中石油职称英语考试真题答案(翻译部分)
2005-2013中石油职称英语考试真题翻译汇编
05Translation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.06IV. Translation（2004版32课Energy in Transition）Supplying energy in 1970 required the harvesting, processing and combustion of some three billion metric tons of coal, some 17 billion barrels of oil, more than a trillion cubic meters of natural gas and perhaps two billion cubic meters of fuel wood. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuel wood harvesting.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fieldsare discovered, they will make little differe nce, against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need None has very good prospects for delivering large qu antities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs. 71~Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East,/the cheapest oil and gas arc alrcaci5 gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need. They may never be capable of delivering large quantities of electricity at cos ts comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.译文：70年能源供应需要开采、加工和燃烧大约30亿公吨的煤和褐煤，大约170亿桶的石油，一万多亿立方米的天然气和大约20亿立方米的木柴。
中国石油天然气公司高级英语考试英汉互译(二).doc
15、动物如何听到声咅1.When we talk about ears, we usually mean the oddly［ (odd):adj •奇数的］wrinkledtadj .右皱纹“勺］appendages［ (appendage) ：n. |J(J on the sides of our heads.1、当我们提到耳朵，通常指那个生长在我们头部两侧的奇怪的褶皱的附属肢休。
2.We are aware［a.知道的，意识到的］that at the end of the central［adj・中心的，中央的］hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear, with an eardrum［n.耳膜］and a few little bones［ (bone):n.骨, 骨头］.Even deeper lies the inner ear, the organ［n•器'吉］with which we ''hear2、我们知道，在外耳中孔的底部有东西称为中耳，它由一个耳豉和一些小骨骼构成。
而真正能使我们“听”的器官在更深处的内耳。
3.Animals such as dogs and cats also have conspicuous ［adj •明眼的，惹人注目的；炫辉的，摆阔气的］outer ears, but few of us probably ［adv.很可能；大概］ever stopped to think whether there might［v.aux•可能；也许］be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath ［prep •在…下面］those pointed tips［比 i p):n.ffi, 末端；小费］.Yet, we know very well that these animals hear.3、诸如猫和狗这样的动物也有引人注忖的外耳，但很少人能够停下来去想，在竖立的尖儿下面，是否那里也右类似于屮耳和内耳的东四。
中石油2016年职称英语考题及参考答案
中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD. prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。
【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西）secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD. discontinue【参考答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。
中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
I. Vocabulary(20 points)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.a. absorbedb. dissolvedc. discoveredd. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.a. advocateb. candidatec. sponsord. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.a. medalb. modelc. modled. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.a. carried onb. carried awayc. carried outd. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.a. waysb. behaviorc. attituded. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a. modernizeb. supplyc. updated. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.a. all in allb. above allc. after all d over all8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country.a. appropriateb. thoughtfulc. considerabled. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a. investb. invent d. involve d. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.a. add up tob. make up forc. come up withd. put up with11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.a. spinb. rollc. rotated. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.a. atb. withc. tod. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.a. attached tob. responsible toc. resistant tod. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.a. appreciationb. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.a. proceedb. progressc. promised. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______.a. admittedb. remittedc. permittedd. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.a. imaginativeb. peculiarc. persistentd. original19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century.a. run offb. run outc. run upd. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.a. in caseb. so thatc. as tod. such asII. Grammar (20 points)21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social andpolitical upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has been surviving23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants andanimals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.”a. Waveb. Wavingc. Wavedd. Been waved26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security systemduring their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Most people who27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most.a. it was not givenb. was givenc. it was not given nord. was not it given28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constantor declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of theoriginal set o9f genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock foran enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonc. should be imprisond. will be imprisoned32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit of producible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighter34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That one of the giftsd. One of thegifts35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”.a. canb. couldc. mayd. wouldIII. Reading comprehension (30 points)Question 41-44Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big eno ugh to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices..If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, they are once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raise production by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week.A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oil market, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. By mid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come upwith a meager quota increase.41. The passage confirms thata. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but ittakes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.44. What can you infer from the passage?a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices when the prices get very high.c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them eventhough they wish tod. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices.Question 45-48The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________a. poor memoriesb. great loyaltyc. more intelligent the dogd. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man46. The horse originated___________a. in the Middle Eastb. in Europec. on the North American continentd. in Spain47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________a. for foodb. for prestigec. to make moneyd. to work for him48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.Questions 49-52Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figuresc. Introduction of legislation to cub press powerd. The Government’s action to protect privacy.50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the PressComplaints Commission.b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favorof the press51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life?a. The members of Calcutt committeeb. royal familyc. pop starsd. somegovernment leaders52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy?a. To disclose criminal activityb. To be in agreement with Privacy Lawc. To gain popular supportd. To protect the privilegedQuestions 53-56When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.53. The best title for the passage is _________a. Games for Animalsb. The Origins and Meaning of Playc. A Playful View of Modern Philosophyd. The Role of Sport in Child Development54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________a. gain pleasureb. learn specific behavior patternsc. delight their ownersd. exercise their growing muscles55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____a. understand their childrenb. interact more with animals and naturec. channel their creativityd. improve their physical strength56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following?a. snobbishb. wealthyc. royald. admirableQuestion 57-60To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally agreed standards are being introduced. Several systems of documenting experimental methods and procedures are in use today and are becoming increasingly important for indicating data quality and verifying the integrity of studies. One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals. Since 1982 the range of laboratories inspected has been extended to include those working with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics and food additives. Good Laboratory Practice is concerned with the way. laboratory or field studies are planned, monitored, recorded and reported and the conditions under which this occurs. Following the principles of GLP ensures that the studies are properly planned, can be adequately carried out and are fully and accurately reported. As pan ofthe planning, execution and reporting of a study, the various processes carried out are carefully documented as Standard Operating Procedures.The value of long-term observation of environmental factors has only been recognized relatively recently although some monitoring of the environmental factors have been in existence for over a century. The best known long-term study is probably the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted. Broadbalk and the other long-term experiments at Rothamsted and elsewhere are now proving to be extremely valuable by answering questions not considered, nor even conceived, when they were originally set up. Even so they are limited in geographic scope and by the fact that they are confined to one land use category. Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically, have in the main been set up to measure just one aspect of the environment. In contrast, the Environmental Change Network (ECN) was set up to give added value to long-term monitoring and data collection by providing a network of sites in different parts of the U.K. and under a variety of land use conditions where comparable long-term data on a wide variety of environmental variables could be recorded.The idea of a network such as ECN was first considered in the mid 1970s but the concept did not reach fruition until 1992. The selection of the initial network of terrestrial sites was based on a range of criteria. One of the most important requirements, given the intended long-term nature of the project, was financial security although consistent quality of research was also required. The project intended that other sites representing more variable climate zones and land use will eventually join the network as funding becomes available.The monitoring carded out at each ECN site covers a range of physical, chemical and biological measurements. Where possible procedures and measurements used by existing national monitoring schemes are employed so that ECN provides an integrating function for the more extensive sectorial networks. Environmental changes due to factors such as climate change are likely to be difficult to identify against the background noise arising from the numerous sources, both natural and man-made, of environmental variability. It is desirable, therefore, to minimize any additional variation due to operator involvement. To this end, and to ensure consistency and repeatability, protocols for each of the key measurements were produced.57. How many experiment(s) was (were) conducted on the monitoring of the environmental factors?a. Unknownb. Twoc. threed. one58. What does the underlined word mean in “One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals?”a. Performanceb. Standardc. Experimentd. Repetition59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representingmore geographical areasb. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of theenvironmentc. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.d. Environmental Change Network was wet up to make long-term monitoring of environmentmore costly60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the mostpromising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors.a. Broasbalk Experimentb. Good Laboratory Practicec. Environmental Change Networkd. Standard Operating ProceduresCloze (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude65. In b. With c. For d. By66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover68. a. at b. in c. about d. for69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. markedTranslation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.解析：I. Vocabulary(20 points)1. a. absorbed (吸收) b. dissolved （分解） c. discovered 发现 d. recovered 恢复（健康）2. a. advocate 鼓吹者 b. candidate候选人 c. sponsor 发起者 d. opponent 对手3. a. medal 奖牌 b. model 模特 c. modle （无此词） d. modest 和善的4.a. carried on 继续 b. carried away 得意忘形 c. carried out 执行d. carried over继续下去；使继续下去(2) 把…争取到自己这边来5. a. ways 方式（ways of acting=behavior 行为方式，整个短语等同于behaviour, 因此若用behavior就不能再出现acting，这两个词同义） b. behavior 行为 c. attitude 态度 d. means 手段，方法6. 在信息时代，他们时刻更新知识。
2023年中石油职称英语真题及答案
2023年中石油职称英语考试真题及参照答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent【参照答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷旳；严酷旳；严厉旳；恶劣旳unconscious adj.无知觉旳；昏迷旳；不省人事旳；无意识旳thrive v.繁华；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣旳；十分严重旳；严厉旳；苛刻旳prudent adj.谨慎旳；谨慎旳；精明旳2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参照答案】B【出处】2023版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。
【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪旳东西）secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露旳；惯于掩藏自己旳；有城府旳feelawkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD.discontinue 【参照答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。
中石化职称英语(高级含教授级)汉译英复习材料(通用+炼化工程)
U1 How to be happy1、吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和有很大影响。
Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset.2、在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪。
A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness.3、我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。
We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships, which inevitably damage our wellbeing.4、如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。
If this bad mood stays inside our mind, it will lead us to an unresolved destructive depression.5、我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。
We should not avoid these problems but face them instead.U21、随着大量市民被迫迁到遥远的效外，汽车的需求量正在飞涨。
The demand for cars is soaring as growing numbers of citizens are pushed into distant suburbs.2、生态城市将把传统设计要素同最先进的绿色技术相结合。
The eco-city will combine elements of traditional design with the latest green technologies.3、预计到2010年将有一千辆燃料电池车投入使用，而到2012年将增至一万辆。
2023中石油职称英语考试真题及答案
2023中石油职称英语考试真题及答案2023 CNOOC Professional Title English Exam Questions and AnswersThe CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation) professional title English exam is a crucial test for employees in the oil and gas industry. Below are some sample questions and answers that may appear on the 2023 CNOOC professional title English exam.Part 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:Oil prices have been fluctuating in recent years, causing uncertainty in the global oil market. Factors such as geopolitical tensions, supply and demand dynamics, and the impact of renewable energy sources have all contributed to the volatility in oil prices. Companies in the oil and gas industry need to be prepared to adapt to these changes in order to remain competitive.1. What are some of the factors contributing to the fluctuation in oil prices?Answer: Geopolitical tensions, supply and demand dynamics, impact of renewable energy sources.2. Why do companies in the oil and gas industry need to be prepared for changes in the market?Answer: To remain competitive.Part 2: Vocabulary and Grammar1. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:The company is ___________ a new drilling project in the Arctic.A) conductingB) constructingC) conservingD) contradictingAnswer: A) conducting2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition:The company is investing billions of dollars __________ renewable energy projects.A) inB) onC) atD) forAnswer: A) in3. Choose the correct form of the verb:By the end of next year, the company __________ a new refinery in the Middle East.A) will buildB) will be buildingC) will have builtD) will have been buildingAnswer: C) will have builtPart 3: WritingWrite a brief essay (200-300 words) on the following topic:"The future of renewable energy in the oil and gas industry"Answer:Renewable energy is an increasingly important aspect of the oil and gas industry as companies strive to reduce their carbon footprint and meet sustainability goals. The future of renewable energy in the industry looks promising, with investments in solar, wind, and biofuel projects on the rise. Companies that embrace renewable energy will not only benefit the environment but also position themselves as leaders in a rapidly evolving market. As technology advances and costs decrease, renewable energy is expected to play a significant role in the future of the oil and gas industry.In conclusion, the 2023 CNOOC professional title English exam will test employees on their knowledge of the oil and gas industry, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. By preparing for the exam, employees can enhance their skills and stay competitive in the industry. Good luck to all the test-takers!。
20052010年中石油职称英语考试真题及答案和解析.doc
2005-2010年中石油职称英语考试真题及答案和解析英语试题库 /zsf0079 2005 年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案 I. Vocabulary(20 points) 1. Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________. a. absorbed b. dissolved c. discovered d. recovered 2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes. a. advocate b. candidate c. sponsor d. opponent 3. An Olympic runner wins a_______. a. medal b. model c. modle d. modest 4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago. a. carried on b. carried away c. carried out d. carried out 5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting. a. ways b. behavior c. attitude d. means 6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas. a. modernize b. supply c. update d. upgrade 7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood. a. all in all b. above all c. after all d over all 8. It‟s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country. a. appropriate b. thoughtful c. considerable d. sufficient 9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit. a. invest b. invent d. involve d. invite 10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day. a. add up to b. make up for c. come up with d. put up with11. Don‟t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun. a.spin b. roll c. rotate d. revolve 13. No sense in you getting us both killed! I yelled _____ him. a. at b. with c. to d. out 14. What you have done is ______ doctor‟s orders. a. attached to b. responsible to c. resistant to d. contrary to 15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome. ...。
2007年中石油职称英语考试真题及部分参考答案
2007中石油职称英语考试试题（第二版）试卷类型：17I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to __ confidence.A. rewardB. winC. gainD. earn分析：翻译：你的演讲课会给你一次获得信心的机会。
reward：为获得荣誉，奖励，奖赏，不可以和信心搭配。
win:赢得，可以搭配的有比赛，战争，赌博等。
gain:获得信心earn:第一个排除，赚钱的意思。
2. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the__.A. inconveniencesB. hazardsC. harmoniesD. hatreds分析：翻译：过滤嘴和低焦油烟草据说会使吸烟更加安全，但他们只是减少而并非完全削除吸烟所带来的灾害。
inconveniences：麻烦。
hazards :危害，灾害。
harmonies:和谐hatreds:憎恨。
3. New environmental taxes on cars, gasoline, and wood products were__.A. reposedB. imposedC. importedD. exposed分析：翻译：新的环境税中，汽车、汽油和木材产品都要被征税。
中国石油天然气公司高级英语考试英汉互译(一)
53 46. Why To Mark[vt.标明；作记号于] a Book.46、怎样在书上做标记1. You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything.I want to persuade[vt.说服；劝说] you to do something equally[(equal):adj.平等的；均等的] important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade[vt.说服；劝说]you to "write between the lines." Unless[conj.除非，如果不]you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient[adj.(指人)有能力的]kind of reading.1、你知道读书必须要阅读，“字里行间的言外之意”，以求最充分的理解。
我劝你在读书过程中做一件同等重要的事情；我劝你“在字里行间里写字”。
不这样做，就达不到最有效的阅读效果。
2. I contend[v.声称,坚决地认为], quite bluntly[(blunt):v.减弱], that marking[(mark):vt.标明；作记号于] up a book is not an act[vi.(戏)表演 vt.扮演(角色)；演出(戏)] of mutilation[n.切断,毁损] but love.2、坦率地说，我认为，在书上涂抹标记不是一种损毁行为，而是爱。
3. You shouldn't mark[vt.标明；作记号于] up a book which isn't yours. Librarians[(librarian):n.图书馆管理员] (or your friends) who lend you books expect[vt.盼望；认为]you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking[(mark):vt.标明；作记号于]books, you will have to buy them. Most of the world's great books are available[adj.可利用的;可获得的] today, in reprint[n.再版,翻版,重印] editions[(edition):n.版；版本], for a modest[adj.谦虚的] sum[n.一笔钱].3、当然，你不应该在不属于你的书上做标记。
中石油职称英语考试真题及部分参考
博研石油论坛网2006 年中石油职称英语考试真题及部分参照答案I. Vocabulary1. They remained full of hope and determination ______ their repeated failures. 纲领 6--8A. in spite ofB. instead ofC. in search ofD. because of2.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their cars, and this ______ creates further problems. 纲领 3--9A. in turnB. in caseC. after allD. in time3.The football player is hoping to ______ to another club. 纲领 4--2A. transferB. transmitC. transformD. transport4.I wish my son would stop ______ and do something realistic.纲领 5--12A. hanging onB. hanging on toC. hanging aboutD. hanging up5.He was ______ by the external examiner. 04 版－ 7 课A. feltB. loseC. failedD. defeated6.A trap is one of the five essential ______ for a commercial accumulation of oil or gas. 04版－ 20课A. acquisitiveB. quietC. acquaintancesD. requisites7.The Saudis are also afraid that releasing too much oil could prompt a sudden price ______. 04版－50 A. deposit B. crash C. dump D. collapse8.The largest ______ever to attend a soccer match was at the World Cup final on July 16, 1950（.4－44） A. crowd B. swarm C. herd D. flock9.If you travel ______ , you see new customs, eat new foods, do new things, and come back home with a broader mind. 04 版－ 21A. aboardB. abroadC. overseaD. domestic10.The special education class contained the slow learners, those with ______ or mental disabilities, or those whose behavior made it hard for them to learn. 04版－ 31A. physicalB. practicalC. naturalD. behavior11. By one ______, almost one billion people watched the 1982 championship game on－44A. guessB. estimateC. predictD.expect12. Petrochemicals are generally chemical ______ derived from petroleum. 04版－ 46A. compoundsB. complexC. combinedD. complicated13. American pencil makers ______ their product by the millions. 04版－ 40A. turn outB. turn downC. make ofD. make out14. Washington Roebling was a cripple ______ he lived. 04版－ 60A. as soon asB. as long asC. as much asD. as far as15.The Buick driver, a former convict, had been ______ from the Oklahoma county jail only aweek before. 04 版－ 54A. relaxedB. releasedC. relayedD. relieved16.Lincoln pulled Grigsby off, raised him shoulder high and threw him aside ______ he were asack of meal. 04版－ 25A. even thoughB. just becauseC. now thatD. as though17.Gene technology is already being used in a ______ of fields. 04版－ 42A. varietyB. variousC. variantD. scarcity18.The oil under the surface of the earth ______ in the distant past. 04版－ 45A. manufacturedB. generatedC. originatedD. estimated石油专业资料下载119.The costs may be so high that no company will ______ the work, 04版－ 45A. undergoB. underweightC. understandD. undertake20.If President Jackson ______ of a paper, he would write“all correct”on it. 04 版－ 59A. consentedB. admittedC. approvedD. agreedII. Grammatical Structure21.I would rather ______ here than go home书.外题A. to stayB. stayedC. stayD. staying22.The test ______, we began our holiday.书外题A. finishingB. having finishedC. finishedD. being finished23.I’m not sure ______.书外题A. why did she refused theft invitationB. why would she refused their invitationC. why have she refused their invitationD. why she refused their invitation24.Each of us ______ thinking the same thing. 04版－ 5（在时态上改了一下）A. amB. isC. areD. were25: China is larger than ______书.外题A. any countries in AsiaB. any other countries in AsiaC. all countries in AsiaD. Japan and Thailand as well as Asia26.The existence of oil wells ______ for a long time. 04版－ 45A. been knownB. was knownC. had been knownD. has been known27.Soccer is a fast sport ______ demands strong, hard play.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. in which28.If that Shell had hit us half a second sooner, it ______ the pilot. 04 版－ 5A. might have hitB. might hitC. must have hitD. would hit29.Not ______ any letter from him, I gave him a call.A. receiveB. receivingC. receivedD. have received30.This room needs ______.A. cleanB. to cleanC. being cleanD. cleaning21-30 CBDBB CBABD31-40 CCDBBABBAD31.I saw him ______.A. to danceB. dancesC. danceD. being dance32.It was very reluctantly ______ she agreed to help.A. forB. whatC. thatD. to33.We would like to hear some more ideas, ______ this matter?A. What do you think toB. How do you think ofC. How is your idea onD. What is your opinion on34.Not till he got home ______ that he had lost his keys.A. he realizedB. did he realizeC. realized heD. he did realize35.We shall start at seven if it __ by that time.A. will stop rainingB. has stopped rainingC. will have stopped to rainD. stop to rain36.Like the old, __ respected in our country.A. the female areB. the female isC. a female isD. female is石油专业资料下载237.Let us wait for you in the reading-room, __ ?A. shall weB. will youC. do weD. can you38.You’ll soon get used to __ a large breakfast in England大.纲 5--35A. eatB. eatingC. it that you eatD. you eat39.Since ___, he had to postpone his departure for Europe.A. he was illB. his illC. being illD. ill40.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed __A. to be caughtB. to caughtC. caughtD. being caughtReading Comprehension(书外文章 ) Television was not invented by any one person. Nor did it spring into being overnight. It developed gradually, over a long period, from the ideas of many people - each one building on the work of their predecessors’.The process began in 1873, when it was accidentally discovered that the electrical resistance of the element selenium硒() varied in proportion to the intensity of the light shining on it. Scientists quickly recognized that this provided a way of transforming light variations into electrical signals. Almost immediately a number of schemes were proposed for sending pictures by wire (it was, of course, before radio).One of the earliest of these schemes was patterned on the human eye. Suggestedby G. R. Carey in 1875. It envisioned ( 想像，展望 ) a mosaic (感光嵌镶幕 ) of selenium cells on which the picture to be transmitted would be focused by a lens system. At the receiving end there would be a similarly arranged mosaic made up of electric lights. Each selenium cell would be connected by an individual wire to the similarly placed light in the receiving mosaic. Light falling on the seleniumcell would cause the associated electric light to shine in proportion. Thus the mosaic of lights would reproduce the original pictures, Had the necessaryamplifiers( 放大器 )and the right kind of lights been available this system would have worked. But it also would have required an impractical number of connecting wires. Carey recognized this and in a second scheme proposed to“scan”the cells - transmitting the signal from each cell to its associated light, in turn, over a single wire. If this were done fast enough the retaining power of the eye would cause the resultant image to be seen asa complete picture.41.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Television in the Electronic EraB.Harmful Effects of Television ViewingC.First Steps in the Invention of TelevisionD.The Art of Television42.As it is used in the passage, the word“predecessors”(paragraph 1) meansA.a teacher of the highest rank in a university departmentB.a person who plans and understands the making of machines, roads, bridges, etc.C.a person who teaches, esp. as a professionD.a person who held a position before someone else43.An important discovery in early television was the electrical resistance of___A. mosaicsB. the human eyeC. lensesD. the element selenium 44. According to the information of the passage, the original picture would be reproduced by theA. signal of lightsB. mosaic of lightsC. element seleniumD. selenium cellsQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:(2004版第六课The Art of Public Speaking) There are many similarities between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of public speaking - to inform, to persuade, to entertain - are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost石油专业资料下载3without thinking about it, you employ a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically. You tailor your message to your audience. You tell a story for maximum impact. You adapt to feedback from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking.Of course, public speaking is also different from conversation. First, public speaking is more highly structured than conversation. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker, and it requires more detailed preparation than ordinary conversation. Second, speechmaking requires more formal language. Listeners react negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad grammar. Third public speaking demands a different method of delivery. Effective speakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at avoiding distracting physical mannerism and verbal habits.One of the major concerns of students in any speech class is stage flight. Actually, most successful speakers are nervous before making a speech. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you rather than against you. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you think positively, choose speech topics you really care about, prepare thoroughly, and concentrate on communicating with your audience. Like many students over the years, you too can develop confidence in your speechmaking abilities.Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ethical responsibilities. Ethical speakers use sound means to achieve sound goals. They do this by being well informed about their subjects, by being honest in what they say, by using sound evidence, and by employing valid reasoning45.The major goals that public speaking and daily conversation have in common are:A.The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to convey the message using formal language and requiring detailed preparation.B.The main goal of public speaking and daily conversation is to convey the message to a listener using their feedbackC.The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to inform, persuade, entertain the audience.D.The main goals of public speaking and daily conversation are to communicate a clear message through a channel without interference.46.Public speaking and daily conversation are different because:A.Daily conversation uses formal language and requires detailed preparation to conveythe message.B.Daily conversation is more structured than public speaking.C.Public speaking uses slang and physical gestures to convey their message to a larger audience.D.Public speaking uses formal language and is more structured than daily conversation.47.According to the article, you can gain confidence and make your nervousnesswork for you rather than against you by:A.more preparation and choosing topics you really care about.B.less preparation and more concentration on communicating with the audience.C.rehearsing your speech for hours on stage.D.memorizing every word of your speech before giving it.48.The main message of this article is:A.Public speaking is much harder than daily conversation.B.Public speaking requires years of training.C.Skilled public speakers have an ethical responsibility in the message they convey to their石油专业资料下载4audience by being honest and using sound evidence.D. Skilled public speakers are never nervous and have no stage fright.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:(2004版第45课Oil ) What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield ofthe world; very few of them are far distain from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil comeup to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers. In some cases oil comes out of the ground without any drilling at all and has been used for hundreds of years. In the island of Trinidad the oil is in the form of asphalt, a substance used for making roads. Sir Walter Raleigh visited the famous pitch lake of Trinidad in 1595; it is said to contain nine thousand million tons of asphalt. There are probably huge quantities of crude oil beneath the surface.The king of the oilfield is the driller. He is a very skilled man. Sometimes he sends his drill more than a mile into the earth. During the process of drilling, gas and oil at great pressure may suddenly be met, and if this rushes out and catches fire, the oil well may never be brought into operation at all. This danger is well known and steps are always taken to prevent it.There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near; onthe other hand, it may strike oil at a fairly high level. When the drill goes down, it brings up soil.The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. If they are disappointed at one place, the drillers go to another. Great sums of money have been spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in ‘prospecting’for oil. Sometimes little is found. When we buy a few gallonsof petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also pm of the cost of the searchthat is always going on.49.Scientists think thatA.oil was formed from large deposits of mud on the sea bed.B.coal was formed from shale under the surface of the earth.C.oil was formed from sea creatures caught between layers of rock.D.oil was formed from sea water by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature.50.“Where there is shale, there is likely to be oil”.The author says this in order to show thatA.shale is a sedimentary rock.B.oil was made from shale.C.oil was first formed under the sea.D.shale is another form of oil.51.The author mentions Trinidad becauseA.it has a famous lake which was visited by Sir Walter Raleigh.B.it probably has large quantities of crude oil under the surface.石油专业资料下载5C. it is an example of a place where drilling is not necessary to obtain oil.D. its asphalt is very good for making roads.52.The driller is unlucky whenA.the drill does not bring up any soil.B.the drill brings up soil.C.the drill strikes oil at a high level.D.the drill goes very near the oil without striking it.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:(书外文章 )Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated on March 4, 1801. He was the first President to take the oath of office in the nation’s permanent capital-Washington, D.C. Although Washington was a new city, it was already familiar to President Jefferson. In fact, Jefferson had helped plan the capital’s streets and public buildings. Besides being a city planner and architect the new President was a writer, a scientist, and the inventor of several gadgets and tools.After his inauguration, Jefferson moved into the Presidential Palace. The Palace was more than a home; it contained offices for the President and some of his staff and advisors. It also included dining and reception rooms, where the President could entertain congressmen. However, President Jefferson did not give many formal parties. This was partly because there was no First Lady. Jefferson’s wife had died in 1782. But it was also because Jefferson liked to live in a simple fashion. Once, he showed up for an important meeting wearing old clothes and down-at-the-heels slippers! Neither Washington nor Adams would ever have dressed so casually.Jefferson was different from the first two Presidents in other ways, too. He disagreed with them about how the country should be run, and about what part a President should play in running it.53.Which of the following statements about Washington, D. C. can be correctly inferred fromthe passage’?A.It contained many old buildings in 1801.B.It was not the first capital of the United States.C.The Presidential Palace was not located there.D.Thomas Jefferson was a newcomer there in 1801.54. According to the passage, the Presidential Palace was built to be.A. a meeting place for newspaperB. a hotel for visiting kingsC. an office building and homeD. a museum for colonial American tools and gadgets55.It can be inferred that one reason Thomas Jefferson did not entertain very often in Washington was becauseA.he and his wife did not have appropriate clothesB.he did not enjoy elaborate partiesC.the food in the area was not goodD.he could not understand foreign languages56.It can be interred from the passage that George Washington and John Adams bothA.lived for a long time in Washington, D. CB.traveled to many foreign countriesC.were rather formal gentlemenD.encouraged Jefferson to run for the presidencyQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:石油专业资料下载6（书外文章） The United State court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extentoverlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution) may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (person engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court - court of general jurisdiction - in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court: for example, the criminal defendant convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the courts suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing partyat the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the “loser”at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.57. According to the passage district courts are also know as ____.A. circuit courtsB. supreme courtsC. trial courtsD. intermediate courts58.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase“engaged in”could best bereplaced by which of the following?A. committed toB. attentive toC. involved inD. engrossed in59.The passage indicates that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may takethem to aA.different trial court in the same stateB.court in a different geographic regionC.state supreme courtD.federal trial court60.It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are __A.always appealed.ually resolved in the district courtsC.always overlappingually settled by the Supreme CourtSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markyour answer on the Answer Sheet.Foreign visitors to England often ask 61 for a good restaurant but when their hosts suggest one to them, it is usually Italian or French or Indian - in short, 62 English. The truth is that English people enjoy their own cooking at home but are often ashamed of it in public. Even the experts who write articles on food 63to use the French word “cuisine”, which suggests that “cooking”is inferior.In fact, English cooking is not 64as people think. The trouble with it, in my opinion, is石油专业资料下载7that the most appetizing typical dishes do not go with wine. At home, English people usually drink either water or beer or even (strange as it may seem) tea with their meals; in restaurants they sometimes think they had better order wine for the 65of appearances.66 a number of exclusive restaurants in Britain are trying to develop a “national cuisine”. But their main criterion 67appears to be to search 68in ancient cookery books and give the results names like“Mutton Winchester”- it ’s amazing how snobbery survives in the imitation French name, with the objective after the noun. Why couldn’t they have called it “Winchester Mutton ”? At 69of the scale, there are restaurants in London where you can have regional working-class specialties. Personally I would rather avoid the two extremes and go to a pub.Most pubs serve food that goes well with beer and, 70, who could ask for anything better?61.A. advices to people B. advices peopleC. people for adviceD. people advices62.A. anything not B. anything butC. nothing exceptD. nothing but63.A. like better B. are in favourC. would ratherD. prefer64.A. so much bad B. worseC. the worstD. nearly so bad65.A. good B. reasonC. needD. sake66.A. In this moment B. In this timeC. PresentlyD. At present67.A. at doing that B. by doing like thisC. on doing thusD. in doing so68.A. recipes B. receiptsC. for receiptsD. for recipes69.A. another end B. another sideC. the other endD. the other side70.A. being English beer what it isB.English beer being what is itC.being English beer what is itD.English beer being what it isIV . Translation（2004 版 32 课 Energy in Transition）Supplying energy in 1970 required the harvesting, processing and combustion of some three billion metric tons of coal, some 17 billion barrels of oil, more than a trillion cubic meters of natural gas and perhaps two billion cubic meters of fuel wood. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuel wood harvesting.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference, against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal,石油专业资料下载8solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need None has very good prospects for delivering large quantities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs. 71~Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East,/the cheapest oil and gas arc alrcaci5 gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today ’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need. They may never be capable of delivering large quantities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.答案： 1-10BAACC DDABA11-20BAABB DACDC21-30CBDBB CBABD31-40CCDBBABBAD阅读; 1-4 CDDB5-8CDAA9-12CCCC13-16BCBC 17-20CCDB完型：1-10 CBDCDDDDCD译文： 70 年能源供给需要开采、加工和焚烧大概30 亿公吨的煤和褐煤，大概170 亿桶的石油，一万多亿立方米的天然气和大概 20 亿立方米的木柴。
08中石化高级职称外语-汉译英
用塑料可以制成各种各样的生活必需品 All sorts of necessaries of life can be made 16. 学习外国的经验，必须有分析、有批判地学，不能盲目地学 We must learn foreign of plastics 因为天气太糟，我们未能成行 Bad weather made us cancel our trip 通过进一步研究，科学家们推测存在着一种迄今为止尚未为人所知的粒子 Further investigation led the scientists to conjecture about the existence of a previously unknown particle 昨天他们表演得很成功 Their performance yesterday was very successful experience with an analytical and critical eye, not blindly 17. 不搞改革开放，不坚持开放政策，实现现代化的战略目标就不可能实现 We cannot reach our strategic goal of realizing modernization unless we carry out reforms and open and the door wide and adhere to the open policy 18. 如果从水中除去足够的热量，就可把水变成冰 The removal of enough heat from water may change it into ice
坚持实现四个现代化是社会主义建设的大方向 The general orientation of socialist 20. 使用电子显微镜，可以获得大得多的放大率 With the electron microscope much construction is to adhere to the realization of four modernizations 她最大的业余爱好是养花种草 To grow flowers/Growing flowers/Gardening is her favorite pastime 预计今年的工业产量可比去年增长百分之八 The industrial production this year is expected to increase by 8% over that of last year 目前，对各种消费品的需求已大大增加 Now there is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods 重要的是，不要把中国搞成一个封闭性的国家 What is important is that we should never turn China back into a closed country 是否应继续使用这一方法，部分取决于是否还有其他形式的解决办法可供采用 The answer to the question of whether one should continue using the method depends in part on whether other forms of solutions are available 1. 这辆汽车的无线电收音机已经装好了 This automobile has been installed with a radio-set. 2. 这座大型水力发电站的供电量很大 This large hydroelectric power plant gives a large supply of power. 3. 一台典型的无线电发射机的功率是 100 千瓦 A typical radio transmitter has a power of 100 kilowatts. 4. 懒惰的人不会成功 Laziness makes success impossible. greater magnification can be obtained 乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物 The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural areas 当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展 Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on now energetically in our country 你我和其他任何人都没有看见 Neither you not I nor anybody else has seen it 不是你错就是我错 Either you are or I am wrong 当我去看她时，她总是在学习英语 She is always studying English when I visit her 他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学物质的爆炸 His absent-mindedness during the experiments nearly caused an explosion of the chemicals 到目前， 热加工和冷加工还在进行， 使材料的性能改善 Up to now ,hot-working and cold-working have been continued to improve the properties of materials 在实验开始以前， 一切器件都已准备好了 All the apparatus had been prepared before the experiment began 又有一座立交桥将于年底通车 Another flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of this year 那 个 城 市 因 地 震 而 遭 到 严 重 破 坏 The city suffered serious damage from the eaБайду номын сангаасthquake 介绍新书 recommend a new book
中石油职称英语考试试卷暨答案
\I. Vo Q:2409934629Directions:contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti"天然气Natural gas生油层Hydrocarbon generation油气运移Oil and gas migration垂直运移The vertical migration侧向运移Lateral migration储集层reservoir含有层Containing layer圈闭trap盖层cover隔层interlay遮挡Keep out含油面积Oil-bearing area油水边界Oil-water boundary储油面积Storage area工业油气藏Industrial oil and gas reservoirs构造油气藏Structural reservoirs地层油气藏Stratigraphic reservoirs岩性油气藏Lithologic reservoir储油构造Oil storage structure地质构造Geological structure沉积相The sedimentary facies沉积环境Sedimentary environmentwo languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, someEuropean firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language.纵向分辨率verticalresolution测井仪器能够分辨出的地层的最小厚度。
电测井仪器通常以纵向积分几何因子为90%时对应的地层厚度作为仪器的纵向分辨率。
冲洗带flushedzone在渗透性地层中，与井壁相邻的地层受到钻井液滤液冲洗。
24年中国石化专业人员职称英语考试卷
24年中国石化专业人员职称英语考试卷全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇124-Year China Petrochemical Professional Title English Exam PaperInstructions:1. Time: 120 minutes2. Total Marks: 1003. Answer all questions4. Write your answers on the answer sheet providedSection A: Multiple Choice Questions (25 marks)Choose the correct answer for each question.1. The primary function of China Petrochemical Corporation is:A. Exploration and drillingB. Refining and processingC. Distribution and marketingD. All of the above2. The abbreviation SINOPEC stands for:A. Southern International Petroleum CorporationB. Sino Petroleum CorporationC. China National Petroleum CorporationD. China Petrochemical Corporation3. The main product of China Petrochemical Corporation is:A. Natural GasB. CoalC. PetroleumD. Uranium4. The headquarters of China Petrochemical Corporation is located in:A. ShanghaiB. BeijingC. GuangzhouD. Chengdu5. China Petrochemical Corporation was founded in the year:A. 1988B. 2001C. 1998D. 2002Section B: Short Answer Questions (30 marks)Answer the following questions in brief.6. Describe the process of refining crude oil.7. Explain the significance of Petrochemical industry in China.8. How does China Petrochemical Corporation contribute to the country's economy?9. Discuss the environmental challenges faced by China Petrochemical Corporation.10. What are the future prospects of the Petrochemical industry in China?Section C: Essay Questions (45 marks)Write an essay on ONE of the following topics.11. The role of technological advancements in the growth of China Petrochemical industry.12. The importance of safety measures in Petrochemical plants and refineries.13. The impact of China Petrochemical industry on global energy market.14. Sustainable practices in China Petrochemical Corporation.15. The challenges and opportunities for women professionals in Petrochemical sector.Best of luck with your exam!篇224th China Petroleum Professional Title Examination in EnglishPart I Multiple Choices (40 points)Directions: For each of the following questions, choose the best answer from the four choices given.1. Which of the following is NOT a type of crude oil?A. BrentB. WTIC. GoldD. Dubai2. The standard unit for measuring natural gas is:A. BarrelB. GallonC. Cubic meterD. Liter3. The chemical formula for methane is:A. CH4B. C2H6C. C3H8D. C4H104. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of OPEC?A. Saudi ArabiaB. QatarC. RussiaD. Venezuela5. The process of converting crude oil into gasoline is called:A. RefiningB. ExtractionC. ExplorationD. DrillingPart II True or False (30 points)Directions: Determine whether the following statements are true or false.1. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used in the extraction of natural gas and oil. (T/F)2. The term "upstream" in the oil and gas industry refers to the exploration and production activities. (T/F)3. The Middle East is the largest producer of crude oil in the world. (T/F)4. The majority of natural gas reserves are found in North America. (T/F)5. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve in the United States is used for storing gasoline. (T/F)Part III Essay Questions (30 points)Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.1. Explain the difference between conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources.2. What are the main challenges facing the global petroleum industry in the 21st century?3. Describe the process of hydraulic fracturing and its environmental impacts.4. Discuss the importance of renewable energy sources in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.5. How can the petroleum industry improve its sustainability and reduce its environmental footprint?Part IV Vocabulary and Definitions (10 points)Directions: Match the following vocabulary words with their definitions.1. Reservoir2. Shale3. Distillation4. Refinery5. Renewable energyA. A rock formation that contains oil or gasB. The process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling pointC. A facility that processes crude oil into various petroleum productsD. Energy derived from resources that are naturally replenishedE. A fine-grained sedimentary rock that contains oil and gasGood luck on your examination!篇324-Year China Petrochemical Professional Title English Exam PaperPart I: Multiple Choice1. What does the acronym PET mean in the field of petrochemicals?A) Polyethylene TerephthalateB) Petrochemical Ethylene TolueneC) Petroleum Extraction TechnologyD) Polypropylene Ethylene Toluene2. Which of the following is NOT a commonly used method in the production of ethylene?A) Steam CrackingB) Catalytic ReformingC) DehydrogenationD) Oxidative Coupling3. Which of the following is a primary product of the catalytic cracking process?A) EthyleneB) PropyleneC) ButadieneD) Methanol4. What is the main application of polyethylene in the petrochemical industry?A) Water treatmentB) PackagingC) Automotive fuelsD) Lubricants5. Which of the following is a major challenge in the field of renewable energy in the petrochemical industry?A) Greenhouse gas emissionsB) Technological advancementsC) Cost competitivenessD) Regulatory compliancePart II: Short Answer1. Explain the process of steam cracking and its importance in the production of petrochemicals.2. Discuss the role of catalysts in the production of various petrochemical products.3. Describe the applications of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in different industries.4. Explain the concept of downstream processing in the petrochemical industry and its significance.5. Discuss the impact of digitalization on the future of the petrochemical industry.Part III: Essay Questions1. Analyze the challenges and opportunities of transitioning to a more sustainable petrochemical industry.2. Discuss the role of China in the global petrochemical market and its implications for the future.3. Evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the petrochemical industry and the strategies for recovery.4. Explore the potential of bioplastics as a sustainable alternative in the petrochemical industry.5. Assess the importance of continuous professional development for petrochemical professionals in the rapidly changing industry landscape.Part IV: Case StudyYou are working as a process engineer in a petrochemical plant that is looking to optimize its production processes to reduce energy consumption and emissions. Develop a comprehensive plan outlining the steps you would take to achieve this goal, considering both technical and operational aspects.Good luck on your exam!。
中石油职称英语阅读练习(含原文翻译)
中石油职称英语阅读练习（含原文翻译）这是一篇关于自动驾驶的中石油职称英语阅读题，为了帮助大家备考，请仔细阅读原文然后做出后面的习题。
希望大家喜欢。
Automatic Auto:a Car That Drives Itself1. In September a driverless Audi TTSwill speedto the top of Colorado's Pikes Peakat justunder100 kilometers per hourthat'sright, no driver. It is an early steptowardarobo-carthatcan driveitself(定语从句), perhapsbetter than you can.1、9 月份，一辆无人驾驶的(driverless)奥迪TTS 汽车将以略低于(under)每小时100 公里的速度驶向科罗拉多州的派克峰(Pikes Peak)顶部对!没有驾驶者!这是朝着机器人汽车(a robo-car)迈出的较早的一步，它或许比人操作得还好一些。
2. The Pikes Peak runis a jointproject of the Stanford University Dynamic Design Laboratory, theElectronicsResearchLab (ERL 电子研究实验室) forthe Volkswagen Group(大众集团)(whichowns Audi), and software- makerOracleCorp. The rough,part-gravel roadto the top of Pikes Peak is therouteofthe annual International Hill Climbrally,an annual auto and motorcycle race.The TTS runwilldemonstrate whetherthe car can takecurvesas fast asa humandriverwithout driving off a cliff.2、派克峰试驾(the PikesPeak run 本句的主语)是斯坦福大学动态设计实验室、大众集团(奥迪品牌拥有者)电子研究实验室，以及软件开发商甲骨文GS(Oracle Corp)的联合项目(a joint project)。
中石油职称英语阅读练习含原文翻译
中石油职称英语阅读练习含原文翻译中石油职称英语阅读练习（含原文翻译）这是一篇关于自动驾驶的中石油职称英语阅读题，为了帮助大家备考，请仔细阅读原文然后做出后面的习题。
希望大家喜欢。
Automatic Auto:a Car That Drives Itself1. In September a driverless Audi TTSwill speedto the top of Colorado's Pikes Peakat justunder100 kilometers per hour—that'sright, no driver. It is an early steptowardarobo-carthatcan driveitself(定语从句), perhapsbetter than you can.1、9月份，一辆无人驾驶的(driverless)奥迪TTS汽车将以略低于(under)每小时100公里的速度驶向科罗拉多州的派克峰(Pikes Peak)顶部——对!没有驾驶者!这是朝着机器人汽车(a robo-car)迈出的较早的一步，它或许比人操作得还好一些。
2. The Pikes Peak runis a jointproject of the Stanford University Dynamic Design Laboratory, theElectronicsResearchLab (ERL 电子研究实验室) forthe Volkswagen Group(大众集团)(whichowns Audi), and software-makerOracleCorp. The rough,part-gravel roadto the top of Pikes Peak is therouteofthe annual International Hill Climbrally,an annual auto and motorcycle race.The TTS runwilldemonstrate whetherthe car can takecurvesas fast asa humandriver—without driving off a cliff.2、“派克峰试驾”(the PikesPeak run本句的主语)是斯坦福大学动态设计实验室、大众集团(奥迪品牌拥有者)电子研究实验室，以及软件开发商甲骨文公司(Oracle Corp)的联合项目(a joint project)。
中石油职称英语考试真题答案(翻译部分)
中石油职称英语考试真题答案(翻译部分)翻译部分A级别参考答案：一家大型酒店的总裁注意到，公司正在经历着每年流失50%的雇员的问题，这种情况造成每年成本增加1000万到1200万。
这么大量的资金是根据以下两个因素算出来的：雇佣新员工的花费以及由于顾客满意度差而导致客房使用率下降。
在酒店行业，员工流失是一个很关键的问题。
但是你可以采取一些人才管理实务策略，来提升员工的留任率。
下面有三条建议：(1)雇佣合适的员工：从改善招聘和面试流程开始。
当你参加面试时，确信你为候选者提供了一个可依靠的企业，让候选者有选择在酒店工作的理由。
如果工作是充满压力和紧张感的，那么要分享这些细节问题，让候选人了解。
要明确的说明酒店的企业文化，工作环境会帮助候选人自我选择，你要让候选人知道更愿意雇佣适合酒店和酒店文化的员工。
(2)绩效管理，认可和奖励员工：我们几乎都会感到有价值，酒店和管理者需要形式化或者非形式化的方法去认可和奖励高绩效。
不是所有的奖励都需要金钱的形式。
即使是一个很简单的谢谢，或者员工的努力得到的公共的认可都是有效激励员工的方式。
员工感到自身有价值或更愿意留下来继续工作。
(3)为员工的发展提供机会：通过支付或者补贴的形式，在培训课程、书籍、工作经验、播客(音频材料)等方面的花费上，支持员工发展;让员工知道，你重视他们也重视他们的工作，帮助他们成功和规划未来职业发展。
所有这些方法都可以提高员工留任，减少员工流失。
这些有效的管理方法不但可以促进员工留任，而且提高员工满意度和履行员工职责。
所有的这些管理方法对酒店生意来说是有利的。
翻译部分B级别参考答案(较A级少后面2段)一家大型酒店的总裁注意到，公司正在经历着每年流失50%的雇员的问题，这种情况造成每年成本增加1000万到1200万。
这么大量的资金是根据以下两个因素算出来的：雇佣新员工的花费以及由于顾客满意度差而导致客房使用率下降。
在酒店行业，员工流失是一个很关键的问题。
中石油英语职称考试真题
模拟试题一I. V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ___what color it was.A. make outB. look toC. look outD. take in【答案】A【译文】我只能看到远处一辆汽车，可是分辨不出汽车的颜色。
【试题分析】词组辨析题。
【详细解答】make out意为“辩认出，理解”，符合句意。
look to“照顾，负责”；look out“当心，提防”；take in“容纳，理解，欺骗（多用于被动态）”，均不符合句意。
2. The ___of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually make jobs easier to do.A. additionB. associationC. applicationD. affection【答案】C【参考译文】新的科学发现应用于工业生产方法上常使工作更容易做。
【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题。
【词义辨析】application应用、运用：the application of theory 理论的运用。
A. addition增加，一般用于in addition to”除……之外”结构中，此处不符合句意，科学发现不是“增加到”工业生产方法上，而是“应用到”工业生产技术中。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
中石油职称英语考试真题答案(翻译部分)
翻译部分A级别参考答案：
一家大型酒店的总裁注意到，公司正在经历着每年流失50%的雇员的问题，这种情况造成每年成本增加1000万到1200万。
这么大量的资金是根据以下两个因素算出来的：雇佣新员工的花费以及由于顾客满意度差而导致客房使用率下降。
在酒店行业，员工流失是一个很关键的问题。
但是你可以采取一些人才管理实务策略，来提升员工的留任率。
下面有三条建议：
(1)雇佣合适的员工：从改善招聘和面试流程开始。
当你参加面试时，确信你为候选者提供了一个可依靠的企业，让候选者有选择在酒店工作的理由。
如果工作是充满压力和紧张感的，那么要分享这些细节问题，让候选人了解。
要明确的说明酒店的企业文化，工作环境会帮助候选人自我选择，你要让候选人知道更愿意雇佣适合酒店和酒店文化的员工。
(2)绩效管理，认可和奖励员工：我们几乎都会感到有价值，酒店和管理者需要形式化或者非形式化的方法去认可和奖励高绩效。
不是所有的奖励都需要金钱的形式。
即使是一个很简单的谢谢，或者员工的努力得到的公共的认可都是有效激励员工的方式。
员工感到自身有价值或更愿意留下来继续工作。
(3)为员工的发展提供机会：通过支付或者补贴的形式，在培训课程、书籍、工作经验、播客(音频材料)等方面的花费上，支持员工发展;让员工知道，你重视他们也重视他们的工作，帮助他们成功和规划未来职业发展。
所有这些方法都可以提高员工留任，减少员工流失。
这些有效的管理方法不但可以促进员工留任，而且提高员工满意度和履行员工职责。
所有的这些管理方法对酒店生意来说是有利的。
翻译部分B级别参考答案(较A级少后面2段)
一家大型酒店的总裁注意到，公司正在经历着每年流失50%的雇员的问题，这种情况造成每年成本增加1000万到1200万。
这么大量的资金是根据以下两个因素算出来的：雇佣新员工的花费以及由于顾客满意度差而导致客房使用率下降。
在酒店行业，员工流失是一个很关键的问题。
但是你可以采取一些人才管理实务策略，来提升员工的留任率。
下面有三条建议：
(1)雇佣合适的员工：从改善招聘和面试流程开始。
当你参加面试时，确信你为候选者提供了一个可依靠的企业，让候选者有选择在酒店工作的理由。
如果工作是充满压力和紧张感的，那么要分享这些细节问题，让候选人了解。
要明确的说明酒店的企业文化，工作环境会帮助候选人自我选择，你要让候选人知道更愿意雇佣适合酒店和酒店文化的员工。
(2)绩效管理，认可和奖励员工：我们几乎都会感到有价值，酒店和管理者需要形式化或者非形式化的方法去认可和奖励高绩效。
不是所有的奖励都需要金钱的形式。
即使是一个很简单的谢谢，或者员工的努力得到的公共的认可都是有效激励员工的方式。
员工感到自身有价值或更愿意留下来继续工作。