八大钢企2015年铁矿石自给率超40%
资金的时间价值及等值计算的应用
水工程技术经济第3章资金的时间价值及等值计算的应用2015年9月8日资金的时间价值1现金流量与现金流量的表达2资金等值及等值计算的应用3Excel 在工程经济中的应用——等值计算4目录Contents1 资金的时间价值某机构准备对某水工程项目进行投资，现拟定了甲、乙两个投资方案，初始投资均为1000万元，实现的利润总额相同，只是每年获得的利润不同，问该企业应选择哪个方案。
年末甲方案乙方案0-1000-10001+1200+3002+800+8003+300+1200☐时间是一种特殊的资源。
☐任何物质资源的存在和发展都和时间联系紧密，都体现或包含时间的价值，资金亦是如此。
价值形态资金投入生产流通没有投入流通●与劳动力结合，发生增值。
●毫无变化，放弃了增值的机会，同时付出一定的代价（资金的时间价值）。
1.1 资金的时间价值的概念☐也称之为报酬原理或货币的时间价值。
☐资金在生产和流通过程中，随着时间的推移能够产生的增值，所增值的部分成为资金的时间价值。
（货币存入银行获得的利息）实质⏹商品经济中的普遍现象；⏹把资金作为生产的一个基本要素，在扩大再生产及其流通过程中，随时间的变化而发生的增值。
体现⏹一定的资金，在不同点时具有不同的价值；⏹资金必须与时间相结合，才能表示出其真正的价值。
●两个方面进一步理解资金时间价值的含义投资者角度☐资金投入生产和流通过程中，由于劳动者的工作使资金获得一定的收益，从而使资金发生增值。
☐劳动力在生产过程中创造了剩余价值，所以资金增值的特性使自己具有时间价值。
消费者角度☐资金一旦用于投资，就不能用于现期消费，牺牲现期消费是为了能在将来得到更多。
☐资金的时间价值体现为放弃现期消费的损失所给予的必要补偿。
1.3 计息方法单利法⏹以本金为基数计算利息⏹无论年限多长，上一期利息在下一计息期中并不产生利息。
⏹利息与时间呈线性关系。
⏹本金为P ，n 为计息期数，i 为利率，则所付或所收的利息I 为：I =Pin⏹到期时应收或应付的总金额为：F =P +I =P （1+ in ）以本金与累计利息之和为基数计算利息的，即“利滚利”。
IST 40.2
Standard Test Method forElectrostatic Decay of Nonwoven FabricsA number in Parentheses indicates the year of last revision.1. Scope1.1 This method determines the electrostatic properties of a material in film or sheet form by measuring the time required to dissipate a charge from the surface of the material.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles 1D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles forTesting 12.1 Other Standards:NFPA-99-92 Sec. 12-4.1.3.8(f) (3) 2Federal Test Method STD No. 101C, Method4046, Electrostatic Properties of Materials 33Terminology 3.1 Definitions :3.1.1 electrostatic decay , n – the ability of amaterial when grounded to dissipate a charge which has been induced on the surface of the material.3.1.2 decay time , n – the time in seconds for the induced charge to dissipate to 10% of its original level.4. Summary of the Method4.1 A flat sheet material is tested to determine its ability to dissipate an electrostatic charge by mounting samples of the material, subsequently charging the material to 5000V and then timing the charge dissipation.5. Significance and Use5.1 F abrics, films, nonwovens, or other materials which may be used in situations where electrostatic charge is objectionable may be tested using this method. These situations may be safety related such as use around flammable materials or practical such as handling the fabric or film on automated equipment.6. Apparatus6.1 Static Decay Meter (1) – The static decaymeter shall be capable of imparting a high voltage charge of at least 5000 volts positive and negative, and have a voltmeter and time capable of measuring the charge and timing its decay to a present limit. The meter should be equipped with a set of electrodes capable of supporting samples 89 x 140 mm (3.5 x 5.5in.) and making good electrical contact.6.2 Gloves – latex or cotton knit gloves which will prevent contamination of fabric surfaces.7. Sampling, Test Specimens and Test Units7.1 Take the bulk and laboratory samplesaccording to any applicable material specifications, or in their absence, take the laboratory sample in such a manner that it is representative of the lot to be tested.7.2 Take no specimen nearer the edge than 1/10 the width of the fabric.7.3 Five specimens should be taken in each direction per sample.7.4 If it is determined that a significant difference in performance exists between face and back then a double set of specimens should be run to evaluate performance of each surface.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 The test unit should be installed in aconditioned environment identical to the environment used to condition the specimens.8.2 The apparatus should be turned on and“warmed-up” for at least 30 minutes prior to calibration or testing.8.3 Calibrate the instrument using manufacturers instructions for the unit. This calibration should be done daily or alternately, prior to each round of testing.Calibration results should be recorded as part of a total quality system.8.4 Be sure the instrument is clean, and that the cut-off switch for the timer is set properly.8.5 Be sure the instrument is clean, and that the cutoff switch for the timer is set properly.9. Conditioning9.1 Samples should be conditioned at 50% R.H.and 23 ° + 1°C for 24 hours prior to testing. Testing should be carried out at these conditions. Samples should be exposed to these conditions following guidelines in ASTM D 1776.9.2 Other conditions may be required by product specifications and or standards. If test conditions are different from those mentioned above the results are not in compliance with NFPA 99. These conditions should be reported along with the test results.9.3 \\\\\\\INDA, Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry1300 Crescent Green, Suite 135Cary, NC 27512Copyright 2001, INDA1 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 07.01.2National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch ParkP.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.3General Services Administration Building 197, Washington NavyYard, Washington, DC 20407.®STANDARD TEST: IST 40.2 (01)10.Preparation of Specimens10.1 Prepare the MD and CD specimens bydie or scissor cutting to the dimensions specified in Section 6.1, being careful not to contaminate the specimens during handling.11.Procedure11.1Turn the test device on and allow 30 minutes to warm up.11.2 Depress Zero/Standard switch. Be sure cut-off setting is on 10%. Sample charge meter should read 0.11.3Calibrate the meter according to manufacture instructions.11.4Set manual mode and set High Voltage to “off”.11.5L oad the test sample into the electrodes. Be sure sample is straight and makes good contact at each point. Do not touch samples with ungloved hands.11.6D epress charge button. If the sample registersa charge, it may not be antistatic.11.7D epress Hi Voltage (+) and adjust to 5KV.11.8D epress Zero/STBY and adjust if necessary.11.9Depress CHG Button. The sample charge meter should instantly move to full scale. If the sample-charging stop is slow the sample is probably not antistatic or is weakly antistatic.11.10 Once charged full-scale (5KV) press the test button. Decay time will be displayed in seconds. Record this value.11.11Turn off high voltage. Remove sample.11.12Repeat 11.7–11.11 for high voltage (-).12.Calculation12.1 Calculate the average for each direction/face.13. Report13.1 Report both the average and individual maximum for each direction/face.13.2I f the material is not chargeable, report at not chargeable, under this method.13.3I f decay time exceeds one minute report as (> 1 min).13.4R eport temperature and R.H. values for this test if they differ from those specified.14.Precision and Bias14.1P recision – The precision of this method hasnot been determined.14.2 Bias – The accuracy of this test method is tobe determined.15.Keywords15.1e lectrostatic decay, nonwoven fabrics, charge, dissipate NOTES1. A suitable device for measuring electrostatic decay is available:Electro-Tech Systems, Inc.35 E Glenside AvenueGlenside, PA 19038Model 406 D Electro Static Decay MeterFor installations not equipped with a controlled environment the test may be done using a glove box. This apparatus is also available from Electro-Tech Systems.Model 506 ChamberModel 514 Humidity ControllerIST 40.2 (01)。
韶关市典型香芋产区土壤养分状况及肥力评价
华南农业大学学报 Journal of South China Agricultural University 2024, 45(3): 344-353DOI: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.202307012崔罗肖, 刘娅, 赵兰凤, 等. 韶关市典型香芋产区土壤养分状况及肥力评价[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2024, 45(3): 344-353.CUI Luoxiao, LIU Ya, ZHAO Lanfeng, et al. Soil nutrient status and fertility evaluation of typical taro producing areas in Shaoguan City[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2024, 45(3): 344-353.韶关市典型香芋产区土壤养分状况及肥力评价崔罗肖1，刘 娅1，赵兰凤1，张新明1，许一武2，谢 健3，任宗玲1(1 华南农业大学 资源环境学院, 广东 广州 510642； 2 广东天禾农资股份有限公司, 广东 广州 510080；3 广西壮族自治区南宁市宾阳县黎塘镇农业综合服务中心, 广西 南宁 530409)摘要: 【目的】了解广东省韶关市典型香芋产区的土壤肥力情况，以期为香芋产区土壤养分资源管理提供参考依据。
【方法】分别于韶关市的3个香芋种植区(桂头镇老均村，廊田镇官坡滩村、农庄村)采集0~30 cm香芋根际土壤样品，测定土壤理化性质，通过主成分分析和相关性分析，筛选出最能代表当地土壤肥力的指标进入最小数据集，通过隶属度函数对所有的指标进行归一化处理，计算土壤质量指数并评价土壤肥力。
【结果】3个香芋产区土壤均呈酸性；容重为1.17 g·cm−3，质地适宜；阳离子交换量(Cation exchange capacity，CEC)为9.17 cmol·kg−1，处于较低水平；速效P (54.20 mg·kg−1)、有效Cu (2.07 mg·kg−1)、有效Fe (186.33 mg·kg−1)、有效Zn (1.87mg·kg−1)丰富，有效Mn (4.21 mg·kg−1)、有效B (0.12 mg·kg−1)、有效Mo (0.10 mg·kg−1)缺乏或极缺乏，其他养分含量处于中等及以上水平。
HR-4040 US CPSIA and lead &phthalate requirements -translate
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Approved Lead Restrictions in the US
State Lead content Regulations (Bill) / Requirements /Scope Connecticut 康涅狄格州 - An Public Act No.08-106 Concerning Safe Products for Children (Jewelry, toys, decorative objects, accessories, furniture, clothing, candy, food, dietary supplements, edible items) -Paint / surface coating ≤ 90 ppm California 加州 Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州 (Withdrawn) Health and Safety Code Section 25214.1-25214.2 (California Prop.65) Refer to consent Judgments < 14 years old Refer to consent Judgments Not Specified Refer to consent Judgments June 13, 2008 < 12 years old Age grading Accessible component only? (Y/N) Not Specified Effective/ Enactment Date July 1, 2009 (≤300ppm) July 1, 2011 (≤100ppm)
福田康明斯ISF3.8 ISF2.8发动机介绍
福田康明斯ISF3.8/2.8发动机介绍BFCEC ISF3.8/2.8 Engine Introduction王艳民2010-7-1背景介绍Introduction产品结构及技术参数Product Specifications产品特点 Main Features产品优势 Advantages综合效益分析 Benefits to Customers问题回答 Q&A内容 Contents背景介绍背景介绍 Introduction产品结构及技术参数Product Specifications产品特点 Main Features产品优势 Advantages综合效益分析 Benefits to Customers问题回答 Q&A内容 Contents康明斯介绍 Cummins Introduction康明斯公司概览Cummins Introduction �成立于1919年�总部在美国印第安纳州哥伦布市�股票代码CMI，1964年纽约证交所上市�2008年业务额143亿美元–包括合资企业在内的总销售额为210亿美元�全球雇员总数41,000人�财富美国五百强（2009年排名181）�财富全球最受敬仰的公司（2008、2009年）�董事长兼首席执行官： Tim Solso（苏志强）�总裁兼首席运营官：TomLinebarger（兰博文）世界上最大的独立柴油机产品供应商全球一体化生产，销售，服务网络超过 1,200 个主机厂（OEM）客户销售动力的产品种类和市场覆盖率均为全球第一北京奥运公交指定发动机供应商康明斯业务概览 Cummins Highlights服务分销供应链康明斯在190多个国家和地区拥有：• 550多家分销商• 5000多家代理商网点２５个发动机厂５２个零部件生产厂１9个技术中心１５个地区零部件分拨中心销售与服务国际分销商发动机制造国际化的康明斯-全球唯一一家集成五大关键技术的发动机供应商进气和废气再循环系统燃油系统燃烧优化后处理系统电控系统-可满足世界最严格排放标准的发动机供应商北京福田康明斯发动机有限公司�成立于2007年�福田与康明斯以50:50比例建立的合资公司�康明斯最大的海外战略投资项目�总投资超过27亿元人民币�产品：ISF2.8、ISF3.8�全球最大的轻型柴油机制造公司年产40万台 (2015)�中国最先进的柴油发动机工厂之一-ISF2.8/3.8产品来源�ISF2.8/3.8 柴油机是康明斯公司投入巨资、面向未来、聚合康明斯所有优势资源及先进技术、全新开发的新一代全电控轻型柴油机�中国首发�填补了国内中高端轻卡用发动机的市场空白背景介绍 Introduction产品结构及技术参数Product Specifications产品特点 Main Features产品优势 Advantages综合效益分析 Benefits to Customers问题回答 Q&A内容 ContentsISF3.8柴油机�直列、四缸�增压、空空中冷�102 mm 缸径 x 115 mm 冲程�每缸4气门�高压共轨系统�后置齿轮室�排量: 3.8升ISF-发动机系列 3.8-排量S3/4/5-排放欧Ⅲ/欧Ⅳ/欧Ⅴ 168-功率（英制马力）发动机型号标定功率kW/转速r/min 最大扭矩N ·m/转速r/min 排放标准ISF3.8s4141105/2600450/12-2200欧ⅣISF3.8s4154115/2600500/12-1900欧ⅣISF3.8s4168125/2600600/13-1700欧Ⅳ�直列、四缸 增压、空空中冷�94 mm 缸径 x 100 mm 冲程 每缸4气门�单顶置凸轮 (SOHC) (3600 rpm) 后置链传动�高压共轨系统 排量: 2.8升ISF-发动机系列 2.8-排量S3/4/5-排放欧Ⅲ/欧Ⅳ/欧Ⅴ 161-功率（英制马力）P-乘用车用 T-卡车用ISF2.8柴油机发动机型号标定功率kW/转速r/min 最大扭矩N ·m/转速r/min 排放标准ISF2.8s4107P 80/3600280/14-2400欧ⅣISF2.8s4129P 96/3600280/14-3000欧ⅣISF2.8s4129T 96/3200310/16-2700欧Ⅲ、欧ⅣISF2.8s4148T 110/3200360/18-2700欧Ⅲ、欧ⅣISF2.8s4161P120/3600360/18-3000欧Ⅳ排放控制技术路线排放2.8L整车认证2.8L和3.8L台架认证Euro Ⅲ无不需后处理Euro IV冷却 EGR + DOC SCREuro V 增强的冷却 EGR+ DPFSCREGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation)：废气再循环SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)：选择性催化还原DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst)：柴油氧化催化器DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)：柴油颗粒过滤器背景介绍 Introduction产品结构及技术参数Product Specifications 产品特点 Main Features产品优势 Advantages综合效益分析 Benefits to Customers问题回答 Q&A内容 Contents带废气旁通阀增压器高压共轨- 新技术特点四气门-两进、两排分层式冷却液流动模型电子控制瞬间多次喷射电控无空气驱动（SCR） 选择性催化还原系统曲轴驱动容积式机油泵后置齿轮室模块化设计ISF 2.8 后置链条传动ISF2.8 冷却EGRISF2.8/3.8柴油机-新材料合成材料气门室罩重量轻、可回收合成材料油底壳重量轻、可回收合成材料低压油管快速装卡，重量轻、可回收-新工艺康明斯特有的母体缸孔处理技术-提高缸孔耐磨度-无缸套缸体强度更高（可承受185bar最高爆发压力）-活塞环与缸孔完美配合，大大降低机油消耗同时延缓机油老化ISF2.8/3.8柴油机背景介绍 Introduction产品结构及技术参数Product Specifications产品特点 Main Features产品优势 Advantages综合效益分析 Benefits to Customers问题回答 Q&A内容 Contents澎湃动力全面节省可靠耐久清洁、低噪声�自重最轻-仅340kg，较同类型柴油机低10-20%�升功率最大-33.2kW/L，较同类型柴油机高10%�匹配轻卡最高车速115km/h,较同类产品提高30%�加速时有明显推背感-澎湃动力BFCEC 康明斯产品型号ISF3.8ISDe4.5缸径mm 10210798102110110行程mm 115124126118112125排量L 3.76 4.5 3.8 3.856 4.257 4.751燃油系统电控共轨电控共轨电控单体泵电控共轨电控共轨电控共轨额定功率kw 105-125136125100-125103-132101-115额定转速rpm 260025002500280025002500最大扭矩N·m 450-600450-650620420-600500-630450-550转速rpm 12-220012-1500140013-150017001400燃油耗率g/kw·h 195195198205195200升功率可kw/L 33.230.232.932.43124.2排放水平欧3-5欧3-4欧3欧3欧3欧3噪声92939699115重量kg340377380*********D C Y XAvalon Torque Curve - Proposed010020030040050060070080090010001100120013001400150016001700180019002000210022002300240025002600Engine Speed (RPM)E n g i n e T o r q u e (N -m )105 kW115 kW125 kW最宽广的最大扭矩转速范围-爬坡能力强�自重最轻-仅215kg，较同类型柴油机低12%�升功率最大-43.2kW/L，较同类型柴油机高9-35%�匹配轻卡最高车速115km/h,较同类产品提高30%�加速时有明显推背感BFCEC 产品型号ISF2.8缸径 mm 949495.494.493行程 mm 100100104.9100102排量L 2.776 2.776 2.999 2.798 2.772燃烧系统电控共轨电控共轨电控泵电控共轨电控共轨额定功率kw 80-1201209693-10785转速r/min 3200-3600400034003600-38003600最大扭距N.m 360360280290-320280转速r/min 1400-18002000170018002200升功率kw/L 43.239.63238.430.7燃油耗率g/kw.h 205210215220排放水平欧3-5欧3、4欧3欧3、4欧3、4净质量kg215220240241JL WSH YWK 49305010015020025030035040045060010001400180022002600300034003800420046005000Engine Speed (rpm)T o r q u e (N m )LDT#1 120kW @ 3600rpm / 360Nm @ 1800rpm LDT#2 96kW @ 3600rpm / 280Nm @ 1400rpm LDT#3 80kW @ 3600rpm / 280Nm @ 1400rpm HDT#1 110kW @ 3200rpm / 360Nm @ 1800rpm HDT#2 96kW @ 3200rpm / 310Nm @ 1600rpmISF2.8 Ratings最宽广的最大扭矩转速范围-爬坡能力强澎湃动力全面节省可靠耐久清洁、低噪声�轻量化设计�集成化设计，更优化�四气门�高压共轨燃油系统�康明斯增压技术�康明斯燃烧开发技术�康明斯后处理技术�康明斯整车匹配优化技术�康明斯电控技术�数十种电控功能……燃油节省ISF3.8最低油耗195g/kW·h，标定点油耗220g/kW·h，比同类产品低5% ISF2.8最低油耗205g/kW·h，比同类产品低5%- 全面节省�模块化、集成化设计，结构简单，高可靠性，低故障率�链传动免维护（2.8）�超长保养间隔20,000km�气门间隙200，000km免维护�大修里程超过50万公里�最具竞争力的保修政策……维护保养节省ISF零部件标准化、通用化最优，部件种类仅为竞争对手的60%，并且高度的模块化，不但最大限度降低故障率，而且维护简单- 全面节省卓越的爬坡及加速性能高可靠性，超长保养间隔真正的50万公里级动力品牌保障，品质保障提高运输效率降低单位人力成本提高出勤率降低误工成本提高残值率降低车辆折旧成本- 全面节省澎湃动力全面节省可靠耐久清洁、低噪声步骤步骤11：发动机选型�产品及程序介绍�确定范围、时间及需求初步确定产品可得性步骤步骤1/21/21/2：：安装质量设计�联合确定项目的关键输出及时间表�联合确定项目的综合�确定定期的交流计划�根据需要使用康明斯应用工程工具�明晰发动机与车辆的接口要求�跟踪项目和工作中的问题步骤步骤2/22/22/2：：子系统的试验与验证�系统设计系统设计/FMEA /FMEA �子系统的接口�CAD CAD校核与服务接近性校核与服务接近性�系统及子系统的试验系统及子系统的试验 试验室试验室试验室 车辆车辆步骤步骤33：安装质量评审正式的安装评审�安装设计�试验数据和结果�问题分类及改进、解决�批量投产的许可步骤步骤44：产品质量核查Cummi n s Con最成熟的开发流程+最严谨的应用开发支持-可靠耐久36 圈高速耐久高速耐久试验试验�高温、高寒、高海拔等性能试验，同时整车可靠性试验累计达160万公里，可绕地球36圈�匹配MPX车顺利通过国家10万公里排放耐久性考核�匹配SCR系统发动机顺利通过国家1000小时排放耐久性考核�高海拔运营能力 2000m 以下不降功率 5200m 以下可顺利运行�低温启动能力-40ºC环境温度顺利启动高温试验地点：吐鲁番温度： 50℃高原试验地点：昆仑山口海拔：4767m-可靠耐久马勒公司连杆马勒和辉门公司活塞 Cummins霍尔塞特涡轮增压器Cummins弗列加燃油滤清器 上海臼井高压油管BOSCH公司高压油轨/喷油器BOSCH公司高压油泵供应商主要性能部件 ISF全部采用最高品质部件–康明斯供应链均由全球统一管理–所有零部件录入全球零件系统，并具备永久可追溯性–ISF主要性能零部件均由全球最知名零部件企业提供-可靠耐久�世界第一流的制造系统�世界最先进的机加工设备和装配系统�保证生产一致性，全部装配流程由机械手完成�康明斯最新一代的生产制造系统 NGMES �全封闭空调车间�ISO/TS16949认证可靠性由严格的生产质量控制得到保证-可靠耐久澎湃动力全面节省可靠耐久低噪声清洁、低噪声清洁、-清洁、低噪声�后置链传动（2.8）�后置齿轮室（3.8）�高强度缸体，底部加强板（3.8）�曲轴驱动机油泵�高压共轨燃油系统�康明斯燃烧开发技术�康明斯后处理技术(SCR，DOC)�康明斯电控技术……清洁、低噪声�低振动、低噪声（3.8：92dB（A）2.8：94dB(A)）较同类型柴油机低7%-驾乘更舒适背景介绍 Introduction产品结构及技术参数Product Specifications产品特点 Main Features产品优势 Advantages综合效益分析 Benefits to Customers问题回答 Q&A内容 Contents8. ISF按50万公里大修进行折旧，传统车型按平均25万公里 进行折旧。
noip2015普及组解题报告
1. 金币 (coin.cpp/c/pas)【问题描述】国王将金币作为工资，发放给忠诚的骑士。
第一天，骑士收到一枚金币；之后两天（第二天和第三天），每天收到两枚金币；之后三天（第四、五、六天），每天收到三枚金币；之后四天（第七、八、九、十天），每天收到四枚金币……；这种工资发放模式会一直这样延续下去：当连续N天每天收到N枚金币后，骑士会在之后的连续N+1天里，每天收到N+1枚金币。
请计算在前K天里，骑士一共获得了多少金币。
【输入格式】输入文件名为coin.in。
输入文件只有1行，包含一个正整数K，表示发放金币的天数。
【输出格式】输出文件名为coin.out。
输出文件只有1行，包含一个正整数，即骑士收到的金币数。
【样例输入】coin.in6【样例输出】coin.out14【输入输出样例1说明】骑士第一天收到一枚金币；第二天和第三天，每天收到两枚金币；第四、五、六天，每天收到三枚金币。
因此一共收到1+2+2+3+3+3=14 枚金币。
【数据范围】对于100%的数据，1 ≤K ≤10,000。
【题解】纯模拟，直接爆搜，考点就是 for 循环#include "stdio.h"#include "iostream"using namespace std;int main(){freopen("coin.in","r",stdin);freopen("coin.out","w",stdout);int n,i=1,ans=0;cin>>n;while(n){if(n>=i){n-=i;ans+=i*i;}else{ans+=i*n;n=0;}i++;}cout<<ans<<endl;return 0;}2.扫雷游戏（mine.cpp/c/pas）【问题描述】扫雷游戏是一款十分经典的单机小游戏。
2015年Atrust瘦客户机资料
零客户机介绍
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瘦客户机介绍
T50 瘦客户机
Atrust t50 是采用 Linux，特别为主从架构的运算环境而设计的瘦客户机。公司开发的 ACS (Atrust Client Setup) 软件也内含於系统中以协助用户有效管理 t50。t50 支援微软 RDP (远程桌面协议)，可 以连接多种提供RDP服务的操作系统以建立虚拟的 Windows 工作环境。此外，支援 RemoteFX，迈 一步强化 RDP 远程桌面的用户体验，t50 能提供远端用户丰富的、类似近端站台的运算效能，包含高 品质多媒体内容的递送。兼容RDP with RemoteFX 协议
VESA Mount Kit (W) 114 x (H) 6 x (D) 60 mm
零客户机介绍
M302零客户机特点 总拥有成本(TCO)低 添加一台客户机就像添加其他普通I/O外设一样简单，可以显著降低TCO。 超薄和静音设计 m302采用了超薄设计，只有约112克，可以使用 VESA 悬挂套件直接悬挂在屏幕後 方；且使用的是无风扇设计，所以可以帮助用户营造一个无噪音的工作环境。 扩展USB端口 m302有两个扩展的USB端口，可以连接其他USB外设。 即插即用 m302仅需要一套鼠标、键盘、显示器，再连接到主机，就可以建立起一套完整的工 作站，可以即刻使用。 易管理维护 因为所有的运算任务都在一台服务器上运行，所以在客户端上没有任何的软硬件问 题。用户管理、软件安装、系统管理和升级都可以在单一的服务器上完成。
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瘦客户机介绍
� T50瘦客户机特点：
� � � � � � � � � � 总拥有成本 (TCO) 低 新增站台就像新增输出输入装置一样简单，总拥有成本因此得以大幅缩减。 超薄静音设计 t50 仅重 168 公克。轻薄的造型，t50 可以使用 VESA 支架直接悬挂在屏幕後方。再加上 无风扇设计，t50 可帮助用户建立无噪音的工作环境。 点击即可进入视窗工作环境 t50使用远程桌面连线连接服务主机。只需点击远程桌面捷径就可开启视窗工作环境，使用 运算服务。 丰富的远端用户体验 支援 RemoteFX, t50 可提供远端用户丰富、高效、接近近端用户的运算体验。 维护管理轻松简易 由於运算主要在服务器端进行，客户端的软硬件问题大幅减少。所有用户管理、软件安装、 系统管理及升级都可在服务器端完成。
氨水储罐呼吸阀通气量计算的探讨
2361 呼吸阀结构及工作原理呼吸阀是储罐的一个重要安全附件，当罐内气体的压力超过呼吸阀的整定压力值时，压力阀顶开，真空阀仍处于关闭状态，罐内上部气体从罐内呼出，使罐内的压力不再继续增高；而当罐内气体的真空度超过储罐的设计真空度时，真空阀开，压力阀仍处于关闭状态，吸入新鲜惰性气体维持储罐内的压力平衡。
2 呼吸阀超压/真空工况计算原理2.1 超压/真空的原因在确定储罐超压或真空的可能原因时，应考虑以下因素：（1）由于液体从罐中最大流出速率而导致的正常吸入（液体转移效应）；（2）由于蒸汽空间温度的最大降低量（热效应）引起的蒸汽收缩或冷凝而导致的正常吸入；（3）因液体流入罐内最大速率而导致的正常呼气，以及由此产生的最大汽化量（液体转移效应）；（4）由于蒸汽空间温度的最大增加量（热效应）引起的膨胀和汽化而导致的正常呼气；（5）火灾暴露引起的紧急排放。
在确定总的正常吸气或呼气时，至少应考虑液体转移效应和热效应所导致的正常排气的组合。
2.2 进液和出液所需的流通能力（1）呼气在储罐蒸汽空间的实际压力和温度条件下，呼出的体积流量V op 应通过以下公式给出：V op =2×V pf （1）式中：V pf 是挥发性液体的最大体积填充率，单位为m 3/h。
（2）吸气吸气通风要求V ip （单位：m 3/h），应为储罐的最大规定液体排放量，应通过以下公式给出：V ip -V pe （2）式中：V pe 是液体排出的最大速率，单位为m 3/h。
3 因热呼气和热吸入所需的流通能力（1）热呼气计算热呼出量（即加热时的最大热流量）V ot ，用国际标准单位表示：m 3/h。
V ot =Y ×V 0.9tk ×R i （3）式中：Y 是纬度的一个因子（见表1）；V tk 为储罐容积，m 3；R i 是保温的降低因子（如果储罐无保温R i =1；如果储罐部分保温R i =R inp ；如果储罐全保温R i =R in ）；˗�������������������1����������1（4）式中：A TTS 是储罐总表面积（外壳和顶部），m 2；A inp 是储罐保温表面积，m 2。
高考数学专题复习-2.2函数的基本性质-高考真题练习(附答案)
2.2函数的基本性质考点一函数的单调性及最值1.(2016北京文,4,5分)下列函数中,在区间(-1,1)上为减函数的是()A.y=11−B.y=cosxC.y=ln(x+1)D.y=2-x答案D选项A中,y=11−=1-(t1)的图象是将y=-1的图象向右平移1个单位得到的,故y=11−在(-1,1)上为增函数,不符合题意;选项B中,y=cosx在(-1,0)上为增函数,在(0,1)上为减函数,不符合题意;选项C 中,y=ln(x+1)的图象是将y=lnx的图象向左平移1个单位得到的,故y=ln(x+1)在(-1,1)上为增函数,不符合题意;选项D符合题意.评析本题考查了基本函数的图象和性质以及图象的变换,属中档题.2.(2015课标Ⅱ文,12,5分)设函数f(x)=ln(1+|x|)-11+2,则使得f(x)>f(2x-1)成立的x的取值范围是(),1 B.-∞C.-13D.-∞∞答案A当x>0时,f(x)=ln(1+x)-11+2,∴f'(x)=11++2(1+2)2>0,∴f(x)在(0,+∞)上为增函数,∵f(-x)=f(x),∴f(x)为偶函数,由f(x)>f(2x-1)得f(|x|)>f(|2x-1|),∴|x|>|2x-1|,即3x2-4x+1<0,解得13<x<1,故选A.3.(2016浙江,7,5分)已知函数f(x)满足:f(x)≥|x|且f(x)≥2x,x∈R.()A.若f(a)≤|b|,则a≤bB.若f(a)≤2b,则a≤bC.若f(a)≥|b|,则a≥bD.若f(a)≥2b,则a≥b答案B依题意得f(a)≥2a,若f(a)≤2b,则2a≤f(a)≤2b,∴2a≤2b,又y=2x是R上的增函数,∴a≤b.故选B.4.(2020课标Ⅲ文,12,5分)已知函数f(x)=sinx+1sin,则()A.f(x)的最小值为2B.f(x)的图象关于y轴对称C.f(x)的图象关于直线x=π对称D.f(x)的图象关于直线x=π2对称答案D对于A,令sinx=t,t∈[-1,0)∪(0,1],则g(t)=t+1,当t∈(0,1]时,g(t)=t+1≥2,当且仅当t=1时,取“=”,故g(t)∈[2,+∞),又∵g(t)=-g(-t),∴g(t)为奇函数,∴g(t)的值域为(-∞,-2]∪[2,+∞),故A错误;对于B,由f(x)≠f(-x),知f(x)不是偶函数,故B错误;对于C,f(2π-x)=sin(2π-x)+1sin(2π-p=-sinx-1sin≠f(x),故C错误;对于D,f(π-x)=sin(π-x)+1sin(π-p=sinx+1sin=f(x),故f(x)的图象关于直线x=π2对称,故D正确.故选D.5.(2021全国甲文,4,5分)下列函数中是增函数的为()A.f(x)=-xB.f(x)3C.f(x)=x2D.f(x)=3答案D解题指导:排除法,利用基本初等函数的性质逐一判断四个选项.解析对于f(x)=-x,由正比例函数的性质可知,f(x)是减函数,故A不符合题意;对于f(x),由指数函数的单调性可知,f(x)是减函数,故B不符合题意;对于f(x)=x2,由二次函数的图象可知,f(x)在(-∞,0)上单调递减,在(0,+∞)上单调递增,故C不符合题意;对于f(x)=3=13,由幂函数的性质可知,f(x)在(-∞,+∞)上单调递增,故选D.方法总结:一次函数y=kx+b(k≠0)单调性的判断:若k>0,则函数在R上单调递增;若k<0,则函数在R上单调递减.指数函数y=a x(a>0且a≠1)单调性的判断:若a>1,则函数在R上单调递增;若0<a<1,则函数在R上单调递减.幂函数y=xα单调性的判断:若α>0,则函数在(0,+∞)上单调递增;若α<0,则函数在(0,+∞)上单调递减.6.(2021全国乙文,8,5分)下列函数中最小值为4的是()A.y=x2+2x+4B.y=|sin xC.y=2x+22-xD.y=ln x+4ln答案C解题指导:对于A,利用配方法或二次函数的单调性求最值,对于B,C,D,利用换元法转化为对勾函数进行判断.解析对于A,y=x2+2x+4=(x+1)2+3≥3,所以它的最小值为3,所以A不符合题意;对于B,设|sin x|=t,则0<t≤1,y=|sin x=+4,t∈(0,1],易知y=t+4在(0,1]上单调递减,故t=1时,y min=1+41=5,所以B不符合题意;对于C,令2x=t(t>0),则y=2x+22-x=t+4,t>0,易知y=t+4在(0,2)上单调递减,在(2,+∞)上单调递增,所以当t=2时,y取最小值,y min=2+42=4,故C符合题意;对于D,令ln x=t,t∈R且t≠0,则y=ln x+4ln=+4,显然t<0时,函数值小于0,不符合题意.故选C.7.(2020新高考Ⅰ,8,5分)若定义在R的奇函数f(x)在(-∞,0)单调递减,且f(2)=0,则满足xf(x-1)≥0的x的取值范围是() A.[-1,1]∪[3,+∞) B.[-3,-1]∪[0,1]C.[-1,0]∪[1,+∞)D.[-1,0]∪[1,3]答案D∵f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,∴f(x-1)的图象关于点(1,0)中心对称,又∵f(x)在(-∞,0)上单调递减,∴f(x-1)在(-∞,1)上单调递减,在(1,+∞)上也单调递减,且过(-1,0)和(3,0),f(x-1)的大致图象如图:当-1≤x≤0时,f(x-1)≤0,∴xf(x-1)≥0;当1≤x≤3时,f(x-1)≥0,∴xf(x-1)≥0.综上,满足xf(x-1)≥0的x的取值范围是[-1,0]∪[1,3].故选D.8.(2016北京文,10,5分)函数f(x)=t1(x≥2)的最大值为.答案2解析解法一:∵f'(x)=-1(t1)2,∴x≥2时,f'(x)<0恒成立,∴f(x)在[2,+∞)上单调递减,∴f(x)在[2,+∞)上的最大值为f(2)=2.解法二:∵f(x)=t1=t1+1t1=1+1t1,∴f(x)的图象是将y=1的图象向右平移1个单位,再向上平移1个单位得到的.∵y=1在[2,+∞)上单调递减,∴f(x)在[2,+∞)上单调递减,故f(x)在[2,+∞)上的最大值为f(2)=2.解法三:由题意可得f(x)=1+1t1.∵x≥2,∴x-1≥1,∴0<1t1≤1,∴1<1+1t1≤2,即1<t1≤2.故f(x)在[2,+∞)上的最大值为2.评析本题考查函数的最值,有多种解法,属中档题.9.(2015浙江文,12,6分)已知函数f(x)=2,x≤1,+6-6,x>1,则f(f(-2))=,f(x)的最小值是.答案-12;26-6解析f(-2)=(-2)2=4,f(f(-2))=f(4)=4+64-6=-12.当x≤1时,f(x)=x2≥0,当x>1时,f(x)=x+6-6≥26-6,当且仅当x=6时,等号成立,又26-6<0,所以f(x)min=26-6.考点二函数的奇偶性1.(2015北京文,3,5分)下列函数中为偶函数的是()A.y=x2sinxB.y=x2cosxC.y=|lnx|D.y=2-x答案B A中函数为奇函数,B中函数为偶函数,C与D中函数均为非奇非偶函数,故选B.2.(2014课标Ⅰ,理3,文5,5分)设函数f(x),g(x)的定义域都为R,且f(x)是奇函数,g(x)是偶函数,则下列结论中正确的是()A.f(x)g(x)是偶函数B.|f(x)|g(x)是奇函数C.f(x)|g(x)|是奇函数D.|f(x)g(x)|是奇函数答案C由题意可知f(-x)=-f(x),g(-x)=g(x),对于选项A,f(-x)·g(-x)=-f(x)·g(x),所以f(x)g(x)是奇函数,故A项错误;对于选项B,|f(-x)|g(-x)=|-f(x)|g(x)=|f(x)|g(x),所以|f(x)|g(x)是偶函数,故B 项错误;对于选项C,f(-x)|g(-x)|=-f(x)|g(x)|,所以f(x)|g(x)|是奇函数,故C项正确;对于选项D,|f(-x)g(-x)|=|-f(x)g(x)|=|f(x)g(x)|,所以|f(x)g(x)|是偶函数,故D项错误,选C.评析本题考查函数奇偶性的定义及其应用,考查学生的知识应用能力及逻辑推理论证能力,准确理解函数奇偶性的定义是解决本题的关键.3.(2011课标,理2,文3,5分)下列函数中,既是偶函数又在(0,+∞)单调递增的函数是()A.y=x3B.y=|x|+1C.y=-x2+1D.y=2-|x|答案B y=x3是奇函数,y=-x2+1和y=2-|x|在(0,+∞)上都是减函数,故选B.评析本题考查函数的奇偶性和单调性的判定,属容易题.4.(2021全国乙理,4,5分)设函数f(x)=1−1+,则下列函数中为奇函数的是()A.f(x-1)-1B.f(x-1)+1C.f(x+1)-1D.f(x+1)+1答案B解题指导:思路一:将函数f(x)的解析式分离常数,通过图象变换可得函数图象关于(0,0)对称,此函数即为奇函数;思路二:由函数f(x)的解析式,求出选项中的函数解析式,由函数奇偶性定义来判断.解析解法一:f(x)=-1+2r1,其图象的对称中心为(-1,-1),将y=f(x)的图象沿x轴向右平移1个单位,再沿y 轴向上平移1个单位可得函数f(x-1)+1的图象,关于(0,0)对称,所以函数f(x-1)+1是奇函数,故选B.解法二:选项A,f(x-1)-1=2-2,此函数为非奇非偶函数;选项B,f(x-1)+1=2,此函数为奇函数;选项C,f(x+1)-1=−2K2r2,此函数为非奇非偶函数;选项D,f(x+1)+1=2r2,此函数为非奇非偶函数,故选B.5.(2021全国甲理,12,5分)设函数f(x)的定义域为R,f(x+1)为奇函数,f(x+2)为偶函数,当x∈[1,2]时,f(x)=ax2+b.若f(0)+f(3)=6,则() A.-94 B.−32 C.74 D.52答案D解题指导:利用奇偶性得到f(x+2)=-f(x),将出现的自变量0,3,92对应的函数值转化为[1,2]内自变量对应的函数值,进而得到a,b以及.解析由题知o−+1)=−o+1),o−p=o+4),从而f(x+4)=-f(x+2),即f(x+2)=-f(x), o−+2)=o+2),即o−p=−o+2),所以6=f(0)+f(3)=-f(2)+[-f(1)]=-(4a+b)-(a+b)=-5a-2b,即5a+2b=-6.①又由题知f(x+1)为奇函数,x∈R,所以f(1)=0,即a+b=0.②由①②得=−2,从而f(x)=-2x2+2,x∈[1,2].所以=2=−==−=−(−2)×+2=52.故选D.一题多解因为f(x+1)与f(x+2)分别为奇函数和偶函数,所以函数f(x)的图象关于点(1,0)和直线x=2对称,且f(x)为周期函数,周期T=4,从而f(0)=-f(2),①f(3)=f(1)=0,②==−由①②结合f(0)+f(3)=6,知a=-2,b=2,所以=−(−2)×+2=52.6.(多选)(2022新高考Ⅰ,12,5分)已知函数f(x)及其导函数f'(x)的定义域均为R,记g(x)=f'(x).若2,g(2+x)均为偶函数,则() A.f(0)=0 B.g−C.f(-1)=f(4)D.g(-1)=g(2)答案BC解法一:若设f(x)=1,则g(x)=0,易知所设f(x)符合题意,此时f(0)=1,故选项A错误.设f(x)=sin(πx),则g(x)=f'(x)=πcos(πx),由于2=sin22π=-cos(2πx),g(2+x)=πcos[π(2+x)]=πcos(2π+πx)=πcos(πx),所以2,g(2+x)均为偶函数,则所设f(x)符合题意.于是g(-1)=πcos(-π)=-π≠g(2),故选项D错误.由于22是奇函数,即2是奇函数,则,注意到g(2+x)是偶函数,于是g−=2=−2=-g−32+22=2=2=2=,故选项B正确.由2=2,取x=54,则f(-1)=f(4),故选项C正确.故选BC.解法二:由题意知2=2⇔=⇔f(-x)=f(3+x)①,取x=1,知f(-1)=f(4),C正确.对①两边求导知-f'(-x)=f'(3+x)⇔f'(-x)=-f'(3+x),即g(-x)=-g(3+x)②,取x=-32,知.g(2+x)=g(2-x)⇔g(-x)=g(x+4)③,由②③知g(x+4)=-g(x+3),即g(x+1)=-g(x),所以g(x+2)=-g(x+1)=g(x).从而g−=2=,B正确.同解法一可判断A,D错误.故选BC.7.(2018课标Ⅲ文,16,5分)已知函数f(x)=ln(1+2-x)+1,f(a)=4,则f(-a)=.答案-2解析本题考查函数的奇偶性.易知f(x)的定义域为R,令g(x)=ln(1+2-x),则g(x)+g(-x)=0,∴g(x)为奇函数,∴f(a)+f(-a)=2,又f(a)=4,∴f(-a)=-2.解题关键观察出函数g(x)=ln(1+2-x)为奇函数.8.(2017课标Ⅱ文,14,5分)已知函数f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,当x∈(-∞,0)时,f(x)=2x3+x2,则f(2)=.答案12解析本题主要考查运用函数的奇偶性求函数值.由题意可知f(2)=-f(-2),∵x∈(-∞,0)时,f(x)=2x3+x2,∴f(2)=-f(-2)=-[2×(-8)+4]=-(-12)=12.9.(2016天津,13,5分)已知f(x)是定义在R上的偶函数,且在区间(-∞,0)上单调递增.若实数a满足f(2|a-1|)>f(-2),则a的取值范围是.答案解析由题意知函数f(x)在(0,+∞)上单调递减.因为f(2|a-1|)>f(-2),f(-2)=f(2),所以f(2|a-1|)>f(2),所以2|a-1|<212,解之得12<a<32.10.(2014课标Ⅱ文,15,5分)偶函数y=f(x)的图象关于直线x=2对称,f(3)=3,则f(-1)=.答案3解析∵函数y=f(x)的图象关于直线x=2对称,∴f(2+x)=f(2-x)对任意x恒成立,令x=1,得f(1)=f(3)=3,∴f(-1)=f(1)=3.11.(2012课标文,16,5分)设函数f(x)=(r1)2+sin2+1的最大值为M,最小值为m,则M+m=.答案2解析f(x)=2+1+2x+sin2+1=1+2rsin2+1,令g(x)=2rsin2+1,则g(x)为奇函数,有g(x)max+g(x)min=0,故M+m=2.12.(2021新高考Ⅰ,13,5分)已知函数f(x)=x3(a·2x-2-x)是偶函数,则a=.答案1解题指导:利用偶函数的定义,取定义域内的特殊值即可求出a的值.解析∵f(x)=x3(a·2x-2-x)为偶函数,∴f(1)=f(-1),∴2a-12=−−2,∴a=1.当a=1时,f(x)=x3(2x-2-x),定义域为R,且满足f(-x)=f(x),即f(x)为偶函数.一题多解y=x3和y=2x-2-x为奇函数,利用结论:奇函数×奇函数=偶函数,可快速判断出a=1.13.(2022全国乙文,16,5分)若f(x)=ln b是奇函数,则a=,b=.答案-12;ln2解析∵f(x)是奇函数,∴f(x)的定义域关于原点对称.由已知得x ≠1,∴x ≠-1,即当x =-1时,,∴a +12=0,∴a =-12,此时f (x )b ,∵f (x )为奇函数且在x =0处有意义,∴f (0)=0,即+=ln 12+b =0,∴b =-ln 12=ln 2.综上可知,a =-12,b =ln 2.考点三函数的周期性1.(2016山东,9,5分)已知函数f(x)的定义域为R.当x<0时,f(x)=x 3-1;当-1≤x≤1时,f(-x)=-f(x);当x>12时,ft 则f(6)=()A.-2B.-1C.0D.2答案D 当x>12时,由ft f(x)=f(x+1),所以f(6)=f(1),而f(1)=-f(-1),f(-1)=(-1)3-1=-2,所以f(6)=f(1)=2,故选D.2.(2021全国甲文,12,5分)设f (x )是定义域为R 的奇函数,且f (1+x )=f (-x ).若f −=13,则()A.-53B.−13C.13D.53答案C 解题指导:求出函数f (x )的周期再进行转化,即可求解.解析由f (1+x )=f (-x ),且f (x )是定义在R 上的奇函数,可得f (1+x )=f (-x )=-f (x ),所以f (2+x )=-f (1+x )=f (x ),所以f (x )的周期为2,则=2=−=13,故选C .知识延伸:若函数f (x )为奇函数,且满足f (a +x )=f (-x ),则f (x )图象的对称轴为直线x =2,周期为2a ;若函数f (x )为偶函数,且满足f (a +x )=f (-x ),则f (x )图象的对称轴为直线x =2,周期为a.3.(2022新高考Ⅱ,8,5分)已知函数f (x )的定义域为R,且f (x +y )+f (x -y )=f (x )f (y ),f (1)=1,则∑=221i f (k )=()A.-3B.-2C.0D.1答案A 令y =1,得f (x +1)+f (x -1)=f (x )①,故f (x +2)+f (x )=f (x +1)②.由①②得f (x +2)+f (x -1)=0,故f (x +2)=-f (x -1),所以f (x +3)=-f (x ),所以f (x +6)=-f (x +3)=f (x ),所以函数f (x )的周期为6.令x =1,y =0,得f (1)+f (1)=f (1)·f (0),故f (0)=2,同理,令x =1,y =1,得f (2)=-1;令x =2,y =1,得f (3)=-2;令x =3,y =1,得f (4)=-1;令x =4,y =1,得f (5)=1;令x =5,y =1,得f (6)=2.故f (1)+f (2)+f (3)+f (4)+f (5)+f (6)=0,所以∑=221i f (k )=f (1)+f (2)+f (3)+f (4)=-3.故选A .4.(2022全国乙理,12,5分)已知函数f (x ),g (x )的定义域均为R,且f (x )+g (2-x )=5,g (x )-f (x -4)=7.若y =g (x )的图象关于直线x =2对称,g (2)=4,则∑=221i f (k )=()A.-21B.-22C.-23D.-24答案D 由y =g (x )的图象关于直线x =2对称,得g (2+x )=g (2-x ),故g (x )=g (4-x ),由g (x )-f (x -4)=7,得g (2+x )-f (x -2)=7①,又f (x )+g (2-x )=5②,所以由②-①,得f (x )+f (x -2)=-2③,则f (x +2)+f (x )=-2④,所以由④-③,得f (x +2)=f (x -2),即f (x +4)=f (x ),所以函数f (x )是以4为周期的周期函数.对于④,分别令x =1,2,得f (1)+f (3)=-2,f (2)+f (4)=-2,则f (1)+f (2)+f (3)+f (4)=-4.对于①,令x =-1,得g (1)-f (-3)=7,则g (1)-f (1)=7⑦,对于②,令x =1,得f (1)+g (1)=5⑧,由⑦⑧,得f (1)=-1.对于②,令x =0,得f (0)+g (2)=5,又g (2)=4,所以f (0)=1.对于③,令x =2,得f (2)+f (0)=-2,所以f (2)=-3.则∑=221i op =5×(-4)+f (1)+f (2)=-20+(-1)+(-3)=-24.故选D .5.(2016四川,14,5分)已知函数f(x)是定义在R 上的周期为2的奇函数,当0<x<1时,f(x)=4x,则f +f(1)=.答案-2解析∵f(x)是定义在R 上的奇函数,∴f(x)=-f(-x),又∵f(x)的周期为2,∴f(x+2)=f(x),∴f(x+2)=-f(-x),即f(x+2)+f(-x)=0,令x=-1,得f(1)+f(1)=0,∴f(1)=0.又∵f-412=-2.∴f-6.(2017山东文,14,5分)已知f(x)是定义在R上的偶函数,且f(x+4)=f(x-2).若当x∈[-3,0]时,f(x)=6-x,则f(919)=.答案6解析本题考查函数的奇偶性与周期性.由f(x+4)=f(x-2)得f(x+6)=f(x),故f(x)是周期为6的函数.所以f(919)=f(6×153+1)=f(1).因为f(x)为R上的偶函数,所以f(1)=f(-1).又x∈[-3,0]时,f(x)=6-x,所以f(-1)=6-(-1)=6.从而f(1)=6,故f(919)=6.方法小结函数周期性的判断:一般地,若f(x+T)=f(x),则T为函数的一个周期;若f(x+T)=-f(x),则2T为函数的一个周期;若f(x+T)=1op(f(x)≠0),则2T为函数的一个周期.7.(2014安徽文,14,5分)若函数f(x)(x∈R)是周期为4的奇函数,且在[0,2]上的解析式为f(x)=o1-p,0≤x≤1,sinπs1<≤2,则.答案516解析依题意得8=f=-34×14=-316,f8=-sin7π6=sinπ6=12,因此=-316+12=516.。
NuAire NU-540 Class II Type A2 Biological Safety C
NU-540CLASS II TYPE A2BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETDESIGNED BY YOU. DESIGNED FOR YOUR APPLICATION.NuAire, Inc. | 2100 Fernbrook Lane | Plymouth, MN 55447 | U.S.A. | NU-540CLASS II TYPE A2BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETSustainabilityAt NuAire we continually strive to improve our responsibilities to the economy, environment, social communications, and our customer satisfaction. Our commitment extends to purchasing or using products that reduce energy consumption, reduce environmental impact, minimize pollution and make use of recycled content that will not deplete natural resources.We continually use more recycled materials in our cabinets through both design and supplier parts and process improve-ments. The following chart represents our current level of sustainability for Biological Safety Cabinets.General Cabinet % Content by Weight % of Recycled Material % RecyclableComponent Description used in ManufacturingStainless Steel 75% 80% 100%Mild Steel 10% 10% 100%Copper 2% 0% 100%Aluminum 2% 50% 100%Glass 3% 0% 100%Electronics 1% 0% 25%Filter Media 1% 0% 0%Misc. Plastic Parts 1% 0% 0%Packing Materials 5% 60% 95%100% BSC 65% 97%10.25” (6.35 mm) 0.5” (12.7 mm)- ADA Compliant- More usable work area- Shorter reach into work zone - Recessed air foil- Recessed work zone - More knee room- Ability to sit or stand at a range of heights - 21” (533 mm) frame-less edge window sash improves vision/sight lines into work zoneErgonomic DesignNuAire designs equipment that accommodates advancement for: improved safety conditions; improved productivity;improved quality and reliability; and reduction of arm, shoulder, and neck strain contributing to common work place injuries.NU-540CLASS II TYPE A2BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET3[ Larger Work Area ][ Recessed airfoil grill and elbow rest accessory ][B] [A][D] [C][B][C][D][A][B]Air SplitabGard B iosafety C abinet t o b eperformed at the front or top of the cabinet.10ModelWidth Size(nominal)Electrical (all sizes)SpecificationsThe LabGard ES is a Class I I Type A2 Biological Safety Cabinet or connected to a facility HVAC system. The cabinet’s airflow is 30% exhausted / 70% recirculated to minimize cross-contamination of low to moderate risk biologicals in the absence of volatile toxic chemicals. NU-540 CLASS II TYPE A2 BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETCOIncubators2。
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Tryptic Soy Agar + LTHC 90 mm 单包装 settle 板 产品说明书
Technical Data SheetTryptic Soy Agar + LTHC – LIOrdering number: 1.46015.0020 / 1.46015.0120Tryptic Soy Agar + LTHC - LI in 90 mm settle plates is designed for the determination ofthe total aerobic microbial count of preservative-containing samples or for efficacy testsof disinfectants.Ten settle plates each with a diameter of 90 mm are single-bagged in transparent,hydrogen peroxide impermeable sleeves (non-irradiated). The sleeves consist ofpolypropylene with a barrier of PE-EVOH-PE.•The formulation of the basic medium (Soybean-Casein Digest Agar) is preparedaccording to the recommendations of the current European, Japanese and UnitedStates Pharmacopoeia (EP, 2.6.13.; JP, 4.05 and USP, 62) and supplemented withNeutralizersMode of ActionTryptic Soy Agar (TSA, Soybean Casein Digest Agar) is a complex medium for cultivation and isolation of a wide range of bacteria, yeasts and molds. For neutralization of disinfectants or preservatives the medium is supplemented with large amounts of lecithin, polysorbate (Tween®) 80, histidine and cysteine. The neutralizing efficacy towards disinfectants or preservatives in use should be validated at the application site.Typical CompositionIngredient Amount per literCasein Peptone 15 g/lSoy Peptone 5 g/lNaCl 5 g/lPolysorbate (Tween®) 80 30 ml/lLecithin 3 g/lCysteine 1 g/lAgar 15 g/lThe appearance of the medium is yellowish, slightly turbid, possibly with drops of neutralizers on the surface. The pH value is in the range of 7.1-7.5. The medium can be adjusted and/or supplemented according to the performance criteria required.Lit. No. MK_ TN1215EN00 Page 1 of 3Merck, the vibrant M, Sigma-Aldrich, Millipore are trademarks ofMerck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible resources .© 2019 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.Lit. No. MK_TN1215EN00 Page 2 of 3Application and InterpretationEach plate is provided with a label including a data matrix code for paperless plate identification. The code consists of a two-dimensional 20-digit serial number, which harbors the following information: digits 1-3: here code 790 (corresponds to article 146015); digits 4-9: lot number; digits 10-14: batch specific individual number; digits 15-20: expiration date (YY/MM/DD).Please check each agar plate before using it on sterility and pay attention to aseptic handling in order to avoid false positive results.Several recommendations are given by different guidelines for incubation: according to USP <1116> the plates should be incubated between 20 and 35 °C for not less than 72 hours. According to the FDA Aseptic Guide the plates for determination of the total aerobic bacterial count should be incubated at 30 to 35 °C for 48 to 72 hours, while the plates for determination of the total yeast and mold count should be incubated at 20 to 25 °C for 5 to 7 days. Individual incubation conditions can be chosen and should be validated at the application side. Finally the number of CFU per plate is examined. Grown colonies are recommended to be identified. e.Storage and Shelf LifeThe product can be used for sampling until the expiry date if stored upright, protected from light and properly sealed at +15 °C to +25 °C.Condensation can be prevented by avoiding quick temperature shifts and mechanical stress.The testing procedures as described on the CoA can be started up to the expiry date printed on the label. DisposalPlease mind the respective regulations for the disposal of used culture medium (e.g. autoclave for 20 min at 121 °C, disinfect, incinerate etc.). Quality Control Control Strains ATCC # Inoculum CFU IncubationExpected Result Recovery in % Staphylococcus aureus 6538 10-100 20-24 h at 30-35 °C 50-200 Escherichia coli8739 10-100 20-24 h at 30-35 °C 50-200 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027 10-100 20-24 h at 30-35 °C 50-200 Bacillus subtilis 6633 10-100 20-24 h at 30-35 °C 50-200 Candida albicans1023110-10020-24 h at 30-35 °C 50-200 44-48 h at 20-25 °C 50-200 Aspergillus brasiliensis 16404 10-10044-48 h at 30-35 °C 50-200 % 70-74 h at 20-25 °C50-200Please refer to the actual batch related Certificate of Analyses.Merck, the vibrant M, Sigma-Aldrich, Millipore are trademarks ofMerck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible resources .© 2019 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.Lit. No. MK_TN1215EN00 Page 3 of 3LiteratureEU GMP Medicinal Products for Human and Veterinary use (2008): Annex1 Manufacture of Sterile Medicinal Products.European Pharmacopoeia 8.0 (2014): 2.6.12. Microbial examination of non-sterile products (total viable aerobic count); 2.6.13. Microbiological examination of non-sterile products (test for specified micro-organisms).Guidance for Industry (2004): Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing - Current Good Manufacturing Practice.ISO 14698-1 (2003): Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments - Biocontamination control - Part 1: General principles and methods.ISO 21148 (2005): Cosmetics - Microbiology - General instructions for microbiological examinationISO 21149 (2005): Cosmetics - Microbiology - Enumeration and detection of aerobic mesophilic bacteriaJapanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition (2011): 4.05 Microbial Limit Test.United States Pharmacopoeia 38 NF 33 (2015): <61> Microbiological Examination of Non-Sterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests; <62> Microbiological Examination of Non-Sterile Products: Test for Specified Microorganisms; <1116> Microbiological Control and Monitoring of Aseptic Processing Environments.We provide information and advice to our customers on application technologies and regulatory matters to the best of our knowledge and liability, but without obligation or liability. Existing laws and regulations are to be observed in all cases by our customers. This also applies in respect to any right of third parties. Our information and advice do not relieve our customers of their own responsibility for checking thesuitability of our products for the envisaged purpose.。
annex 15 Qualification and Validation_en
EUROPEAN COMMISSIONENTERPRISE DIRECTORATE-GENERALSingle market, regulatory environment, industries under vertical legislationPharmaceuticals and cosmeticsBrussels, July 2001Working Party on Control of Medicines and InspectionsFinal Version of Annex 15 to the EU Guide toGood Manufacturing PracticeTitle: Qualification and validation.First discussion in drafting groupDiscussion at the working Party on Control of Medicines and16 September 1999Inspection for release for consultationPharmaceutical Committee28 September 1999Released for consultation30 October 1999Deadline for comments28 February 2000 Final approval by Inspector’s working party December 2000Pharmaceutical Committee (for information)April 2001 Date for coming into operation September 2001Note that this document is based in the PICS/S recommendations2 Table of ContentsPage1. Qualification and Validation32. Planning for Validation43. Documentation44. Qualification55. Processs Validation.66. Cleaning Validation77. Change Control88. Revalidation99. Glossary 10QUALIFICATION AND VALIDATIONPrinciple1.This Annex describes the principles of qualification and validation which areapplicable to the manufacture of medicinal products. It is a requirement ofGMP that manufacturers identify what validation work is needed to provecontrol of the critical aspects of their particular operations. Significantchanges to the facilities, the equipment and the processes, which may affectthe quality of the product, should be validated. A risk assessment approachshould be used to determine the scope and extent of validation.PLANNING FOR VALIDATION2.All validation activities should be planned. The key elements of a validationprogramme should be clearly defined and documented in a validation masterplan (VMP) or equivalent documents.3.The VMP should be a summary document which is brief, concise and clear.4.The VMP should contain data on at least the following:(a)validation policy;(b)organisational structure of validation activities;(c)summary of facilities, systems, equipment and processes to be validated;(d)documentation format: the format to be used for protocols and reports;(e)planning and scheduling;(f)change control;(g)reference to existing documents.5.In case of large projects, it may be necessary to create separate validationmaster plans.DOCUMENTATION6. A written protocol should be established that specifies how qualification andvalidation will be conducted. The protocol should be reviewed and approved.The protocol should specify critical steps and acceptance criteria.7. A report that cross-references the qualification and/or validation protocolshould be prepared, summarising the results obtained, commenting on anydeviations observed, and drawing the necessary conclusions, including rec-ommending changes necessary to correct deficiencies. Any changes to theplan as defined in the protocol should be documented with appropriate justi-fication.8.After completion of a satisfactory qualification, a formal release for the nextstep in qualification and validation should be made as a written authorisation.QUALIFICATIONDesign qualification9.The first element of the validation of new facilities, systems or equipmentcould be design qualification (DQ).10.The compliance of the design with GMP should be demonstrated anddocumented.Installation qualification11. Installation qualification (IQ) should be performed on new or modifiedfacilities, systems and equipment.12. IQ should include, but not be limited to the following:(a)installation of equipment, piping, services and instrumentation checked tocurrent engineering drawings and specifications;(b)collection and collation of supplier operating and working instructions andmaintenance requirements;(c)calibration requirements;(d)verification of materials of construction.Operational qualification13. Operational qualification (OQ) should follow Installation qualification.14. OQ should include, but not be limited to the following:(a)tests that have been developed from knowledge of processes, systems andequipment;(b)tests to include a condition or a set of conditions encompassing upper andlower operating limits, sometimes referred to as “worst case” conditions.15.The completion of a successful Operational qualification should allow thefinalisation of calibration, operating and cleaning procedures, operatortraining and preventative maintenance requirements. It should permit aformal "release" of the facilities, systems and equipment.Performance qualification16. Performance qualification (PQ) should follow successful completion ofInstallation qualification and Operational qualification.17. PQ should include, but not be limited to the following:(a)tests, using production materials, qualified substitutes or simulated product,that have been developed from knowledge of the process and the facilities,systems or equipment;(b)tests to include a condition or set of conditions encompassing upper andlower operating limits.18. Although PQ is described as a separate activity, it may in some cases beappropriate to perform it in conjunction with OQ.Qualification of established (in-use) facilities, systems and equipment19. Evidence should be available to support and verify the operating parametersand limits for the critical variables of the operating equipment. Additionally,the calibration, cleaning, preventative maintenance, operating procedures andoperator training procedures and records should be documented.PROCESS VALIDATIONGeneral20. The requirements and principles outlined in this chapter are applicable to themanufacture of pharmaceutical dosage forms. They cover the initialvalidation of new processes, subsequent validation of modified processes andre-validation.21. Process validation should normally be completed prior to the distributionand sale of the medicinal product (prospective validation). In exceptionalcircumstances, where this is not possible, it may be necessary to validateprocesses during routine production (concurrent validation). Processes inuse for some time should also be validated (retrospective validation).22. Facilities, systems and equipment to be used should have been qualified andanalytical testing methods should be validated. Staff taking part in the vali-dation work should have been appropriately trained.23. Facilities, systems, equipment and processes should be periodically evalu-ated to verify that they are still operating in a valid manner.Prospective validation24. Prospective validation should include, but not be limited to the following:(a)short description of the process;(b)summary of the critical processing steps to be investigated;(c)list of the equipment/facilities to be used (including measur-ing/monitoring/recording equipment) together with its calibration status(d)finished product specifications for release;(e)list of analytical methods, as appropriate;(f)proposed in-process controls with acceptance criteria;(g)additional testing to be carried out, with acceptance criteria and analyticalvalidation, as appropriate;(h)sampling plan;(i)methods for recording and evaluating results(j)functions and responsibilities;(k)proposed timetable.25. Using this defined process (including specified components) a series ofbatches of the final product may be produced under routine conditions. Intheory the number of process runs carried out and observations made shouldbe sufficient to allow the normal extent of variation and trends to be estab-lished and to provide sufficient data for evaluation. It is generally consid-ered acceptable that three consecutive batches/runs within the finally agreedparameters, would constitute a validation of the process.26. Batches made for process validation should be the same size as the intendedindustrial scale batches.27. If it is intended that validation batches be sold or supplied, the conditionsunder which they are produced should comply fully with the requirements ofGood Manufacturing Practice, including the satisfactory outcome of the vali-dation exercise, and with the marketing authorisation.Concurrent validation28. In exceptional circumstances it may be acceptable not to complete a valida-tion programme before routine production starts.29. The decision to carry out concurrent validation must be justified, docu-mented and approved by authorised personnel.30. Documentation requirements for concurrent validation are the same asspecified for prospective validation.Retrospective validation31. Retrospective validation is only acceptable for well-established processesand will be inappropriate where there have been recent changes in the com-position of the product, operating procedures or equipment.32. Validation of such processes should be based on historical data. The stepsinvolved require the preparation of a specific protocol and the reporting ofthe results of the data review, leading to a conclusion and a recommendation.33. The source of data for this validation should include, but not be limited tobatch processing and packaging records, process control charts, maintenancelog books, records of personnel changes, process capability studies, finishedproduct data, including trend cards and storage stability results.34. Batches selected for retrospective validation should be representative of allbatches made during the review period, including any batches that failed tomeet specifications, and should be sufficient in number to demonstrate proc-ess consistency. Additional testing of retained samples may be needed toobtain the necessary amount or type of data to retrospectively validate theprocess.35. For retrospective validation, generally data from ten to thirty consecutivebatches should be examined to assess process consistency, but fewer batchesmay be examined if justified.CLEANING VALIDATION36. Cleaning validation should be performed in order to confirm the effective-ness of a cleaning procedure. The rationale for selecting limits of carry overof product residues, cleaning agents and microbial contamination should belogically based on the materials involved. The limits should be achievableand verifiable.37. Validated analytical methods having sensitivity to detect residues or con-taminants should be used. The detection limit for each analytical methodshould be sufficiently sensitive to detect the established acceptable level ofthe residue or contaminant.38. Normally only cleaning procedures for product contact surfaces of theequipment need to be validated. Consideration should be given to non-contact parts. The intervals between use and cleaning as well as cleaning andreuse should be validated. Cleaning intervals and methods should be deter-mined.39. For cleaning procedures for products and processes which are similar, it isconsidered acceptable to select a representative range of similar products andprocesses. A single validation study utilising a “worst case” approach canbe carried out which takes account of the critical issues.40. Typically three consecutive applications of the cleaning procedure should beperformed and shown to be successful in order to prove that the method isvalidated.41. "Test until clean". is not considered an appropriate alternative to cleaningvalidation.42. Products which simulate the physicochemical properties of the substances tobe removed may exceptionally be used instead of the substances themselves,where such substances are either toxic or hazardous.CHANGE CONTROL43. Written procedures should be in place to describe the actions to be taken if achange is proposed to a starting material, product component, processequipment, process environment (or site), method of production or testing orany other change that may affect product quality or reproducibility of theprocess. Change control procedures should ensure that sufficient supportingdata are generated to demonstrate that the revised process will result in aproduct of the desired quality, consistent with the approved specifications.44. All changes that may affect product quality or reproducibility of the processshould be formally requested, documented and accepted. The likely impactof the change of facilities, systems and equipment on the product should beevaluated, including risk analysis. The need for, and the extent of, re-qualification and re-validation should be determined.REVALIDATION45. Facilities, systems, equipment and processes, including cleaning, should beperiodically evaluated to confirm that they remain valid. Where no signifi-cant changes have been made to the validated status, a review with evidencethat facilities, systems, equipment and processes meet the prescribed re-quirements fulfils the need for revalidation.GLOSSARYDefinitions of terms relating to qualification and validation which are not given in the glossary of the current EC Guide to GMP, but which are used in this Annex, are given below.Change ControlA formal system by which qualified representatives of appropriate disciplines review proposed or actual changes that might affect the validated status of facilities, systems, equipment or processes. The intent is to determine the need for action that would en-sure and document that the system is maintained in a validated state.Cleaning ValidationCleaning validation is documented evidence that an approved cleaning procedure will provide equipment which is suitable for processing medicinal products.Concurrent ValidationValidation carried out during routine production of products intended for sale.Design qualification (DQ)The documented verification that the proposed design of the facilities, systems and equipment is suitable for the intended purpose.Installation Qualification (IQ)The documented verification that the facilities, systems and equipment, as installed or modified, comply with the approved design and the manufacturer’s recommendations. Operational Qualification (OQ)The documented verification that the facilities, systems and equipment, as installed or modified, perform as intended throughout the anticipated operating ranges. Performance Qualification (PQ)The documented verification that the facilities, systems and equipment, as connected together, can perform effectively and reproducibly, based on the approved process method and product specification.Process ValidationThe documented evidence that the process, operated within established parameters, can perform effectively and reproducibly to produce a medicinal product meeting its prede-termined specifications and quality attributes.11 Prospective ValidationValidation carried out before routine production of products intended for sale. Retrospective ValidationValidation of a process for a product which has been marketed based upon accumulated manufacturing, testing and control batch data.Re-ValidationA repeat of the process validation to provide an assurance that changes in the proc-ess/equipment introduced in accordance with change control procedures do not ad-versely affect process characteristics and product quality.Risk analysisMethod to assess and characterise the critical parameters in the functionality of an equipment or process..Simulated ProductA material that closely approximates the physical and, where practical, the chemical characteristics (e.g. viscosity, particle size, pH etc.) of the product under validation. In many cases, these characteristics may be satisfied by a placebo product batch.SystemA group of equipment with a common purpose.Worst CaseA condition or set of conditions encompassing upper and lower processing limits and circumstances, within standard operating procedures, which pose the greatest chance of product or process failure when compared to ideal conditions. Such conditions do not necessarily induce product or process failure.-------------。
中国药典2015年版8002试液-DrugFuture
中国药典2015年版8002试液〔C18H…N3 N a O',S=375.38〕本品为黄色粉末。
在水或乙醇中溶解。
请胺S u l f a n i l a m i deC C6H8N2(〕2S=172.21〕本品为白色叶状或针状结晶或粉末。
在沸水、乙醇、丙酮、甘油、盐酸或苛性碱溶液中溶解，在水中微溶，在三氯甲烷、乙醚或苯中不溶.确基丁二酸纳二辛酿D i octy l S o d i um S u l fosucc i n a t eC C20H37NaO7S=444. 57〕本品为白色蜡样固体。
在水、甲醇、丙酮、苯或四氣化碳中溶解，在碱性溶液中易水解。
磺基水杨酸S u l fos a l i cy l i c Ac i dCC7H606S*2H20=254.22〕本品为白色结晶或结晶性粉末；遇微量铁时即变粉红色，髙温时分解成酚或水杨酸。
在水或乙醇中易溶，在乙醚中溶解。
凝血酿（F l a)T hromb i n本品为白色冻干块状物。
由牛血浆或人血浆提取纯化得到。
碟鹤酸P hosphotungst i c Ac i dC P2O s•2O W O3•28H20=5283.34〕本品为白色或淡黄色结晶。
在水、乙醇或乙醚中溶解。
碟钥酸P hosphomo l yb d i c Ac i dCP2O5•2O M0O3•51H20=3939‘49〕本品为鲜黄色结晶。
在水、乙醇或乙醚中溶解。
播酸P hosphor i c Ac i d〔H3P04=98.00〕本品为无色透明的黏稠状液体，有腐蚀性。
在水中溶解。
磷酸二氢钠S o d i um D i hy d rog e n P hosph a t eC N a H2P04•H20=137.99〕本品为白色结晶或颗粒。
在水中易溶，在乙醇中几乎不溶。
磷酸二氢钾P ot a ss i um D i hy d rog e n P hosph a t eC KH2P04=136.093本品为白色结晶或结晶性粉末。
pumpkins testing report for 2015
Authorized by: For Intertek Testing Services Shenzhen Ltd.Ben N.L. Lin General Manager *SZHJ937346*Applicant: FOAMTECH CHEMICAL CO., LTD Date: Feb 12, 2015NO.2 YINSHAN ROAD,LIANGJING TOWN, HUIYANG DISTRICT,HUIZHOU CITY, GUANGDONG PROVINCE,CHINA 516265 Attn: JANE ZENG Sample Description: One (1) submitted sample said to be : Item Name : Orange Artificial Carvable Pumpkin,万圣节工艺品南瓜.Style No. : FK10009 (#009). Colour : Orange. End Uses : 装饰,工艺品.Category : Halloween/Fall. Age Grading for Testing : 青少年,成人.Vendor : Foamtech/Fun-Kins Ltd. Buyer : Hobby Lobby Store Inc. Country of Destination : USA. Country of Origin : China. Date Sample Received : Feb 09, 2015. ************************************************************************************************************************************** Tests conducted: As requested by the applicant, refer to attached page(s) for details. ************************************************************************************************************************************** To be continuedAuthorized by: For Intertek Testing Services Shenzhen Ltd.Ben N.L. Lin General Manager *SZHJ937346*Conclusion: Tested Samples Standard Result Tested components of submitted sample U.S. CFR Title 16 Part 1303 total Lead content Pass U.S. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act 2008Title I, Section 101 for total Lead content in surface coating Pass U.S. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act 2008Title I, Section 101 for Total Lead content in Non-surface coating materials (substrate) Pass US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act 2008 Title I, Sec 108 requirement on phthalate Pass *********************************************************************************************************************************Tests Conducted *SZHJ937346*1 Total Lead (Pb) ContentAs per Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Lead (Pb) in paint and other similar surface coatings, test method CPSC-CH-E1003-09.1 was used and total Lead content was determined by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Spectrometry. Tested Component Result (%) Limit (%)Tested components : See component list in the last section of this report 2 Total Lead (Pb) Content in Surface CoatingAs per Standard Operating Procedure for Determining Lead (Pb) in paint and other similar surface coatings, test method CPSC-CH-E1003-09.1 was used and total Lead content was determined by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Spectrometry. Tested Component Result (ppm) Limit (ppm)ppm = parts per millionTested components : See component list in the last section of this report 3 Total Lead (Pb) Content in Non-Surface Coating Materials (Substrate) As per Standard Operating Procedures for Determining total Lead (Pb) in children’s products, test methods CPSC-CH-E1002-08.3 and/or CPSC-CH-E1001-08.3 were used and total Lead content was determined by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Spectrometry. Tested Component Result (ppm) Limit (ppm) (3) <10 100ppm = parts per million = mg/kg Tested component : See component list in the last section of this report *********************************************************************************************************************************Tests Conducted *SZHJ937346*4 Phthalate ContentAs per CPSC-CH-C1001-09.3, by Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Result (%) Limit (%) (1)to(3) Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) <0.01 0.1 Di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) <0.01 0.1 Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) <0.01 0.1 Result (%) Limit (%) (1)to(3) Di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP) 0.1 Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) <0.01 0.1 Di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP) <0.01 0.1The above limit was quoted according to US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act 2008 for prohibition on sale of certain products containing specified phthalates. Tested components : See component list in the last section of this report *********************************************************************************************************************************Component list : (1) Orange coating on foam (pumpkin). (2) Coatings (chocolate, khaki) with orange base on foam (peduncle). (3) Beige foam excluding coatings (pumpkin). *********************************************************************************************************************************End of reportThis report is made solely on the basis of your instructions and/or information and materials supplied by you. It is not intended to be a recommendation for any particular course of action. Intertek does not accept a duty of care or any other responsibility to any person other than the Client in respect of this report and only accepts liability to the Client insofar as is expressly contained in the terms and conditions governing Intertek's provision of services to you. Intertek makes no warranties or representations either express or implied with respect to this report save as provided for in those terms and conditions. We have aimed to conduct the Review on a diligent and careful basis and we do not accept any liability to you for any loss arising out of or in connection with this report, in contract, tort, by statute or otherwise, except in the event of our gross negligence or wilful misconduct.。
Packaging
专利名称：Packaging发明人：Stanley Milton Silver 申请号：US05/234105申请日：19720313公开号：US04046308A公开日：19770906专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：A blank which is capable of producing a tube of moisture- resistant material which may be end sealed to form a package. The blank comprises a substratum of card or the like with a delaminable sheeting thereon. The blank has fold lines defining opposable body walls and at least one end closure panel. Flange panels are defined with extensions and allow the formation of a sealable fin. Apparatus and method are provided for side seaming such a blank with outfolding of panels to fuse the sheeting into a tube and delaminate the sheeting from the substratum. Apparatus and method are also provided for end sealing such a tube, with provision for outfolding of gussets and fusion and delamination of the sheeting to provide an end membrane delaminated from the substratum.申请人：PAXALL, INC.代理机构：Fitch, Even, Tabin & Luedeka更多信息请下载全文后查看。
Coupling
专利名称：Coupling发明人：依光 俊幸申请号：JP2005006828申请日：20050822公开号：JP3116006U公开日：20051124专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：< Topic > To assure the simplification of joint job of the guard rail and the like,without increasing number of articles, because of this, can be possible, make application cost low the coupling which is offered.Solutions Coupling 10, the 1st terminal area the 2nd terminal area the sphere which the mediating/helping equipment is done (or thecylindrical body) to have with 14 between 13 where the destal of 12 where the destal of the guard rail is jointed and the guard rail is jointed and both terminal area 12,13, the time dynamic section 17 which as for sphere 14, touching mutually in the split aspect and sphere forms, to the opening of hemispherical body 16a from the said opening projects being formed, time dynamic section 17 relative time motion possibly to fit hemispherical body 16a and 16b which are split into two by the opening of hemispherical body 16b,1stTerminal area 12, is locked to hemispherical body 16b together, in hemispherical body 16a in axial direction of time dynamic section 17 is a stopping state, but it is revolution possible in the circumferential direction which centers the axis, 2nd terminal area 13, is locked by hemispherical body 16a, in hemispherical body 16b stops in axial direction of time dynamic section 17 and it is revolution possible.< Choice figure > Drawing 2申请人：ナスエンジニアリング株式会社地址：東京都中央区築地２丁目１１番２４号国籍：JP代理人：小栗 昌平,本多 弘徳,市川 利光,高松 猛,濱田 百合子,添田 全一更多信息请下载全文后查看。
Skiing shoes
专利名称：Skiing shoes发明人：津上 慶次申请号：JP実願平6-14519申请日：19941124公开号：JP第3011526号U公开日：19950530专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：(57)< Abstract > < Objective > As for this device, in regard to the skiing shoes,rim of the skiing shoesLosing the projection of empty leaning forward angularadjustment feature, in the edge and the likeThe skiing shoes which prevent the damage and the like of the leaning forward angular adjustment feature which depends stoppingItdesignates that it offers as purpose. < Constitution > As for the device which relates to claim 1, the shell itself and particularThrough the concatenated section to the both sides section of the shell itself, tilt possibly you take, attachingThe ku drum section and in the front part of the outer shell which consists of the restraint equipmentRegarding to the skiing shoes which install the position, in the upper part of the above-mentioned concatenated section shieThe upper concatenated section which concatenates ru itself and with the drum section the other way providing, particularThe upper concatenated section was made displacement possible to front and back direction of the outer shellThing is featured.申请人：ダイワ精工株式会社地址：東京都東久留米市前沢3丁目14番16号国籍：JP代理人：古谷 史旺 (外1名)更多信息请下载全文后查看。
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八大钢企2015年铁矿石自给率超40%
发布时间：2012年3月12日来源：中国钢铁工业协会网
2011年以来，钢铁行业整体陷入低迷态势，成本上升幅度大于收入幅度是导致钢企毛利润下滑，甚至出现亏损的重要原因之一。
而诸多生产成本中，又以铁矿石价格最具影响力，近几年国际铁矿石价格的大幅上涨使得进口铁矿石这一项就占到总成本的50%左右，国内钢企也一直在努力掌控铁矿石价格话语权。
可喜的是，作为全球最大铁矿石进口国，中国对进口铁矿石的依存度已开始下降，2011年我国对进口铁矿石的依存度不到60%。
而在2009年，我国对进口铁矿石的依存度高达近70%。
数据显示，2011年国内累计生产铁矿石13.27亿吨，同比增长27.15%；2011年，我国进口铁矿石总量达到6.86亿吨，同比增长10.9%。
同时，国内大中型钢企通过开发国内自有矿山，投资海外矿企，使得铁矿石自给率进一步提高。
2013年酒钢铁精矿产能650万吨
酒钢集团主要围绕加快提升镜铁山矿生产能力和周边矿的整合力度开展工作，2011年，酒钢选烧厂估计全年完成综合铁精矿产量348万吨、烧结矿产量663万吨、球团矿产量94万吨。
当年，酒钢集团实现生铁产量781.35万吨，按照1吨生铁需消耗1.6吨成品矿来测算，集团公司铁矿石自给率接近30%。
2011年，镜铁山铁矿已具备年产原矿800万吨生产能力，随着该矿对桦树沟和黑沟两个矿区的扩建，再加上目前镜铁山周边铁矿40万吨原矿产能，到2013年酒钢原矿产能将突破千万吨大关。
同时，肃南宏兴矿业有限责任公司铁矿选矿厂正在加紧建设，2013年投产后可处理原矿600万吨，年产铁精矿270万吨。
届时，酒钢铁精矿年产能预计提高至650万吨左右。
太钢铁矿石自给率突破60%
太钢拥有尖山铁矿、峨口铁矿、袁家村铁矿等自备矿山。
2011年太钢自产铁精矿561万吨，比2010年增产10万吨。
其中，尖山铁矿贡献最大，全年为太钢高炉炼铁精选出343万余吨“高精粉”。
2011年，太钢集团实现生铁产量809.37万吨，按照1吨生铁需消耗1.6吨成品矿来测算，集团公司铁矿石自给率达到43.32%。
太钢铁精矿自给量今年将再增230万吨，可使集团公司铁精矿粉自给率突破60%。
据悉，今年新增的200万吨矿粉将来自于袁家村铁矿，该矿建设正在如火如荼，计划年内陆续投产。
该项目设计年采剥总量8580万吨，选矿年处理量2200万吨，年产铁精矿粉741.8万吨，矿山服务年限40年。
此外，峨口铁矿露天转地下采矿工程设计合同已于去年年底签订，工程设计规模为原矿750万吨/年，相当于新建一个与现在峨口铁矿规模相当的地下铁矿。
这两个矿山项目全面投产后，将为太钢新增1000万吨铁精矿产能。
河北钢铁(000709)集团规划国内外资源掌控量达80亿吨
2011年，河北钢铁集团矿业公司生产铁精粉达到707.26万吨，突破700万
吨大关，创公司历史最好水平。
截止目前，公司已取得权属资源28.282亿吨，获部、省协议出让正在申办权属的铁矿资源21.86亿吨，铁矿资源掌控总量超过50亿吨，位居国内同行业前列。
河北钢铁集团钢铁产能庞大，铁矿石自给率却相对较低，不过随着该集团公司多个国内外矿山项目的开发投产，铁矿石自给率有望大幅提升。
国内矿山方面，继司家营二期研山铁矿1500万吨/年选矿厂于去年7月竣工投产后，未来还将建设三期司家营田兴铁矿1500万吨/年选矿工程、四期大贾庄铁矿500万吨/年采选工程、以及五期马城铁矿2500万吨/年采选工程。
此外，年产铁精粉107.4万吨的中关铁矿项目，承德黑山露天转井下开采工程也都在加紧建设。
海外矿山方面，2011年6月，河北钢铁集团与澳大利亚里奇蒙德矿业公司签署框架协议，将联合开发美国内华达州的一个磁铁矿，河北钢铁也将收购里奇蒙德公司两成股权。
按照规划方案，集团公司到“十二五”末规划国内资源掌控量72亿吨，国外资源量8亿吨，将实现3500万吨铁精粉产能目标，将集团公司铁矿石自给率由目前的不到9%提高到40%。
包钢炼铁自产矿配比接近60%
包钢白云鄂博铁矿有着得天独厚的资源优势，已探明铁矿石储量14亿吨。
包钢于2004年成立包钢集团巴润矿业有限责任公司，开发白云鄂博铁矿西矿。
2010年巴润矿业公司选矿厂投产，设计规模为每年处理磁铁矿1000万吨，生产铁精矿300万吨，与民营选矿厂可共同形成450万吨/年铁精粉生产能力。
2011年，该厂成功接收含水在11%以下的铁精矿307.26万吨。
此外，包钢还于2006年组建了矿业公司，集中统一管理外部矿业和托管企业。
目前，进口矿平均成本在1110-1120元/吨，而包钢白云鄂博自产精矿粉一吨才500元左右。
为此，近年来，包钢一直在努力提高自产精矿配比。
2011年，包钢炼铁厂自产矿配比达到58.15%的近年最高位，同比提高近7个百分点。
而2009年包钢炼铁自产矿配比是44%。
马钢铁矿产能将实现跨越式发展
2011年，马钢集团公司出资设立马钢集团矿业有限公司，南山矿、姑山矿、桃冲矿的资产全部划入矿业公司，张庄矿、罗河矿、集团设计院委托矿业公司管理。
成立后的马钢集团矿业有限公司全?生产成品矿300万吨，当年马钢集团累计实现生铁产量1604.68万吨，铁矿石自给率仅为11.7%。
不过与河北钢铁集团一样，马钢正在开工建设多个铁矿项目，全部投产后铁矿产能将实现跨越式发展。
马钢在建矿山包括：罗河铁矿项目分两期实施，其中一期工程预计今年上半年建成，年产铁矿石300万吨，年产含铁66%的铁精矿98.31万吨，二期开采规模为600至800万吨；白象山矿2008年3月开工，设计原矿产能200万吨，建设工期4年；和尚桥铁矿原矿规模将由300万吨/年扩大到500万吨/年，年产铁精矿120万吨，预计11月底进行重负荷试车。
张庄铁矿设计年产铁矿石原矿500万吨，年产品位65%的铁精矿171万吨，2011年通过国家发改委核准。
上述铁矿项目全部投产后，马钢有望形成年产原矿3300万吨、成品矿1000万吨的生产规模。
鞍钢攀钢强强联合铁矿石自给率突破50%
2010年7月28日，鞍钢与攀钢重组大会在北京京西宾馆举行，重组后新成立鞍钢集团公司作为母公司，鞍钢与攀钢均作为鞍钢集团公司的全资子公司。
2011年，鞍钢和攀钢合计实现生铁产量3052.45万吨。
同年，攀钢矿业公司实现铁精矿产量达862.25万吨，鞍钢矿业公司实现铁精矿产量1600万吨。
据测算，两家公司合并后，铁矿石自给率达到50.4%。
此外，随着鞍钢海外矿山项目的投产，铁矿石自给率将进一步提升。
2007年9月，鞍钢与金达必正式签署了合资开发卡拉拉铁矿的协议。
根据协议，双方各出资50%合建卡拉拉矿业公司，产品主要向鞍钢销售。
目前，卡拉拉铁矿已探得铁矿石可开采储量14亿吨，预计总储量超20亿吨，年产铁矿产品1000万吨。
首钢提前布局海外矿山获益
通过并购重组水钢、贵钢、长钢、通钢，淘汰北京老区产能，投产首钢京唐一期工程后，2011年首钢集团累计实现生铁产量3051.9万吨。
同年，首钢矿业公司自产铁精粉480.66万吨，通钢铁矿石成品矿产量全年完成259.13万吨。
此外，杏山铁矿地采项目于2011年9月达产，可生产铁精粉近百万吨，该矿山重新开始开采。
首钢还是最早跨出国门的中国公司之一，早在1992年，首钢集团就购买了濒临倒闭的秘鲁国有铁矿公司。
2011年，首钢Hierro秘鲁公司完成701万吨铁矿石产量。
据测算，如果上述各大矿山的铁精矿全部供应给首钢集团，该公司铁矿石自给率将达到30%以上。
为了进一步满足铁矿石需求，首钢集团正在积极投资开发海外矿山。
2010年底，秘鲁能源和矿产部门已批准中国首钢秘鲁Hierro矿业公司的扩建计划，铁矿石年产能将提高一倍至1000万吨。
去年，首钢集团总经理助理韩庆又透露消息称，正在与美国全球投资公司共同运作，拟收购非洲西部优质高品位露天磁铁矿。
此外，2011年4月，首钢集团还与洪桥集团签订具有法律约束力框架协议，每年获取1000万吨长期铁精矿粉供应。
上述首钢集团、攀钢、鞍钢、马钢、包钢、河北钢铁集团、太钢、酒钢等8家国内钢企2011年合计实现生铁产量1.7亿吨，占到77家重点大中型钢铁企业生铁总量的30%。
“十二五”期间，这8家大中型钢企铁矿石自给率都有望超过40%，表明了国内大中型钢企在铁矿石资源保障能力方面取得了显着成绩，为中国钢铁工业持续健康发展，摆脱国际市场垄断打下坚实基础。