英语虚拟语气详解历年高考真题训练

虚拟语气第一节语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。

不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。

第二节虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。

NO TE：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：１．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．２．在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用一、虚拟语气在主语从句中A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ....” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如：It’ s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative （迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。

B Itis demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。

It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C.It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder proposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。

It’ s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.二、用于宾语从句用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。

insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。

The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．三、用于表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should 可以省略．My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。

The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。

第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．It’ s high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。

2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊；但愿)；2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。

用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示；If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。

例如：If only I had listened to the doctor’ s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。

3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。

这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望3.1 表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后+主语+动词过去时。

例如：I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。

I would sooner my daughter attended a public school.但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。

I would prefer he didn’ t stay here too long.我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。

3.2 表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。

例如：I would rather I hadn’ t seen that film yesterday.我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。

4. as if ( as though) 看起来even if ( even though)即使常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done)，would/could +动词原形。

例如：The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。

（act与were发生在同一时间平面上）He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there 发生在talkes之前) 他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。

She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 发生) 她常常讲起来没完没了。

5. 虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)＋动词原形"或"should＋动词原形"。

在以lest 引导的从句中，谓语动词用"should＋动词原形"。

例如：He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。

He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。

He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。

6.wish 后面的宾语从句中，一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。

其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时(表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望)I wish I were a bird. （were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上）表过去过去完成时（从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词）I wish you had come to our Christmas party.表将来would, might, could＋动词原形（从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在）I wish that the rain could stop soon.虚拟语气专项练习1. Jack wishes that he _____ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studiedB. had been studyingC. studyD. had studied2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had lostB. would loseC. would have lostD. should have lost3. It is essential that these application forms _____ back as early as possible.A. must be sentB. are sentC. will be sentD. be sent. It is important that the hotel receptionist _____ that guests are registered correctly.A. has made sureB. must make sureC. made sureD. make sure5. It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.A. must be sentB. be sentC. would be sentD. were sent6. It’ s necessary _____ the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnC. that he returnedD. that he has to return7. It is important that enough money _____ to fund the project.A. be collectedB. was collectedC. must be collectedD. can be collected8. I don’ t think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. be assignedC. will be assignedD. has been assigned9. The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A. would presentB. presentC. ought to presentD. presents10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _____.A. be put offB. should put offC. was put offD. is to put off11. You _____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldn’ t have been followingB. mustn’ t followC. couldn’ t have been followingD. shouldn’ t follow12. The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office.A. does not workB. had not workedC. not to workD. did not work13. Wouldn’ t you rather your child _____ to bed early?A. goB. would goC. wentD. goes14. I’ d rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. don’ tB. didn’ tC. wouldn’ tD. shouldn’ t15. Mike’ s uncle insists _____ in this hotel.A. staying notB. that he would not stayC. not to stayD. that he not stay16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense.A. had been takenB. be takenC. would be takenD. to be taken17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _____ after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud musicB. don’ t play loud musicC. shouldn’ t play loud musicD. couldn’ t play loud music18. We desire that the tour leader ____ us immediately of any change in plans.A. informB. informsC. informedD. has informed19. He suggested _____ to tomorrow’ s exhibition together.A. us to goB. we shall goC. we wentD. we go20. Sometimes I wish I _____ in a different time and a different place.A. be livingB. would liveC. were livingD. would have lived21. I wish I _____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. might have sleptC. sleptD. have slept22. Jean doesn’ t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn’ t be able to see her friends very often.A. has to getB. had gotC. were to getD. could have got23. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not plannedB. had not been plannedC. has not been plannedD. were not planned24. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.A. must have got throughB. would get throughC. would have got throughD. could get through25. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Were they arrivingC. Would they arriveD. Were they to arrive 26. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. Were she to leaveC. If she leavesD. If she had left27. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Without beingC. Had it not beenD. Not having been28. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. Weren’ t itC. It were notD. Had not it been29. If it _____ too much trouble, I’ d love a cup of tea.A. isn’ tB. weren’ tC. wasn’ tD. hadn’ t been30. If I hadn’ t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.A. wouldn’ t be smilingB. won’ t smileC. couldn’ t have smiledD. didn’ t smile31. We didn’ t know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.A. would have telephonedB. would telephoneC. must have telephonedD. had telephoned32. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.A. would have been hereB. should be hereC. had to be hereD. would be here33. Some women ____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made34. We _____ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.A. have hopedB. had hopedC. would hopeD. should hope35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.A. injureB. injuredC. had injuredD. would injure36. "You are very selfish. It’ s high time you _______ that you are not the most important person in the world", Edgar said to his boss angrily.A. realizedB. realizeC. have realizedD. should realize37. It’ s already 5 o’ clock now. Don’ t you think it’ s about time _____ ?A. we are going homeB. we went homeC. we go homeD. we can go home38. If only the committee _____ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A. approveB. can approveC. will approveD. would approve39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice.A. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed40. I’ m sure he is up to the job ____ he would give his mind to it.A. if onlyB. in caseC. untilD. unless虚拟语气历年高考题1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had2. If my car ____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer.A. wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be3. We ____ the difficulty together, but why didn’ t you tell me?A. should faceB. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited5. Grace doesn’ t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ____ there, she wouldn’ t be able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. having askedD. were to live6. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’ t think we ____ it without you.A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed8. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be9. --- Do you mind if I open the window? --- ____ I feel a bit cold.A. Of course not.B. I’ d rather you didn’ t.C. Go ahead.D. Why not?10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn’ t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall11. What would have happened ____, as far as the riverbank?A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther12. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored13. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’ t suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie14. Without the air to hold some of the sun’ s heat, the earth at night ___ , too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly15. You didn’ t let me drive. If we ___ in turn, you ____ so tired.A. drove; didn’ t getB. drove; wouldn’ t getC. were driving; wouldn’ t getD. had driven; wouldn’ t have got16. _____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not17. Jane’ s pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.A. be; should haveB. was; haveC. should be; hadD. was; has18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come19. ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will20. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beD. had been21. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.A．rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining22. They ___ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’ d never have been able to afford to go.A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get23. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he ___ to Miami but to New York? --- I agree, but the problem is ___ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energyA．would have been saved B．had been savedC．will be saved D．was saved25. John went to the hospital alone. If he ____ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told26. ---- The weather has been very hot and dry.---- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ________.A. wouldn’ t dieB. didn’ t dieC. hadn’ t diedD. wouldn’ t have died27. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he____more on its culture.A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused28. If we _____ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken29. --- Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. --- I _____ it, but I was busy preparing fora job interview.A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended30. —Where are the children? The dinner’ s going to be completely ruined．—I wish they ____ always late．A. weren’ tB. hadn’ t beenC. wouldn’ t beD. wouldn’ t have been答案与解析1. D译文：杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史。