计算机专业英语2013影印版unit_5资料
计算机英语_unit5
8
Abbreviations
• CBSE 基于组件的软件工程 Component-based software engineering • COTS 商业现成软件 Commercial off-the-shelf system
9
三、Text and Notes
• Please read the book and listen to teacher carefully！（100-107）
翻译:在最后的生命周期阶段（运行与维护），软件投入使用。最 初软件需求中存在的错误与疏漏被发现，程序与设计错误浮现，而 且新的功能需要得到确定。 omit
5
9. validation n. 验证； (reading P103 Evolutionary development ) Specification, development and validation activities are interleaved rather than separate, with rapid feedback across activities.
这些类属模型不是对软件过程的规定性描述。而是，它们是过程的抽象， 可用于解释软件开发的不同方法。 你可以将其视为可扩展和调整以创建更为具体软件工程过程的过程。
15
The process models covered here are the waterfall model, evolutionary development and componentbased software engineering. These three generic process models are widely used in current software engineering practice.
计算机专业英语unit 5-2
Contents
1. Lead-in activity 2. Passage learning
3. Exercises 4. Fun time
Lead-in activity:
• Do you use wireless network a lot?
Thanks for listening~
Passage-learning
Para one：
Computer security is the process of preventing and detecting unauthorized use of your computer. Prevention measures help you to stop unauthorized users (also known as “intruders”) from accessing any part of your computer system. An effective network security strategy requires identifying threats and then choosing the most effective set of tools to combat them.
wireless networks. You can either install software
firewalls on each computer, or install a hardware
firewall on your entire network.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Exercises
Find Information Task Ⅰ: 1. No, it is different. 2. A small home or an office would only require basic security. 3. Large businesses will require high maintenance and advanced software and hardware 4. Yes, it is. 5. We can either install software firewalls on each computer, or install a hardware firewall on your entire network.
计算机专业英语第三版教学课件Unit5 Software Engineering
布朗先生：您好！中华计算机公司。我能为您做些什么？
Linda: Hello, Mr. Brown. It is Linda. Got a minute?
琳达：您好，布朗先生。我是琳达。您有时间吗？
Mr. Brown: I see your point. If we have to spend more time on developing the second version, we’ll have to adjust the schedule. People need to know that we have adjusted the project development plan as soon as possible. Do you want me to call the project manager?
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More New Words and Phrases
A software development project organization.
Lesson 14
Unit 5
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More New Words and Phrases
Mr. Brown: Yes.We planned to put the two versions in the same development process. Well, what kind of problem are you having now?
布朗先生：是的。我们计划在同一个开发过程中投入两个版本。那您现在遇到什么问题了？
Unit 05计算机英语
T
Transfer 传输
P
Protocol 协议
A wides from one system to another on the Internet
5.3 What is WWW?
Electronic Mail
Electronic mail, or e-mail, is used to send written
16
DNS
DNS 是域名系统 (Domain Name System) 的缩 写，它是由解析器和域名服务器组成的。域名服 务器是指保存有该网络中所有主机的域名和对应 IP地址，并具有将域名转换为IP地址功能的服务 器。 域名必须对应一个IP地址，而IP地址不一定有域 名。
VPN
缩写词 abbr. 1. =Virtual Private Network 虚拟专用网络
5.3 What is WWW?
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is a hypertext-based system for
万维网 基于超文本的
finding and accessing Internet resources.
访问，接入 资源
5.3 What is WWW?
《计算机英语》
Unit 5
What is WWW?
wizard
名词 n. [c] 1. 男巫;术士 That‘s a fairy story about a wizard. 幻想的，虚构的 2. 【口】奇才;高手,名家[(+at)] Edison was a wizard at invention. 3. （IT领域）向导 Installing wizard
计算机专业英语影印版（compu...
Crossword Puzzle Answers:Open Ended Questions:1.Describe system software. What are the four types of system programs?System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handlethe majority of technical details. System software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection or a system of programs that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no userintervention. System software consists of four types of programs:• Operating systems coordina te computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.• Utilities, also known as service programs, perform specific tasks related to managing computerresources.• Device drivers are specialized programs that all ow particular input or output devices tocommunicate with the rest of the computer system.• Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process.2.What are the basic functions of every operating system? What are the three basic operatingsystem categories?Every operating system performs various functions. These functions are:• Managing resources:These programs coordinate all the computer’s resources includingmemory, processing, storage, and devices such as printers and monitors. They also monitorsystem performance, schedule jobs, provide security, and start up the computer.• Providing user interface: Users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface.• Running applications: These programs load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheets. Most operating systems support multitasking, or the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory.The three main categories of Operating systems are:• Embedded operating systems - The entire operating system is stored within or embedded in the device and permanently stored on ROM.• Network operating systems (NOS) are used to control and coordinate computers that are networked or linked together.• Stand-alone operating systems control a single desktop or notebook computer.3.Explain the differences and similarities betw een Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.They all perform the basic functions of an operating system. They manage resources, provide a user interface, and run applications. They all use a graphical user interface, and can network small groups of computers.The differences are as follows:Windows– has 90 percent of the market operating system market share, more applicationprograms are developed to run under Windows than any other operating system, designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. The new version, Vista, has Advanced system security, a Three-dimensional workspace, and utilizes WinFS, makes it possible to locate files based on a description of their content.MAC OS- Designed to run on Apple machines, but with the latest version can also run on Intel microprocessors. It is not as widely used as Windows, but is one of the most innovativeoperating systems. It includes utilities such as Spotlight which is an advanced search tool that can rapidly locate files, folders, email messages, addresses, and much more, and Dashboard Widgets which are a collection of specialized programs that will constantly update and display information.Linux– Of the three operating systems, it is the only one that is an open source. It is a version of UNIX. It runs on powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web. It encourages others to modify and further develop the code.4.Discuss utilities. What are the five most essential utilities? What is a utility suite?Utilities are specialized programs designed to make computing easier. The most essential are • Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs that recognize and correct problems, ideally before they become serious.• Antivirus programs that guard your computer system against viruses or other damagingprograms that can invade your computer system.• Uninstall programs that allow you to safely and completely remove unneeded programs and related files from your hard disk.• Backup programs that make copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged.• File compression programs that reduce the size of files so they require less storage space and can be sent more efficiently over the Internet.Utility suites combine several programs into one package. Buying the package is less expensive than buying the programs separately.5.Explain the role of device drivers. Discuss the Add Printer Wizard and WindowsUpdate.Every device, such as a mouse or printer, that is connected to a computer system has a special program associated with it. This program, called a device driver, works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of thecomputer system. Each time the computer system is started, the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory.Windows’ Add Printer Wizard provides step-by-step guidance for selecting theappropriate printer driver and installing that driver.Windows Update makes it easy to update the drivers on your computer.1.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Antitrust has students research and write aboutthe legal and ethical ramifications of Microsoft’s antitrust lawsuit and domination of the software market.Web Tools1.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #3 Customized Desktop has students explore theWeb to learn about desktop customization. They need to explain the answer they found and how they could use them.Software Tools1.Applying Technology exercise #1 Virus Protection explores what viruses are, how acomputer system can be protected, and what means the student has taken in the past toprotect a computer system.2.Applying Technology exercise #2 Windows Update has the student explore what thefunction Windows Update is, how to configure it, and when to use it.3.Applying Technology exercise #3 WinZip has the student research the functionality ofthe WinZip program, what are some of its uses, and how to use it.4.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Virus Protection Works explores whatviruses are, and how a computer system can be protected. It also has the student writeabout the steps they have taken in the past to protect a system and if was effective or not.5.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #2 Booting and POST has the student research theboot process, the definition of BIOS, and what can be achieved by customizing theprocess.Writing Skills1.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Virus Protection Works explores whatviruses are, and how a computer system can be protected. It also has the student writeabout the steps they have taken in the past to protect a system and if was effective or not.2.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Antitrust has students research and write aboutthe legal and ethical ramifications of Microsoft’s antitrust lawsuit and domination of the software market.3.Writing About Technology exercise #2 Online Backup has students research and write apaper on online backup options.。
计算机专业英语2013影印版unit_5
5 System Software
System software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection or a system of programs that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention.
设备驱动是特殊的程序可以允许特别的输入或输出设备 能够与计算机系统其他部分进行通信。
Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process.
热启动-电脑已经开启，然后你点击重新启动，不关闭 电源。重启，重启
冷启动-电脑已经关闭，启动电脑被称为冷启动
5.1.2 Features
You typically interact with the operating system through the graphical user interface. Most provide a place, call the desktop, which provides access to computer resources.
操作系统协调计算机资源，提供用户和计算机之间的接口， 并运行应用程序。实用程序执行有关管理计算机资源相关 的具体任务。
5.1 Operating System
Device drives are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with rest of the computer system.
计算机专业英语unit 5-1
Practice reading this dialogue with your partners.
Do you know how to set up a firewall?
You can enable the Internet firewall provided by Windows itself. First go to the Control Panel. Select Network Connection. Then right click on your current connection, such as your LAN or ADSL connection and so on, and select Properties. Enter into the advanced tab, enable the Internet Connection firewall. The firewall will work on your computer.
Unit Five Network Security(1)
Contents
1 Warming up
Байду номын сангаас
2
3
Real world
Exercises
Warming up
Firewall：防火墙
Warming up
antivirus：杀毒软件
Warming up
spam：垃圾邮件
Warming up
Thanks for listening~
Exercises:
Task II:
Exercises:
Task I. Listen and write down what you’ve heard. 1. _____________ support department, what can I do for you? Technical firewall 2. How can I set up a ____________ for my Windows system? enable 3. You can _____________ the Internet firewall provided by Windows itself. click 4. You should right _____________ on your current connection. advanced tab. 5. Enter into the _____________ disabled 6. This firewall is very basic and sometimes_____________. 7. You should install ______________ software on the computer to antivirus fit for your demand. security 8. I'll undertake for your_____________. commercial firewall products 9. It is worth buying some _____________ see 10.I ___________what you mean.
Computer English Unit 5 Software Process(计算机英语 第五单元 软件过程)
Unit 5 Software Process第五单元：软件过程Section A Software Process Models课文A：软件过程模型Ⅰ.Introduction一、引言A software process is a set of activities that leads to the production of a software product. These activities may involve the development of software from scratch in a standard programming language like Java or C. Increasingly, however, new software is developed by extending and modifying existing systems and by configuring and integrating off-the-shelf software or system components.一个软件过程是生产出软件产品的一系列活动。
这些活动可能涉及使用一种像Java或C这样的标准编程语言从零开始开发软件。
然而，开发新软件越来越多地使用的方法是，扩展和修改现有系统，以及配置和集成现成软件或系统组件。
A software process model is an abstract representation of a software process. Each process model represents a process from a particular perspective, and thus provides only partial information about that process. This section introduces a number of very general process models (sometimes called process paradigms) and presents them from an architectural perspective. That is，we see the framework of the process but not the details of specific activities.一个软件过程模型是对一个软件过程的一种抽象表示。
计算机英语 unit5
Unit 5 Software Process Section A Software Process Models
New Words
• Configure • Off-the-shelf • Paradigm • Abstraction • Constraint • Iteration • Validation • Exploratory • Throwaway • Prototyping • Cost-effective • Irrespective n. 配置 a. 现成的 n. 范型，范式 n. 抽象 n. 限制 n. 迭代 n. 验证 a. 探索的 a. 使用后抛弃的 n. 原型法 a. 有成本效益的 a. 不考虑的
Evolutionary Development
• Two fundamental types of evolutionary development: Exploratory development; Throwaway prototyping.
Evolutionary Development
Component-Based Software Engineering
• The stages of Component-Based Software Engineering: 1)Component analysis; 2)Requirements modification; 3)System design with reuse; 4)Development and integration.
system design paradigm 系统设计范例 Waterfall model 瀑布模型 Evolutionary development 演化开发 Component-based software engineering 基于组件的软件工程 • Software life cycle 软件生命周期 • System specification 系统规格说明 • System analysis and definition 系统分 析与定义 • • • •
【免费下载】计算机专业英语影印版...
【免费下载】计算机专业英语影印版...Key TermsKey Term Definitionapplication software (9)End user softwarebasic application (9)Application software that is used in nearly all careers(See also general-purpose application)communication device (13)Computer equipment that allows a computer toconnect to other computer systems to share data andinformation.compact disc (CD) (13) A type of optical disc that has the least storagecapacity.computer competency (3)Having computer related skillsconnectivity (15)Allows computers to connect and share informationdata (4)Unprocessed factsdatabase file (14)typically created by database management programsto contain highly structured and organized data.desktop computer (11) A type of microcomputer that is small enough to fiton top of or alongside a desk yet are too big to carryaround.device driver (8)specialized programs designed to allow particularinput or output devices to communicate with the restof the computer system.digital versatile disc (DVD) (13) A type of optical device that gives great capacity andcan be used store many different types of data. (Seealso digital video disc)digital video disc (DVD) (13) A type of optical device that gives great capacity andcan be used store many different types of data. (Seealso digital versatile disc)document file (14)Data files created by word processors to savedocuments such as memos, term papers, and letters.end user (4)The most important part of an information system.(See also people)floppy disk (13) A magnetized secondary storage device that is smalland can easily transport data from one computer toanother.handheld computer (11)The smallest microcomputer that is designed to fitinto the palm of one hand. (See also palm computer)hard disk (13) A secondary storage device that uses magnetized dustto store the information.hardware (5)The equipment that processes the data to create informationhigh definition (hi def) (13) A type of optical disk that has great capacity.information (4)Processed factsinformation system (4)Composed of five parts: people,procedures, software,hardware, and data.information technology (IT) (5)Relating to computer software and hardware, and datainput device (11)Translate data and programs that humans canunderstand into a form that the computer can process.、管路敷设技术通过管线敷设技术，不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。
计算机专业英语(2013影印版)1-3 unit 单词
计算机专业英语（2013影印版）Unit 1application software 应用软件basic application 基本应用软件cloud computing 云计算communication devicecompact disc（CD）光盘computer competencyconnectivity 连通性data 数据database file 数据库文件desktop computerdevice driverflash memory card 闪存卡handheld computer 手持计算机hard disc 硬盘hardware 硬件high-definition（hi def）disc 高清盘information 信息information system 信息系统information technology 信息技术input device 输入设备internet 因特网keyboard 键盘laptop computer 手提电脑mainframe computermemory 内存microprocessor 微处理器midrange computer 中型机minicomputer 小型计算机modem 调制解调器monitor 监视器mouse 鼠标optical disk 光盘output device 输出设备palm computer 掌上电脑people 人personal digital assistant(PDA) 个人数字助理presentation file 演示文稿primary storage 主存printer 打印机procedures 规程program 程序random-access memory(RAM) 随机存储器secondary storage 辅存state computer 平板电脑smartphone 智能手机software 软件solid-state device 固态硬件solid-state storagespecialized applicationsupercomputer 巨型机system software 系统软件system unit 系统单元Web 网wireless revolution 无线革命worksheet file 工作表Unit 2address 地址Advanced Research Project Agency Network（ARPANET）高级研究项目署网络AJAX 异步JavaScript和XMLapplets 附属程序attachment 附件auction house site 拍卖行网络BitTorrent 比特流blog 博客browser 浏览器business-to-business （B2Bbusiness-to-consumer（B2Ccable 电缆carder 验卡人cloud computing 云计算consumer-to-consumer（e-commerce 电子商务e-learning 电子学习electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件e-mail 电子邮件e-mail client 电子邮件客户端Facebook 脸书Facebook groups 脸书组Facebook pages 脸书页Facebook profile 脸书个人档案file transfer protocol （FTP）文件传输协议filter 过滤器friend 朋友header 标题hit 打击hyperlink 超链接instant messaging （IMInternet 因特网Internet security suiteInternet service provider（location 位置message 信息metasearch engine 整合搜索引擎microblog 微博mobile browser 手机浏览器MySpace 我的空间--美国在线社交网站名称online 在线online banking 网上银行online shopping 网上购物online stock trading 晚上证券交易person-to-person auction site 人与人的拍卖网站plug-in 插件podcast 播客protocol 协议search engine 搜索引擎search service 搜索服务secure file transfer protocolsignature 签名social networkingspam 垃圾邮件spam blocker专业搜索引擎subject 主题subject directory 主题目录surf 冲浪top-level domain (TLD) 一级域名Twitter 推特网uniform resource locator（URL）统一资源定位符universal instant messenger 普遍即时信息uploading 上传virus 病毒Web 网站Web auction 网上拍卖Web-based e-mail account 基于网络的电子邮件帐户Webcasts 网络广播Web directory 网页目录Web log 网络日志Webmail 网络电子邮件Webmail client 邮箱客户端Webmaster 网络管理员Web page 网页Web utility 网络实用程序Unit 3analytical graph 分析图animation 动漫app 应用程序application software 应用软件basic application 基础应用软件bulleted list 项目符号列表button 按键cell 单元格character effect 字效chart 图表cloud suite 云套件column 列computer trainercontent template 内容模版contextual tab 上下文标签database 数据库database managerdesign template 设计模版find and replace 查找和替换filter 滤波器font 字体font size 字号form 窗体,表单format 格式formula 公式function 函数gallery 图库grammar checker 语法检查器graphical user interface（gui）图形用户界面group 组home software 家庭软件icon 图标integrated packagelabel 标签menu 菜单menu bar 菜单栏numbered list 标号列表numeric entry 数值型输入office software suitepointer 指针presentation graphics 图形演示文稿productivity suite 生产力套装软件query 查询range 范围recalculation 重算record 记录relational database 关系型数据report 报表ribbon 功能区、格式栏row 行sheet 工作表slide 幻灯片software suite 软件套装sort 排序specialized application specialized suitespeech recognitionspelling checker spreadsheet 电子表格styles 模式thesaurus 索引toolbar 工具栏transition 转换user interface 用户界面utility suite 实用套装软件what-if analysis 变化分析window 窗口word processor 文字处理软件word wrap 字回行,换行workbook file 工作簿worksheet 工作表}!。
Unit-5-It-Was-Here-Just-Now
It Was Here Just Now
李三
Unit 5
It Was Here Just Now
Let’s chant
Weather
sunny sunny It’s sunny. cloudy cloudy It’s cloudy. windy windy It’s windy. rainy rainy It’s rainy. snowy snowy we are happy.
a.sunny b.snowy c.rainy d.windy e.cloudy
Hainan
Let’s learn
a pair sofusnugnlagslassesses
Let’s learn
a pair of rain boots
Let’s learn
a pair of gloves
Let’s learn
warm jacket
Let’s learn
scarfs
scarf scarves
Let’s learn
school bag
Let’s learn
wallet
scarf warm jacket wallet gloves school bag sunglasses rain boots
Play a game What’s missing?
A: What do you wear on a … day?
B: I wear … on a … day.
A: What do you wear on a … day?
B: I wear … on a … day.
Let’s chant
A: What do you wear on a sunny day? B: I wear sunglasses on a sunny day. A: What do you wear on a rainy day? B: I wear rain boots on a rainy day. A: What do you wear on a snowy day? B: I wear gloves on a snowy day. A: What do you wear on a cloudy day? B: I wear warm jacket on a cloudy day. A: What do you wear on a windy day? B: I wear a scarf on a windy day. …
计算机专业英语(5)
CoUnit 5 Programming Language·59·conversation.Jerry: Please have a seat, Tom. Tom: Thanks.Jerry: Well, Tom, what kind of education have you got?Tom: I studied computer science in Zhejiang University, and got a B. S. degree. Jerry: OK, what specialized courses did you take?Tom: The specialized courses I completed include computer science, operation systems, Java, OOA&OOD, software engineering, etc.Jerry: What kind of experience have you got for the job? Tom: I've been a computer programmer for more than two years. Jerry: What kind of software do you have a good command of? Tom: 、JS and Photoshop, etc. Jerry: Well, can you start next Monday? Tom: Sure.Jerry: That’s settled then.TASK II TEXT AIntroduction to ProgrammingLanguageFigure 5.1 Types of Programming Language计算机专业英语·60·instruction[in5strQkFEn ] n . 指令 symbolic[sim5bClik ] adj . 象征的，象征性的assembly language 汇编语言variable[5vAriEbl ] n . 变量higher-level language 高级语言 compiler[kEm5pailE ] n . 编译器abstract[5AbstrAkt ] adj . 抽象的 execution[7eksi5kju:FEn ] n . 执行source code 源代码utility[ju5tiliti ] n . 实用text editor 文本编辑器 notation[nEu5teiFEn ] n . 记号， 标记A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language , which allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables . Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer.Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers , programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code (See Figure 5.1).As programming languages became more powerful and abstract , building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.A compiler is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers can’t directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called the program source file. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code —a format that the operating system will recognize as aUnit 5 Programming Language·61·set[set ] n . 集合separately[5sepEritli ] adv .分别地，单独地debugger[di:5bQ^E ] n . 调试器 detect[di5tekt ] v . 检测intermediate[7intE5mi:djEt ] adj .中间的interpreter[in5tE:pritE ] n . 解释器proper program and be able to execute.Programs are often written as a set of smaller pieces, with each piece representing some aspect of the overall application program. After each piece has been compiled separately , a program called a linker combines all of the translated pieces into a single executable program.Programs seldom work correctly the first time, so a program called a debugger is often used to help find problems called bugs. Debugging programs usually detect an event in the executing program and point the programmer back to the origin of the event in the program code.Recent programming systems, such as Java, use a combination of approaches to create and execute programs. A compiler takes a Java source program and translates it into an intermediate form. Such intermediate programs are then transferred over the Internet into computers where an interpreter program then executes the intermediate form as an application program.ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).II. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text. 1.allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for .2.A compiler is a computer program that translates into .3. Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called or .计算机专业英语·62·4. After each piece has been compiled separately, a program called a combines all of the translated pieces into a single program.5. Programs seldom work correctly the first time, so a program called a is often used to help find problems called bugs.III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. The difficult of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of high-level language.( ) 2. The machine language allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. ( ) 3. Assembly language was invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming, along with them came the need for compilers.( ) 4. Computers need a compiler to translate source code into a low-level language called machine code. A compiler is a computer program. ( ) 5. A programmer uses a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called aprogramming language.( )IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.A computer program is a set of instructions that directs a computer to perform some processing function or combination of functions. For the instructions to be carried out, a computer must execute a program, that is, the computer reads the program, and then follows the steps encoded in the program in a precise order until completion. A program can be executed many different times, with each execution yielding a potentially different result depending upon the options and data that the user gives the computer.TASK III TEXT BBasics of Object-OrientedProgrammingFigure 5.2 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)Unit 5 Programming Language·63·object-oriented 面向对象的inheritance[in5heritEns ] n . 继承package[5pAkidV ] n . 包state[steit ] n . 状态 behavior[bi5heivjE ] n . 行为 field [fi:ld ]n . 字段 method[5meWEd ] n . 方法instance[5instEns ] n .例子，实例definition[7defi5niFEn ] n . 定义gear[^iE ] n . 齿轮If you've never used an object-oriented programming language before, you'll need to learn a few basic concepts before you can begin writing any code. This lesson will introduce you to objects, class, inheritance, interface, and package (See Figure 5.2). Each discussion focuses on how these concepts relate to the real world.What Is an Object?An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior. Software objects are often used to model the real-world objects that you find in everyday life: your dog, your desk, your television set, your bicycle. They consist of state and related behavior. An object stores its state in fields (variables in some programming languages) and exposes its behavior through methods (functions in some programming languages).What Is a Class?In the real world, you'll often find many individual objects are of the same kind. There may be thousands of other bicycles in existence, all of the same make and model. Each bicycle was built from the same set of blueprints and therefore contains the same components. In object-oriented terms, we say that your bicycle is an instance of the class of objects known as bicycles. A class is the blueprint from which individual objects are created.Class's definition can be divided into interface and impleme- ntation. Interface describes class as an abstraction, what client needs to know. Implementation is the internals, only used by implementer.What Is Inheritance?Different kinds of objects often have a certain amount in common with each other.Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit commonly used state and behavior from other classes.Mountain bikes, road bikes, and tandem bikes, for example, all share the characteristics of bicycles (current speed, current pedal cadence, and current gear). Yet each also defines additional features that make them different: tandem bicycles have two seats and two sets of handlebars; road bikes have drop handlebars; some mountain bikes have an additional chain ring, giving them a lower gear ratio.What Is an Interface?An interface is a contract between a class and the outside world.计算机专业英语·64·publish[5pQbliF ] vt .&vi . 出版，公布namespace[5neim speis ] n .命名空间logical[5lCdVikEl ] adj . 逻辑的encapsulate[en5kApsE7leit ] vt .封装Polymorphism [pCli5mC:fizEm ] n .多态性When a class implements an interface, it promises to provide the behavior published by that interface.In its most common form, an interface is a group of related methods with empty bodies. A bicycle's behavior, if specified as an interface, might appear as follows:interface Bicycle {void changeCadence(int newValue); // wheel revolutions per minutevoid changeGear(int newValue); void speedUp(int increment); void applyBrakes(int decrement); }What Is a Package?A package is a namespace for organizing classes and interfaces in a logical manner. Placing your code into packages makes large software projects easier to manage.The features of object-oriented programming include: (1)encapsulation (data hiding).(2)inheritance (derived classes inherit attributes and methods from base classes).(3)polymorphism (meaning of a message depends on class of recipient).ExercisesI. March each of the following terms to its equivalent(s).Unit 5 Programming Language·65·II. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1. The basic concepts of object-oriented programming include , class, , interface, and .2. An object stores its state in (variables in some programming languages) and exposes its behavior through (functions in some programming languages).3. Object-oriented programming allows classes to commonly used state and behavior from other classes.4.In its most common form, an interface is a group of related methods with empty . 5. A package is a(an) for organizing classes and interfaces in a manner. III. Mark the following sentences with true or false according to the passage.1. Software objects are often used to model the real-world objects that you find in everyday life: your desk, your classmates, your bicycle.( ) 2. In object-oriented terms, we say that your bicycle is a class of the instance of objects known as bicycles. A class is the blueprint from which individual objects are created. ( ) 3. Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit commonly used state and behavior from other classes.( ) 4. A package is a namespace for organizing classes and interfaces in a logical manner. Placing code into packages can’t make large software projects easier to manage. ( ) 5. The features of object-oriented programming include encapsulation, inheritance, andpolymorphism.( )IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.The Java platform provides an enormous class library (a set of packages) suitable for use in your own applications. This library is known as the "Application Programming Interface", or "API" for short. Its packages represent the tasks most commonly associated with general-purpose programming. For example, a String object contains state and behavior for character strings; a file object allows a programmer to easily create, delete, inspect, compare, or modify a file on the file system; various GUI objects control buttons and checkboxes and anything else related to graphical user interfaces. There are literally thousands of classes to choose from. This allows you, the programmer, to focus on the design of your particular application, rather than the infrastructure required to make it work.TASK IV Writing TrainingNotice通知是上级对下级，组织对个人发出通知、下达指示、提出要求的一种应用文体；启事是个人对公众、组织对公众发布信息的一种文件，在英文表述上大体一样。
计算机专业英语Unit5
Section 2 Passages
Section 3 Skill in Focus
•
Section 4 Extended Reading
Unit 5 Programming Language
Section 1 Situational Dialogue
Requirements Analysis 1、你知道什么是软件工程吗？ 2、谈谈需求分析在软件工程中的作用。
Unit 5 Section 1
•
Qian Liang is asking Mr. Wu about software development. Qian Liang: Excuse me, Mr. Wu. Would you please tell me something about requirements analysis in software engineering? Mr. Wu: Of course. The hardest part of building a software system is deciding what to develop, and the hardest conceptual work is to establish detailed technical requirements, including all the interfaces to users, to machines and to other software systems. Meanwhile, it is also the part that cripples the resulting systems if done wrong, so it is most difficult to rectify later. Qian Liang: That’s what I refer to as “requirements analysis”, isn’t it? My understanding is that so long as we spend enough time communicating, anything wrong might be warded off.
计算机专业英语2013影印版重点翻译
第一章Computer competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills—indispensable tools for today (P4).当今，计算机能力是指获得计算机相关的不可或缺的技能的一种工具。
They filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests, and paid computerized bills (P4).他们填写电脑化的表格,做计算机化的测试,和支付电脑化的账单。
Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life. Writers write, artists draw, engineers and scientists calculate—all on microcomputers. Students and businesspeople do all this, and more.在生活的各个领域里，微型计算机都是通用的工具。
作家写作，艺术家画画，工程师和科学家所有在微型计算机上计算。
学生和商人用微型机做事，微型机还有很多其他应用。
New forms of learning have developed. People who are homebound, who work odd hours, or who travel frequently may take online courses. A college course need not fit within a quarter or a semester.学习的新形式已经发展。
闲居家中的、工作多个小时的、或是经常出差的人，可以参加网上课程。
一个大学课程不需要在一个季度或一个学期内完成。
New ways to communicate, to find people with similar interests, and to buy goods are available. People use electronic mail, electronic commerce, and the Internet to meet and to share ideas and products. 沟通的新方法是找到有类似的兴趣的人，并购买商品是可用的。
《计算机英语》第五单元
— 7—
5.1 Software Engineering
As with any of the phases, it is important that errors not be allowed to move into subsequent phases. An error in requirements, for example, a misstated function, leads to a faulty design and an implementation that does not do what is required. If this is allowed to proceed undetected, say, until the testing phase, the cost of repairing this error (including redesign and re-implementation) can be substantial.
The first phase, requirements definition, refers to the period during which the requirements of the system desired, that is, its functional characteristics and operational details, are specified. The input to this phase is the stated (often rather loosely stated) needs for the software. Typically, a "requirements document" is the output of this phase, a set of precisely stated properties or constraints that the final product must satisfy. This is not a design, but rather precedes the design, specifying what the system should do without specifying how it is to do it. The existence of a requirements document provides something against which a design (the next phase in the life cycle) can be validated. Sometimes a quickly developed prototype can be a useful vehicle for debugging requirements.
NP2013_Chapter05
5 FastPoll True/False Questions
Answer A for True and B for False
051400 A homegroup is a temporary network of handheld computers. 051500 Public key encryption uses a public key to encrypt messages, but a private key is required to decrypt messages.
Chapter 5: Local Area Networks
3
5 FastPoll True/False Questions
Answer A for True and B for False
050600 The most popular type of wired connection is Ethernet. 050700 Network speeds are measured in megabytes and gigabytes. 050800 Many wireless connections use radio waves to transmit data. 050900 Bluetooth is a wireless technology used for WANs.
Chapter 5: Local Area Networks
8
5 Network Classifications
Personal Area Network (PAN) – interconnection of personal digital devices or consumer electronics Local Area Network (LAN) – usually connects computers in a single building Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – public highspeed network with range of about 50 miles Wide Area Network (WAN) – covers a large geographical area and typically consists of several smaller networks
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
语言翻译把程序员编写的编程指令转换成计算机能够理 解和处理的语言。
操作系统（软件环境、平台）处理技术细节。
5.1 Operating System
Operating systems coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications. Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.
系统软件与最终用户，应用软件和计算机硬件 来处理和用计算机相关的大部分的技术细节.
5 System Software
system software controls where a word processing program is stored in memory
How commands are converted so that the system unit can process them and where a completed documபைடு நூலகம்nt or file is saved
系统软件不是一个单一的程序。相反，它是一 个集合或程序系统可处理数百个技术细节，很 少或没有用户干预。
5 System Software
Four kinds of systems programs are operating systems, utilities, device drivers, and language translators.
5.1 Operating System
An operating system is a collection of programs that handle many of the technical details related to using a computer.
操作系统是一个程序集合，处理许多的和使用 计算机相关的大部分技术细节。
In many ways, an operating system is the most important type of computer program.
在许多方面，一个操作系统是计算机程序的最 重要的一种。
5.1 Operating System
Operating systems (software environments, platform) handle technical details.
系统软件控制文字处理程序存储在存储器 命令如何被转换，以便系统单元可以处理它们并在
一个已完成的文件或文件被保存
5 System Software
Not a single programs but a collection or system of programs, these programs handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention.
Device drivers are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system
设备驱动是特殊的程序可以允许特别的输入或输出设备 能够与计算机系统其他部分进行通信。
不是一个单一程序而是一个集合或系统程序， 这些程序处理数以百计的很少或没有用户干预 的技术细节。
5 System Software
System software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection or a system of programs that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention.
操作系统协调计算机资源，为用户和计算机之间提供一 个接口及运行程序。
Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.
实用工具执行与管理计算机资源相关的特定任务。
5 System Software
System software consists of four types of programs:
Chapter 5 System Software
5 System Software
End users use application software to accomplish specific tasks.
最终用户使用应用软件来完成特定的任务。
System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details related to using a computer.
四类系统程序是操作系统、实用工具、设备驱 动和语言翻译程序。
5 System Software
System software consists of four types of programs:
Operating System coordinates computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications