genitive_nounPPT教学课件
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名词的属格
• The map of China
• The climate of China
• The roads of China
• 当名词中心词有后置修饰语时，用’s属格, 但当of-属格所接名词有后置修饰语（关系 分句）时，必须用of-属格。
• Many people criticized Dick’s decision / *the decision of Dick to emigrate to Australia
The manager’s office Sarah’s eyes
• Where is the manager’s office? • (not ‘the office of the manager’)
The connotations of genitive nouns (’s )
• Possessive genitive Mr. Brown’s suitcase, Socrates’s wisdom Mrs Cammeron’s passport
This is时，’s后 面的名词常常省略
• The doctor’s ( rather than ‘the doctor’s surgery)
• My mother’s (rather than ‘my mother’s house) • 除地点属格外，含Eve 和degree意义的属格也可
• This is the car of the man we met. / This is *the man’s car we met
Note(1)
We can use –’s without a following noun in the following condition:
It’s my brother’s.
• The climate of China
• The roads of China
• 当名词中心词有后置修饰语时，用’s属格, 但当of-属格所接名词有后置修饰语（关系 分句）时，必须用of-属格。
• Many people criticized Dick’s decision / *the decision of Dick to emigrate to Australia
The manager’s office Sarah’s eyes
• Where is the manager’s office? • (not ‘the office of the manager’)
The connotations of genitive nouns (’s )
• Possessive genitive Mr. Brown’s suitcase, Socrates’s wisdom Mrs Cammeron’s passport
This is时，’s后 面的名词常常省略
• The doctor’s ( rather than ‘the doctor’s surgery)
• My mother’s (rather than ‘my mother’s house) • 除地点属格外，含Eve 和degree意义的属格也可
• This is the car of the man we met. / This is *the man’s car we met
Note(1)
We can use –’s without a following noun in the following condition:
It’s my brother’s.
genitive nounPPT教学课件
are really lovely. (The children are joint offspring of Charles and Louise.)
2020/12/10
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3. John’s and Mary’s children: A. the children who are offspring of John and Mary B. John’s child and Mary’s child C. John’s children and Mary’s child D. John’s child and Mary’s children E. John’s children and Mary’s children Coordinated genitives are formal. Tom and his brother’s children F
2
Case is a grammatical category and denotes the changes in the form of a noun or a pronoun showing its relationship with other words in a sentence. As modern English is basically an analytic language, English nouns have not a complicated case system like that of Latin, German, or modern Russian. The different grammatical functions of English nouns in a sentence are mostly determined by the word order, not by case form. It is in this sense that the genitive case may be viewed as a relic of the old case system. The genitive was traditionally labelled as the possessive case.
2020/12/10
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3. John’s and Mary’s children: A. the children who are offspring of John and Mary B. John’s child and Mary’s child C. John’s children and Mary’s child D. John’s child and Mary’s children E. John’s children and Mary’s children Coordinated genitives are formal. Tom and his brother’s children F
2
Case is a grammatical category and denotes the changes in the form of a noun or a pronoun showing its relationship with other words in a sentence. As modern English is basically an analytic language, English nouns have not a complicated case system like that of Latin, German, or modern Russian. The different grammatical functions of English nouns in a sentence are mostly determined by the word order, not by case form. It is in this sense that the genitive case may be viewed as a relic of the old case system. The genitive was traditionally labelled as the possessive case.
新编英语语法教程 PPT 大学生用书6. Noun and Noun Phrases
Some plural nouns taking either –s/es form or bare form
(1) Sociable animals as “antelope, fish, duck” can take either –s/es form or bare form. For example: ➢ I caught ten fish this morning. ➢ Fishes of every size prey upon others which are smaller. ➢ We saw a great many antelope. ➢ There are several antelopes. ➢ They shot a lot of moorhen and duck. ➢ Do they raise ducks there?
Plural forms with new senses
➢ Let’s go out for some fresh air. ➢ I hate the way she puts on airs. ➢ I received a letter from some men of letters. ➢ She answered in a business manner. ➢ She has no manners. ➢ She was clearly in a lot of pain. ➢ She was at great pains to stress the
Collective nouns can be used either in the singular or in the plural sense, e.g.: ➢ team, committee, family
名词的三种属格 Genitive Noun
(7)用在与表示集体或机构,文化活动等的名词后 the team's victory全队的胜利 the play's plot 该剧的情节
(8)用在某些固定词组中 a bird's eye view鸟瞰 a stone's throw一步之遥 at one's wits’end无计可施 in one's mind's eye在某人的心目中
三、's所有格和of 所有格互换问题
's所有格主要用于人名、较高等动物、有生命或视为有生命的名词,还包括地理、 天体、文化艺术活动、工业、科技、交通、电讯、时间、度量及价值等名词.
of 属格主要用于表示无生命的名词,但在很多情况下可以互换
(1)如果第一个名词A是有生命的,在“A'B”相当于“A有B”的表达方式里,不能用of 所有格代替 my father's house(不能互换)
六、练一练
①This is_____room. The twin sisters like it very much.
A.Lucy's and Lily's
B.Lucy's and Lily
C.Lucy and Lily's
②It's about_____walk from my home.
A. ten minute
D. an hour and a half
④Who is the man in the blue car, he is_____father.
A. Kate's and Mary's
B. Kate and Mary's
C. Kate and Mary
(8)用在某些固定词组中 a bird's eye view鸟瞰 a stone's throw一步之遥 at one's wits’end无计可施 in one's mind's eye在某人的心目中
三、's所有格和of 所有格互换问题
's所有格主要用于人名、较高等动物、有生命或视为有生命的名词,还包括地理、 天体、文化艺术活动、工业、科技、交通、电讯、时间、度量及价值等名词.
of 属格主要用于表示无生命的名词,但在很多情况下可以互换
(1)如果第一个名词A是有生命的,在“A'B”相当于“A有B”的表达方式里,不能用of 所有格代替 my father's house(不能互换)
六、练一练
①This is_____room. The twin sisters like it very much.
A.Lucy's and Lily's
B.Lucy's and Lily
C.Lucy and Lily's
②It's about_____walk from my home.
A. ten minute
D. an hour and a half
④Who is the man in the blue car, he is_____father.
A. Kate's and Mary's
B. Kate and Mary's
C. Kate and Mary
Lecture 5. Genitive Noun
e.g.
this brilliant idea of David’s which novel of Dickens’
two novels of Dickens’
Assignment
Review the relevant part in our text book.
e.g.
Mary’s and Bob’s books
如果仅在第二个名词之后加-’s，则指两人共有的书。
Mary and Bob’s books
1. Formation of genitive nouns
名词属格的构成
e). “ 名词词组 + 同位语”构成属格时， -’s 加
在同位语名词之后，也可以前后都加。
双重属格所修饰的名词可带 a, any, some 等 表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠 词。 e.g. Some/ any daughters of Mrs. Green’s
5. Double genitive
双重属格
双重属格所修饰的名词也可和 this, that 等 指示限定词连用，表示爱憎褒贬等感情色彩。 还可以带有which等疑问限定词和数词等定量 限定词。
名词属格的用法
c). 名词属格和 of-词组： 名词属格和of-词组意
义和用法上有许多相通之处，有时可以互换： e.g. China’s foreign policy = the foreign policy of China the prime minister’s arrival = the arrival of the prime minister the elephant’s trunk = the trunk of the elephant
this brilliant idea of David’s which novel of Dickens’
two novels of Dickens’
Assignment
Review the relevant part in our text book.
e.g.
Mary’s and Bob’s books
如果仅在第二个名词之后加-’s，则指两人共有的书。
Mary and Bob’s books
1. Formation of genitive nouns
名词属格的构成
e). “ 名词词组 + 同位语”构成属格时， -’s 加
在同位语名词之后，也可以前后都加。
双重属格所修饰的名词可带 a, any, some 等 表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠 词。 e.g. Some/ any daughters of Mrs. Green’s
5. Double genitive
双重属格
双重属格所修饰的名词也可和 this, that 等 指示限定词连用，表示爱憎褒贬等感情色彩。 还可以带有which等疑问限定词和数词等定量 限定词。
名词属格的用法
c). 名词属格和 of-词组： 名词属格和of-词组意
义和用法上有许多相通之处，有时可以互换： e.g. China’s foreign policy = the foreign policy of China the prime minister’s arrival = the arrival of the prime minister the elephant’s trunk = the trunk of the elephant
语法第4课Lecture 4 & 5 noun phrase & genitive noun
– partitives + plural count nouns: "a group""a pack" – partitives + noncount nouns: countability
• Partitives:
– general partitives
• piece, bit, item, article
– used as premodifiers
• genitive nouns vs. of-phrase
genitive nouns similarities possession, S-V, V-O, origin description ofphrase
in some idioms
differences nouns with long postmodifiers "the + adj." of-phrase used as appositive
Noun & Noun Phrases-Classification of nouns
• a. word formation
– simple, compound, derivative
• b. lexical meaning
– proper noun: used for a particular person, place or thing; spelt with a capital initial letter – common noun: common to a class of people, things or abstract ideas
• personal names ending in sibilant /z/:
• Partitives:
– general partitives
• piece, bit, item, article
– used as premodifiers
• genitive nouns vs. of-phrase
genitive nouns similarities possession, S-V, V-O, origin description ofphrase
in some idioms
differences nouns with long postmodifiers "the + adj." of-phrase used as appositive
Noun & Noun Phrases-Classification of nouns
• a. word formation
– simple, compound, derivative
• b. lexical meaning
– proper noun: used for a particular person, place or thing; spelt with a capital initial letter – common noun: common to a class of people, things or abstract ideas
• personal names ending in sibilant /z/:
基因本体论GeneOntology概览ppt课件
2
Gene Ontology widely adopted
AgBase
3
GO(gene ontology)是:
基因本体联合会(Gene Onotology Consortium) 所建立的数据库，旨在建立一套适用于各种物种 的，对基因和蛋白质功能进行限定和描述的，并 能随着研究不断深入而更新的语义(terms)词汇标 准。
4
GO语义的分类
• 分子功能(Molecular Function)
描述在个体分子生物学上的活性，如催化 活性或结合活性。
• 生物学过程(Biological Process)
由分子功能有序地组成的，具有多个步骤 的一个过程。
• 细胞组件(Cellular Component)
指基因产物位于何种细胞器或基因产物组 中(如糙面内质网，核糖体，蛋白酶体等 )，即基因产物在什么地方起作用。
具。
26
Designed by Morrain
27
基因本体论(Gene Ontology)概览
报告：孔垂亮 导师：高ain
1
为什么要建立Gene Ontology
• 解决生物学定义混乱的现象，使各种数据库中基 因产物功能描述相一致
• 使得在不同生物数据库中的查询具有极高的一致 性
• 允许在各种水平查询基因产物的特性
11
基因产物的注释
• 由参与合作的数据库来完成的，它们使用GO的定 义方法，对它们所包含的基因产物进行注释
• 注释需要反映在正常情况下此基因产物的功能， 生物过程，定位等
• 注释必须提供支持这种基因产物和GO术语之间联 系的证据
12
AmiGO
5
6
语义之间的关系
Gene Ontology widely adopted
AgBase
3
GO(gene ontology)是:
基因本体联合会(Gene Onotology Consortium) 所建立的数据库，旨在建立一套适用于各种物种 的，对基因和蛋白质功能进行限定和描述的，并 能随着研究不断深入而更新的语义(terms)词汇标 准。
4
GO语义的分类
• 分子功能(Molecular Function)
描述在个体分子生物学上的活性，如催化 活性或结合活性。
• 生物学过程(Biological Process)
由分子功能有序地组成的，具有多个步骤 的一个过程。
• 细胞组件(Cellular Component)
指基因产物位于何种细胞器或基因产物组 中(如糙面内质网，核糖体，蛋白酶体等 )，即基因产物在什么地方起作用。
具。
26
Designed by Morrain
27
基因本体论(Gene Ontology)概览
报告：孔垂亮 导师：高ain
1
为什么要建立Gene Ontology
• 解决生物学定义混乱的现象，使各种数据库中基 因产物功能描述相一致
• 使得在不同生物数据库中的查询具有极高的一致 性
• 允许在各种水平查询基因产物的特性
11
基因产物的注释
• 由参与合作的数据库来完成的，它们使用GO的定 义方法，对它们所包含的基因产物进行注释
• 注释需要反映在正常情况下此基因产物的功能， 生物过程，定位等
• 注释必须提供支持这种基因产物和GO术语之间联 系的证据
12
AmiGO
5
6
语义之间的关系
5_genitive_noun
12. Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST? . A. She opened the door and quietly went in. B. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports. C. Think it over again and you’ll get an answer. D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don’t like this.
Final Revision
Part I. Multiple Choice: (40%, 1 point for each) Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section．For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．
He was ______ to tell the truth. A. too much of a coward B. too much coward C. a coward enough D. enough of coward
Part II. Error Identification: (20%, 2 points for each) Direction: Choose the one that is wrong from the four underlined parts in each of the following sentences and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．
现代大学英语精度1第-课PPT课件
Prepositions of Time
Prepositions used to indicate time, such as "in," "on," "at," etc.
Subordinate Clauses
A clause that depends on another clause for its meaning and structure, usually introduced by a subordinating conjunction such as "because," "when," "where," etc.
• Enhance reading comprehension: The course aims to improve students' reading comprehension skills, allowing them to understand and analyze a variety of English texts.
New words
1
2
1. Precision (noun): the quality of being exact or precise.
3
2. Verbosity (noun): the quality of being verbose or wordy.
New words and phrases
Course outline
Unit 1
Basic Grammar and Vocabulary
Unit 2
Listening and Speaking Practice
第4讲-限定词
• 1) Articles in use with the proper noun • 2) Articles in use with the common noun • 3) Other uses of the articles
4.4.1 Generic and specific reference
• 3) Anaphoric, cataphoric and situational reference
Anaphoric reference
• Anaphoric: pointing backward • When what is referred to occurs in a context and the definite article has to point backward for its meaning, this is known as “anaphoric reference”.
4.1 Collocations between determiners and nouns
• The choice of determiners is closely related to what might be called the three classes of nouns:
– singular count nouns – plural count nouns – noncount nouns
– He ordered a book some time ago. The book has now arrived. – His car struck a tree; you can still see the mark on the tree.
Cataphoric reference
4.4.1 Generic and specific reference
• 3) Anaphoric, cataphoric and situational reference
Anaphoric reference
• Anaphoric: pointing backward • When what is referred to occurs in a context and the definite article has to point backward for its meaning, this is known as “anaphoric reference”.
4.1 Collocations between determiners and nouns
• The choice of determiners is closely related to what might be called the three classes of nouns:
– singular count nouns – plural count nouns – noncount nouns
– He ordered a book some time ago. The book has now arrived. – His car struck a tree; you can still see the mark on the tree.
Cataphoric reference
onion(洋葱味)--onions(洋葱头)幻灯片PPT
2. I’ve already arranged for your appointment, and this _____ can not be changed.
3. Very few people attended the lecture. The speaker was disappointed at the _____.
精品文档
1. classification of nouns 2. number forms of nouns 3. partitives 3. possessive form of nouns 4. the gender of nouns 5. usage of nouns in sentence 6. keys to the excises
精品文档
collective nouns individual nouns
poetry poem
machinery machine
clothing garment, coat, etc.
furniture table, wardrobe, etc.
cutlery knife
equipment tool
correspondence letter
luggage trunk, bag, etc.
police policeman
clergy clergyman
பைடு நூலகம்
精品文档
4. Number forms of material nouns Material nouns are generally uncountable and have no
2. Number forms of individual nouns Individual nouns are all countable nouns and therefore
3. Very few people attended the lecture. The speaker was disappointed at the _____.
精品文档
1. classification of nouns 2. number forms of nouns 3. partitives 3. possessive form of nouns 4. the gender of nouns 5. usage of nouns in sentence 6. keys to the excises
精品文档
collective nouns individual nouns
poetry poem
machinery machine
clothing garment, coat, etc.
furniture table, wardrobe, etc.
cutlery knife
equipment tool
correspondence letter
luggage trunk, bag, etc.
police policeman
clergy clergyman
பைடு நூலகம்
精品文档
4. Number forms of material nouns Material nouns are generally uncountable and have no
2. Number forms of individual nouns Individual nouns are all countable nouns and therefore
基因 Microsoft PowerPoint 演示文稿
4、 GT-AG法则。
四、基因中含有转录调控相关的序列
１．启动子（promoter)和上游启动子元件 启动子: RNA聚合酶特异性识别和结合的DNA序列 真核生物启动子元件是TATA盒 上游启动子元件
CAAT盒:-70~-80bp,与转录因子CTF结合，决定 启动子转录的效率。
GC盒：-35bp ,与转录因子SP1结合，促进转录 的过程
核质
线粒体
tRNA前体 线粒体RNA
5S rRNA
不敏感
敏感
敏感
不敏感
启动子分为
I类启动子：能够被RNA聚合酶I和转录因子I识别和结合的启动子，
主要见于编码rRNA的基因。
II类启动子：能够被RNA聚合酶II和转录因子II识别和结合的启动子。
见于编码蛋白质的基因 典型的启动子：
含有TATA盒和上游启动子元件CAAT盒和GC盒 具有一个转录起始点和较高的转录活性 不含TATA盒、富含GC的启动子： 一般含有数个分离的转录起始点 不含TATA盒、也没有GC富含区的启动子： 转录活性很低或根本没有转录活性
1952年Chase等利用病毒也证实了DNA是 遗传物质的携带者。
1982年Palmiter等建立了转基因小鼠
1997年Wilmut做出了克隆羊Dolly
（二）基因含义的演变 1941年，Beadle和Tatum以链孢霉为材料进行生化遗传研究， 提出了“一个基因一种酶”的假说 。
“一个基因一条多肽链” 的概念。
表13-1 真核生物RNA聚合酶的种类和性质
种类
I型（或A） II型（或B） III型（或C） 线粒体（Mt型）
分子量
5.5×105 6×105
分布
核仁
核质
转录产物 5.8S、18S、 mRNA前体
四、基因中含有转录调控相关的序列
１．启动子（promoter)和上游启动子元件 启动子: RNA聚合酶特异性识别和结合的DNA序列 真核生物启动子元件是TATA盒 上游启动子元件
CAAT盒:-70~-80bp,与转录因子CTF结合，决定 启动子转录的效率。
GC盒：-35bp ,与转录因子SP1结合，促进转录 的过程
核质
线粒体
tRNA前体 线粒体RNA
5S rRNA
不敏感
敏感
敏感
不敏感
启动子分为
I类启动子：能够被RNA聚合酶I和转录因子I识别和结合的启动子，
主要见于编码rRNA的基因。
II类启动子：能够被RNA聚合酶II和转录因子II识别和结合的启动子。
见于编码蛋白质的基因 典型的启动子：
含有TATA盒和上游启动子元件CAAT盒和GC盒 具有一个转录起始点和较高的转录活性 不含TATA盒、富含GC的启动子： 一般含有数个分离的转录起始点 不含TATA盒、也没有GC富含区的启动子： 转录活性很低或根本没有转录活性
1952年Chase等利用病毒也证实了DNA是 遗传物质的携带者。
1982年Palmiter等建立了转基因小鼠
1997年Wilmut做出了克隆羊Dolly
（二）基因含义的演变 1941年，Beadle和Tatum以链孢霉为材料进行生化遗传研究， 提出了“一个基因一种酶”的假说 。
“一个基因一条多肽链” 的概念。
表13-1 真核生物RNA聚合酶的种类和性质
种类
I型（或A） II型（或B） III型（或C） 线粒体（Mt型）
分子量
5.5×105 6×105
分布
核仁
核质
转录产物 5.8S、18S、 mRNA前体
genitive+noun
4. When the missing noun refers to commercial firms:
Pickled vegetable are available at the grocer’s. Chinese toys are sold both at Smith’s and at Brown’s.
2. Plural nouns ending in –s take an apostrophe as genitive marker
the girls’ dormitory a teachers’ college 3. In compound nouns or a post modified noun phrases, the genitive ending is adding to the compound or to the end of the noun phrase, my mother-in-law ’s death an hour and a half ’s talk somebody else ’s opinion the university of Minnesota’s president
the father his father the boy’s father her husband the woman’s husband
the students’ essays their essays
2.
√ × Mary’s interesting letter √
Mary’s a letter Mary’s letter
He found a bone of the dog’s.一根狗吃的骨头 He found a bone of the dog. 狗骨 He found the dog’s bone.狗吃的骨头/ 狗的骨头
人称代词和形容词性物主代词 PPT
人称代词和形容词性物主代词
•I 我 • you 您 • he 他 • she 她 • it 它 • we 我们 • you 您们 • they 他们,她们,它们
• 我是I ,您是you, • 还有三个不用愁, • 男他he,女她she,还有it是宝盖它, • 我们用we,您们you, • 他(她,它)们要用they,they,they
• my我的 • your您的 • his他的 • her她的 • its它的 • our我们的 • your您们的 • their他(她,它)们的
形容词性物主代词
1、相当于形容词 2、后面必须加名词
形容词性物主代词 记忆口诀
• 物主代词特别重要,译成汉语都有 “的”;
• 后面必须加上物,否则就要犯错误。 • 我的my,您的your, • 男他的his,女她的her, • 宝盖它的its不加点, • 我们的our,您们的your, • 他们的their别忘了。
brown shoes
• He has brown shoes、
His shoes are brown、
She has brown shoes、
• Her shoes are brown、
blue glasses
• She has blue glasses、
Her glasses are blue、
long hair
• She has long hair、
Her hair is long、
short hair
He has short hair、
His hair is short、
感谢您的聆听！
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人称代词 I you he she it we you they
•I 我 • you 您 • he 他 • she 她 • it 它 • we 我们 • you 您们 • they 他们,她们,它们
• 我是I ,您是you, • 还有三个不用愁, • 男他he,女她she,还有it是宝盖它, • 我们用we,您们you, • 他(她,它)们要用they,they,they
• my我的 • your您的 • his他的 • her她的 • its它的 • our我们的 • your您们的 • their他(她,它)们的
形容词性物主代词
1、相当于形容词 2、后面必须加名词
形容词性物主代词 记忆口诀
• 物主代词特别重要,译成汉语都有 “的”;
• 后面必须加上物,否则就要犯错误。 • 我的my,您的your, • 男他的his,女她的her, • 宝盖它的its不加点, • 我们的our,您们的your, • 他们的their别忘了。
brown shoes
• He has brown shoes、
His shoes are brown、
She has brown shoes、
• Her shoes are brown、
blue glasses
• She has blue glasses、
Her glasses are blue、
long hair
• She has long hair、
Her hair is long、
short hair
He has short hair、
His hair is short、
感谢您的聆听！
Байду номын сангаас
人称代词 I you he she it we you they
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Lecture 5 Genitive Noun
2020/12/11
1
Teaching Contents
5.1 Formation, meanings and uses of genitive nouns
5.2 Independent genitive and double genitive
2020/12/11
2020/12/11
8
4. How to avoid ambiguity? a. I’m interested in Henry and Herbert’s book(s) / the
of a postmodified noun phrase, e.g. my brother-in-
law’s friend, a cat and dog’s life, [the teacher of
music]’s 2020/12/11 room
5
d) In coordinate nouns, the genitive ending is added to each of the coordinate elements when denoting respective possession, and only to the last coordinate element when denoting common possession, e.g. America’s and England’s problems (respective); America and England’s problems (in common)
Coordinated genitivead of the noun phrase is singular: Charles and Louise’s / Charles’s and Louise’s child is
really lovely. (The child is a joint offspring of Charles and Louise.) 2. The head of the noun phrase is plural: Charles and Louise’s / Charles’s and Louise’s children
e.g. the children’s toys,
the toys of children
2020/12/11
4
5.1 Formation, meanings and uses of genitive
nouns
1) Rules of formation of the –s genitive
a) adding ’s to singular nouns and to those plural nouns that don’t end in –s , e.g. my mother’s arrival, women’s clothes
2020/12/11
3
Two Case systems: the unmarked common case and the marked genitive case: boy, boy’s
The genitive case: the inflected genitive (the –s genitive)(屈折所属格） and the periphrastic genitive (the of-genitive)（迂 回所属格）
2
Case is a grammatical category and denotes the changes in the form of a noun or a pronoun showing its relationship with other words in a sentence. As modern English is basically an analytic language, English nouns have not a complicated case system like that of Latin, German, or modern Russian. The different grammatical functions of English nouns in a sentence are mostly determined by the word order, not by case form. It is in this sense that the genitive case may be viewed as a relic of the old case system. The genitive was traditionally labelled as the possessive case.
b) adding an apostrophe撇号 to plural nouns ending in –s, e.g. the teachers’ college, the workers’ achievements
c) adding ’s to the compound nouns or to the end
are really lovely. (The children are joint offspring of Charles and Louise.)
2020/12/11
7
3. John’s and Mary’s children: A. the children who are offspring of John and Mary B. John’s child and Mary’s child C. John’s children and Mary’s child D. John’s child and Mary’s children E. John’s children and Mary’s children Coordinated genitives are formal.
2020/12/11
1
Teaching Contents
5.1 Formation, meanings and uses of genitive nouns
5.2 Independent genitive and double genitive
2020/12/11
2020/12/11
8
4. How to avoid ambiguity? a. I’m interested in Henry and Herbert’s book(s) / the
of a postmodified noun phrase, e.g. my brother-in-
law’s friend, a cat and dog’s life, [the teacher of
music]’s 2020/12/11 room
5
d) In coordinate nouns, the genitive ending is added to each of the coordinate elements when denoting respective possession, and only to the last coordinate element when denoting common possession, e.g. America’s and England’s problems (respective); America and England’s problems (in common)
Coordinated genitivead of the noun phrase is singular: Charles and Louise’s / Charles’s and Louise’s child is
really lovely. (The child is a joint offspring of Charles and Louise.) 2. The head of the noun phrase is plural: Charles and Louise’s / Charles’s and Louise’s children
e.g. the children’s toys,
the toys of children
2020/12/11
4
5.1 Formation, meanings and uses of genitive
nouns
1) Rules of formation of the –s genitive
a) adding ’s to singular nouns and to those plural nouns that don’t end in –s , e.g. my mother’s arrival, women’s clothes
2020/12/11
3
Two Case systems: the unmarked common case and the marked genitive case: boy, boy’s
The genitive case: the inflected genitive (the –s genitive)(屈折所属格） and the periphrastic genitive (the of-genitive)（迂 回所属格）
2
Case is a grammatical category and denotes the changes in the form of a noun or a pronoun showing its relationship with other words in a sentence. As modern English is basically an analytic language, English nouns have not a complicated case system like that of Latin, German, or modern Russian. The different grammatical functions of English nouns in a sentence are mostly determined by the word order, not by case form. It is in this sense that the genitive case may be viewed as a relic of the old case system. The genitive was traditionally labelled as the possessive case.
b) adding an apostrophe撇号 to plural nouns ending in –s, e.g. the teachers’ college, the workers’ achievements
c) adding ’s to the compound nouns or to the end
are really lovely. (The children are joint offspring of Charles and Louise.)
2020/12/11
7
3. John’s and Mary’s children: A. the children who are offspring of John and Mary B. John’s child and Mary’s child C. John’s children and Mary’s child D. John’s child and Mary’s children E. John’s children and Mary’s children Coordinated genitives are formal.