2007年6月学位真题
学位英语历年真题带答案07-11
成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2007.11.17 (A 卷)一阅读理解Passage 1Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and w omen. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the joble ss are in poorer health than jobholders. An investigation shows that whenever t he unemployment.Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. (79)Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they ar e working hard. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work people come into with each other. By collective activity they find friendship and war mth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him ill.Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Word makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his s tudents grow, they are happy beyond words.(80)From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and healthier you will be. Let us work hard and study and live a happy and healthy life.1.The underlined word “average ” in Paragraph I means __ . CA.healthyB. lazyC. ordinaryD. poor2.The reason why housewives are not as healthy as career women is that ___ ___. CA.housewives are poorer than career womenB.housewives have more children than career womenC.housewives have less chance to communicate with othersD.housewives eat less food than career women3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? DA.Busy people have nothing to do at home.B.High achievers don ' t care about their families.C.There is no friendship and warmth at home.D. A satisfying job helps to keep one healthy.4.We can infer from the passage that those who do not work . AA.are likely to live a shorter lifeB.will lose everything at homeC.can live as long as those who workD.have more time to make new friends5.The best title for this passage may be . BA.People Should Find a JobB.Working Hard Is Good for HealthC.People Should Make More Friends by WorkD.The Loss of Word Means the Loss of EverythingPassage 2A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture t han is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history cours es concentrate on politics, economics and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions and psychology. In addition, information a bout thedaily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art. （78） In shor t, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history b ooks.In history books, objective information about the political life of a coun try is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective（主观的）: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first t ruly “ political ” artist. In his well -known painting The Third of May , 1808, h e criticized the Spanish government for its abuse （滥用） of power over people.In the same way, art can reflect a culture ' s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art had been almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that described people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn ' t read, they could still understand the Bible stories in the pictures on church wal ls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was （andstill is） its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islami c belief that statues （雕像） are not holy.6.More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because ___. CA.art history shows us nothing but the political valuesB.general history only focuses on politicsC.art history gives us an insight （洞察力） into the essential qualities o f a time and a placeD.general history concerns only religious beliefs, emotions and psycholog y7.Art is subjective in that . AA. a personal and emotional view of history is presented through itB.it only reflects people ' s anger or sadness about social problemsC.it can easily arouse people ' s anger about their governmentD.artists were or are religious, who reflect only the religious aspect of the society8.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? CA.In history books political views of people are entirely presented.B.Francisco Goya expressed his religious belief in his painting The Third of May, 1808C.In the Middle East, you can hardly find animal or human figures on pala ces or other building.D.For centuries in Europe, painters had only painted on walls of churches or other religious buildings.9 The passage mainly discusses . BA.the development of art historyB.he difference between general history and art historyC.what we can learn from artD.the influence of artists on art history10.It can be concluded from the passage that . CA.Islamic artists only paint images of plants, flowers or objects in thei r paintingsB.it is more difficult to study art history than general historyC. a history teacher must be quite objectiveD.artists painted people or stories from the Bible to hide their politica l beliefsPassage 3Blind people can “ see” things by using other parts of their bodies. Thisfact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can se nse color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciousl y（无意识地）。
07年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)
2007年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)2007-6 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A ( point each ) 21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed. A. compelling B. rational C. ridiculous D. ambiguous 22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence. A. support B. restrict C. raise D. modify 23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on 24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods. A. abundant B. controversial C. conducive D.convincing 25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off. A. more wealthy B. less successful C. dismissed earlier D. favorably positioned 26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence 27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches. A. believed B. discarded C. advocated D. confirmed 28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices. A. assessing B. cutting C. elevating D. altering 29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted 30. Thousands of people left their rural homesand flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories. A. dashed B. filed C. strolled D. swarmed Section B ( point each) 31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with 32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home. A. humble B. obscure C. inferior D. lower 33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible. A. humidity B. humanity C. harmony D. honesty 34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life. A. vessel B. vest C. venture D. vehicle 35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who___six years of instruction. A. set about B. run for C. sit through D. make for 36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation 1 37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm. A. accustomed to B. committed to C. applied to D. suited to 38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths. A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk. A. expose B. lead C. contribute D. send 40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun. A. tour B. travel C.visit D. trip PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Harvard University’s under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard’s c urriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization. \research, and science in general are ever more important,\ Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research. Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.\should be spending a semester at a university in China.\It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required \curriculum\The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized \Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 \College Courses\for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean. 41.A. inspecting42. A. in accordance with 43. A. update44. A. trust-worthy45. A. turn out 46. A. In spite of 47. A. perish48. A. appropriate 49. A. optical 50. A. sparingB. reviewing B. in line with B. uphold B. note-worthy B. turn in B.As if B. destroy B. imaginative B. optional B. spiraling C. searching C. in charge of C. upset C. praise-worthy C. turn to C. Let alone C. abolish C. special C. opposite C. spanning D. underlying D. in response to D. upward D. reward-worthy D. turn over D. Rather than D. denounce D. specific D. optimistic D. sparkling 2 PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.’? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parksinstead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side. Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. 51. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to fight air pollution in big cities. B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________. A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster B. cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl C. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster D. can be more serious than we used to think 53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________. A. where the wind is coming B. where the wind is going C. where the wind is weaker D. where the wind is stronger 54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________. A. on the left side in the bus B. on the right side in the bus C. in the middle of the bus D. at the back of the bus 3 55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. airpollution on an underground train is less poisonous D. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus 56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________. A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce B. stay away from the traffic as far as possible C. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the street D. count down for the light to change Passage Two Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost allscientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide. Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. \piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,\Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as globalwarming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. \along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,\57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________. A. can be eased B. can be ended C. will become worse D. will last for decades 58. Ally’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________. A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns B.subtle changes in atmospheric patterns C. humans’ burning of fossil fuel D. increasing levels of carbon dioxide 59. The word \ 4 A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. worried D. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming? A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels. B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate. C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels. D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth. 61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______. A. a region like Siberia B. a warmer and warmer place C. a tropical region D. a place like North Pole 62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is A. lack of harmony B. violence C. global warming D. climate shiftPassage Three We’re talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending. Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It’s nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don’t work out that way. They point to an idea called the \you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don’t have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits. It’s a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenlystopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble. Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won’t buy things that they need. In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered thatdifferent areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful. If you think you really want that product because it’s beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product. 63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________. 5。
2007-6研究生学位英语考题及答案Word版
2007年6月PART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes, 20 points)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He doesn't like classic music．B. He feels sorry to decline the offer.C. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn’t got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage．B. At the restaurant，C. At the supermarket.D. At the office．3. A. Tony doesn’t always listen．B. Tony has hearing problems．C. It’s unusual that Tony missed the interview.D. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier.B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable．5. A. A doctor.B. An operator.C. A nurse.D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35B. $3.50C. $3.05D.＄30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch．B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared．D. He was not paying attention to the time．8. A. He didn’t attend Professor Smith’s class last time．B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled．C. The woman should pose a more serious question．D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend．9. The woman does not drink beer.B. It was not the woman’s coat．C. The woman just had her coat cleaned．D. The woman is not angry with the man．Directions：In this section you will hear two mini- talks. At the end of each talk: there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause. you must choose the best answer from the tour choices given by marking I the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sh eet.‘Mini-Talk One10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at home．B. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college．11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools．B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from home.C. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills．12. A. A variety of honeybee.B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor Society.D. A national top competition．Mini-Talk Two13. A. Importance of biodiversityB. Protection of wild species．C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat.B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato..15．A. They can. harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support life.B. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls，D. They hardly survive different conditions．Section C (1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16) There are several _____________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to helpget a good night’s sleep:17) 1:_____________________________________________18) 2:_____________________________________________19) 3:_____________________________________________20) 4:_____________________________________________PART II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: there are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence withone word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase, that is closest in meaning to the underlined one:Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed．A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful. co-existence．A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods．A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude，you’ll make a greater effort and also createpositive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches．A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would bebrought under control．A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to livebeside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word。
试题解析中央广播电视大学2006-2007学年度第二学期学位考试
2021/8/17
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8．D 同位语从句
9．C 固定搭配
10．D 定语从句用法 turn to：求助于
11．B
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A. What
B. Whom
C. Who
D. That （答案：A。）
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3
7．B 倒装的原因： （1）结构的需要。 （2）特殊效果的需要。 结构要求： 1）一般疑问句
E.g. Could you do me a favor? 2）某些特殊疑问句
E.g. Where are you from?
________ their fort and carry out more important task.
A. would leave
B. leave
C. left
D. have l
13．C no sooner…than 一……就
14．A 非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分 词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。 例如：Arriving at the bus stop, ________ waiting there. A. he found a lot of people B. a lot of people were C. he found a lot of people’s D. people were found （根据上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C项中的people’s 结构不对，正确答案只能是A。）
PART IV 阅读理解正确选项： ACADD BCBBA DDABB CABDD BCCDB
2007 在职联考 教育硕士 英语二 真题及参考答案
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语二试卷Contents2007 (2)Section I Use of English (20 minutes, 10%) (2)Section II Reading Comprehension (70 minutes, 50%) (3)Section III Translation (20 minutes, 20%) (11)Section IV Writing (40 minutes, 20%) (13)2007 答案 (13)英语二试卷一[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用]Section ⅠUse of English (20 minutes, 10%)Section ⅡReading Comprehension (70 minutes, 50%) 考生须知1. 本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。
试卷一满分60分，考试时间为90分钟，14:30开始，16:00结束；试卷二满分40分，考试时间为60分钟，16:00开始，17:00结束。
2. 请考生务必将本人考号最后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。
3. 本试卷一为A型试卷，其答案必须用2B铅笔填涂在A型答题卡上，做在其它类型答题卡或试卷上的无效。
答题前，请核对答题卡是否A型卡，若不是，请要求监考员予以更换。
4. 在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为在答案对应的字母上划线，如[A] [B] [C] [D]。
5. 监考员宣布试卷一考试结束时，请立即停止答试卷一，将试卷一及其答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上，继续做试卷二。
监考员将到座位上收取试卷一及其答题卡。
6. 监考员收卷过程中，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字（作为考生交卷的凭据），否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。
英语二试卷二[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用]Section ⅢTranslation (20 minutes, 20%)Section ⅣWriting (40 minutes, 20%)考生须知1. 试卷二满分40分，考试时间为60分钟，16:00开始，17:00结束。
6月研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案
Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (1 point each)1. A. To work in his place.B. To ask his boss for leave.C. To meet his friend at the airport.D. To cover his absence from his boss.2. A. He doesn't want to go to the show, as he is not interested in it.B. He is not free to go to the fashion show with the woman.C. He cannot go with the woman, as he has a pile of paperwork to do.D. He cannot go with the woman, as he has to finish his paper.3. A. He has been mad.B. He has been pretty busy.C. He was at a meeting.D. He was with a business partner.4. A. A salesman.B. A bank teller.C. A policeman.D. A postman.5. A. She hasn't been in touch with Sam for weeks.B. She has been looking for Sam for weeks.C. Sam has been hunting for weeks.D. Sam has been out of work for weeks.6. A. She won't tell anyone else about the file.B. She will wrap the file very carefully.C. She is confident about the file.D. She will keep the file in a safe.7. A. He was very careful about what he said.B. He said something that he shouldn't have said.C. He didn't understand what the woman wanted him to do.D. He talked too much to the woman.8. A. He has had an accident.B. He has run out of gas.C. His car has been broken~D, He has arrived home.9. A. It is to reduce the cost of building.B. The location is more convenient.C. People like to live in high buildings.D. People can have a better view in high buildings.Section BMini-talk One10. A. Britain has been punished for exporting rubbish to China.B. Britain is dumping its wastes to China in the name of recycling.C. China should set up new environmental standards.D. China should acknowledge the costs of the environmental damage.11. A. 20,000.B. 50,000.C. 200,000.D. 500,000.12. A. They don't have any environmental standards to follow.B. They are doing the recycling in backyards.C. Their employees have been poisoned.D. They cause more pollution to the environment.Mini-talk Two13. A. He is a doctor.B. He is a music star.C. He is a drug dealer.D. He is a spokesman.14. A. He was recovering from cancer.B. He was going to receive an operation.C. He was expected to quit from the group.D. He was involved in a scandal.15. A. Most of its members abuse drugs.B. Most of its members are from the countryside.C. The group has been in trouble since 1963.D. The group has been full of scandals.Section C16. Where did the French Government legalize the use of mobile phone blocking devices?17. The blocking device can prevent people from receiving and making mobile telephone calls within _________ of the device.18. By changing the law the government expects to make cinemas ____________.19. While blocking telephone signals in cinemas and theaters the blocking device might affect signals on ____________.20. Before it was legalized, the use of blocking devices was punishable with a fine of 20,660 pounds or ________________.Part II VocabularySection A (0.5 point each)21. An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advancedstudents.A. ideaB. changeC. matterD. policy22. This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has beenpropagated.A. extendedB. terminatedC. speculatedD. restricted23. The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A. was releasedB. proved satisfactoryC. failed completelyD. won awards24. Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A. gravitationB. fascinationC. seriousnessD. incurability25. When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A. utilizeB. handleC. masterD. dominate26. These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A. amount toB. conform toC. contribute toD. attach to27. The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A. most poisonousB. most likelyC. most famousD. most desirable28. This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A. win the favor ofB. find good jobs forC. assume the responsibility forD. accept the challenge of29. The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A. collapsedB. disappearedC. perishedD. scattered30. Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A. for benefitsB. by luckC. for everD. at handSection B (0.5 point each)31. This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not takenseriously.A. episodeB. epidemicC. equivalentD. eruption32. With a wide variety of fresh fruit ____available, canned fruit is no longer so popular as before.A. willinglyB. appropriatelyC. confidentlyD. readily33. The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____ that events could take oncethe coalition troops are withdrawn.A. processB. lineC. wayD. course34. Decades of ______ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A. insulationB. irrigationC. integrationD. isolation35. There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains _____ through suicide.A. by and largeB. once for allC. heart and soulD. on the whole36. The country once threatened to ____ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was toofriendly to the rebels.A. show off:B. keep offC. break offD. call off37. In English learning, a _____circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A. viciousB. vigorousC. verticalD. voluntary38. Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow _____ by the sun on the slate.A. thrownB. flungC. castD. tossed39. Competition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare_______ with other local districts.A. significantlyB. favorablyC. dramaticallyD. superficially40. If you don't know how to _____ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be anightmare.A. take hold ofB. get rid ofC. let go ofD. make fun ofPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, I point each)There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere--from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 41 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can't 42 demand,”said inventor Mitch Altman of San Francisco, U.S. “I didn't know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman's US$14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 43 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 44 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company, Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 45.The keychain device works like a 46 remote control--but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 47 of about 200 infrared (红外线的) codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 48 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 49 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 50 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.41. A. expects B. expectation C. expecting D. expected42. A. give in to B. hold on to C. keep up with D. make up for43. A. announced B. acknowledged C. admitted D. applied44. A. At the same time B. At times C. On time D. Behind time45. A. clash B. crush C. crash D. cruise46. A. universal B. commonplace C. mean D. medium47. A. flock B. string C. school D. fleet48. A. repel B. repeat C. reproach D. react49. A. submit B. permit C. emit D. omit50. A. haunted B. bothered C. interrupted D. hinderedPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneTies have no practical use at all and most men see them as part of a uniform instead of an independent piece of clothing. But, these small strips of cloth should not be underestimated, fashion experts say.The shirt, suit or jacket are neutral means of expression. But, the tie gives you the final personal touch, experts suggest.In fact, its color also has psychological importance. "Red, for instance, evokes feelings of warmth and intimacy", according to Axel Venn. He's a professor of design at the University of Applied Sciences and Art in Germany. "It also stands for energy, dynamism and strength."Using shades of color requires understanding and sensitivity. Orange is regarded as a lively color. Blue stands for matter-of-fact, solitude and coolness. Shiny yellow stirs amusement. Green is the color of nature and harmony.It's only when the color fits the personal character that it is viewed as authentic."A lively orange with a black suit and white shirt can look great at a private party or in an artistic environment," Venn says. "In a conservative environment such as in a bank such dress is unsuitable".Imme Vogelsang, a trainer of etiquette in Hamburg, Germany, recommends in business environment low contrasting colors such as wine red, dark green or dark blue.But feminine colors have also become popular. "Light green and a fine rose color play an increasing role. Such colors express innovation and sensitivity," Venn says.Also, patterns that stand out can be an interesting eye catcher in a private environment but are unsuitable in business."Stripes and small geometric patterns are more appropriate in business," Vogelsang says, "but stripes should never run vertically or horizontally."With diagonal stripes it is important to look at the direction. They should run from the bottom left to the fight top. "This symbolizes dynamism. In the opposite direction it shows fear and escapist thoughts."51. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Ties--Impractical Pieces of ClothingB. Psychological Importance of TiesC. What The Colors of Ties MeanD. The Colors of Ties and the Occasions to Wear Them52. According to the passage, ties are more important ___________.A. than shirts, suits or jacketsB. in colors than in patternsC. in expressing one's mood than shirtsD. in business than on private occasions53. What color of tie should one wear, if he wants to appear energetic?A. Green.B. Orange.C. Shiny yellow.D. Red.54. The best color for the tie of a judge in a court should be _________.A. light green.B. lively orangeC. fine roseD. dark blue55. What kind of ties is more suitable on an important business occasion?A. Ties without stripes and geometric patterns.B. Ties with swipes of vertical or horizontal patterns.C. Ties of no bright colors and obvious patterns.D. Plain ties without any swipes and patterns.56. It is implied in the passage that ______.A. ties with stripes from the bottom left to the right top are not popularB. ties with stripes from the bottom right to the left top are not popularC. ties with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns are popularD. ties of feminine colors are out of fashion nowadaysPassage TwoAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these findings have been made by scientists in recent years--and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald's and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.McDonald's, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at Purdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩) at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95. Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: "If you believe in evolution, how can't you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?"Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this, should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.57. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald's and KFC probably because these companies ____________.A. are the largest fast food chains in the worldB. have little to do with animalsC. consume a large amount of meat each dayD. are notorious for their ill-treatment to animals58. The experiment with Koko shows ____________.A. gorillas' IQ scores are as high as human beings'B. animals are much cleverer than we used to believeC. parent animals can pass learning to their offspring intentionallyD. some gorillas are smarter than many humans59. Which of the following is NOT true according to the studies?A. Some animals have developed language skills.B. Some animals can show their feelings.C. Animals enjoy playing with each other.D. Animals become indifferent when one of them dies.60. By citing the question “If you believe in evolution, how can't you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?” the author means _________.A. human feelings can trace their origin back to animalsB. animal's feelings are as developed as human beings'C. from the point of view of evolution animals should have no feelingsD. we cannot believe that animals have feelings that human beings have61. The studies urge us to __________.A. stop killing animals for foodB. ban hunting and animal testingC. close zoos and animal farmsD. change our ways to treat animals62. The purpose of this passage is to tell us that ________.A. animals are much smarter than we ever imaginedB. animal rights should be taught in schoolsC. we should show greater respect to animalsD. animal rights should be protected worldwidePassage ThreeIn a recent Sunday school class in a church in the Northeast, a group of eight-to ten-year-olds were in a deep discussion with their two teachers. When asked to choose which of ten stated possibilities they most feared happening their response was unanimous. All the children most dreaded a divorce between their parents.Later, as the teachers, a man and a woman in their late thirties, reflected on the lesson, they both agreed they'd been shocked at the response. When they were the same age as their students, they said, the possibility of their parents' being, divorced never entered their heads. Yet in just one generation, children seemed to feel much less security in their family ties.Nor is the experience of these two Sunday school teachers an isolated one. Psychiatrists revealed in one recent newspaper investigation that the fears of children definitely do change in different periods; and in recent times, divorce has become one of the most frequently mentioned anxieties. In one case, for example, a four-year-old insisted that his father rather than his mother walk him to nursery school each day. The reason? He said many of his friends had “no daddy living at home, and I'm scared that will happen to me.”In line with such reports, our opinion leaders expressed great concern about the present and future status of the American family. In the poll 33 percent of the responses listed decline in family structure, divorce, and other family-oriented concerns, as one of the five major problems facing the nation today. And 26 percent of the responses included such family difficulties as one of the five major problems for the United. States in the next decade.One common concern expressed about the rise in divorces and decline in stability of the family is that the family unit has traditionally been a key factor in transmitting stable cultural and moral values from generation to generation. Various studies have shown that educational and religious institutions often can have only a limited impact on children without strong family support.63. It is mentioned that in a Sunday school class the children _________.A. deeply impressed their teachersB. had an argument with their teachersC. feared answering their teachers' questionD. gave the same response to their teachers' question64. The two teachers in the Sunday school felt _________.A. responsible for tightening school securityB. no fear of the divorce of their students' parentsC. no threat of broken family ties when they were ten-year-oldsD. shocked at the divorce rates of their students' parents65. The author uses a four-year-old as an example to ________.A. show the anxiety of today's childrenB. emphasize the importance of family tiesC. indicate the seriousness of psychological problemsD. reveal the change of children's attitude toward divorce66. It is stated that one third of the American population _________.A. consider family-oriented concerns to be a big problemB. are worried about the future of the United StatesC. believe the social situation is getting worseD. are facing family difficulties67. Family has been regarded as a major carrier of _________.A. religious beliefsB. various customsC. social traditionsD. cultural and moral values68. It is implied in the passage that __________.A. Sunday school teachers are different from public school teachersB. family has stronger impact on children than other social institutionsC. in a decade family-oriented concerns will be the same as they are nowD. parents' divorce has long been children's biggest fearPassage FourMusicians are fascinated with the possibility that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem all the more essential. Over the past few years no less a bold musical explorer than Peter Gabriel has been getting involved. At the Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanzi, one of the bonobo apes (倭黑猩猩involved in the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage-Rumbaugh.I have seen the video of Kanzi picking notes out on a piano-like keyboard, with Gabriel and members of his band playing inside the observation booth in the lab. (They did it this way because Kanzi had bitten one of his trainers a few days previously--interspecies communication is not without its dangers.) The scene is beautiful, the ape trying out the new machine and looking thoughtfully pleased with what comes out. He appears to be listening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the animal groping for something from the human world but remaining isolated from the rest of the band. It is a touching encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Monkey many years ago openly condemned the horrors of less sensitive animal experiments than this.What is the scientific value of such a jam session? The business of the Research Center is the forging of greater communication between human and animal. Why not try the fertile and mysterious ground of music in addition to the more testable arena of simple language? The advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, though we don't fully understand it, we can easily have access to it. We don't need to explain its workings to be touched by it. Two musicians who don't speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures far from our own.Music needs no explanation, but it clearly expresses something deep and important, something humans cannot live without. Finding music in the sounds of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us.69. It can be learned from the passage that Peter Gabriel __________.A. is a bold expert on animal behaviorB. wants to find more about natural musicC. is working on animal's language abilityD. specializes in human-animal cooperation70. Kanzi was arranged to stay in a separate place ________.A. to prevent him from attacking the human playersB. so that he would not be disturbed by othersC. because he needed a large room to move aroundD. after he had destroyed the others' musical instruments71. Kanzi the ape __________.A. was annoyed by the music-playing activityB. demonstrated no unusual talent for musicC. became more obedient when playing musicD. seemed content with what he was producing72. Which of the following words can best describe the advantage of music?A. Controllable.B. Explainable.C. Accessible.D. Testable.73. The writer seems to suggest that ___________.A. music should replace language as the major arena of animal researchB. animal experiments are more often than not cruel and inhumanC. great progress has been made in the field of interspecies communicationD. the experiment with music may help scientific research on animals74. The best title for the passage is ___________.A. Music - The Essence of NatureB. Music - A Better Way to Enjoy NatureC. Music - A New Frontier for ScientistsD. Music - Beyond National and Cultural BoundaryPassage FiveFaith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per person on health care than any other nation. Whether we eat too much or exercise too little, whether we're turning gray or feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better.We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will bring us longer, healthier lives. But there is mounting evidence that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system brings small and diminishing returns to public health. Today the United States spends more than $4,500 per person per year on health care. Costa Rica spends less than $300. Yet life expectancy at birth is nearly identical in both countries.Despite the highly publicized "longevity revolution," life expectancy among the elderly in the United States is hardly improving. Yes, we" are an aging society, but primarily because of falling birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly 130 percent, due primarily to overweight.Why has our huge investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because so many promised "miracle cures," from Interferon to gene therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly it's because health care dollars are so concentrated on the terminally ill and the very old that even when medical interventions "work," the gains to average life expectancy are small. And partly it is because of medical errors and adverse reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly 200,000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening "adverse drug events" due to improper drug use or drug interaction.Why don't Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans? Overwhelmingly, it's because of differences in behavior. Americans exercise less, eat more, drive more, smoke more, and lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modem medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by the time most people come in contact with it their bodies are already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental dangers and injuries.75. Americans in general believe that __________.A. more money spent on health care may not result in better healthB. health problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved by medicineC. higher birthrate can better solve the problem of aging society than medicineD. medicine may provide an effective cure for various health problems76. Compared with the Americans, Costa Ricans _________.A. have a healthier way of lifeB. enjoy a longer life expectancyC. are more dependent on medicineD. are less concerned about their health77. The biggest problem affecting the health of younger Americans may be summarized as the problem of __________.A. overworkB. lifestyleC. stressD. depression78. Which of the following is NOT a reason why health care investment fails to bring a longer life?A. Imbalanced distribution of health care money.B. Failure of many highly-evaluated medical treatments.C. Soaring prices of both drugs and new therapies.D. Drug reaction due to improper use of drugs.79. It is implied in the last paragraph that _________.A. medicine should be taken timely before it is too lateB. poor health conditions leave little room for medicine to workC. great efforts should be made to develop new types of medicineD. it is reasonable to question the effectiveness of medicine80. The passage is mainly focused on __________.A. the limits of medicineB. the life hazards in the U.S.C. the barriers to a longer lifeD. the problems with health investmentPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)This book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. It is based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone. Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)人人都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的定义却因人而异。
2007年6月全国大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题及答案解析(A卷)
2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.有人做好事期望得到回报；2.有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；3.我的观点。
Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Seven Steps to a More Fulfilling JobMany people today find themselves in unfulfilling work situations. In fact, one in four workers is dissatisfied with their current job, according to the recent “Plans for 2004” survey. Their career path may be financially rewarding, but it doesn’t meet their emotional, social or creative needs. They’re stuck, unhappy, and have no idea what to do about it, except move to another job.Mary Lyn Miller, veteran career consultant and founder of the Life and Career Clinic, says that when most people are unhappy about their work, their first thought is to get a different job. Instead, Miller suggests looking at the possibility of a different life. Through her book, 8 Myths of Making a Living, as well as workshops, seminars and personal coaching and consulting, she has helped thousands of dissatisfied workers reassess life and work.Like the way of Zen, which includes understanding of oneself as one really is, Miller encourages job seekers and those dissatisfied with work or life to examine their beliefs about work and recognize that “in many cases your beliefs are what brought you to where you are today.”You may have been raised to think that women were best at nurturing and caring and, therefore, should be teachers and nurses. So that’s what you did. Or, perhaps you were brought up to believe that you should do what your father did, so you have taken over the family business, or become a dentist “just like dad.” If this sounds familiar, it’s probably time to look at the new possibilities for your future.Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that allows them to pursue their passion through work.Step 1: Willingness to do something different.Breaking the cycle of doing what you have always done is one of the most difficult tasks for job seekers. Many find it difficult to steer away from a career path or make a change, even if it doesn’t feel right. Miller urges job seekers to open their minds to other possibilities beyond what they are currently doing.Step 2: Commitment to being who you are, not who or what someone wants you to be.Look at the \gifts and talents you have and make a commitment to pursue those things that you love most. If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside an office or “chained to your desk” most of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others. Dawnworked as a manager for a large retail clothing store for several years. Though she had advanced within the company, she felt frustrated and longed to be involved with nature and the outdoors. She decided to go to school nights and weekends to pursue her true passion by earning her master’s degree in forestry. She now works in the biotech forestry division of a major paper company.Step 3: Self-definitionMiller suggests that once job seekers know who they are, they need to know how to sell themselves. “In the job market, you are a product. And just like a product, you most know the features and benefits that you have to offer a potential client, or employer.” Examine the skills and knowledge that you have identify how they can apply to your desired occupation. Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates.Step 4: Attain a level of self-honoring.Self-honoring or self-love may seem like an odd step for job hunters, but being able to accept yourself, without judgment, helps eliminate insecurities and will make you more self-assured. By accepting who you are – all your emotions, hopes and dreams, your personality, and your unique way of being – you’ll project more confidence when networking and talking with potential employers. The power of self-honoring can help to break all the falsehoods you were programmed tobelieve – those that made you feel that you were not good enough, or strong enough, or intelligent enough to do what you truly desire.Step 5: Vision.Miller suggests that job seekers develop a vision that embraces the answer to “What do I really want to do?” one should create a solid statement in a dozen or so sentences that describe in detail how they see their life related to work. For instance, the secretary who longs to be an actress describes a life that allows her to express her love of Shakespeare on stage. A real estate agent, attracted to his current job because her loves fixing up old homes, describes buying properties that need a little tender loving care to make them more saleable.Step 6: Appropriate risk.Some philosophers believe that the way to enlightenment comes through facing obstacles and difficulties. Once people discover their passion, many are too scared to do anything about it. Instead, they do nothing. With this step, job seekers should assess what they are willing to give up, or risk, in pursuit of their dream. For one working mom, that meant taking night classes to learn new computer-aided design skills, while still earning a salary and keeping her day job. For someone else, it may mean quitting his or her job, taking out loan and going back to school full time. You’ll move one step closer to your ideal work life if you identify how much risk you are willing to take and the sacrificesyou are willing to make.Step 7: Action.Some teachers of philosophy describe action in this way, “If one wants to get to the top of a mountain, just sitting at the foot thinking about it will not bring one there. It is by making the effort of climbing up the mountain, step by step, that eventually the summit is reached.” All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals. Creating a plan and taking it one step at a time can lead to new and different job opportunities. Job-hunting tasks gain added meaning as you sense their importance in your quest for a more meaningful work life. The plan can include researching industries and occupations, talking to people who are in your desired area of work, taking classes, or accepting volunteer work in your targeted field.Each of these steps will lead you on a journey to a happier and more rewarding work life. After all, it is the journey, not the destination, that is most important.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2007年6月A级真题参考答案及听力录音原文
2007年6月高等学校英语应用能力A级考试真题参考答案及听力录音原文Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)(评分标准：1-15题每题1分，共15分)Section A1. D2. C3. B4. A5. BSection BConversation 16. C7. AConversation 28. C 9. D 10. BSection C11. stay in bed 12. easy 13. job 14. little good 15. his mindPart II Vocabulary & Structure (15 minutes)(评分标准：16-25每题0.5分，26-35每题1分，共15分)Section A16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. D21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. DSection B26. working 27. investment 28. higher 29. have made 30. suggesting31. were sent 32. national 33. directly 34. paid 35. askedPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)（评分标准：36-45每题2分，46-50每空1分，51-55每空0.5分，56-60每题1分，共35分）Task 136. D 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. ATask 241. B 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. DTask 346. effective relief 47. the tongue 48. 1249. every 4 hours 50. shortness of breathTask 451. N, D 52. O,G 53. A, H 54. K, Q 55. J, IA. Waiting and Boarding候机/登机B. Luggage Delivery行李托运C. Inspection and Quarantine检查与检疫D. Getting a Boarding Pass领取登机牌E. Security Check安全检查F. Domestic Departure国内出发G. Over-sized Luggage Checked-in大件行李托运H. Goods Prohibited to be Hand-carried禁止随身携带的物品I. Duty-free Articles免税物品J. Customs Declaration Form海关申报表K. Quantity Allowed to Take限带物品数量L. Regulations on Restriction of Liquids限带液体物品的规定M. Temporary Boarding ID Card临时登记身份证N. Guide to Outgoing Passengers离港旅客指南O. Goods Prohibited to Exit the Country禁止携带出境的物品P. Restriction of Hand Carry-on Articles随身携带物品的限制说明Q. Detection Passage检查通道Task 556. cost 57. coverage goals 58. An agent59. family members 60. other debtsPart IV Translation---English into Chinese (25 minutes)（评分标准：61-64每题2分，65题12分，共20分）61. D---C---B---A 2---1---0.5---062. C---B---D---A 2---1---0.5---063. B---A---C---D 2---1---0.5---064. C---B---A---D 2---1---0.5---065.7月10日公司将举行首次世界范围内的电视会议。
2007年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考真题
15. 下列关于“消费者物价指数（CPI）”的说法，不正确的一项是 A. 该指标上升意味着居民生活成本下降 B. 通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标 C. 该指标较大时可能出现经济运行不稳定 D. 反映与居民生活有关的商品价格及劳务价格的统计物价变动指标 二、填空题 16. 在下列各句横线处，依次填入最恰当的词语。 ①误会产生后，你们并没有给他____的机会。 ②这两个问题之间没有什么关联，需要____处理。 ③大家的力量____在一起，就没有克服不了的困难。 A．分辨 各别 会合 C. 分辩 各别 汇合 B. 分辨 个别 会合 D. 分辨 个别 汇合
2． 下列各句中，没有错别字的一句是 A．不可狂妄自大，也不要枉自菲薄。 B．诗歌最忌骄揉造作，无病呻吟。 C．他自顾不遐，哪里还能顾及他人。
地址：天津市南开区鞍山西道时代公寓 A 座 2302 咨询电话：23156300 GCT 试卷 A 卷
天津联创太奇
B. 不适当地管教孩子，对孩子的成长十分不利。 C. 他文思敏捷．三天就写出了一篇文章。 D. 火车票没买到，老王只好急急忙忙坐出租车去了。 7. 下列关于文史知识的表述，有错误的一项是 A. 鲁迅的《 狂人日记》1918 年发表于《新青年》杂志，后收人小说集《呐喊》。
地址：天津市南开区鞍山西道时代公寓 A 座 2302 咨询电话：23156300 GCT 试卷 A 卷
25. 人民法院审理_____案件，必须进行调解。 A. 离婚 B. 继承遗产
咨询电话：23156300 GCT 试卷 A 卷
地址：天津市南开区鞍山西道时代公寓 A 座 2302
天津联创太奇
联手世界，创享未来
C. 借款合同
D. 追索劳动报酬
2007年下半年全国自考(外语教学法)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2007年下半年全国自考（外语教学法）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Multipe Choice 2. Filling Blanks 3. Matching 4. Questions for Brief Answers 5. Questions for Long AnswersMultipe ChoiceDirections: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.1．Traditional linguists believed that the written form of language was ______the spoken form.A．the same asB．inferior toC．superior toD．different from正确答案：C解析：传统语言学家的研究很大程度上都是实用性的，如为了读懂古诗词、能够教育学生等。
这种实用性加上其他原因，如书面语易于得到，就使得传统语言学家认为，书面语优于口语，口语是语言的滥用。
2．According to M.A.K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be taken into consideration in terms of linguistic events?A．Form.B．Context.C．Substance.D．Culture.正确答案：D解析：韩礼德认为linguistic events应该从三个层面进行研究：substance, form and context，因此排除D。
句子结构
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is a machine that /which can fly.
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
yesterday is Mary.
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. her we saw
The girl
yesterday is Mary.
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. her The girl we saw yesterday is Mary.
并 列 句
需把几个意思连接在一起时， 需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号 或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词 并列连词连接 或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接 起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。 起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。
用分号： 用分号： We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing. 用并列连词（ 用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等） 、 、 、 等 We fished all day, but we didn’t catch a thing. We are good friends and we often go shopping together. I forgot to water the flowers so they died. She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
高等教育自学考试_管理心理学真题2007年下半年_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
高等教育自学考试管理心理学真题2007年下半年(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)一、单项选择题在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的。
1.1958年，专著《管理心理学》的出版，意味着管理心理学作为学科开始登上历史舞台，该著作的作者是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA 梅奥B 闵斯脱博格C 斯腾D 黎维特分值: 1答案:D[解析] 1958年，美国斯坦福大学教授黎维特出版了一本名为《管理心理学》的专著，意味着管理心理学作为学科开始登上历史舞台。
2.在心理科学中，研究群体中人们彼此之间发生相互作用的情况下所产生的心理活动规律的是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA 社会心理学B 工程心理学C 管理心理学D 普通心理学分值: 1答案:A[解析] 社会心理学是心理科学的一个重要部门，它的研究对象是群体中人们彼此之间发生相互作用的情况下所产生的心理活动规律。
3.在人性假设理论中，认为人的一切行为都是为了最大限度满足自己的私利，这是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA “社会人”假设B “经济人”假设C “自我实现人”假设D “复杂人”假设分值: 1答案:B[解析] “经济人”假设认为，人的一切行为都是为了最大限度地满足自己的私利。
人都要争取最大的经济利益，工作是为了获得经济报酬。
4.在科学管理理论中，提出有名的管理七职能论的学者是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA 古利克B 厄威克C 泰罗D 韦伯分值: 1答案:A[解析] 古利克则把各家有关管理职能的理论加以系统化而提出了有名的管理七职能论。
这七种职能是：计划、组织、人事、指挥、协调、报告、预算。
5.不同的气质类型具有不同的行为特征，表现为活泼好动、敏感、反应迅速的气质类型是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA 粘液质B 胆汁质C 多血质D 抑郁质分值: 1答案:C6.在能力的个别差异中，属于质的差异的是( )SSS_SINGLE_SELA 水平差异B 类型差异C 早晚差异D 兴趣差异分值: 1答案:B[解析] 能力的个别差异，既有质的差异，也有量的差异。
2007年6月PRETCO-A级真题试题及解析
2007年6月高等学校英语应用能力A级试题Part II V ocabulary and Structure (15 minutes)Section A16.There are two maps on the wall: one is a map of China, and __________ is a map of the world.A、otherB、anotherC、the otherD、the others17.For years, doctors ___________ millions of patients’ lives with the help of microscopes.A、have savedB、are savingC、will saveD、were saving18.Once more I have to leave Beijing, __________ I have been living for eight years.A、thatB、whereC、whichD、as19.I was almost asleep last night when I suddenly heard someone ___________ at the door.A、be knockingB、knockingC、to knockD、having knocked20.The conferences ___________ in Beijing next week is bound to be a great success.A、holdingB、being heldC、to holdD、to be held21.It wasn’t such a good job ___________ she had read about in the advertisement.A、likeB、whichC、asD、what22.It’s my great honor ____________ to give a speech at the opening ceremony.A、to inviteB、invitingC、having invitedD、to be invited23.Not until yesterday ____________ anything about the project that will be completed soon.A、did I learnB、have I learntC、I learntD、that I learnt24.Thi s problem is _____________ his ability and I don’t think he can solve it.A、toB、inC、beyondD、under25.She didn’t go to the party last night, ____________ she had to finish her term paper.A、have savedB、are savingC、will saveD、were savingSection B26.The engineers spent the whole night (work) on the new device.27.I’m not sure whether we can gain any profit from the(invest) .28.The price of petrol is much(high) now than it was this time last year.29.No one can deny that we (make) tremendous progress in the past twenty years.30.The research group has submitted a report, (suggest) to the nearest hospital for treatment last night.31.The people injured in the accident(send) from the top of the hill, the village is very beautiful.32.The organization started a (nation) campaign against cigarette smoking in public places.33.Application for this training course should be sent (direct) to the admission office.34.It is high time that the manager (pay) more attention to the services for the customers.35.When (ask) about the advertising campaign of the new product, the manager said it was a great success.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, marked 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Everybody had an opinion about telecommuting (远程办公). “It won’t work in most jobs”, “Itcosts too much”, “It reduces air pollution”, “It helps people balance family and work responsibilities”, and “Most people are doing it”.In reality, researchers continue to find strong growth and acceptance of telecommuting. Nearly two-thirds of the top 1000 companies in the world have a telecommuting program, and 92 percent say it reduces cost and improves worker productivity(生产力). The days of everyone commuting to the office five days a week are quickly disappearing.Telecommuting involves a non-traditional work arrangement enabling workers to work at home or elsewhere, some or all of the time. This is not a new, novel, or untested way of working.But is it for you? Telecommuting is not a panacea (万能药). Whether you are a manager, or an HR (Human Resources) specialist, there are decisions to make and actions to take before you begin a telecommuting arrangement.Join us for any or all of the following meetings to get answers, information, and resources to develop and carry out a successful telecommuting arrangement. Each meeting offers you an informative presentation followed by the opportunity for a discussion with a panel of “experts” who have made telecommuting work for them.36. How do people look at telecommuting according to the first paragraph?A、They are against it.B、They don’t care about it.C、They share the same view.D、They differ in their opinions.37. According to the response of most of the top 1000 companies, telecommuting ________.A、increases worker productivityB、will disappear in the near futureC、can not be accepted by the publicD、is practiced in all the top companies38. Which is the following statements is TRUE of telecommuting?A、It is up to the employees to accept it or not.B、It is getting popular in different companies.C、It is a new untested way of working.D、It is a traditional work arrangement.39. Before beginning a telecommuting arrangement, the management should _________.A、appoint a new HR specialist toB、provide the facilities and conditionsC、improve the company’s productivity firstD、decide whether it is suitable for the company40. According to the last paragraph, meetings are held to _________.A、appreciate the efforts of the telecommuting companiesB、discuss the employment of telecommuting expertsC、help introduce the practice of telecommutingD、train people before they start telecommutingTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.Rockwatch—The Best Club on EarthIf you are a young person and interested in geology(地质学), then Rockwatch is the club for you! When you joinNew memberships receive a Rockwatch Rox file each. This has the information and top tips you will need to start enjoying geology. It’s designed to serve as your own fi eld notebook as well.In it you will find yourmembership cardfull color mini-mapthumbs up guidefact cardsRockwatch MagazineOur lively magazine is mailed to members three times a year. They can read reports and news from around the world, and articles on everything from diamonds to dinosaurs(恐龙), earthquakes to erosion(水土流失).Rockwatch EventsWith each magazine you will receive a Rockwatch events calendar. Rocky activities suitable for families are listed and include road shows and guided walks.The Rockwatch Rock ArtistAre you an artist, or a photographer? This is your chance to become Rockwatch Rock Artist of the Year and win amazing prizes in our annual competition.Special OfferRockwatch members can have specially discounted Wildlife Watch memberships. Watch is the biggest environmental action club for young people, with 100 groups across the country. You can join both clubs together by filling in the boxes in the membership form.41. New Rockwatch Rox Club members will obtain a special file when they ________.A、do field workB、join the clubC、buy a field notebookD、start studying geology42. Rockwatch is a magazine telling about things related to ___________.A、geologyB、agricultureC、politicsD、economics43. What activities are specially arranged for Rockwatch members interested in photograph?A、Guided walks.B、Rocky activities.C、Yearly competitions.D、Academic workshops.44. When applying for Wildlife Watch membership, a Rockwatch member can enjoy _________.A、free membershipB、a special discountC、a Rock Artist prizeD、guided road shows45. You may join both Rockwatch and Wildlife Watch clubs by ___________.A、calling the two clubsB、providing referencesC、applying separatelyD、filling in one form Task 3Directions: The following is an advertisement. After reading it, you should complete the information by filling in the blanks marker 46 to 50 in not more than 3 words in the table below. NUROFEN RECOVERY (纽洛芬去痛片)Please read these instructions carefully before you take this medicine.Nurofen Recovery dissolves(溶解) quickly on the tongue without the need to use water. It delivers effective relief from headaches.You should not take Nurofen Recovery if:-- you have had an allergic (过敏的) reaction to aspirin (阿司匹林)-- you have had a worsening of asthma (哮喘) when taking aspirin or similar medicines-- you are under 12 years of ageAdministrationPlace a tablet on the tongue, allow it to dissolve and then swallow—no water is required. Adults, the elderly and children of 12 years and older:Take 2 tablets, then if necessary, take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours. Do not exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours. Not suitable for children under 12 years.Warnings:If you take too many tablets by mistake, contact your doctor as soon as possible.If symptoms persist or if new symptoms occur, consult your doctor.Possible side effects:Stomach discomfort or pain, worsening of asthma or shortness of breath. If you experience any of these, stop taking the tablets and see your doctor.NUROFEN RECOVERYFunction: delivering(46) to live a healthier lifeDoctors’ advice and other(47) .People not intended for:1) patients with an allergic reaction to aspirin2) patients having asthma when taking aspirin3) children under the age of(48)Dosage:1) Staring Dose: 2 tablets2) If necessary: take 1 or 2 tablets (49)3) Maximum daily intake: 6 tabletsPossible side effects:1) stomach discomfort2) worsening of asthma3) (50)Task 4Directions: The following is a list of terms frequently used in medical services. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与……等同)those given in Chinese in the list below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered51 through 55.A ---------- Waiting and BoardingB ---------- Luggage DeliveryC ---------- Inspection and QuarantineD ---------- Getting a Boarding PassE ---------- Security CheckF ---------- Domestic DepartureG ---------- Over-sized Luggage Checked-inH ---------- Goods Prohibited to be Hand-carriedI---------- Duty-free ArticlesJ ---------- Customs Declaration FormK ---------- Quantity Allowed to TakeL ---------- Regulations on Restriction of LiquidsM ---------- Temporary Boarding ID CardN ---------- Guide to Outgoing PassengersO ---------- Goods Prohibited to Exit the CountryP ---------- Restriction of Hand Carry-on ArticlesQ ---------- Detection PassageExample: (L) 限定液体物品的规定(C) 检查与检疫51. 离港旅客指南领取登机牌52. 禁止携带出境的物品大件行李托运53. 候机/登机禁止随身携带的物品54. 限带物品数量检查通道55. 海关申报表免税物品Task 5Directions: There is an advertisement blow. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements that follow the questions (No. 56 to No. 60). You should write your answers in no more than 3 words on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.When you buy life insurance, you want a policy that fits your needs at a reasonable cost. Your first step is to determine how much life insurance you need. Next, you need to decide how much money you can afford to pay. Finally, you must choose the type of policy that meets your coverage (保险类别) goals and fits into your financial plan. Once you have completed these steps, you will be able to move ahead and contact several life insurance companies through an agent who will shop for the right type of policy for you.There are many reasons for purchasing life insurance, among which are the following:1. Insurance to provide family protection and financial security to surviving family members upon the death of the insured person.2. Insurance to cover a particular need upon the insured’s death such as paying off a mortgage or other debts.56. What should you take into consideration when choosing a life insurance policy?Both your needs and the .57. What’s the relationship between the type of policy and your finan cial plan?The type of policy should meet your .58. Who can help you buy the right type of policy from an insurance company? .59. Who will benefit from the life insurance upon the death of the insured person?Surviving .60. What is the second goal for buying life insurance?To pay off a mortgage or after death.Part IV Translation English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part, numbered 61 to 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the four sentences (NO. 61 to NO. 64) is followed by four choices of suggested Chinese translation marked A, B, C and D. Mark the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Write your translation of the paragraph (No. 65) in the corresponding space on the Translation / Composition Sheet.61.If you are taking care of an aging parent or know someone who is, this 30-page booklet may be of great help to you.A) 假如你注意的话，你会知道这本小册子有30页，会对你的父母和你认识的人很有用。
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士教育学A卷真题2007年
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士教育学A卷真题2007年(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、选择题(每小题1分，共10分)(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.在各种社会因素中，决定受教育权利的因素是____。
（分数：1.00）A.生产力水平B.政治经济制度√C.科学技术D.文化传统解析：2.《学记》中“时教必有正业，退息必有居学”一句所论述的主题相当于现代教育中____。
（分数：1.00）A.课堂教学和课外活动的关系√B.科学教育与人文教育的关系C.接受性学习与研究性学习的关系D.教师的教和学生的学的关系解析：3.从个体身心发展动因角度来看，“树大自然直”的说法反映了____观点。
（分数：1.00）A.多因素作用论B.白板论C.内发论√D.外铄论解析：4.围绕人类的基本活动确定中心学习内容的课程类型是____。
（分数：1.00）A.学科课程B.综合课程C.活动课程D.核心课程√解析：5.强调教学活动是间接经验的习得，提出这一观点的是____。
（分数：1.00）A.行为主义B.科学主义C.主知主义√D.人本主义解析：6.体现教学过程中科学实践观与主体能动性统一的学习方式是____。
（分数：1.00）A.选择性学习B.参与性学习√C.自主性学习D.合作学习解析：7.最早对班级授课制进行研究，确定了班级授课制基本轮廓的是____。
（分数：1.00）A.赫尔巴特B.凯洛夫C.夸美纽斯√D.杜威解析：8.区别一名普通教师和优秀教师的真正标志是____。
（分数：1.00）A.有远大的教育理想B.为学生个性的发展提供充分的机会和良好的氛围√C.具有符合时代精神的教育理念D.在教学中体现教育实践智慧解析：9.杜威主张____。
（分数：1.00）A.道德教育应首先将儿童作为一个有机整体来进行√B.社会环境对儿童道德发展有巨大刺激作用C.没有自由教育就没有真正的教育D.学校教育的理想是培养全面和谐发展的人解析：10.班级建设的起始阶段重点在____。
研究生学位英语2007年6月真题(附答案)
2007-6Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points)Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music. B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant. C. At the supermarket. D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen. B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier. B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator, C. A nurse. D. A dentist.6. A. $0.35 B. $3.50 C. $3.05 D. $30.57. A. He had something wrong with his watch. B. He thought the meeting was for a different day.C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer. B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man.Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee. B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity. B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat. B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t want to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a good night’s sleep:17. 1)___________________________________________18. 2)___________________________________________19. 3)___________________________________________20. 4)___________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______betweenthe rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what manypeople had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparklingPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6ْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees?Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。
6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)
2007-6PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B point each)dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an evendeeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparklingPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.' Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall duringnighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly aboutA. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hallWednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warmingA. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centersstimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would causeْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmedthe world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left AloneB. Why Green Trees Might Not Be GreenC. How to Help Green Trees SurviveD. How to Go Green with Green TreesPassage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students andresidents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedbackA. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。
2007年6月PRETCO
2007年6月PRETCO(A级)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sectionsSection ADirections:This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 hoices marked A),B),C),and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read: A.New York City B.An evening partyC.An air tripD.The man’s jobFrom the dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New York.Therefore,C)An air trip is the correct answer.You should mark C on the answer sheet with a single line through the center .Now the test will begin.1.A.He’ll have a conference next Friday.B.He has returned from a conference.C.He won’t be available until next Friday.D.He’s waiting for the man in his office2.A.Husband and wifeB.Waitress and guestC.Boss and secretaryD.Doctor and patient3.A. Talk with John about his studyB Take John to a doctorC Study math with JohnD Ask John to be their tutor4.A The woman has just been to ChicagoB The man knows little about ChicagoC.The woman likes Chicago very muchD.The man doesn’t like the climate in Chicago5.A Stay at the present jobB Take another interviewC.Work with his fatherD Start his own companySECTION BDirections:This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After eachconversation,there are some recorded questions.Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times.When you hear a question,you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A),B),C),and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with single line through the center.Conversation 16. A .Mr. SmithB.Miss WhiteC Miss SmithD Mr.Brown7.A. The telephone numberB.Mr.Brown’s addressC Miss Smith’s messageD The time for the visitConversation 28.A By ship B By train C By plane D By bus9.A Thirty days B Three weeksC twenty daysD Two weeks10.A.Happy B.Frightened C.Excited D.SadSection CDirections:This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages.You will hear a recorded passage.After that you will hear five questions.Both the passage and the questions will be read two times.When you hear a questions,you should complete the answer to it with a word or a short phrase(in no more than3words).The questions and incomplete answers are printed in your test paper.You should write your answers on the Answer sheet correspondingly. Now Listen to the passage.11.What does your doctor usually advise you to do when you’re quite sick?To__________________________________________________12.What does the speaker think of following a doctor’advice? Following a doctor’s advice is not always____________________13.What will keep a sick man working when he should have gone to bed? The stress of his_______________________________________14What will happen to the person who doesn’t take medicines properly? The medicines will do the person_________________________15.How should a person rest during an illness?He should rest both his body and___________________________。
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2007年6月学位真题Part II Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A ( 0.5 point each)21. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A dashedB filedC strolledD swarmed22. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A compellingB rationalC ridiculousD ambiguous23. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A supportB restrictC raiseD modify24. Patien ts are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A improve onB abide byC draw uponD reflect on25. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A abundantB controversialC conductiveD convincing26. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A more wealthyB less successfulC dismissed earlierD favorably positioned27.If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater e ffort and also create positive momentum.A influenceB strengthC outlookD consequence28. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A believedB discardedC advocatedD confirmed29. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A assessingB cuttingC elevatingD altering30. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control .A joinedB ascribedC fastenedD divertedSection B (0.5 point each)31. It takes a year for the earth to make each ___ , or revolution, around the sun.A tourB travelC visitD trip32. ___this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A Tied up withB Fed up withC Wrapped up inD Piled up with33. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his ___ home.A humbleB obscureC inferiorD lower34. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from _____ as possible.A humidityB humanityC harmonyD honesty35. As an important ___ for our emotions and ideas, music an play a huge role in our life.A vesselB vestC ventureD vehicle36. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___ six years of instruction.A set aboutB run forC sit throughD make for37. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ___ between the rich and poor.A boundaryB differenceC wedgeD variation38. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ___ the soils on his farm.A accustomed toB committed toC applied toD suited to39. The sun is so large that if it were ___, it would hold a million earths.A elegantB immenseC hollowD clumsy40. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would ___her to a high risk.A exposeB leadC contributeD sendPart III Cloze Test ( 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University’s under-graduate is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the f aculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard’s curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.“Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disci plinary research, and science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.“46 ” studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a univ ersity in China.”It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required “core curriculum”. The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized “ways of knowing.”Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 “Harvard College Courses”, emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Bebedict Gross, Harward College dean.41. A reviewing B inspecting C searching D underlying42. A in accordance with B in line with C in response to D in charge of43. A uphold B update C upset D upward44. A note-worthy B trust-worthy C praise-worthy D reward-worthy45. A turn out B turn in C turn over D turn to46. A In spite of B As if C Rather than D Let alone47. A perish B destroy C denounce D abolish48. A appropriate B imaginative C specific D special49. A optional B optical C opposite D optimistic50. A sparing B spiraling C sparkling D spanningPart IV Reading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source----exhaustfumes. Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A How to fight air pollution in big cities.B How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C How serious air pollution is in big cities.D How to breathe fresh air in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities ____A can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster.B cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl.C can be more serious that we used to think .D can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster.53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ____A where the wind is going .B where the wind is coming.C where the wind is weakerD where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _____A on the right side in the busB on the left side of the bus .C in the middle of the busD at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ____A people should not take street level transportationＢtiny iron particles will not cause health problems.Ｃtraveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus.D air pollution on an underground train is less poisonous.56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ____A wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce.B stay away from the traffic as far as possible.C hold you breath until you get to the other side of the street.D count down for the light to change.Passage TwoThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervisingphysicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked. Residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly a the bottom of the heap.The students whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation ? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, “The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring.” But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback ----positive and negative ---about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient’s benefit, is whistle-blowing.57. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy ____A is useful to the people on the lower layer.B is built on a performance-reward system.C is a barrier to the exchange of medical views.D is an effective way of teaching medical views.58. “the benefit of the doubt” in Paragraph 5 shows that _____A the student was not quite certain that she was right.B the resident did not respond to the student’s doubt.C the student was denied the chance to doubt the superior.D the resident benefited from the student’s suggestion.59. James Dwyer’s words mean that ____A students should learn to speak both kindly and professionally.B students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patients.C students should retain their faith even after facing some difficulties.D students should be educated on who to care more about the patients.60. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A ConfusedB IndifferentC ReluctantD Enthusiastic61. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical students ____A will remain for a long timeB will disappear in the near future.C should not be exaggerated.D can’t be solved successfully.62. The passage focuses on ___A the development of teaching hospitals’ hierarchies.B different roles in teaching hospitals’ hierarchies.C the future reform on teaching hospitals’ hierarchies.D the problems caused by teaching hospitals’ hierarchies.Passage ThreeGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere , global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “ Wouldn’t it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia, such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if , when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider.“This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,” Alley sai d.63. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming ____A can be easedB can be endedC will become worseD will last for decades.64. Ally’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___A abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns.B subtle changes in atmospheric patterns.C humans’ burning of fossil fuel .D increasing levels of carbon dioxide.65. The word “upbeat” ( in paragraph 3) probably means “_______”A pessimisticB optimisticC worriedD insensible66. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.67. Alley predicts that global warming could turn European and parts of eastern North America into ___A a region like SiberiaB A warmer and warmer placeC a tropical regionD a place like North Pole68. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is ___A lack of harmonyB violenceC global warmingD climate shiftPassage FourWe’re talking about money here, and the things you buy with it---and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most culture, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It’s nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don’t work out that way. They point to an idea called the “paradox of thrift.” Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That w ay, you don’t have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It’s a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about level of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won’t buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful .If you think you really want that product because it’s beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product. 6969. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _______A enjoy their present life as much as possible.B spend every penny they have earned.C save every penny for the future.D save some money for later use.70. According to the context, “paradox” ( in Paragraph 2) probably means “_______”.A contradictionB hypothesisC declarationD assertion71. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United States ________A have to work hard to make ends meetB spend more than they can afford.C have trouble in paying back their debts.D don’t pay back their debts on time .72. According to the recent studies made by economists, people ____A take pleasures in buying useless things.B won’t buy things that they need.C spend their money irrationallyD make rational choices while spending their money.73. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because ____A they like keeping their money in the bank.B they will feel safe if they save enough money for the future.C they don’t want to spend their money on useless things.D spending money gives them pain74. The passage mainly tells us ________A how to spend our money.B It is better to save some money for the future.C It is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spending.D how to form a habit of rational spending.Passage FiveTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world’s trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world’s temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun’s heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala’s model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.30 C temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6 0 C of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3 0 C cooler than otherwise.No one, of co urse, would consider chopping down the world’s forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr. Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down lead mostly to local cooling the carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralize carbon emissions has become a big business: ￡60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from ￡20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach ￡300m.75. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their ____A deep colorB round shapeC enormous sizeD high reflectivity76. Dr Bala’s Integrated Climate and Carbon Model ________A supports the findings of other climate models.B is based on the results of other climate models.C uses a system different from other climate models.D challenges the basic theory of other climate models.77. Based on Dr Bala’s model, a treeless world would _________A cause serious environmental problems.B prove helpful in fighting global warming.C make it difficult to deal with climate changeD raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature78. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be _____A North AmericaB EuropeC High-latitude countriesD tropical countries79. As is shown in the passage , criticism from other climate scientists ____A should be taken rather seriouslyB is unreasonable and far-fetchedC involves mostly economic interestsD is voiced on behalf of the government80. The best title for the passage is ______A Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B Why Green Trees Might Not Green?C How to Help Green Trees Survive?D How to Go Green with Green Trees?Paper TwoPart V Translation ( 30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they can’t begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation.Section B ( 15 minutes, 10 points)中国可持续性发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。