英国文学史及作品选读Chapter9
英国文学简史及作品选读大纲目录
《英国文学史及作品选读》教学大纲一、课程说明1. 课程代码：1070138212. 课程中文名称：英国文学史及作品选读3. 课程英文名称：History and Selected Readings of English Literature4. 课程总学时数：325. 课程学分数：26. 授课对象：英语专业学生三年级7. 本课程的性质、地位和作用本课程为面向英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业选修课，在学科体系中居重要地位。
要求学生以先修英语阅读、综合英语、英美文化和英美概况等课程为基础。
通过教学，使学生对英国文学有一个概观了解，同时初步培养学生对英国文学作品的鉴赏能力，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。
该课程有助于增强学生的语言基本功，丰富学生的人文知识、充实学生的文化修养，提高学生的精神素质。
二、教学基本要求1. 本课程的目的、任务英国文学史及文学作品包含着历史的记忆和哲学的睿智，是英语语言艺术的结晶。
本课程旨在介绍英国文学各个时期的主要文化思潮，文学流派，主要作家及其代表作，使学生对英国文学的发展脉络有一个大概的了解和认识，提高他们对文学作品的阅读鉴赏能力，并能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。
要求学生在阅读和分析英国文学作品的基础上了解英国的历史、社会、政治等方面的情况及传统，促进学生对西方文学及文化的了解，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性，培养学生对作品的洞察批判能力，从而丰富提升学生人文素养。
2. 本课程的教学要求了解英国文学的发展概况，熟悉发展过程中出现的历史事件，文学思潮，文学流派；熟悉具体作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色和所属流派；能读懂代表作家的经典作品，并能分析评介作品的主题思想，人物形象，篇章结构、语言特点、修辞手法、文体风格；能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法，对重要的文学术语有相当的了解并能在文学批评中加以运用。
本课程以代表作家的经典作品的主题思想、人物形象、文体风格、语言特点及其在文学史上的地位与影响为教学重点。
英国文学 教案 Lecture 12
授课时间
2017-2018学年第二学期
05.13-05.19
授课对象
15-17级各专业选修生
授课主题
Lecture 12
Chapter 9 Social Images in 19th-Century English Novels
教学目的与 要 求
1 Help the students know about the historical background of the Victorian Age, especially the achievements in novels of the Victorian Age.
●But the last three decades of the century witnessed the decline of the BritishEmpire and the glory of the Victorian values. Beginning from the 70’s, a sharp decline occurred with economic depressions, agricultural failures, and the flooding ofAustralian wool and American wheat. Domestic balance of power, which used to be the Whigs and Tories, was also threatened with the growth of labour as a political and economic force. Class struggle was intensified in the last two decades of the 19thcentury.
英国文学史及作品选读秋季学期 (秋季学期)
I.Multiple choicePart 11._______, the ―father of English poetry‖and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, wasborn in London about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden2 The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the_______.A. FrenchB. LatinC. romanceD. science3.Angles, Saxons and ______ usually known as Anglo-Saxons are the first Englishmen. Language spokenby them is called the Old English, which is the foundation of English language and literature.A. JutesB. LatinC. NormanceD. English4.The literature of the Anglos-Saxon Period falls naturally into two divisions,________ and Christian.,A. romanceB. paganC. poemD. play5.In the 14th century, the two most important writers are Chaucer and ________A. LilyB. ByronC. MiltonD. Langland6.The Revolution Period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, whose nameis________.A. MiltonB. MoreC. BunyanD. Bacon7.The 15th century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is thespring tide of English_______.A. poemsB. playsC. essaysD. ballads8.―The Canterbury Tales‖ opens with a general Prologue where we are told of a company of pilgrims thatgathered at ______Inn in Southwark, a suburb of London.A. TarbardB. LondonC. SwanD. English9.Thomas More wrote his famous prose work ―__________‖A. ―Of Studies‖B. UtopiaC. On his blindnessD. ―Hamlet‖10. In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, ______occupied the most importantA. MoreB. MiltonC. BaconD. Bunyan11. Who of the following were the important metaphysical poets.A. John DonneB. John BunyanC. John MiltonD. Lovelace12. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was ________ whomade blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.A. Christopher MarloweB. Thomas LogeC. Edmund SpenserD. Thomas More13. _______ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Philip SidneyD. Thomas Campion14. Which play is not a comedy?A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. Romeo and JulietD. As you Like It15 Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A. ―She Stoops to Conquer‖B. ―The Rivals‖C. ―The School for Scandal‖D. ―The Conscious Lovers‖16. ―________‖ , written in heroic couplet by Pope, was a manifesto of English neo-classicism as Pope putforward his aesthetic theories in it.A. An Essay of Dramatic PoesyB. An Essay on CriticismC. The Advance of LearningD. An Essay on Man17. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, the Whigs and the Tories,which were satirized by Swift in his ―________‖A. Gulliver’s TravelsB. A Tale of a TubC. The Battle of the BooksD. A Modest Proposal18. Thomas Gray’s masterpiece, ―__________‖once and for all established his fame as the leader of thesentimental poetry of the day, especially ―The Graveyard School‖A. Ode on the SpringB. Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton CollegeC. Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardD. Hymn to Adversity19 _______ was regarded as ―Father of the English Novel‖, for his contribution to the establishment of theform of the modern novel.A. Daniel DefoeB. Jonathan SwiftC. Jane AustenD. Henry Fielding20 .In the last twenty years of the 18th century England produced two great romantic poets. They are ______.A. Johnson and BlakeB. Gray and YoungC. Pope and GoldsmithD. Blake and BurnsKey to part 11.A2. C3. A4.B5.D6.A7.D8.A9. B 10. D 11.A 12.A. 13.A 14.C.15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D1.Chaucer died on the 25th of October 1400, and was buried in _______.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey2.Angles, Saxons and Jutes usually know as Anglo-Saxons are the first Englishmen. Language spoken bythem is called the ______, which is the foundation of English language and literature.A. Old EnglishB. Modern EnglishC. Anglo EnglishD. Jute’s English3.The literature of the Anglos-Saxon Period falls naturally into two divisions,________ and Christian.,A. paganB. poetC. romanceD. novel4.The 15th century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is thespring tide of English_______.A. poemsB. playsC. essaysD. ballads5.Chaucer’s work ― _________‖ gives us a picture of the condition of English life of his day, such as itswork and play, its deeds and dreams, its fun and sympathy.A. ―The Canterbury Tales‖B. ―A Red ,Red Rose‖C. ―On His Blindness‖D. ―As You Like It‖6. In Elizabethan Period, _________wrote many excellent essays such as―Of Studies‖.A. John MiltonB. John LylyC. Thomas MoreD. Francis Bacon7.________is the greatest writer of the 17th century, and one of the giants of English literature.A. ShakespeareB. Thomas MoreC. John MiltonD. Bacon8. _______ was the most gifted of the university wits. He produced in allsix plays and several poems.A. John MiltonB. Thomas MoreC. Christopher MarloweD. Francis Bacon9. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist _____wrote his ―Utopia‖ in which he gave a profound and truthful pictureof the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Shakespeare10.English Renaissance Period was an age of ________.A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs11.______ wrote his masterpiece ― The Pilgrim’s Progress‖ during hissecond imprisonment.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. Thomas MoreD. John Donne12.Most of the English writers in the 18th century were enlighteners. Theyfell into two groups, one is ______, and the other is____.A. the moderate group; the radical groupB. the passive Romantic poets; the active Romanic poetsC. the Metaphysical poets; the Cavalier poetsD. the lakers; the sentimentalists.13. _______ was regarded as ―Father of the English Novel‖, for his contributionto the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. Daniel DefoeB. Jonathan SwiftC. Jane AustenD. Henry Fielding14._______ compiled the ―The Dictionary of the English language‖ whichbecame the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.A. Ben JohnsonB. Samuel JohnsonC. Alexander PopeD. John Dryden15.Among the following which is Sheridan’s comedy?A. ―The Rivals‖ B ―She stoops to Conquer‖C. ―V olpone‖D. ―Everyone in His Humor‖16.Which two periodicals were Steele and Addison’s chief contribution toEnglish literature?A. ―The Tatler‖ and ―The Spectator‖B. ―The Rambler‖ and ―The Spectator‖C. ―The Tatler‖ and ―The Review‖D. ―The Spectator‖ and ―The Review‖17.__________ was Pope’s poem which satirized the idle and artificial life of the aristocracy.A. ―The Rape of the Lock‖B. ―The Rape of Lucrece‖C. ―The School for Scandal‖D. ―Everyone Man in His Humour‖18. Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century?A. GoldsmithB. SheridanC. SterneD. Fielding19Who of the following was the important metaphysical poet?A. John DonneB. John BunyanC. John MiltonD. Richard Lovelace20. ―Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?‖ This is the beginning line of Shakespeare’s _______A. songB. playC. comedyD. sonnetPart 21.Generally speaking, Chaucer’s works fall into three main groups corresponding roughly to the threeperiods of his adult life. Which period is wrong?A.The period of French influence (1359-1372)B.The period of Italian influence (1372-1386)C.The period of English influence (1386-1400)D.The period of American influence (1371-1382)2.______, Saxons and Jutes usually known as Anglo-Saxons are the first Englishmen. Language spoken bythem is called the Old English, which is the foundation of English language and literature.A. NormanB. FrenchC. AnglesD. English3.The literature of the Anglos-Saxon Period falls naturally into two divisions,________ and Christian.A. poemB. playC. paganD. poetry4._________, the two most important writers are Chaucer and Langland.A. In the 13th centuryB. In the 14th centuryC. In the 15th centuryD. In the 16th century5.The 15th century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is thespring tide of English_______.A. balladsB. playsC. poemsD. essays6.In Elizabethan Period, _____wrote more than fifty excellent essays, which made him of the best essayistsin English literature.A.John MiltonB. Thomas MoreC. Francis BaconD. Robert Burns7. In the Revolution Period ________towers over his age as William Shakespeare towers over theElizabethan age and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval period.A. William BlakeB. Christopher MarloweC. John MiltonD. Thomas More8. In Milton’s works, ______is the greatest, indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in Englishliterature since ―Beowulf‖A. ―Paradise Lost‖B. ―Paradise Regained‖C. ―Samson Agonistes‖D. ―Lycidas‖9. _______ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature?A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Philip SidneyD. Thomas Canpion10. ______ is not the best representative of the English humanists in the Renaissance.A. Thomas MoreB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Edmund Spenser11. ______is regarded as the pioneer of English drama.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Edmund SpenserD. John Donne12. English Renaissance Period was an age of _________.A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and song10.______was regarded as ―Father of the English Novel‖, for his contribution to the establishment of theform of the modern level.A. Daniel DefoeB. Jonathan SwiftC. Henry FieldingD. Jane Austen14. English Renaissance Period was not an age of prose, but Thomas More wrote his famous prose work―________‖.A. UtopiaB. Robinson CrusoeC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. Of StudiesKeys to part 21.D2. C3.C4. B5. A6.C7. C8.A9. A 10. D 11. B 12.B 13C 14.APart 31. ______ is often referred to as ―the father of English poetry‖. .A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Pope2. All the following famous writers were living in Elizabethan period except ___________ .A. ShakespeareB. MarloweC. PopeD. Jonson3. A _____ is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed.A. balladB. dramaC. novelD. sonnet4.The literature of the Anglos-Saxon Period falls naturally into two divisions,________ and Christian.,A. romanceB. paganC. poemD. play5.The Revolution Period produced one of the most important poet in English literature, whose nameis________.A. MiltonB. MoreC. BunyanD. Bacon6. The English language underwent a great change as a result of _____.A. the Norman ConquestB. RenaissanceC. the Roman ConquestD. the Danish invasion7. ―The Canterbury Tales‖ opens with a general Prologue where we are told of a company of pilgrims thatgathered at ______Inn in Southwark, a suburb of London.A. TabardB. LondonC. SwanD. English8. Thomas More wrote his famous prose work __________A. ―Of Studies‖B. ―Utopia‖C. ―On his blindness‖D. ―Hamlet‖9. Who of the following was the important metaphysical poet ?A. John DonneB. John BunyanC. John MiltonD. Lovelace10. ―_______‖ is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the Englishlanguage.A. BeowulfB. OdysseyC. King ArthurD. Illiad11. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of Englishdrama. It was ______ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.A. Christopher MarloweB. Thomas LodgeC. Edmund SpenserD. Thomas More12. _______ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Philip SidneyD. Thomas Campion13. Apart from being a great ____, Bacon was the _____ of modern science .A. essayist, founderB. politician, discovererC. novelist, founderD. judge, advocate14. Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A. ―She Stoops to Conquer‖B. ―The Rivals‖C. ―The School for Scandal‖D. ―The Conscious Lovers‖15. ―________‖ , writt en in heroic couplet by Pope, was a manifesto of Englishneo-classicism as Pope put forward his aesthetic theories in it.A. An Essay of Dramatic PoesyB. An Essay on CriticismC. The Advance of LearningD. An Essay on Man16. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two politicalparties, the Whigs and the Tories, which were satirized by Swift in his ____A.Gulliver’s TravelsB. A Tale of a TubC. The Battle of the BooksD. A Modest Proposal17. Thomas Gray’s masterpiece, ―__________‖ once and for all establishedhis fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially―The Graveyard School‖A. Ode on the SpringB. Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton CollegeC. Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardD. Hymn to Adversity18. _______ was regarded as ―Father of the English Novel‖, for his contribution to the establishment of theform of the modern novel.A. Daniel DefoeB. Jonathan SwiftC. Jane AustenD. Henry Fielding19. _____ is Milton’s masterpiece, which is ____ consisting of _____books.A. ―Paradise Regained‖, a play, 11B. ―Paradise Lost‖, an epic, 12C. ―Samson Agonistes‖, a poem, 13D. ―Lycidas‖, a lyric, 1020. ______ contributed many articles to the Tatler.A. AddisonB. PopeC. SwiftD. Milton21. The Neo-classical writers modeled themselves on _______ authors, and tried to control literary creationby ______.A. Elizabethan, blank verseB. Caroline, drama onlyC. ancient Greek and Roman, fixed lawsD. Jacobean, religion22. Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century?A. GoldsmithB. SheridanC. SterneD. Fielding23 ―Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?‖ This is the beginning line of Shakespeare’s _______A. songB. playC. comedyD. sonnet24. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the ______.A. essayB. novelC. romanceD. drama25. Most of the English writers in the 18th century were enlighteners. They fell into two groups, one is ______,and the other is _____.A. the moderate group; the radical groupB. the passive Romantic poets; the active Romantic poetsC. the Metaphysical poets; the Cavalier poetsD. the lakers; the sentimentalistsKey to part 31—5 CCABA 6—10 AABAA 11—15 AAACB 16—20 ACDBA21—25 CBDCAPart 4( ) 1. A ballad is a story told in ____, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the ___ and the_____ lines rhymed.A. poetry, first, thirdB. drama, first, fourthC. song, second, fourthD. words, second, third( )2. Many words and terms came into the English language as a result of _____.A. the Norman ConquestB. RenaissanceC. the Roman ConquestD. the Danish invasion( )3. William Shakespeare was fortunate to be living in the ______ period.A. CarolineB. ElizabethanC. VictorianD. Jacobean( ) 4. ―The Canterbury Tales‖ was written in ___ period of Chaucer’s writing career.A. the firstB. the secondC. the third C. the fourth( ) 5. Chaucer is often referred to as ―the father of English poetry‖ because he_____ .A. was the first poet in EnglandB. was the poet laureate in his timeC. first used English in his poetryD. he introduced French form( ) 6. Apart from being a great ____, Bacon was the _____ of modern science .A. essayist, founderB. politician, discovererC. novelist, founderD. judge, advocate( ) 7. . ―Beowulf‖ has been considered the national _____ of the English people.A. symbolB. epicC. heroD. art( ) 8. The tragedy of Othello lies in his____ while that of Macbeth lies in his _____.A. hesitation, blindnessB. jealousy, burning ambitionC. ambition, hesitationD. blindness, jealousy( ) 9. _____ is Milton’s masterpiece, which is ____ consisting of _____books.A. ―Paradise Regained‖, a play, 11B. ―Paradise Lost‖, an epic, 12C. ―Samson Agonistes‖, a poem, 13D. ―Lycidas‖, a lyric, 10( ) 10. Addison started _____ which was a _____.A. ―The Spectator‖, daily paperB. ―The Tatler‖, periodicalC. ―Idler‖, maganizeD. ―Rambler‖, a weekly paper( ) 11. The Neo-classical writers modeled themselves on _______ authors, and tried to control literary creation by ______.A. Elizabethan, blank verseB. Caroline, drama onlyC. ancient Greek and Roman, fixed lawsD. Jacobean, religion( )12. _____ was the most important poet in the first half of the 18th century.A. S. JohnsonB. J. SwiftC. PopeD. R. Steele( ) 13. ―Essay on Criticism‖ is a _____ poem written in ______.A. didactic, heroic coupletsB. short, blank verseC. philosophical, sonnet formD. romantic, ballad form( ) 14. Johnson’s most important literary work is ______ .A. ―London‖B. ―The Vanity of Human Wishes‖C. ―Rassela‖D. ―Lives of Poets‖( )15. ______ marked the end of English writers reliance on the patronage of the rich and the powerful for support.A. Johnson and PopeB. Shakespeare and JonsonC. Addison and SteeleD. Milton and Shakespeare( ) 16. James Boswell today is chiefly known for his______.A. poetryB. novelC. essaysD. biography( ) 17. ―Areopagitica‖ is a very famous pamphlet by ______ .A. ChaucerB. MiltoC. ShakespeareD.Johnson( ) 18. During the Anglo-Norman period, the most important literary work being____.A. BeowulfB. OdysseyC. King ArthurD. Illiad( ) 19. Chaucer was greatly influenced by Boccaccio, author of ______ .A. sonnetsB. ―Decameron‖C. ―Divine Comedy‖D. ―Odyssey( ) 20. _____ is a very small country, yet it has produced many Nobel literature prize winners.A. EnglandB. FranceC. ItalyD. Ireland( )21. Another term for Old English is_______.A. Middle EnglishB. Anglo-SaxonC. DeutscheD. Welsh( ) 22. The Canterbury Tales includes stories by _______.A. each of the pilgrimsB. some of the pilgrimsC. Chaucer in the role of a pilgrimD. religious figures only( ) 23. The Renaissance came to England _______ .A. at about the same time it came to continental Europe.B. earlier than it came to continental EuropeC. later than it came to continental EuropeD. in 1457( ) 24. A powerful influence on the Renaissance was _______ .A. medieval Latin worksB. classical Latin and Greek worksC. native English writingsD. literature from the Orient( ) 25. In 1534, Henry VIII declared himself to be ________ .A. a loyal subject of the PopeB. a follower of Martin LutherC. head of the English ChurchD. an atheist( ) 26. Blank verse is _________ .A. unrhymed iambic pentameterB. rhymed iambic pentameterC. unrhymed iambic tetrameterD. rhymed iambic trimeter( ) 27. In which of these plays are women wrongly accused of infidelity?A. Much Ado About Nothing, OthelloB. King Lear, HamletC. A Winter’s Tale, The TempestD. Measure for Measure, The Taming of the Shrew( ) 28. The seventeenth Century witnessed the influence of all of the following social and intellectual forces except______ .A. PuritanismB. RationalismC. TranscendentalismD. the scientific spirit( ) 29. The King James Bible of 1611 is also known as __________ .A. the Coverdale BibleB. the VulgateC. the Vespasian PsalterD. the Authorized Version( ) 30. Paradise Lost is a poetic narration of __________ .A. the birth, death, and resurrection of JesusB. the events relating to the Garden of Eden and the banishment of SatanC. the Book of RevelationsD. the prophecies of JeremiahPart 41. C2. A3. B4. C5. C6. A7. B8. B9. B 10. B11. C12. C 13. A14. D15. A16. D17. B18. A19.B20.D21. B22. B 23. C 24. B25. C26. A27. A 28. C29. D30. BPart 57.Generally speaking, Chaucer’s works fall into three main groups corresponding roughly to thethree periods of his adult life. Which period is Not correct ?A.The period of American influence (1359-1372)B.The period of Italian influence (1372-1386)C.The period of English influence (1386-1400)D.The period of French influence (1371-1382)8. A ballad is a story told in ____, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the ___ andthe_____ lines rhymed.A. poetry, first, thirdB. drama, first, fourthC. songs, second, fourthD. words, second, third3. _________, the two most important writers were Chaucer and Langland.A. In the 13th centuryB. In the 14th centuryC. In the 15th centuryD. In the 16th century4.The 15th century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is thespring tide of English_______.A. balladsB. playsC. poemsD. essays5.In Elizabethan Period, _____wrote more than fifty excellent essays, which made him one of the bestessayists in English literature.A. John MiltonB. Thomas MoreC. Francis BaconD. Robert Burns6.The 18th century was an age of prose. A group of excellent prose writers, such as___________ were produced.A. More and BaconB. More and AddisonC. Addison and SteeleD. Bacon and Steele7. In the Revolution Period ________towers over his age as William Shakespeare towers over theElizabethan age and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval period.A. William BlakeB. Christopher MarloweC. John MiltonD. Thomas More8. ____________ written by Bunyan gives a vivid and satirical description of Vanity Fair which is thesymbol of London at the time of Restoration.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. The Canterbury TalesC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. Robinson Crusoe9. _______ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.A. Thomas WyattB. William ShakespeareC. Philip SidneyD. Thomas Canpion10. ______ is not the best representative of the English humanists in the Renaissance.A. Thomas MoreB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Edmund Spenser11. ______is regarded as the pioneer of English drama.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Edmund SpenserD. John Donne12. English Renaissance Period was an age of _________.A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and song13.______was regarded as ―Father of the English Novel‖, for his contribution to the establishment of theform of the modern level.A. Daniel DefoeB. Jonathan SwiftC. Henry FieldingD. Jane Austen14. English Renaissance Period was not an age of prose, but Thomas More wrote his famous prose work―________‖ during this period.A. UtopiaB. Robinson CrusoeC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. Of Studies15. Which play is not a comedy written by Shakespeare?A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. Romeo and JulietD. As You Like It16. Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A. ―She Stoops to Conquer‖B. ―The Rivals‖C. ―The School for Scandal‖D. ―The Conscious Lovers‖17. ―________‖, written in heroic couplet by Pope, was a manifestoof English neo-classicism as Pope put forward his aesthetic theories in it.A. An Essay of Dramatic PoesyB. An Essay on CriticismC. The Advance of LearningD. An Essay on Man18. The 18th century witnessed the appearance of two political parties in England, the Whigs and the Tories,which were satirized by Swift in his __________.A. Gulliver’s TravelsB. A Tale of a TubC. The Battle of the BooksD. A Modest Proposal19. ―___________‖is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in theEnglish language.A. IliadB. SonnetC. BeowulfD. The Canterbury Tales20. In the last twenty years of the 18th century England produced two great romantic poets. They are ______.A. Johnson and BlakeB. Gray and YoungC. Pope and GoldsmithD. Blake and BurnsKey to Part 51.A2.C3.B 4 . A 5. C 6.C 7. C 8.A 9. A 10. D 11. B 12.B 13C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.DPart 6( ) 1. A ballad is a story told in ____, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the ___ and the_____ lines rhymed.A. poetry, first, thirdB. drama, first, fourthC. song, second, fourthD. words, second, third( ) 2. Many words and terms came into the English language as a result of _____.A. the Norman ConquestB. RenaissanceC. the Roman ConquestD. the Danish invasion( ) 3. William Shakespeare was fortunate to be living in the ______ period.A. CarolineB. ElizabethanC. VictorianD. Jacobean( ) 4. ―The Canterbury Tales‖ was written in ___ period of Chaucer’s writing career.A. the firstB. the secondC. the thirdD. the fourth( ) 5. Chaucer is often referred to as ―the father of English poetry‖ because he_____ .A. was the first poet in EnglandB. was the poet laureate in his timeC. first used English in his poetryD. he introduced French form( ) 6. Apart from being a great ____, Bacon was the _____ of modern science.A. essayist, founderB. politician, discovererC. novelist, founderD. judge, advocate( ) 7. ―Beowulf‖ has been considered the national _____ of the English people.A. symbolB. epicC. heroD. art( ) 8. The tragedy of Othello lies in his____ while that of Macbeth lies in his _____.A. hesitation, blindnessB. jealousy, burning ambitionC. ambition, hesitationD. blindness, jealousy( ) 9. _____ is Milton’s masterpiece, which is ____ consisting of _____books.A. ―Paradise Regained‖, a play, 11B. ―Paradise Lost‖, an epic, 12C. ―Samson Agonistes‖, a poem, 13D. ―Lycidas‖, a lyric, 10( ) 10. Addison started _____ which was a _____.A. ―The Spectator‖, daily paperB. ―The Tatler‖, periodicalC. ―Idler‖, magazineD. ―Rambler‖, a weekly paper( ) 11. The Neo-classical writers modeled themselves on _______ authors, and tried to control literary creation by ______.A. Elizabethan, blank verseB. Caroline, drama onlyC. ancient Greek and Roman, fixed lawsD. Jacobean, religion( ) 12. _____ was the most important poet in the first half of the 18th century.A. S. JohnsonB. J. SwiftC. PopeD. R. Steele( ) 13. ―Essay on Criticism‖ is a _____ poem written in ______.A. didactic, heroic coupletB. short, blank verseC. philosophical, sonnet formD. romantic, ballad form( ) 14. Johnson’s most important literary work is ______.A. ―London‖B. ―The Vanity of Human Wishes‖。
外研社英国文学史及选读(第二版)第二册教学课件Chapter 9 Thomas Hood
In poverty, hunger, and dirt,
And still with a voice of dolorous pitch,
95
Would that its tone could reach the rich!
She sang this “Song of the Shirt!”
Chapter 9 Thomas Hood
Part VII The First Half of the 19th Century: The Romantic Period
Part 1
Chapter 9 Thomas Hood
• 正文
Life and Works
Brief Comment
Selections
---Notes
---For Study and Discussion
Thank you
Chapter 9 Thomas Hood
Brief Comment
On this serious and perhaps cruel issue, he wrote humorously: “Don’t go to weep upon my grave, / And think that there I be. / They haven’t left an atom there / Of my anatomie.” Hood’s most widely-known work during his lifetime was “The Song of the Shirt”, which was a lament for a poor London seamstress who had been compelled to sell shirts she had made in order to feed her malnourished and ailing child. This poem appeared in one of the very first editions of Punch in 1843 and quickly became a public sensation, being turned into a popular song and inspiring social activists in defense of the countless labouring women who lived in abject poverty despite their constant industriousness.
英国文学选读--复习资料-罗经国
Chapter 11.Earliest settlers---Celts2.55 B.C. TO 407 A.D. ---Roman Empire(London was founded)3.演变Celts- Romans – Anglo-Saxon – English4.Julius Caesar , the first general came to British5.500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex, the Celts King Arthur.His followers , who were know as the knights of the round table, fight for their kingdom against the AS invaders.6.9th century, King Alfred , the great of Wessex lead the AS kings to defeat the invaders byuniting their forces.7.the Norman Conquest1066, Duck of Normandy came from Normandy to attack England to gets the land promise to be given to him for protecting from the Danes invasion by Edward Ⅱ. And Normandy beat the Harold at the Hesting.8.Two highlight in the development of AS literatureA. Northumrian School○1the first AS poet ---CaedmonThe earliest English poet. According to Bede, he was an elderly herdsman who received the power of song in a vision.○2Vernerable Bede, A monk write in Lain <The Ecclesiastical History of the English People> Father of English HistoryB. the reign of Alfred Contribution○1translate a number of Latin books into West Saxon dialect○2<The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle>○3created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose9. A long epic poetry 长篇叙事诗<Beowulf>A.the earliest heroic poetryB.the most significant poetryC.existed in oral form as early as the 6th centuryD.Beowulf is a mixture of paganism and Christian elements10.Difference between Old Eng poetry , later poetry is technical structure11.There are two poetic features of Old English poetry: alliteration and kenning.Chapter 21.流行Romance 主要写Knights2.Duke William of Normandy. The Norman Conquest in 1066 accelerated the development offeudalism 封建主义in ENG3.Categories of Romances: The matter of Erance ,the matter of Rome , the matter of Britain4.Middle ENG:A.words that are related with enjoyment and pleasure are usually of the French originB.many inflectional form of words were droppedC.formal grammar simplified5. Medieval Romance (Subject Matters)A. matter of French (Charlemagne the Great, Roland, <Chanson de Roland>)B. matter of Rome (Alexander the Great, The siege of Troy)C. Britain the Arthurian LegendBy Sir Gawain, Launce lot, Marlin, the quest for Holy Grail, the Death of King Arthur. Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer1.The Hundreds’Years War is an awakening of national Consciousness in ENG,the Frenchheroine Joan of Arc贞德2.Geoffrey Chaucer (Buried in the Poets’ Conner in Westminster Abbey)A.Father of Eng poetryB.The work of Geoffrey Chaucer○1influenced by French literature<The Book of the Duchess>○2influenced by Boccaccio <Travius and Cryseyde>○3<The Canterbury Tales >坎特伯雷故事集The general prologue 总序is the best part of it.3.the significances of <The Canterbury Tales>A.Gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s timeB.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended 高度赞赏by criticsC.Geoffrey Chaucer’s humorD.Chaucer’s contribution to ENG languageE.Perhaps the greatest work in Middle English4.John WycliffA.father of ENG proseB.one of the first figures who demanded to reform churchC.the one translate Bible into standard ENG5.William Langland<Sir Gawain> <Green Knights><The Vision of Piers Plowman> Chapter 41.main eventsA.The war of the Rose ,the thirty Years War(the house of Lancaster/Red, the house of York)B.The discovery of American and the new sea routesC.Reformation of church. HenryⅧfound the Anglican Church, break away from the church ofRome.2.Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story3.Characters of BalladsA.the beginning is often abruptB.have strong dramatic elementsC.the story is told through dialogue and actionD.the theme is often tragicE.the meter格律is used (contains four-line stanzas, the odd numbered line奇数four feet, theeven numbered line偶数three feet. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.)4.BalladsA.<Robin Hood> A legendary hero living during the reign of Richard the Lion Heated 金雀花王朝B.<The Death of King Arthur>By Sir Thomas Mallory prefect the king Arthur5.Early ENG Plays(the 14th )developed into(mystery Plays神秘剧，miracle plays 奇迹剧)6.The flourishing of dramathe reason: no other entertainment ,both rich and poor can go to there英国文学史上三次高潮15th ENG Renaissance—19th上Romantic —19th下Victoria1.The BackgroundQueen Elizabeth , defeat the Spanish Armada 无敌舰队, mighty naval power强有力的海军.2.Humanism 人文主义Rebirth(文艺复兴的时代精神)Humanism Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth ” in ENG3.人文主义的解释及价值观According to the Humanist scholars it was against human nature to ○1sacrifice the happiness of the life for an after life. They argued that ○2man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church, In art and literati on, instead of happiness in his life. Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman catholic church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him.4.Edmund Spenser <The Faerie Queen>5.The University WitsA.Robert GreeneB.Thomas Kyd <The Spanish Tragedy>C.Christopher Marlowe<The tragic History of Doctor Faustus> The blank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter6.William ShakespeareA.发展○1Early years of his apprenticeship学徒期○2Growth and development○3gloom and depression○4restored serenityB.achievement○1represented the trend of history in giving write to the desires and aspiration of people○2S’ humanism: He had firm belief in the mobility of human nature and in the power of love○3S’ characterization, S’ characters are round 丰满的而非flatter 扁平○4originality○5as a great poet in sonnets○6master of the Eng language7.Four Tragedy : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, The Tragedy of Macbeth8.Sonnets (Italy/Petrarch’s —the first one, S’s)A.definition A short song in the original meaning of the word become a poet of 14 lines.Usually in iambic pentameter抑扬格五音步with various rhyming schemes.B.Sonnet, 3 quatrains, 1 couplet (Shakespeare’s <Mr.W.H><Dark Lady>)9.S’s sonnets are different from Petrach’s.Petrach’s sonnets is divided into an octave(八音) which typically rhymes abba abba , and a sestet, which may have varying rhyme schemes.Shakespeare’s sonnets (English sonnets)consists of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet ,which typically rhyme abab cdcd efef gg .ends with a surprised conclusion or a shift of ideas.Petrach abba abba / cde cdeShakespeare abab cdcd efef / gg10.Hamlet —Humanist (melancholy忧郁procrastination优柔寡断)From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution1.Background(the ENG bourgeois revolution 资产阶级革命，农民与贵族阶级，Anglican church与Puritanical Church)2.Glorious Revolution 1688In 1688, William signed <The Bill of Rights> presented by Parliament, which greatly restricted the power of English King hence four ENGLAND has become a country of constitutional monarchy.君主立宪制3.The King James Bible of 1611Old Testament in HebrewsNew Testament in GreekThe earliest English translations of the Bible date back to Caedmon, Bade and King Alfred.4.Francis Bacon. Praised by Marx as “the pioneer of Eng Materialism唯心主义”5.<Of Studies>目的：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, for ability.功效：History make man wise; poetry witly; mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.方法：Books are able to be tasked, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.6.玄学派特点（Metaphysical Poets）John DonneMetaphysical Poets describe a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by hold and ingenious conceits （奇思妙喻）incongruous imagery. Complexity of thought, frequent use of Paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.7.Main theme of Metaphysical Poets: love, death and religionMain theme of Cavalier(骑士派)：Carpe Diem及时行乐8.Cavalier: Carpe diem<ＡValediction：forbidding mourning >A breach, but an expansionLike gold to airy thinness beatIf they be two, they are two so.As stiff twin compasses are two.THEME, 他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱。
英国文学史及作品选读课件 (09级)Lecture 17
● He is a Japanese–British novelist. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan, and his family moved to England in 1960. He became a British citizen in 1982. ● He is one of the most celebrated contemporary fiction authors in the English-speaking world, having received four Man Booker Prize nominations, and winning the 1989 prize for his novel The Remains of the Day. In 2008, The Times ranked Ishiguro 32nd on their list of “The 50 greatest British writers since 1945”.
Lecture 17 The Modern Period (V)
Teaching Objectives and Requirements
1 Help the students know about post-modernism.
2 Help the students know clearly about John Fowels and his work The French Lieutenant’s Woman.
3 Help the students know about Kazuo Ishiguro.
1 Post-modernism
2 John Fowels (1926-2005)
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读作者及作品(word文档良心出品)
英国文学史及选读作者及作品一、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期The Anglo-Saxon Period※《贝奥武甫》“The Song of Beowulf”《浪游者》“Widsith”or “The Traveller’s Song”《航海家》“Seafarer”二、盎格鲁-诺曼时期The Anglo-Norman Period※《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ”杰弗里《史记》Geoffrey’s “History”莱亚门《布鲁特》Laysmon’s “Brust”《罗兰之歌》“Chanson de Roland”三、乔叟时期Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400)※《坎特伯雷故事集》“The Canterbury Tales”《玫瑰传奇》“Romance of the Rose”《好女人的故事》“The Legend of Good Women”《声誉殿堂》“The House of Fame”《百鸟会议》“The Parliament of Fowls”《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》“Troilus and Gressie”大众民谣Popular Ballads※《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》“Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale””※《起来，去关门》“Get Up and Bar the Door”※《派屈克·斯宾塞爵士》“Sir Patrick Spens”托马斯·帕西《英诗辑古》Bishop Thomas Percy ”Reliques of Anciet English Poetry”兰格论《农夫皮尔期》“The Vision of Piers, the Plowman”四、文艺复兴时期The Renaissance1．威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare(1564-1616)1590《亨利六世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”《亨利六世》第三部The Third Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1591《亨利六世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1592《理查三世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ”《错误的喜剧》“The Comedy of Errors”1593《泰特斯·安德鲁尼克斯》”Titus Andronicus”《驯悍记》“The Taming of the Shrew”1594《维洛那两绅士》“The Two Gentlemen of Verona”《爱的徒劳》“Love’s Labour’s Lost”《罗密欧与朱丽叶》“Romeo and Juliet”1595《理查二世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅱ”《仲夏夜之梦》“A Midsummer Night’s Dream”1596《约翰王》“The Life and Death of King John”※《威尼斯商人》“The Merchant of Venice”1597《亨利四世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”《亨利四世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”1598《无事生非》“Much Ado About Nothing”《温莎的风流娘儿们》”The Merry Wives of Windsor”《亨利五世》”The Life of King Henry Ⅴ”1599《尤利乌斯·凯撒》“The Life and Death of Julius Caesar”《皆大欢喜》”As You Like It”1600《第十二夜》“Twelfth Night ,or, What You Will”※1601《哈姆雷特》“Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”1602《特洛伊洛斯与克瑞西达》“Troilus and Cressida”《终成眷属》“All’s Well That Ends Well”1604《一报还一报》“Measure for Measure”《奥塞罗》“Othello, the Moore of Venice”1605《李尔王》”King Lear”《麦克白》“The Tragedy of Macbeth”1606《安东尼和克莉奥佩特拉》“Antony and Cleopatra”1607《科里奥拉鲁斯》”The Tragedy of Coriolanus”《雅典的泰门》“Timon of Athens”1608《佩里克利斯》“Pericles, Prince of Tyre”1609《辛白林》“Cymbeline, King of Britain”1610《冬天的故事》“The Winter’s Tale”《暴风雨》“The Tempest”《亨利八世》“The Life of King Henry Ⅷ”Poems《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》“Venus and Adonis”《露克丽丝受辱记》“Lucrece”※《十四行诗》“Sonnets”2。
英国文学史及作品选读 Chapter 10
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1. Modernism:
The twentieth century was marked by the two World Wars, the direct result of the conflicts between rival imperialist countries and their ambition to dominate the world. Roughly speaking, the development of English literature in the twentieth century can be divided into two stages, that is , literature between WWI and WWII and literature after WWII.
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2. Angry Young Men
A phrase loosely applied to a number of British playwrights and novelists from the mid-1950s,whose political views were radical or anarchic, and who described various forms of social alienation. It is sometimes said to derive from the title of a work by the Irish writer Leslie Paul, Angry Young Man (1951). John Osborne: Look Back in Anger (1956);
英国文学史及作品选读 Chapter 9
(1) (2)
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2. The Victorian Poets
Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892); Robert Browning (1812-1889); Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)
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2.1 Lord Alfred Tennyson
3. The Victorian novelists:
Charles Dickens William Makepeace Thackeray Emily Bronte Thomas Hardy Oscar Wilde
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3.1 Charles Dickens (1812-1870):
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4. The Victorian Playwright
George Bernard Shaw: The dramatic conflict in his plays is the conflict of thought and belief, Discussion is the basis of the plays, Shaw proves that mental and moral passion could produce absorbing dramatic material.
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3.3 The Bronte Sisters
Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights Emily’s only novel, which was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. It did not gain immediate success, Emily Brontëdied of tuberculosis a year after Wuthering Heights was published, on December 19, 1848, Theme: Race/Class/Education ; Revenge; Supernatural
英国文学史及作品选读(09级) Lecture 9
Lecture 9The Romantic Period (III)ⅠT eaching ContentJane Austen; Pride and PrejudiceⅡTime Allotment2 periodsⅢT eaching Objectives and Requirements1 Help the students have a good understanding of Jane Austen.2 Help the students have a good understanding of Pride and Prejudice, especiallyits first chapter.ⅣKey Points and Difficult Points in Teaching1Jane Austen2 Pride and PrejudiceⅤT eaching Methods and MeansLecture; Discussion; Multi-mediaⅥT eaching Process1 Jane Austen (1775-1817)1.1 Bibliographical introduction●Jane Austen was born in 1775 at Steventon, Hampshire. She was the youngerdaughter and the seventh child of a family of eight children. Austen briefly attended boarding school in Oxford, Southampton and Reading.●From the age of ten, her education was taken by her elder brothers and her father.Austen lived at uneventful life, passing the great part of it at her birth place and at Kent.●Her development as a novelist was slow and painstaking. She started writingnovels at about twenty, but each of them underwent revision and none was published at once.●Of her eight novels, only four appeared in her lifetime: Sense and Sensibility(1811), Pride and Prejudice(1813), Mansfield Park(1814) and Emma(1815).Northanger Abbey and Persuasion came out after her death. And the other two novels were left unfinished. On 18 July, 1817, at the age of forty-two, she died in her sister’s arms in Winchester.1.2 Comments on Austen●Jane Austen is a writer of the eighteenth century, though she lives in the nineteenthcentury England. She holds the ideal of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominanceof reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear-sighted judgment. And in style, she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and gracefulness in novel writing.●Austen’s work has a very narrow literary field.◆The subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are allrestricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their routine life.◆With trenchant observation and in meticulous detail, she presents the quiet,day-to-day life of the upper-middle-class English. She is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men and women in love.◆Stories of love and marriage provide the major themes in all her novels, inwhich all characters are always playing an active part. In their pursuit of a marriage, they are usually categorized into three types according to their different attitudes: those who would marry for material wealth and social position, those who would marry just for beauty and passion, and those who would marry for true love with a consideration of the partner’s merit as well as his economical and social status. In another word, Austen tries to say that it is wrong to marry just for money or for beauty, but it is also wrong to marry without it.● Her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire, as can be seen from hercharacterization of Mr. Bennet in Pride and Prejudice.●Her style is easy and effortless, a perfect example of what De Quincey (Englishessayist and critic, best-known for his autobiography Confessions of an English Opium Eater《一个英国鸦片服用者的自白》。
英国文学史及选读课件9TheVictoriaAge
accession in 1837 and her death in 1901. She ruled for 63 years, the longest in English history.
It can be divided into 2 periods:
《弗洛斯河上的磨房》
Charles Dickens
（1812-1870）
His life
- born in 1812; - the second of eight children; - poor schooling but wide reading; - began to work at 12 in a warehouse; - a law clerk, then a newspaper； - reporter, and finally a novelist.
The Bronte sisters
Charlotte Bronte Emily Bronte Anne Bronte All talented writers All died young All lovers of literature Received some education in Charity school with a bad living condition
*contribution to English literature
• He was one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age and accomplished over twenty novels.
• Greatly with his efforts and accomplishments, Critical Realistic tradition was firmly established.
The Anglo-Saxon Period
The three famous prose writers
Venerable Bede Alfred the Great Aelfric
英国文学史及作品选读
主讲人: 冯梅
Why Study English
Literature
• • • • • • • • •
Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period Part Two The Anglo-Norman Period Part Three The Age of Chaucer Part Four The English Renaissance Part Five The Seventeenth Century Part Six The Age of Enlightenment Part Seven The Romantic Period Part Eight The Victorian Period Part Nine The Twentieth Century
Beowulf
• Subject matter: A Scandinavian hero, • Historical significance: It reflects the features of the tribal society of ancient times. • Striking features: alliteration, metaphor, understatement
Beowulf 贝奥武甫
The national epic of the AngloSaxons, preserved in Old English which survives in only one manuscript , now lying in the British Museum.
【答案】英国文学史及选读-unite9课后习题答案.docx
【答案】英国文学史及选读-unite9课后习题答案.docxUnti 9 Critial realism1.In the 19th century English Literature, a new literary trend_critical realism__ appeared after the romantic poetry.2.The greatest English relist of the 19th century was _CharlesDickens___, who pictures bourgeois civilization, and shows the misery and suffering of the common people.3.The Victorian Age in English literature was largely an age of prose,especially of the _novel__4.Robert Browning is a great experimenter in poetic art. He is bestknown for the technique of _dramatic monologue____5.The most important poet of the Victorian Age was _Tennyson___. Nextto him were Robert Browning and his wife.6.The novel __The_Pickwick Papers__ deals with the adventure of Mr.Pickwick, a retired old merchant, who is the founder and chairman of the Pickwick Club.7.The novel “Oliver Twist” tells the story of a poor child named__Oliver Twist__ who is born in a workhouse and brought up under miserable conditions.8.The subtitle of “Vanity Fair “ is _A Novel Without a Hero___. Thewriter’s intention was not to portray individuals, but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.9.、10.The main plot of “ Vanity Fair” centers on the story of two women:Amelia Sedley and _Rebecca Sharp___. Their character are in sharp contrast.11.Charlotte Bronte’s masterpiece is_Jane Eyre__.12.Emily Bronte’s masterpiece is _Wuthering Heights___.13.The author of the “Return of the Native “ is _T homas Hardy____.14.George Eliot produced three remarkable novels including “ AdamBede”, “The Mill on the Floss” and “___’15.Among Hardy’s novels, the best-known are ____ and the “Jude theObscure”.16._Oscar Wilde___ is the representative among the writers ofaestheticism and decadence. “ the Picture of Dorian Gray “ is a typical decadent novel written by him.17.It was while living in Italy that Robert Browning published hisfinest volume of poems_____.18.Although writing from different points of view and with differenttechnique, writers in the Victorian period shared one thing in common, that is they were all concerned about _C__A. the love story between the rich and the poor.、B. the techniques in writingC. the fate of the common peopleD. the future of their own country.19.The author of the work “Dombey and Son” is:A. Charles DicknesB. Henry JamesC. Robert BrowningD. Thackarary20.As a love story, Wuthering Heights is one of the most moving thepassion between ___ proves the most intense, the most beautiful and at the same time the most horrible.A. Hareton and Cathy$B. Heathcliff and CatherineC. Hareton and CatherineD. Heathcliff and Cathy21.Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little,I amsoulless and heartless …and if god had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. The above passage is most probably taken from___.A. Great ExpectationsB. Wuthering HeightsC. Jane Eyre.D. Pride and Prejudice22.Most of Thomas Hardy’s novels are set in Wessex ___A. a crude region in England~B. comprehensive knowledgeC. a remote rural areaD. Hardy’s hometown23.Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy’s best knownnovels ,portrays man as ____A. being hereditarily good or badB. being self-sufficientC. having no control over his own fateD. still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion.24.The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticismof the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first ___ heroine.A. worker…B. peasantC. governessD. explorer25.How do you understand that Dickens is the greatest critical realistwriter of the Victorian Age26.How do you understand that Dickens is the greatest critical realistwriter of the Victorian Age27.Why is Jane Eyre a successful novel。
英国文学史及作品选读教案(09级) Lecture 10
Lecture 10The Victorian Period (I)ⅠT eaching ContentBrief introduction of the Victorian Age; Charles DickensⅡTime Allotment2 periodsⅢT eaching Objectives and Requirements1 Help the students have a good understanding of the Victorian Age history andits great achievements in novels.2 Help the students know clearly about Charles Dickens.ⅣKey Points and Difficult Points in Teaching1 Charles Dickens2 Oliver TwistⅤT eaching Methods and MeansLecture; Discussion; Multi-mediaⅥT eaching Process1 The Victorian Age (See Chang Yaoxin, 216-222)●Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of QueenVictoria who ruled over England from 1837 to 1901, but it really began with the passage of Reform Bill in 1832 and closed at the end of the Boer War in 1902. All in all, the Victorian Age was a period of rapid growth, development, and reform.This period has been generally considered as one of the most glorious in the English history (the sun-never-sets empire).●The Victorian Age is usually subdivided into the following phases: the earlyVictorian Period (1832-1848), the Mid-Victorian Period (1848-1870), and late Victorian Period (1870-1902) (In social-political terms, it can be roughly subdivided into two phases: the first, beginning from 1832 through mid-century, the second, from 1870 to 1902.).●The Victorian Age was a period of rapid growth, development, and reform. It hasbeen generally considered as one of the most glorious in the English history (the sun-never-sets empire). It was on the whole one of transition from the past to the modern times, and one of radical change in values, institutions, and doctrines. It was an age of confusion and intellectual anarchy. Hope existed alongside dismay, and optimism was colored by anxiety.1.1 Historical background of the Victorian Age●In 1832 the Reform Bill was passed, which placed the power of the nation into thehands of the wealthy industrialists who would soon reconcile with the aristocracy and redouble their exploitation of the working people. Thus, after 1832, the conflict between labour and capital became sharper in the English political scene.This conflict resulted in the Chartist Movement (1836-1848), in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions.●During the next twenty years, England settled down to a time of prosperity andrelative stability. The middle-class life of the time was characterized by prosperity, respectability, modesty and domesticity. Common sense and moral propriety, which were ignored by the romanticists, again became predominant preoccupation in the literary works.●But the last three decades of the century witnessed the decline of the BritishE mpire and the glory of the Victorian values. Beginning from the 70‟s, a sharpdecline occurred with economic depressions, agricultural failures, and the flooding of Australian wool and American wheat. Domestic balance of power, which used to be the Whigs and Tories, was also threatened with the growth of labour as a political and economic force. Class struggle was intensified in the last two decades of the 19th century.1.2 Ideology of the Victorian Age●Ideologically, the Victorians experienced fundamental changes. The rapiddevelopment of science and technology, new inventions and discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology and anthropology drastically shook people‟s religious convictions. Darwin‟s The Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man(1871) shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith. New scientific discoveries increased people‟s religious doubts and anxieties.●On the other hand, Utilitarianism (a hedonistic kind of philosophy, embracingUtility, or “the greatest happiness for the great number”as the sanction of morality, and spreading the belief that everyone was the best judge of his own interest) was widely accepted and practiced. Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it would promote the material happiness. The Bible and the Evangelical Orthodoxy were regarded either as an outmoded superstition or tested by the principle of utility. Church service becamea form of instead of real devotion. This theory held a special appeal to themiddle-class industrialists, whose greed drove them to exploiting workers to the utmost and brought greater suffering and poverty to the working mass. (See Chang Yaoxin, 219)1.3 Literature of the Victorian Age●Victorian literature, as a product of its age, naturally took on its quality ofmagnitude and diversity. It was many-sided and complex, and reflected both romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in people‟s life and thought. Great writers and great works abounded.◆In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital andchallenging expression of progressive thought. Among the famous novelists of the time were the critical realists like Charles Dickens, William MakepeaceThackeray, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Mrs. Gaskell (1810-1815) and Anthony Trollope (1815-1882), etc. An in the last few decades there were also George Eliot, the pioneering woman who, according to D. H. Lawrence, was the first novelist that targ eted “putting all the actions inside,” and Thomas Hardy. Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhumane social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.◆Prose and poetry are also produced in this period. Alfred Tennyson, RobertBrowning, the typical feature of whose poetry is dramatic monologue and Matthew Arnold—”the “Big Three” created memorable poetry.◆In addition to the trend of critical realism, there appeared other trends, such asAestheticism, represented by Oscar Wilde, who advocated the theory of “art for art‟s sake”, Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood led by Dante Gabriel Rossetti.●Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality and spirit of the age.The high-spirited vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented. In almost every genre it paved the way for the coming century, where its spirits, values and experiments are to witness bumper harvest.2 Charles Dickens (1812-1870)2.1. Life of Charles Dickens●Charles Dickens is the greatest representative of English critical realism and hewas called “the expression of the conscience of his age”.●He was born in a middle class family. His father was a clerk, but an extravagantspender and was thrown into prison because of debts. He once was a child labor and worked in a shoe-blacking factory. After his father was released, he was sent to school again. When he was 15, he worked as a lawyer‟s clerk. When he was 19, he became a reporter. When he was 21 he published first essay. Then he gradually became a successful writer. After his death he was buried at the poets‟ corner.●Dickens‟ career can be roughly split into two broad sub-periods: the first, from thebeginning through 1850 when he published Dombey and Son, in which he smiles;the second, from 1851 to the end of his life, in which he feels depressed.2.2 Major works of Charles Dickens and some comments on him2.2.1 Major worksThe Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club（匹克威克外传）; Oliver Twist （雾都孤儿）; Dombey and Son（董贝父子）; David Copperfield（大卫科波菲尔）; Hard Times（艰难时事）; A Tale of Two Cities（双城记）; Great Expectations（远大前程）(See Chang Yaoxin, 236-240)2.2.2 Some comments on him●The Dickensian world is almost Shakespearean. It is a world thronged with thediverse specimens of humanity. It is a world where the readers can get abird‟s-eye view of the panorama of English life then. The mood swings of his world are gauged in the way he pictures London.●The archetypal Dickensian hero or heroine is often an orphan or a child whoseparents though still alive, are as well as dead to them.●Dickens was essentially an intuitive artist. Spontaneity was his trade mark.●Dickens‟genius is basically comic. One notable feature of comic narratives is hisadroitness at creating the grotesque effect. Another notable feature of Dickens‟humorous narratives is the melodramatic.●Dickens is highly critical of his age. Social criticism is a hallmark of all his works.However, he does not mean to change the system. In the final analysis he is not a radical, neither is he revolutionary. He is a novelist with abundant faith in the goodness of human nature which he thinks is the basis of good life.2.3 Features of Charles Dickens’ novels●A tendency to depict the grotesque characters (His characters always have peculiarhabits, manners or behaviors) (such as Micawber)● Believing in social reforms to change the world, thus sometimes created unnaturalhappy ending for his novels● Delicate structure and plot (well-designed and attractive)●Good at depicting pathetic scenes to arouse sympathy● Good at using rhetorical devices to make his language vivid and humorous2.4 Discussion of Oliver Twist2.4.1 The story●Oliver Twist is born in a workhouse, and orphaned almost immediately. Themanagers of the workhouse abuse him and declare that he will amount to nothing.Eventually, Oliver is apprenticed out and runs away from the situation once the cycle of abuse and extreme want repeat themselves.●In his journey, Oliver meets the Artful Dodger, a seemingly nice boy who offershis assistance. Oliver is taken to a run-down house occupied by Fagin and his boys. There, Oliver is initiated into the rites of pickpocketing, theft, and petty crime. His first unwilling foray into the new profession is not a success, however, since Oliver is caught by the police and taken to court.●The victim of the pickpocketing, Mr. Brownlow, takes pity on him and takes himinto his own home to help the boy recover from an illness. Brownlow is strangely drawn to the boy. Oliver‟s old friends, including the murderous Sikes and the mysterious Monks, try to find the boy and remove him from his new surroundings.Oliver tries desperately to escape from Fagin and his group. During his adventures, he finds that his past is neither so hidden nor so shameful as he has been led to believe.”●It ends on a positive note with Oliver finding happiness under the care of alaw-abiding, wealthy family.2.4.2 Themes in Oliver Twist●Battle between good and evilBattle between good and evil is the primary theme in Oliver Twist. Dickens once wrote th at he “wished to show, in little Oliver, the principle of good survivingthrough every adverse circumstance, and triumphing at last”.To this end, the characters in the story tend to be rather single-dimensional, with a few exceptions, they are either very good or very bad. Characters like Oliver, Mr. Brownlow, and the Maylies are virtuous, and those like Fagin, Monks, and Sikes are evil.●The effect of British laws during the first half of the 1800s on the poorThe effect of British laws during the first half of the 1800s on the poor is the second theme. Reasoning that the enactment of “Poor Laws” would save much money on the care of the indigent, the government confined those mired in poverty in workhouses, where they were starved and mistreated with no avenue of redemption. These laws paradoxically resulted in the development of a seedy underground of crime, and rates of lawlessness soared.●AlienationAlienation is another theme that the story explores in depth. Each of the characters is alienated both from each other and society. As an orphan, Oliver is the stereotypical outcast, and, with the possible exception of Dick, the people in his life are only out for themselves. Although the good people in the story do share moments of community and trust, their numbers are small, and they are far outnumbered by their unscrupulous counterparts.●Poverty and social classPoverty is a prominent concern in …Oliver Twist.‟ Throughout the novel, Dickens enlarges on this theme, describing slums so decrepit that whole rows of houses are on the point of ruin. In an early chapter, Oliver attends a pauper‟s funeral with Mr.Sowerberry and sees a whole family crowded together in one miserable room.●Fate and Free WillSome characters in this novel are liberated and live happily ever after. Others aren‟t able to escape the “labyrinth” that the city, their social class, and the systems of justice and religion seem to have created. Certain characters seem to give up their free will at certain points, and to abandon themselves to a kind of bizarre fatalism. As much as Dickens wants to show how external influences turn people into criminals, the emphasis on fate in Oliver Twist seems to undermine that idea.2.4.3 Main characters in Oliver Twist●Oliver Twist- An orphan living at a workhouse (runs away early in the story)●Nancy- A thief/pickpocket, about 20 years old, grows fond of Oliver●Fagin- Head of the thieves/pickpocket, criminal mastermind, very evil●Artful Dodger- A thief/pickpocket, around 17-23 years old●Bill Sikes- A thief/criminal, associated with Fagin and his crew, is Nancy‟s“boyfriend”, very evil and very violent●Brownlow- A very kind and wealthy gentleman, mistakes Oliver for a thief, butlater finds out that he was wrong about Oliver and that Oliver is a sickly orphan and he brings Oliver to live with him●Mr. Monks- An extremely evil thief, O liver‟s half brother (but Oliver doesn‟t knowit until the end of the story), tries to get Oliver to commit a crime so that their father‟s fortune will go a ll to him●Mr. Bumble- Runs the workhouse parish with Mrs. Corney, who he marries in theearly-middle of the story. Mr. Bumble is very mean to the orphans that live at the workhouse●Mrs. Corney- runs the worhouse parish with Mr. Bumble, marries him in theearly-middle of the story, is very mean to the children at the workhouse, is a bitter woman2.4.4 Style●Shifting Narrative Voice◆Throughout the novel, Dickens employs a shifting narrative voice, as James R.Kincaid noted in Dickens and the Rhetoric of Laughter, “It is impossible to define the characteristics or moral position of the narrators in this novel, for they are continually shifting.” At times the narrator is detached and wordy, as in the opening paragraph in which he says abstractly that he will not name the town or workhouse where a certain “item of mortality” was born. At the same time, he is mocking the conventions of many novels of his time, which open with a lengthy and often smug description of the main character‟s birthplace and family.◆The narrator doesn‟t consistently stay in this remote but sarcastic voice butsometimes shifts to remarking ironically on the supposedly wonderful way in which the poor are treated and on how kind it is or sometimes the narrator appeals to the friendl y feeling of the reader: “We all know how chilled and desolate the best of us will sometimes feel.” As Kincaid noted, “We can never count on being in any single relationship with the narrative voice for long. Just as we relax. We are pushed away.”●Dark Humor◆The novel is filled with dark humor, from Mr. Bumble and Mr. Sowerberrylaughing about the abundance of small children‟s coffins to Dickens‟s mocking the seriousness and puffery of the members of the parish board, to his exposure of the cowardice and avarice of Noah and Charlotte, to the caperings of the Artful Dodger when he is put on trial.◆This humor only serves to sharpen the desperate sufferings of Oliver and theother characters, however, so that although readers may laugh while they are re ading the book, when they‟re done, they tend to remember the sadness in it.●Characterization◆Dickens uses “flat” characters; his people don‟t tend to grow or change overthe course of the book. Oliver, who begins good, stays good, and he never wises up; never once does he show any awareness that the thieves are truly evil or any real disgust at Fagin‟s life. He is afraid of the thieves, but he is afraid because they may hurt him, not because he is aware that they‟re twisted and corrupted souls. Fagin, who begins evil, stays that way. Many of the characters are easily marked by certain “tags” of behavior or voice: Mr.Grimwig habitually thumps his cane on the ground and asserts, “I‟ll eat my head!”Fagin is always out for money; Mr. Brownlow is steadfastly good;Monks is obsessively evil. Mr. Bumble is consistently pompous and shallow, and Noah Claypole remains a coward and a bully throughout the book.◆In modern fiction, characters like these are considered a mark of poor writing,but in Dickens‟s time, readers were not bothered by such flat depictions. In addition, because the novel was written as a serial that required readers to remember all the characters for a long period of time, it was necessary for writers to make their characters easy to remember and categorize.ⅦReflection Questions and Assignments1 What factors can explain the rise of novels as a dominant literary genre duringthe Victorian Age?2 Please talk briefly about Charles Dickens‟s literary career, and the mainfeatures of his works.ⅧMajor References1 Abrams, M. H. ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, (6th edition),Norton: 1993.2 Baugh, Albert C. A Literary History of England. 1967.3 Drabble, Margaret.The Oxford Companion to English Literature. OxfordUniversity Press and Foreign language and Research Press, 1998.4 陈嘉.《英国文学史》. 北京：商务印书馆，1986.5 陈嘉.《英国文学作品选读》. 北京：商务印书馆，1982.6 侯维瑞. 《英国文学通史》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999.7 刘炳善. 《英国文学简史》. 郑州：河南人民出版社，1993.8刘洊波. 《英美文学史及作品选读》（英国部分），北京：高等教育出版社，2001.9 罗经国. 《新编英国文学选读》. 北京：北京大学出版社，1997.10 孙汉云. 《英国文学教程》. 南京：河海大学出版社，2005.11 王佩兰等. 《英国文学史及作品选读》. 长春：东北师范大学，2006.12 王松年. 《英国文学作品选读》. 上海：上海交通大学出版社，2002.13 吴伟仁. 《英国文学史及选读》（第二册）. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1990.14 杨岂深，孙铢.《英国文学选读》. 上海：上海译文出版社，1981.15 张伯香.《英国文学教程》. 武汉：武汉大学出版社，2005.16 张伯香.《英美文学选读》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998.17 张定铨. 《新编简明英国文学史》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002.。
梁实秋林语堂
(gèrén)
台湾，任台湾师范学院英语系教授。1987年11
士比亚著，《暴风雨》(剧本）英国
月3日病逝于台北。
• 梁实秋40岁以后着力较多的是散文和翻译。散 文代表作《雅舍小品》从1949年起20多年共出 4辑。30年代开始翻译莎士比亚作品，持续40 载，到1970年完成《莎士比亚全集》的翻译， 计剧本37册，诗3册。晚年用7年时间完成百万
• From 1949 to 1966, he established himself as a lexicographer by bringing out a series of English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries.
精品文档
翻译作品有《阿伯拉与哀绿绮斯的情
• 1929年9月梁实秋发表《论鲁迅先生的“硬译”》一文时，双方交战正值酣畅之际， 因而由此引发的翻译论战自然也就充满了刀光剑影。
• 与《论鲁迅先生的“硬译”》同刊发表的还有《文学是有阶级性的吗？》一文。针对 这两篇文章(wénzhāng)，鲁迅写了《“硬译”与“文学的阶级性”》一文进行辩驳。他 首先质问梁实秋是否对《文艺与批评》一书“硬着头皮读下去”了，接着指出梁氏并 不能够代表“全国中的最优秀者”，他读不懂的译文，不见得别人也读不懂。尽管梁 实秋在《答鲁迅先生》一文中声称：“这两篇文章(wénzhāng)的本身，都是各自独 立的，毫无关系的。前一篇的主旨，是说明文学并无阶级的区别，后一篇的大意， 是指出鲁迅先生的几种翻译作品之令人难懂。”然而在把鲁迅的“硬译”贬为“死译”后 ，他又接着指出：鲁迅先生前些年翻译的文字还不是令人看不懂的东西，“但是最 近翻译的书似乎改变风格了。”
Chapter Eight
英国文学史及选读课件9TheVictoriaAg
总结词
讲述了吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄 老主人收养后所经历的爱情与复仇的 故事，展现了人性的复杂与矛盾。
详细描述
小说通过希斯克利夫的人生经历和爱 情故事，揭示了人性中的爱与恨、善 良与邪恶等复杂情感。作品语言独特 ，情节紧张，人物形象鲜明，具有很 高的艺术价值。
PART 04
维多利亚时期文学的影响 和意义
了工业革命后社会的变化。
浪漫主义时期文学
个性解放
强调个性的自由和情感的表达 ，反对工业化和城市化对人的 束缚。代表人物有威廉·布莱
克和约翰·济慈。
诗歌
以拜伦、雪莱和华兹华斯等为 代表的诗歌创作，表达了对自
然、自由和爱情的向往。
小说
以简·爱和呼啸山庄为代表， 关注人性的复杂性和情感的深
度。
维多利亚时期文学
维多利亚时期作家介绍
查尔斯·狄更斯
总结词
维多利亚时期最著名的作家之一，以其对社会问题的深刻洞察和生动描绘而著 称。
详细描述
狄更斯是19世纪英国文坛的巨匠，创作了多部经典小说，如《双城记》、《雾 都孤儿》和《大卫·科波菲尔》。他的作品揭示了社会不公和贫困问题，同时也 描绘了人性的复杂和多样。
勃朗特姐妹
托马斯·哈代
总结词
以描绘人物命运和社会现实而著称，作品具有强烈的悲剧色 彩。
详细描述
托马斯·哈代是维多利亚时期的一位重要作家，他的作品如《 德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》展示了其对人物命运和社 会现实的深刻洞察。他的小说常常以悲剧收场，反映了人生 的无常和社会的冷酷。
PART 03
维多利亚时期文学作品选 读
小说
出现了以《罗密欧与朱丽 叶》为代表的一系列悲剧 和喜剧作品，反映了当时 社会的矛盾和冲突。