最新职称英语学习资料(阅读理解讲义)2

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2019职称英语综合类A级阅读名师讲义(二)

2019职称英语综合类A级阅读名师讲义(二)2017年职称英语综合类A级阅读名师讲义(二)MemoryIt is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keepinformation available for later use. It includes not only " remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for late use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"——strings of alphabetic or numerical characters——ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.31.What do the sentences at the beginning of the passage suggest?A. Memory is useful.B. Memory is important.C. There is a relationship between memory and habits.D. The past is connected with the present by memory.32. According to the passage, memory is helpful in our daily life in the following aspects exceptA. involving the change in the behavior.B. keeping information for later use.C. warning people not to do things repeatedly.D. remembering events that happened in history.33. With respect to the memory storage capacity, what is the author's idea about the comparison between human beings and computers?A. Computers have no memory at all.B. Computers are more powerful than adults.C. Teenagers are inferior to computers.D. Human beings are far superior to computers.34. What is the major characteristic of a human being's memory capacity according to the text?A. It can be expanded by language.B. It can remember all the combined words.C. It may keep all the information in the past.D. It may change what has been stored in it.35. According to the passage, human beings make themselves different from other animals byA. having the ability to realize danger.B. having a special memory capacity.C. having a distinguished memory capacity.D. having the ability to control himself.参考答案：BCDAC。

职称英语理工类网络课堂阅读理解讲义[2]

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）PASSAGE 2DyslexiaAs many as 20% of all children in the United Stated suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of the world's great thinkers and scientists Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain-the part that controls language-is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.1. One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a baby's mother.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative once they have learned to handle language properly.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedKEY：ACABACAPASSAGE 1TV Game ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the "best seller" lists with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.This is the principle behind "quiz" or "game" shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. The result of this cheating was a huge scandal. Based on his story, a movie under the title "Quiz Show" is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliation them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.1. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. The principle behind "quiz" and "game" shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Prizes and money are usually provided by TV stars and large companies for winners.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the Show's producers to give him the answers beforehand.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. The huge scandal of cheating in TV game shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie "Quiz Show".A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Winners of present-day TV game shows no longer get money from the shows.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedKEYS: ABCBBAB“成千上万人疯狂下载。

阅读理解--职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第四部分讲义2

正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)职业培训教育网职业人的网上家园职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第四部分讲义2阅读理解例3：Which statement about Barth is NOT true? （2009）A.He is 33 years old now.B.He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.C.He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.D.He was a college student many years ago.原文：When 33-year-old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something he did “ like changing the tires on his car.” He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.[答疑编号505916040301]【答案】C例4：Which of the followings is NOT true of a person who does not have breakfast? （2006）A.He will be easily distracted.B.He will tend to lose his temper.C.He will become very talkative.D.He will feel weak.老师手写内容：skip sth 跳过，省略does not have… 不吃…and conj. 和talk v. 讲话，说话talkative adj. 多话的，爱说的原文：If you skip breakfast, you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning, feel irritable, short-tempered, tired or weak.[答疑编号505916040302]【答案】C2）三误一正（TRUE）：与原句叙述相同为答案例1：Which of the followings is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？A.It is made of metal.B.It is a kind of watch battery.C.It can only be seen with a microscope.D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.老师手写内容：。

职称英语复习资料理工类C级阅读理解精选（1）2

⽂章详解： 1. ⾸先解读标题：Electric（这是理⼯类阅读中经常出现的单词，因此含义要记住：电⼦的）Backpack（合成词：back是后背的意思，pack是包、包裹的意思，因此backpack就是背包。

）背包是⼤家⽇常⽣活中很熟悉的东西，但电⼦背包没听说过。

带着⼀份好奇，通读⼀遍原⽂，⼤致了解，电⼦书包除了⼤家知道的普通功能之外，科学家还打算让它具有更多更新的功能。

虽然现在市场上还买不到，但总有⼀天会⾛进我们的⽣活，为我们带来更多便利的。

2．接下来，在正式看⽂章每句话之前，先浏览所设置的问题，这样⼀⽅⾯可以更清楚地了解⽂章的脉络，另⼀⽅⾯⼀会⼉精读时，也⽐较容易在相关段落找到答案。

通过看五个问题，我们知道，它们的答案就出现在⽂章相应的五个段落⾥，⽽且以细节题居多。

所以，我们就看⼀题，针对性地精读⼀段。

先看问题1： 1. Backpacks are convenient because___________. A) They can be very large他们能够⾮常⼤ B) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.你想带多少东西，背包就能装多少东西 C) Your hands are freed to do other things.你的双⼿能够被解放出来⼲其它事情 D) You do not have to carry things with you. 你不⽤随⾝携带东西了。

题⽬的意思是：背包很⽅便，是因为。

标准的细节题形式：⽂章⼀开头，就提到Backpacks（背包） are convenient.所以，我们⼀起把第⼀段读完：They can hold（装） your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes（换洗⾐服）, leaving （留着）your hands free （⾃由的、空闲的）to do other things. Someday（有朝⼀⽇）, if（如果） you don’t mind carrying （介意做某事，⼀般⽤mind doing sth）a heavy load(很重的东西), your backpacks might also power（动词，给。

最新职称英语复习资料(补全短文讲义)2

PASSAGE 13A Thirsty WorldThe world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water,or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% --the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. ____1____, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.At the moment, his small amount of fresh water is still enoughfor us. However, our need for water is increasing rapidly. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now, can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. One of the useful steps we cantake is to stop unlimited use of water. ____2____, however, wouldhave a bad effect on agriculture and industry.In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one moreuseful step we should take is to develop ways of reusing it.____3____, but only on a small scale.Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks. ____4____ that has been used to a purifying plant. There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring.___5____, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is -remove the salt. This salt-removing processis already in use in many parts of the world.So if we take all these steps, we'll be in no danger of drying up!A. A limited water supplyB. But it is possible to pipe waterC. It is possible to purify large amounts of sea waterD. But even if every large city purified and reused its waterE. And we cannot even use all of thatF. Experiments have already been done in this fieldKEYS: EAFBDPASSAGE 14Looking to the FutureWhen a magazine for high-school students asked its readers whatlife would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sunto take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a button." Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught "by electrical impulsewhile we sleep.'' Cars would have radar. Does this sound like theyear 2000? Actually, ________ and the question was, "what will lifebe like in 1978?"The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked topredict accurately. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able tofigure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: _______, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in "airbuses", large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard of". Does that sound familiar? If the expert had beenaccurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was "The city of 1982".If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students,it's probably because _________. But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, had been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market. In October of that year,_______, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers.One forecaster knew that predictions about the future wouldalways be subject to significant errors. In 1957, Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain," he answered. "Children born today _______. "A. the stock market had its worst losses everB. will have reached the age of 43C. the article was written in 1958D. Cities of the future would not be crowdedE. the prediction of the future is generally accurateF. future study is still a new fieldKey:CDFABPASSAGE 15Marriage and ChildrenMany single Americans today are waiting longer to get married. Some women and men are delaying marriages and family ___(1)___;others want to become more established in their chosen profession. Most of people eventually will marry. One survey showed that only 15 percent of all single adults in the United States want to stay single. Some women become more interested in getting married and starting a family as they enter their 30s.One positive result may come from ___(2)___. People who get married at later ages have fewer divorces. Along with the decision to wait to marry, couples are also waiting longer before they have children, ___(3)___. Rearing a child in the United States is costly.Some couples today are deciding not to have children at all. In 1955, only one percent of all women expected to have no children. Today more than five percent say they want to remain childless. The ability of a couple to choose ___(4)___ means that more children___(5)___ are very much wanted and loved.EXERCISE:A) whether they will have childrenB) sometimes in order to be more firmly established economicallyC) no matter how late they marryD) men and women marrying lateE) who are born in the United StatesF) because they want to finish school or start their careersKEY:F D B A EPASSAGE 16Don't Mind if I SmokeThe French surprised even themselves when they banned tobacco ads three years ago, and created smoke-free zones in public spaces. Even then, ___(1)___ seemed a little too American. Now some French lawmakers are preparing to end the act as reform that simply can't work in a country __(2)___.Law or no law, smokers and nonsmokers mingle __(3)__, whose owners generally ignore requirements to create separate no-smoking sections. French smokers __(4)___, in hospitals and directly under no -smoking signs. There are stiff fines for violating the smoke-free areas, but they are never imposed. "We have more important things to do", says a Paris official.The 1992 law's most controversial provision is the tobacco-ad ban. An exception has been made for motor sports, which are underwrittenby tobacco firms. And fans shouted angrily when French TV blacked outa soccer game from abroad because of "secondary" tobacco and liquor ads at the local stadium. Still, those __(5)___ credit the ad ban for a 15 percent drop in smoking among French teens in the last three years.EXERCISE:A) without apparent friction in Paris café and restaurantsB) light up in train stationsC) doing great harm to the smoker's healthD) the attempt to legislate good healthE) who are against smokingF) that has always aided life's petty vicesKEY:D F A B EPASSAGE 17MergersThe most common kind of consolidation today is the merger. A merger occurs ____(1)____.With the deregulation of natural gas, the nation's 20 interstate pipeline companies became fearful of cutthroat competition. Some felt that they could increase their efficiency and improve their market flexibility by merging. In 1985 Internorth of Omaha paid $ billionfor Houston Natural Gas Corporation, ____(2)____. The system connected markets from coast to coast and raised sales to $10 billion.On occasion, mergers have occurred between smaller companies inan industry dominated by a few giant firms. These smaller companies claim that they need to merge to become more efficient and effectivein competing against the biggest corporations. They maintain thatsuch action increases competition instead of reducing it. TheAntitrust Division of the Justice Department has not always agreedwith them.Four major waves of mergers have taken place in this country. The first started in 1887, just prior to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act, and ended in 1904. It involved such giants as United States Steel and Standard Oil trying to create monopolies in their industries. From the end of World War I until the 1930s, large firms swallowed smaller firms to create oligopolies. The monopoly had no chance and the oligopoly little chance of succeeding today under present antitrust policy.The third major merger movement began in the 1960s, reached apeak in 1969, ____(3)____. Many of the acquisitions involved giant firms in one industry buying up large companies in totally unrelatedindustries. Such mergers are called conglomerate mergers. A classic example is Mobil Oil Corporation's purchase of the huge retail chain Montgomery Ward & Company.Mergers in the last ten years were in the thousands. More important is the value of the transactions, which has risen sharply. The number of mergers and acquisitions apply ____(4)____. The petroleum industry had mergers and acquisitions valued at closed to $80 billion between 1981 and 1984. Other industries ____(5)____ were banking and finance, insurance, mining and mineral, processed foods.A thereby gaining control of the world's longest pipelineB and then gradually declinedC experiencing large takeoversD resulting in combinations of small firmsE only to those valued at $100 million or moreF when two or more companies get together to form one company KEYS: FABECPASSAGE 18The Dollar in World MarketsAccording to a leading German banker, the dollar is "the most frequently discussed economic phenomenon of our times." He adds, "…the dollar's exchange rate is at present the most important price in the world economy…". Because the dollar acts a s a world currency, ___(1)___. The central banks of many countries hold huge reserves of dollars, and over half of all world trade is priced in terms of dollars. Any shift in the dollar's exchange rate will benefit some and hurt others. Some people suggest, therefore, ____(2)___.The dollar's exchange rate has been too volatile and unpredictable. Several years age the dollar was rapidly declining in value. This made it ___(3)___. The rise in the price of foreign goods made it possible for businesses to raise the price of competing foods produced here, thus worsening inflation. Foreigners who dealt in dollars or who held dollars as reserves were hurt. People in the United States who had borrowed foreign currencies found that they had to pay back more than they borrowed ___(4)___. The United States lost face in the eyes of the rest of the world.The dollar went soaring upward, and the situation was reversed. United States exporters found it hard to sell abroad because foreigners would have to pay more for dollars. People in the United States now bought the relatively cheaper foreign goods, and manufacturers complained that they could not compete. Job losses wereoften blamed on the "overvalued" dollar. Poor nations ___(5)___ found it difficult to repay both the loans and the interest because they had to use more and more of their own currencies to obtain dollars. The solution to this problem is to end the system of floating exchange rates and return to fixed rates. We might even return to the gold standard.Fixed exchange rates did not work in the past. Currency values should be determined by market conditions. A drop in the exchange value of a nation's currency means that it is importing too much,that it is too inefficient to compete in world markets, that it is permitting a high rate of inflation which makes its goods too expensive, that it is going too deeply in debt, or that others have lost confidence in the nation's stability. A nation should bring its exchange rate back up by addressing these problems, not byinterfering with the money market.A. that had borrowed dollarsB. that the dollar's value should be more tightly controlledC. because the declining dollar would buy fewer units of the foreign moneyD. its value affects many nationsE. difficult for Americans to purchase foreign goods and servicesF. that have a lot of dollarsKEY: DBECAPASSAGE 19Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emitis scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bells said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation ."If mobile phones are found to be dangerous,____1____until proper shields can be devised," he said.A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are million mobile phones in Australia alone and they areincreasing by 2,000 a day. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones:___2__As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas. For example, Telstra , Optus and Vodaphone build their towers ___3___and disregard the need of the community. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that____4___ the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults. He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves _____5_____.Robert Bell calls on the major telephone companies to fund adequate research and urges the Government to set up a wide ranging inquiry into possible health effects.A. until more research is completedB. nearly one for every two peopleC. they should carry a warning labelD. mobile phones should be radiation-freeE. where it is geographically suitable to themF. the growth rate of the disease acceleratekey:CDBEAFPASSAGE 20Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk,__1__ which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or__2__. One company, for example, shipped several hundredtons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, andrestriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk,__3__.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers __4__. International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. __5__, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.Exercise:A to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planningB any other disagreement over which payment is withheldC however, is competitionD so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular marketE Before rates were permitted to floatF After serious considerationKey: CBDAEPASSAGE 21Price PlanningA price represents the value of a goods or service for both the seller and the buyer. Price planning is systematic decision making by an organization regarding all aspects of pricing.The value of a goods or service can involve both tangible andintangible marketing factors. An example of a tangible marketingfactor is the cost savings__1__. An example of an intangiblemarketing factor is a consumer's pride in the ownership of a Lamborghini rather than another brand of automobile. For an exampleto take place, both the buyer and seller must feel that the price ofa goods or service provides an equitable value. To the buyer, the payment of a price reduces purchasing power __2__. To the seller, receipt of a price is a source of revenue and an importantdeterminant of sales and profit levels.Many words are substitutes for the term price: admission fee, membership fee, rate, tuition, service charge, donation, rent, salary, interest, retainer, and assessment. No matter what it is called,__3__: monetary and non-monetary charges, discounts, handling and shipping fees, credit charges and other forms of interest, and late-payment penalties.A non-price exchange would be selling a new iron for 10 books of trading stamps or an airline offering tickets as payment for advertising space and time. Monetary and non-monetary exchange may be combined. This is common with automobiles, __4__. This combination allows a reduction in the monetary price.From a broader perspective, price is the mechanism for allocating goods and services among potential purchasers and for ensuring competition among sellers in an open market economy. If there is an excess of demand over supply, prices are usually bid up by consumers. If there is an excess of supply over demand,__5__.Exercise:A a price contains all the terms of purchaseB obtained by the purchase of a new bottling machine by a soda manufacturerC where the consumer gives the seller money plus a trade-inD available for other itemsE prices are usually reduced by sellersF price means what one pays for what he wantskey:BDACEPASSAGE 22What is a ProfitEntrepreneurship is directly responsible for production. Thebusiness person (entrepreneur) takes a cue from consumers in deciding what they want - or, in the case of a new product, __1__.Profit means different things to different people. According to some public opinion polls, many people are not sure what it is, but they are sure __2__. Workers may look at profit as an unfairly large payment to the entrepreneur that deprives them of a higher wage. The business person thinks of profit __3__. During negotiations before the settlement of the second baseball strike in August, 1985, the Players' Association claimed the owners had made profits of $91 million, an accounting firm said owner profits were $43 million, and the owners insisted they had lost $9 million. The truth was that all three were correct. The disparity in the figures was due to the fact that each group was defining profit differently. Let us now see if we can develop a more exact definition of what profit is.Gross profit is the difference between what a business firm sells its product for and what it costs to produce that product. The merchant buys $200,000 worth of merchandise during the year and sells it for $270,000. His gross profit is $70,000. The percentage difference between his cost and the selling price is 35 percent, and he calls this markup.Net profit is __4__--rent, wages, and interest-and setting aside money to allow for the loss due to depreciation (wearing out) of capital. Our merchant has to subtract from his gross profit his payments for rent ($6,000), wages ($20,000), interest on money borrowed ($1,000), repairs and upkeep ($1,000), taxes ($1,000), electricity and other expenses $1,000. Expenses for operating the business come to $30,000. Gross profit is $70,000, and net profit is $40,000.Economists have a narrower definition of what constitutes profit. They are concerned with payment for all the resources that have gone into production, __5__, like those listed above, or from inside the business.Exercise:A what profit really meansB it is too large and represents too much of the consumer's dollarC whether they come from outside the businessD as the difference between total revenue and total costE what the business person has left after paying expensesF what they might wantKey: DBECA。

词汇--职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第一部分讲义2

正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)职业培训教育网职业人的网上家园职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第一部分讲义2词汇（10）If we leave now, we should miss the traffic.（2010，C）A.avoidB.mixC.directD.stopgo v. 走leave v. 离开，动身traffic n. v. 交通traffic system 交通体系traffic jam 交通堵塞miss v. 想念，思念；避开，躲开；错过[答疑编号505916010404]【答案】A【扩充】miss, avoid, let slip, escape（11）You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position.（2004，A）A.maintainB.betterC.acquireD.supportgood adj. 好的 better adj, 较好的 best adj. 最好的hold v. 保持不变[答疑编号505916010405]【答案】A【扩充】sustain, maintain, back up, keep（12）Although this is true in principle, it is very different in practice.A.howeverB.butC.whileD.when[答疑编号505916010406]【答案】C【扩充】although, while, though, despite that, in spite of, even if方法3.利用句中的语境语意、暗示提示、释义、推理、常识（1）The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.（2011，B）A. magnificentB. generalC. traditionalD. strongview v. 看interview n. 面试[答疑编号505916010501]【答案】A【扩充】spectacular, magnificent, beautiful, splendid（2）It was a fascinating painting，with clever use of color and light.（2011，A）A.new B.familiar。

职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解辅导资料

XX年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解辅导资料xx年职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解辅导资料“Don't Drink Alone” Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancerstudies2 and another 3，500 adults who had never had cancer.After the researchers aounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed asignificant share of their alcohol outside of meals3 facedat least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when pared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood oflaryngeal4 cancer. “ Roughly 95 percent of cancers atthese four sites5 traced to smoking or drinking6 by the study volunteers，” Dal Maso says. The di scouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.For their new analysis，the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups， based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week7. Thelowest-intake group included people who averaged up to8 20 drinks 狂 week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.9 Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only withmeals. For instance, pared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx10. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer pared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancerrisk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group11 was only triple that12 in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.“Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. ” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol offthose tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngealrisks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.词汇：cavity n.腔pharynx n.咽pharyngeal adj.咽的esophagus n.食管esophageal adj.食管的larynx n.喉scrub v.擦净，擦掉注释：1. …than do those taking their libations with food：这是一个倒装句，其正常语序为 than those taking theirlibations with food do。

职称英语考试资料——阅读理解

职称英语考试资料——阅读理解阅读理解New US Plan for Disease Prevention（为预防疾病的新美国计划）1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US? They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.(1)下面关于美国的慢性病哪个选项是错误的他们经常会导致不健康的生活方式2.The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT higher survival rate for cancer.(作者没有提到预防疾病的方法是更高的癌症存活率)3.The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean much less money needed for disease treatment.3）这篇文章表明更多的金钱用于预防疾病将意味着更少的钱用于治病上4.The $15 million program is aimed at A)promoting disease prevention.4）一千五百万的项目的目标是促进预防疾病5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantlyD)cancer death rate.早期癌症的屏蔽可以帮助减少癌症的死亡率）Eat to Live(为了活着吃饭)1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? We have to begin dieting from childhood.2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?The mice that started dieting in old age.5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that：dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.①童年时代就开始减肥是不正确的。

职称英语讲义

第三部分：概括大意和完成句子1.每部分4分，共8分2.10分钟必须全部做完。

概括大意所需要注意的（主旨题）1.4分2.题型特点4段的中心思想3.6选44.做题步骤A.看标题（查字典的问题）B.四段做记号C.A-F 选项D.文章每段的首句和尾句根据作者的统计数据，段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50％，段落的主题句在第二句的可能性为20％，段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20％。

也就是说，按照上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找出该段话的小标题，这种可能性超过50％。

整段话都需要阅读的可能性不到10％。

主题句技巧1. 总结性主题句。

如果主题句中有show和suggest等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句2.承上启下型。

如果主题句是not only … but also句型，应重点看but also后面的部分3. 问句不会是主题句4.举例子的句子不会是主题句（for example, for instance ）5. 定义型主题句This is/ That is6. 强调型主题句Stress, focus on, concentrate on,7 如果需要阅读整个段落，应重点阅读该段落中的重点词句并不是每个段落都有主题句，有10％左右的Headings是必须阅读整段才能找出的。

受英语水平的限制，如果阅读整个段落有困难，应重点阅读段落中的如下内容：1．反复出现的词；2．括号里的词；3．引号里的词；4．黑体字；完成句子所要注意的（细节题）1.划出问题的题干或关键词（对数字、大写字母、年代一定要敏感）2.带着关键词回原文定位,找到段落（scanning）3.从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其他关键词确定正确答案4.题目一般按顺序设计5.所填答案必须符合语法6.绝大部分的答案来自原文原词7.猜测答案（逻辑，常识，语法）词典规定(1)电子词典不可以带入；(2)为职称英语考试编写的词典及相关工具书不能带入；(3)词典名称含“职称英语”的不能带入。

【优质文档】职称英语理工类教材阅读理解的文章及译文(2)-优秀word范文 (1页)

【优质文档】职称英语理工类教材阅读理解的文章及译文(2)-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==职称英语理工类教材阅读理解的文章及译文(2)World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting peak oil . Peak oil is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines . Scientists have developed several models to forecast this point ， and some put the date at 2020 or later . One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model 2. It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve 3. A related concept is that 4 of Peak Oil . The term Peak Oil indicates the moment in which world wide production will peak ， afterwards to start on irreversible decline .However ， recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for 5 more complex oil production cycles of some countries . Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes ，politics ， and other factors ， the scientists say . 词汇：crude oil 原油 curve n .曲线 1. ACSEnergyFuels ： ACS 是American Chemical Society 的缩写。

职称英语：阅读理解练习(二)

职称英语：阅读理解练习（二）请同学们先下载视频右边的讲义自己做，再听课，这一点非常重要！Political SpinsLast week，US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries．He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton” chutzpah"(大胆放肆)．With just one sentence，Snow managed to make headlines，a joke and a defense of President George W．Bush．Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics-with carefully-worded one-liners(一行字幕新闻)made for TV which often lack substance and clarity(清晰度)．"The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller,” said Mark Smith，a political science professor at Cedarville University．This has been accompanied by a changing media environment，Smith said．In 1 968，the average TV or radio sound bite(演讲中的句子或短语)was 48 seconds，according to Smith．In 1996.the average sound bite had shrunk to 8 seconds．Thus，politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.Campaigning politicians also use 30-'second"I V ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages．Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the” Straight-Talk Express"．Mocking hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth—whether it’s in fashion or not．Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton，on the other hand，has chosen the campaign slogan” Let the conversation begin"．She hopes it will help her appear open—minded and friendly．But one—liners，TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient：something commonly called political” spin"．Brooks Jackson，a former journalist and the current director of the non—partisan(无党派的) website Fact Check．org，calls spin” just a polite word for deception(欺骗)．" "I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin．"said Jackson．"Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency：They ignore theevidence (忽略证据)that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong."31. Which statement is NOT true of one-liners?A They are unclear.B. They contain a lot of informationC They lack substance.D They are carefully constructed.32 What changed from 1968 to 1996?A. Publicity.B. Information.C. Communication.D. The average sound bite.33. The campaign slogan "Straight-Talk Express" aims at convincing voters that the Presidential candidate isA. honest.B. friendly.C. open-minded.D. warm-hearted.34. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans areA. attractive.B. impressive.C. deceptive.D. informative.35. Which statement best describes strong partisans?A .They are very funny.B .They are very healthy.C .They are very aggressive.D .They are very stubborn (顽固的).The Highlands of ScotlandThe drive from England to Scotland provides the traveler with many pleasant changes of scenery. As it is a fairly long journey, it is good to be able to travel with a friend who can drive a car too.A Scotsman traveling with an English friend may tell him that he isgoing to see, in the Highlands, the finest scenery in the world. This may sound exaggerated, but on arriving in the Highlands most people readily agree that the scenery is indeed magnificent.The Highlands are, as the name implies, the hilly or mountainous region of the country; they form the greater part of the western half of Scotland north of Glasgow.On the first night in Scotland a tourist may choose to stay at a hotel in the little town of Gallander, which is one of the gateways(通道) to the Highlands. On the following day he can set out to see the various lakes in the neighborhood, and will be delighted with the wild and romantic aspect of the countryside. When he returns to his hotel he will be glad to eat a copious (丰盛的) “high tea”. This is a meal which , in Scotland and many parts of northern England, takes the place of tea and dinner. It consists of one substantial course, followed by bread-and-butter, with jam or honey, and some kind of cake. Tea is drunk with the meal, which is taken at about six o’clock in the evening. One has a light supper late in the evening.The next morning many tourists move on to the west coast, passing on their way Loch Lomond, one of the largest and most famous of the Scottish lakes. (These are called “lochs”, with the exception of the Lake of Menteith, not far from Glasgow.) The road twists and turns, dips and climbs, but is not dangerous. The greatest hazard is the black-faced sheep these animals are as active and aggressive as goats, and frequently wander recklessly (鲁莽地) into the road. The tourist may also see a herd of long-haired Highlands cattle, which look fierce but are no more fierce than ordinary cattle. Eventually the road runs along the coastline of the sea, where you can see little islands and rocky bays.36. According to the passage, a Scotsman traveling with an English friend may tell him thatA、The journey from England to Scotland is long.B、The Highlands are the most beautiful place in the world.C、The Highlands have a lot of hills and mountains.D、The Highlands are the most dangerous place in the world.37. The Highlands, as the name suggests, are a region where you can.A、find a lot of hills or mountains.B)、find a lot of lakes.C、meet a lot of Scotsmen.D、have a “high tea.”38. According to the passage, a tourist in Scotland may choose to spend the first nightA、in Glasgow.B、in Gallander.C、at Loch Lomond.D、at the Lake of Menteith.39. In the last paragraph the phrase “twists and turns” suggests that the road isA、not straight.B、not dangerous.C、narrow.D、crowded.40. According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is true of the animals?A、Long-haired Highlands cattle don’t look fierce.B、Ordinary cattle look dangerous.C、Black-faced sheep are less active than goats.D、Black-faced sheep are as aggressive as goats.Centers of the Great European CitiesThe centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition．People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night．A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan(大都市的) atmosphere．Squares，plazas(广场)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europe’s cities．Venice、in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and cafes.In Barcelona，Spain，La Becquerel is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods．London’s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(杂技演员)and artists by night．The government buildings at the center of many cities often arearchitecturally impressive In London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames．These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently．"The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don't see all the mistakes，"said Girardeau．"Those have all been removed．"Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car. SO bars，restaurants and cafes were near to people’S homes．Today，the focus of many Europeans’ life has moved away from the centers．They live in the suburbs and outskirts. driving to supermarkets to get their supplies．But on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，living and shopping locally．These people，together with tourists，provide the city centers with their reason for existence．Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists．This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡)and cigarettes．Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere．People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis．Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets．cafes and bars in the surrounding streets．An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Cuomo．The huge marble cathedral in Florence，Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters(迎合)not only to the tourist crowds，but also the local community.41. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in EuropeA. has many large squares.B. has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.C. draws tourists in large numbers every year.D. has a center where tourists meet their spouses.42. Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?A. It is crowded with people.B. It is located in London.C. It is filled with stalls.D. It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes43. Why do people think that Venice is so great?A. Because it is a famous tourist attraction.B. Because you can reach anywhere by boat.C. Because it is well-known for its merchants.D. Because all the mistakes have been removed44.What are Parisians famous for?A. Their pursuit of independence.B. Their enthusiasm for conversation.C. Their ability to keep the city flourishing.D. Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.45.The writer cites the Cuomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate thatA. there is a tight link between church and society.B. all churches are magnificent.C. old churches are very popular.D. high-rise churches are impressive.。

职称英语阅读理解讲义

第四部分阅读理解I. 题型介绍阅读理解能力包括：●掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；●了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；●利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；●既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；●根据所读材料进行判断、推论或做出结论；●领会作者的观点、意图和态度。

II．考查目标应试者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解本专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。

III. 制约阅读理解能力提高的几个因素IV. 常见的快速阅读方法在阅读时，应看准题干，根据不同的目的，采用不同的方法。

一般说来，有快读、查读和细读三种。

（1）快读（Skimming）.（2）查读法（Scanning）。

（3）细读（Reading for full understanding）。

V. 阅读理解文章命题点VI．怎样做阅读理解1．把握命题规律，抓住文章重点：a．文章的标题：是文章的主题举例：1) What is this passage ( National Park Service ) about?A.It is about American National Parks.B.It is about the National Park Service.C.It is about the National Park Service partnerships.D.It is about the care and preservation of the National Parks in America.2) According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? ( New Foods and New World )A FoodB ClothingC IdeologyD Language3) When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten? ( Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving)A. On Halloween.B. On ThursdayC. On ThanksgivingD. On Christmas Day.b．文章的开头句：是文章的中心句或中心思想；举例：1）According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars becauseA. they are not noble enoughB. they may kill childrenC. they are likely to crashD. they make the bike move at a low speed.原文：Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure --- or even kill --- children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars. So a team of engineers is redesigning the humblehandlebar in a bid to make it safer.c. 文章的结尾句：是文章的结论、结果、要求、产生的影响、后果或全篇的概括。

职称英语卫生类阅读专业指导讲义

XX年职称英语卫生类阅读专业指导讲义子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎?有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎?”以下是为大家搜索的xx年卫生类阅读专业指导讲义，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!局部倒装是指将谓语的一局部如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。

如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，那么需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1. 句首为否认或半否认的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,scarcely , barely , not only , not once , under oncondition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。

例如：1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。

2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。

3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。

4) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚要出门时有个学生来找她。

注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

如否认词不在句首不倒装。

只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装构造。

如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装构造。

例如：Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜欢音乐。

职称英语国家教材精讲精练阅读理解局部理工类文章精讲讲义

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理工类—C 级................................................................................................................................................5
阅读理解................................................................................................................................................................5
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety【教数学，教焦虑】 ..................................................................14
理工类---A 级..............................................................................................................................................16
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，通系电1，力过根保管据护线0生高不产中仅工资22艺料22高试可中卷以资配解料置决试技吊卷术顶要是层求指配，机置对组不电在规气进范设行高备继中进电资行保料空护试载高卷与中问带资题负料22荷试，下卷而高总且中体可资配保料置障试时23卷，23调需各控要类试在管验最路；大习对限题设度到备内位进来。行确在调保管整机路使组敷其高设在中过正资程常料1工试中况卷，下安要与全加过，强度并看2工且55作尽22下可2都能护1可地关以缩于正小管常故路工障高作高中；中资对资料于料试继试卷电卷连保破接护坏管进范口行围处整，理核或高对者中定对资值某料，些试审异卷核常弯与高扁校中度对资固图料定纸试盒，卷位编工置写况.复进保杂行护设自层备动防与处腐装理跨置，接高尤地中其线资要弯料避曲试免半卷错径调误标试高方中等案资，，料要编5试求写、卷技重电保术要气护交设设装底备备4置。高调、动管中试电作线资高气，敷料中课并3设试资件且、技卷料中拒管术试试调绝路中验卷试动敷包方技作设含案术，技线以来术槽及避、系免管统不架启必等动要多方高项案中方；资式对料，整试为套卷解启突决动然高过停中程机语中。文高因电中此气资，课料电件试力中卷高管电中壁气资薄设料、备试接进卷口行保不调护严试装等工置问作调题并试，且技合进术理行，利过要用关求管运电线行力敷高保设中护技资装术料置。试做线卷到缆技准敷术确设指灵原导活则。。：对对在于于分调差线试动盒过保处程护，中装当高置不中高同资中电料资压试料回卷试路技卷交术调叉问试时题技，，术应作是采为指用调发金试电属人机隔员一板，变进需压行要器隔在组开事在处前发理掌生；握内同图部一纸故线资障槽料时内、，设需强备要电制进回造行路厂外须家部同出电时具源切高高断中中习资资题料料电试试源卷卷，试切线验除缆报从敷告而设与采完相用毕关高，技中要术资进资料行料试检，卷查并主和且要检了保测解护处现装理场置。设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。

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最新职称英语学习资料(阅读理解讲义)2 PASSAGE 10Smuggling�IIt is not unusual for a pet to be sent by air cargo from Colombia to New York, but last December's shipment ofa 4-year-old sheep dog caught a New York Kennedy Airport Customs inspector's eye. The dog looked to be on its last legs, and there was an unusual lump on the side of its body. An X-ray and emergency surgery revealed the presence of 10 condoms tightly packed with five pounds of cocaine that had been surgically implanted in the dog's abdomen - yetanother first for Customs in the war on drugs.When it comes to transporting drugs, the methods used are only as limited as a smuggler's imagination. Kilobricks of cocaine are routinely concealed beneath false bottoms of containers that hold poisonous snakes. "You've got snakes that are 12feet long," says a United States Fish and Wildlife Service agent - and sometimes the drug is in the snake. "Who's going to pull it out and feel it?"In 1994, United States Customs seized 204,391 pounds of cocaine, 559,286 pounds of marijuana and 2,577 pounds ofheroin. Just how much actually flows into the country is anyone's guess. Some customs officials estimate that only 10 percent of the drugs coming into the country are ever seized. In Miami, the District Attorney won't even prosecute small fry. "It's got to be over five kilos of cocaine, above a kilo of heroin and more than 5,000 pounds of marijuana or it's not something that we're going to stop the presses on," says Tom Cash, a retired agent.Given this deluge, one can only wonder if agents are ever confounded by some of the smuggling methods. "There are things we haven't seen before," says John McGhee, a Miami Customs special agent, "but nothing really surprises us."练习：1. The dog was different from others in thatA) it could stand only on its hind legs.B) it had only two legsC) it was very attractiveD) it had a very big abdomen2. How many methods are used to transport drugs?A) As many as a smuggler can think of.B) Beyond the smuggler's imagination.C) Only a limited number.D) Only a few.3. How many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the United States in 1994?A) 204,391B) 2,577C) 25,770D) 559,2864. Which of the following could best replace the expression "small fry" in the third paragraph?A) Small dogs.B) Small sheep dogs.C) Small smugglersD) Small ringleaders.5. What is this article about?A) Drug transportation from Columbia to New York.B) A new method for drug smuggling.C) Varied drug transportation methodsD) Types of drug.KEY：DACCCPASSAGE 11Life in the UniverseMany scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe---life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare upsuddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun.Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either toofar from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.1. Astronomers believe that matter in different parts ofthe universeA) has different laws.B) has one common law.C) shares the same lawsD) shares no common law.2. The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPTA) the right amount of atmosphere.B) our own solar system.C) steady heat and light.D) the right distance from the sun.3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A) The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth.B) Proper conditions are essential to the existence of lifeC) Double stars can provide steady light and heat.D) The distance between a planet and its sun should be right.4. What kind of planet might NOT support life?A) Most of the planets of the stars.B) Stars similar to our sun.C) Planets similar to the earth.D) Planets with proper conditions.5. At the end of the passage the author suggests thatA) it is impossible for life to exist on planets.B) earthlike life could only exist on a few planets.C) life could exist on only one planet in a million.D) life could exist on a great number of planets.KEY: CBCADPASSAGE 12The Barbie Dolls�SIn the mid 1940's, the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames. It was in 1945 that Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company that would be known for the most famous and successful doll ever created. This company would be named Mattel, MATT for Mattson, and EL for Elliot.In the mid 1950's, while visiting Switzerland, Ruth Handler purchased a German Lilli doll. Lilli was a shapely,pretty fashion doll first made in 1955. She was originally fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter, Build.Lilli is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handler to design the Barbie doll. With the help of her techniciansand engineers at Mattel, Barbie was born. Ruth then hired Charlotte Johnson, a fashion designer, to create Barbie's wardrobe. It was in 1958 that the patent for Barbie was obtained. This would be a fashion doll unlike any of her time. She would be long limbed, shapely, beautiful, andonly 11.5 inches tall. Ruth and Elliot would name their new fashion doll after their own daughter, Barbie.In 1959, the Barbie doll would make her way to the New York Toy Show and receive a cool reception from the toy buyers.Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the yearsand has managed to keep up with current trends inhairstyles, makeup and clothing. She is a reflection of the history of fashion since her introduction to the toy market.Barbie has a universal appeal and collectors both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls.1. When Ruth and Elliot Handler was young, they had a strong desireA) to go to school.B) to take photos.C) to make frames.D) to be highly successful.2. Who owned Mattel?A) Mattson.B) Elliot.C) Harold Mattson and Elliot Handler.D) Harold Mattson, Ruth and Ellion Handler.3. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Lilli was fashioned afterA) Build.B) a German doll.C) a pretty girl.D) a shapely woman.4. Where did Ruth Handler's inspiration for the design of the Barbie doll come from?A) Barbie.B) Lilli.C) Charlotte Johnson.D) A fashion designer.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Barbie doll?A) She does not attract young men.B) She has undergone many changes over the years.C) She is 11.5 inches tall.D) She has managed to keep up with fashion.KEY: DDABAPASSAGE 13Electronic Teaching�TThe potential of closed-circuit television and other new electronic teaching tools is so great that it is fascinating to visualize" the school of tomorrow"Televised lessons will originate from a centralbuilding having perhaps four or five master studios. The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country.After a televised lesson has been given, the classroom teacher will take over for the all-important "follow-up"period. The students will ask any troublesome questions, and difficult points will be cleared up through discussion.The teacher in the classroom will have additional electronic tools. On the teacher's desk, the traditional chalk and erasers will have been replaced by a multiple-control panel and magnetic tape players. The tape machines will run pre-recorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones. The lessons will be specifically geared to the students' levels of ability. For instance, while the class as a whole studies history, each student will receive an individual history lesson, directed to his particular level of ability.Should question arise, the students will be able totalk directly to the teacher on individual "intercoms without disturbing the rest of the class. In this way, the teacher will be able to conduct as many as three classes at the same time.With the rapid development of computer science, students will be aided with specially prepared multi-media software to study their subjects better. Homework will possibly be assigned and handed in via electronic mailsystem. Students can even take examinations on their computer linked with the teachers' and get the score instantly. They will get certificates or diplomas if they pass all the required examinations. Experts believe that this type of education will be very popular in the years ahead.1. Lessons broadcast by television will come fromA) the school of tomorrow.B) Classrooms.C) Big buildings.D) Master studios2. Which of the following statements about the function of the teacher in the teaching process is true?A) The teacher will not need to be involved.B) The teacher will still have to play an important role.C) The teacher will only need to press buttons.D) The teacher will be completely replaced by electronic tools.3. When having lessons, the students will.A) always listen to the same pre-recorded lessons together.B) Usually have individual lessons according to theirability levels.C) Control the multiple-control panel and magnetic tape players.D) Receive face-to-face instructions from the teacher inthe same classroom.4. If there are questions, the students willA) talk to the teacher through "intercoms".B) Raise their hands and wait for the answer.C) Discuss them with the rest of the class.D) Solve the problems all by themselves.5. Computer teaching will help the study in the following ways except thatA) teachers can give and collect homework using electronic mail system.B) Examinations can be conducted on computers better thanon paper.C) Test scores can be obtained soon after the test is taken.D) Certificates or diplomas are required if the students want to pass the tests.KEY：DBBADPASSAGE 14The Cherokee Nation�SLong before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States.After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an Englishspelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands forcenturies. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 haddied. It was indeed a march of death.1. The Cherokee Nation used to liveA) on the American continent.B) In the southeastern part of the US.C) Beyond the Mississippi River.D) In the western territory.2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way ofA) writing down the spoken language.B) Making word pictures.C) Teaching his people reading.D) Printing their own newspaper.3. A law was passed in 1830 toA) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.B) Send the army to help the Cherokees.C) Force the Cherokees to move westward.D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.A) they went in carts.B) They went on horseback.C) They marched on foot.D) All of the above.5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly becauseA) they were not willing to go there.B) The government did not provide transportationC) They did not have enough food and clothes.D) The journey was long and boring.KEY：BACDCPASSAGE 15A Ride in a Cable-car�IA ride in a cable-car is one of the exciting and enjoyable experiences a child can have. In Switzerland, which is the home of the cable-car, it is used mostly to take tourists up the slope of a mountain, to a restaurant from which one can have a bird-eye view of the surrounding country, or to a top of a ski-run, from which, in winter, skiers glide down the snow covered the slope on skis. In Singapore, however, the cable-car takes one from the summit of a hill on the main island to a low hill on Sentosa, a resort island just off the southern coast.The cable-car is really a carriage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air. It moves along the cable with other cars on pulleys, the wheels of which are turned by electric motors. The cars are painted in eye-catching colours and spaced at regular intervals. Each car can seat up six persons. After the passengers have entered a car, they are locked in from outside by an attendant, they have no control over the movement of the car.Before long, the passengers get a breath-taking view through the glass windows of the modern city, the bustling harbour, and the several islands off the coast. The car is suspended to a high in the air that slips on the sea look like small boats, and boats like toys. On a clear day, both the sky above and the sea below look beautifully blue.In contrast to the fast-moving traffic on the ground, the cars in the air move in a leisurely manner, allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery during the brief trip to the island of Sentosa. After a few hours on Sentosa, it will be time again to take a cable-car back to Mount Faber. The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip.1. The cable-car in SingaporeA)takes visitors up to a mountain restaurant.B)takes skiers to the top of a ski-run.C)takes visitors to Sentosa.D)takes visitors to a high mountain.2. Which of the following about the cable-cars is ture?A)The cars move along the steel cable.B)The cars are operated by a driver.C)The cars are controlled by the passengers.D)The cars move on wheels.3. Passengers can get a breath-taking view when riding in a cable-car becauseA)The car is painted in eye-catching colours.B)The car is suspended so high in the sky.C)Each car can seat up to six persons.D)Both the sky and the sea look beautifully blue.4. The short trip does not bother passengers who want a good view becauseA)the cars move slowly.B)the cars move quickly.C)the cars are suspended very high.D)the cars have glass windows.5. The last sentence of the passage "The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip", meansA) "The return trip is less boring than the outward ones."B) "The return trip is more enjoyable than the outward ones."C) "The return trip is as thrilling as the outward one"D) "Both the outward and the return trips areuninteresting."Key: CABACPASSAGE 16SleepWe all know that the normal human daily cycle of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is win how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no more academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week , 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next,and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shows that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekend and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.1. The question raised in Paragraph 1 is "no mere academicone"A)because Bonjer's findings are different from Browns.B)because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C)because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.D)because shift work in industry requires people to change the sleeping habits.2. According to the passage, the main problem about night work is thatA) people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts.B) your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.C) not all industries work at the same hours.D) it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers.3. According to the passage, the best solution on the problem seems to beA) not to change shifts from one week to the next.B) to make periods on each shift longer.C) to employ people who will always work at night.D) to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly.4. In the second paragraph, "the third" meansA) the third weekB) the third shiftC) a third of the timeD) the third routine5. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, "another" meansA) another routineB) another shiftC) another weekD) another personkey: DBCBAPASSAGE 17What Makes a Soccer Player Great?�SSoccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these players get that way - was it through training and practice, or are great players "born, not made"? First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past - players that a young boy canlook up to and try to imitate. In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever won the World Cup - three from South America and three from western Europe. There hasnever been a great national team - or a really great player - from North America or from Asia. Second, these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four.Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighborhood - a poor, crowed area where a boy's dream is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer. For example, Liverpool, which produced the Beetles, had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years. Pele practiced in the street with a "ball" made of rags. And George Best learned the tricks that made him famous by bouncing the ball off a wall in the slums of Belfast.All great players have a lot in common, but thatdoesn't explain why they are great. Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with some unique quality thatsets them apart from all the others.1. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A) Soccer is popular all over the world, but truly great players are rare.B) Millions of people all over the world are playing soccer, but only six countries have ever had famous stars.C) Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but only six countries from South America andwestern Europe have ever had great national reams.D) Soccer is one of the most popular games all over the world, but it seems the least popular in North America and Asia.2. The word "tricks" at the end of Paragraph 2 is closestin meaning toA) experienceB) cheatingC) skillsD) training3. The Brazilian streets are mentioned to illustrate thatA) famous soccer players live in slum areas.B) People in poor areas are born with some unique qualityC) Children in poor areas start playing football at the age of three or four.D) A great soccer player may be born in a slum area.4. In the last paragraph the statement "… but only one became Pele" indicates thatA) Pele is the greatest soccer player.B) the greatest players are born with some unique quality.C) Pele's birthplace sets him apart from all the others.D) the success of a soccer player has everything to do with the family back ground.5. The author mentions all the factors that may affect a soccer player's success exceptA) his family back ground.B) his neighborhood.C) his practice.D) his character.KEYS:ACDBDPASSAGE 18Martin Luther King Jr.�BBy the time the Montgomery Improvement Association chose the 26-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader, the hours-old bus boycott by the black citizens of Montgomery, Alabama, was already an overwhelming success. King would later write that his unanticipated call to leadership "happened so quickly that I did not have time to think in through." "It is probable that if I had, I would have declined the nomination."Although press reports at the time focused on his inspiring oratory, King was actually a reluctant leader of a movement initiated by others.(The boycott began on Dec. 5 1955.) His subsequent writings and private correspondence reveal man whose inner doubts sharply contrast with his public persona. In the early days of his involvement, King was troubled by telephone threats, discord within the black community and Montgomery's "get tough" policy, to which king attributed his jailing on a minor traffic violation. One night, as he considered ways to "move out of thepicture without appearing a coward," he began to pray aloud and, at that moment, "experienced the presence of the God as I had never experienced Him before."He would later admit that when the boycott began, hewas not yet firmly committed to Gandhian principles. Although he had been exposed to those teachings in college, he had remained skeptical. "I thought the only way we could solve our problem of segregation was an armed revolt," he recalled. "I felt that the Christian ethic of love was confined to individual relationships."Only after his home was bombed in late January did king reconsider his views on violence. (At the time, he was seeking a gun permit and was protected by armed bodyguards.) Competing with each other to influence King were two ardent pacifists: Bayard Rustin, a black activist with the War Resisters League, and the Rev. Glenn E. Smiley, a whitestaff member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. Rustinwas shocked to discover a gun in King's house, while Smiley informed fellow pacifists that King's home was "an arsenal."1. What did King think of his nomination as leader of the Montgomery Boycott?A) He hadn't expected it.B) He had to think about it carefully.C) He would refuse to accept it.D) He was prepared to accept it.2. Why was King unwilling to lead the movement at first?A) Because he doubted if the boycott would be successful.B) Because he was troubled with a traffic accident at that time.C) Because he thought he was too young to be a leader.D) Because he himself didn't start the boycott.3. Which of the following is Not mentioned as somethingthat happened at the beginning of the black people's movement?A) King was put into prison.B) Black people disagreed with each other.C) King's armed revolt proposal was turned down.D) Black people found it hard to accept the policy pursued in Montgomery.4. Which of the following was the immediate cause that made King change his view on violence?A) The education he received in college.B) The attack of his home.C) The influence of two active non-violence advocates.D) The verdict of the Supreme Court.5. In Paragraph 4, the last sentence "King's home was 'an arsenal'" meansA) King's home was a place where people got together.B) King's home was a place where people tested bombs.C) King's home was a place where weapons were stored.D) King's home was a place where bombs exploded.Keys:ADCBC。