园艺专业英语：Lesson 3 Plants and Environmental Factors

Aerating root （呼吸根，通气根）
STILT（支柱） ROOTS e.g.
Mangrove 红树
Flower
Where are the reproductive structures of plants and how do
they work?
• Sepals- green leaf-like structures under the petals
• Whitish or tan in color • Make up one-half or more of the entire plant body • Absorb water and nutrients from the soil then transport
them above ground • Serve to anchor and support the top portion on plant • Can store carbohydrates to be used later for energy by
• Dicots
– Produce two seed leaves – Branched leaf vein system – Xylem and phloem cells
located in separate areas of the stem
What are the functions of roots?
protects root tips from coarse soil
What are the differences between taproot and fibrous root systems?
• Taproot
– One large primary root that grows down + small secondary roots
– Filament-stalk that supports anther – Anther- produces pollen or male sex cells
• Pistils- female reproductive parts containing stigma, style, and ovary
• Petals- brightly colored structures on flower used to attract pollinators
• Stamens- male reproductive parts containing filament and anther surrounding female parts
cuttings until after secondary root forms
• Root hairs- single cell roots
located a few mm back from root tip, absorb water
• Root cap- mass of cells that
• Fibrous root
– Root develops into a number of small primary and secondary roots
• Grow shallow near the soil line • Subjected to drought and
mineral deficiencies • Most landscape plants
plant
What are the parts of a root system?
• Primary root- first structure to
emerge from germinating seed
• Secondary root- arises from
the primary root – Don’t transplant seedlings or
– Stigma- sticky surface for capturing pollen at top of styles
– Style- tube-like structure that connects stigma and ovary
– Ovary- contains ovules or eggs
What are modified roots?
• Adventitious roots (不定根)
– Begin growing from stem or leaf – Grow from cuttings after being placed in growing
medium
Plant attaches itself to tree branch or telephone wire
Roots hang down in mid-air and absorb water from rainfall
Examples : Wild Pine; Some Orchids
Schefflera bonsai （鹅掌பைடு நூலகம்）
Banyan tree（印度榕树）
PROP ROOTS
e.g. Corn
The structure of flowers
Pollen grains
How do we get seeds?
• Pollination- occurs when pollen grains are transferred from anther to stigma
What are the structural differences between dicot and monocot stems?
• Monocots
– One seed leaf – Parallel veins in leaf – Xylem and phloem found in
bundles in stem
Lesson 3
Plants and Environmental Factors
AXILLARY BUD
TERMINAL BUD FLOWER
FRUIT
NODE
NODE
INTERNODE
STEM
NODE
MAIN ROOT
LEAF
LATERAL OR SIDE
ROOT
SHOOT SYSTEM
ROOT SYSTEM