaign for morehealth, it is admirable but genuinely successful. Beauty that is【M2】______merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health isintrinsically poorer quality than the genuine article. The apparatus【M3】______for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within the reach ofevery moderately prosperity person; the knowledge of the way in【M4】______which real health can be achieved is growing, and will in time, nodoubt, universally acted upon. When that happy moment comes,【M5】______will every woman be beautiful—as beautiful, at any rate, as thenatural shape of his features, with or without surgical and chemical【M6】______aid permits? The answer is obvious: No. For real beauty is as much anaffair of the inner as the outer self. The beauty of a porcelain jar is【M7】______the matter of shape, of colour, of surface texture. The jar may be【M8】______empty or tenanted by spiders, full of honey or stinking slime—itmakes no difference as to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is【M9】______lively, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the【M10】______human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents.1．【M1】正确答案：extinctive—extinct解析：词汇错误。
专业英语八级改错模拟试题
专业英语八级改错模拟试题The future is scary but you can't just run to the past cause it's familiar.以下是为大家搜索的专业英语八级改错模拟试题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!When I decided to return back to school at the 1age of thirty-five, I wasn’t at all worried for my 2ability to do the work. After all, I was a grown woman who has raised a family, not a confused3teenager freshly out of school. But when I 4started classes, I realized that those “confused teenagers” who sitting around me were in 5more better shape for college than I was. They still6had all their classroom skills in bright, shiny7condition, while mine grown rusty from disuse. I8had totally forgotten how to locate information in a library, what to write a report,9or even how to speak up in class discussion. 101. 去掉backreturn本身就相当于back或go back，此处back意义重复2. for改为aboutworry about是固定词组，表示“为……担忧”，而worry for 后加人时表示“为某人担忧”3.has改为had定语从句中时态应与主句一致4. freshly改为freshfresh out of school作后置定语修饰teenager。
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[外语类试卷]专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷151
一、PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
1 A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten the lives.
2 Concentration is one of the most important elements in dangerous driving.
3 The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom.
4 While technology makes this possible for four or even six billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities.
5 The West Lake is so beautiful place that it attracts thousands of tourists every year.
6 Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series of indicators that could help themselves to predict earthquakes.
7 As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the environment.
8 Those students, who have passed the examination, they needn't take the course this term.
9 Zoological parks in many cities export birds from many lands and are a source of recreation for millions of people each year.
10 An expert, together with some assistants, have been sent to help us with the project.
11 In the eighteenth century farmers were quite self-sufficient. The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed.
12 Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial and banking center.
13 The United States Constitution requires that the President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or be older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.
14 Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decompose animal debris.
15 A common use with gold in the nineteenth century was as a standard for the value of money.
16 A hologram is a pattern usually made on film in that can create a three-dimensional image of a scene.
17 The methods of spectrum analysis vary according to the wavelength region were studied.
18 Having resided in New Mexico for many years, painter Georgia O'Keefe employs such as Southwestern motifs as bleached bones, rolling hills, and desert blooms.
19 A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall.
20 The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from Maine to Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.
21 Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became secretary of labor.
22 Too much electric current may flow into a circuit as a result either of a fault in the circuit and of an outside event such as lightning.
23 Barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing.
24 It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
25 Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.。