动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语讲解学习
动词-ing做表语-定语和宾补
二、动词-ing形式作定语
动词ing作定语，用来说明该名词的用途，不 表示名词本身的动作；动词ing作定语与所修 饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即动词ing 相当于所修饰名词的谓语。
我们必须改进工作方法。
We must improve our working method. （定语）
他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
2. Mr Smith, ______ of the ______ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring C. tired; bored B. tiring; bored D. tiring; boring
解析：此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。 tired, moved, interested excited等过 去分词叙述的是人的本身感受；tiring, moving, interesting, exciting等现在分 词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。句意 为“史密斯先生对这个令人厌烦的讲话感受厌 倦了，所以开始读起一本小说来”。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补
动词ing作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。 例如： 我看见他正在上楼。 I saw him going upstairs. 我们看着她在过大街。 We watched her crossing the street. 我们听见她在房间里唱歌。 We heard her singing in her room。
3. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was ______ from the outside world. A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through 解析：cut out的意思是“切下；删除”。cut off意思是“切断；使(人、城镇)孤立”。cut up的意思是“切碎”。cut through的意思 是“穿越”。本句的意思是：他住院六个月感 到似乎与外界隔绝了。
必修4动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语二. 知识精讲（一）动词的ing形式作表语1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。
Her duty is taking care of the babies.照看婴儿是她的职责。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋The film we saw last night is quite moving.我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。
（二）动词的ing形式作定语1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。
a walking stick手杖 reading room 阅览室 washing machine洗衣机2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。
Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
动词-ing形式作定语表语和宾补
(作介词的宾语)
(作表语)
5、I bought my grandfather a walking stick. (作定语) (作表语) (作定语)
The apple tree, swaying gently in
the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop
of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在
They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faced the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房 The man standing there is Tom’s father. = The man who is standing there is Tom’s father.
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放 在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思 上相当于一个定语从句。如：
被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修
饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修 饰者的动作或状态。如：
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
英语动词-ing作表语、定语、宾语补足语
英语动词-ing作表语、定语、宾语补足语笔记整理一、非谓语动词分类Doing作主语/宾语—→动名词Doing 作表/定/补语—→现在分词Done 作表/定/补语—→过去分词To do 作主语/宾语—→不定式二、doing 作表语动名词作表语（判断标准：主语和表语可以换位）e.g. Reading is learning. 阅读是一种学习。
现在分词作表语（判断标准：主语与表语不可换位，且现在分词是形容词性的，表示主语的性质与特征）e.g. This food smells inviting. 这种食物香味怡人。
三、doing 作定语动名词作定语（仅作前置定语，用于表示用途）e.g. a reading room 阅览室a sleeping car 一辆停下的车现在分词作定语（单个现在分词作前置定语，现在分词短语作后置定语，强调表示动作正在进行）e.g. a flying bird 一只正在飞的小鸟The man speaking to the teacher is my father. 那个正在和老师说话的男人就是我父亲。
a sleeping boy. 一个正在睡觉的男孩。
四、doing 作宾语补足语（仅有现在分词）感官动词后（如：see/hear/smell/feel/find/watch/notice等）e.g. I heard someone knocking at the door.使役动词后（如：have/make/let/get/keep等）e.g. She made us waiting here for an hour. 她让我们白白等了一个小时。
注意：使役动词后接现在分词作为宾语补足语强调让某人一直在做，后接不定式作为宾语补足语强调让某人做某事。
With 的复合结构中e.g. With time going by. 随着时间的流逝。
动词ing 定语 表语 宾语补主语
必修四Unit 3 语法动词ing ---作表语.定语.宾语补足语动词ing形式是动词的一种谓语形式，有动词原形加ing构成，包括现在分词和动名词。
可以在句子中用作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。
一.用作表语。
1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语。
多表示一般性或抽象行为。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job。
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging,inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
The news is quite astonishing. 这个消息令人吃惊。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. 是我最担心的是，她每天都工作很晚。
(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。
Mike is listening to music.迈克正在听音乐。
（当前正在进行的动作）Mike’s favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好的听音乐（说明主语的情况）二. 作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语讲解学习
动词的i n g形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法
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动词-ing形式作定语表语和宾补
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising resቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱlt = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放 在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思 上相当于一个定语从句。如：
4. Peter received a letter just now _______ his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川2007) A. said B. say C. saying D. to say 5. I smell something _______ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全国卷 I) A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
*Can you smell anything burning? *As he spoke, he observed
everybody looking at him curiously.
*Listen to the birds singing. *I didn’t notice him waiting.
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验
（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）
② 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定
式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示
反复动作。如：
We heard the door slam. (一次动作) We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)
动词现在分词作表语,定语和宾补
动词现在分词作表语,定语和宾补动词–ing 形式作表语，定语和宾补一、动词-ing形式作表语：1、常用来说明主语的具体内容,主语和表语的位置可以互换。
译：他的工作是在当地的一间中学教化学。
2、表示主语所具有的性质、特征等。
译：不论我什么时候遇到困难，老师的话都极具感召力。
我们在那家工厂所看到的情况令人震惊。
二、动词-ing形式作定语:1、动词-ing形式作定语时，单个词常常放在被修饰词的前边，短语则放在被修饰词的后面。
Ving说明被修饰名词的用途时, 通常可以改为for短语；Ving说明被修饰名词发出的的动作时，可以转换成对应的定语从句。
Explain the phrases or setences in English: a sleeping car =a swimming pool = a swimming fish =a sleeping baby = a sleeping bag =a barking dog =Students wishing to go hiking should sigh their names here. =2、要注意现在分词做定语与过去分词，不定式作定语的区别：（1）现在分词作定语表示一个主动的，正在进行的动作。
（2）及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个被动的，已完成的动作。
（3）现在分词的被动语态（being+过去分词）作定语表示一个被动的，正在进行的动作。
（4）不定式作定语表示一个将要发生的动作。
用动词的适当形式填空：1) The new No. 1 Middle School (build) is to be completed ina couple of years.2) The woman (speak) with Tom is his mother.3) The computer center, (build) last term, is very popular among the students.4) The patient (examine) next is waiting outside,5) The texts (learn) this term is still remembered clearly.6)T h e b u i l d i n g(s e t)u p l a s t y e a r n o w i s o u r l i b r a r y.7)T h e b u i l d i n g(s e t)u p n o w w i l l b e o u r n e w c o m p a n y.8)T h e b u i l d i n g(s e t)u p n e x t y e a r w i l l b e o u r ne w c o m p a n y.9)T h e r e w a s a n o l d t e m p l e(s t a n d)a t t h e t o p of t h e h i l l.10)T h e r e w a s a n o l d m a n(l i v e)i n t h e v i l l a g e.11)H e w a s t h e f i r s t p e r s o n(c o m e)t o t h e c l a s s r o o m t h i s m o r n i n g.12)T h e o n l y t h i n g(g e t)i s t h e d i a m o n d n e c k l ac e.13)T h e(s u r p r i s e)n e w s m a d e u s(s u r p r i s e).14)T h e(i n t e r e s t)m a n,C h a p l i n,i n t e r e s t e d u s a l l.15)T h e r e a p p e a r e d a(w o r r y)l o o k o n h i s f a c e.16)S h e t r i e d t o h i d e h e r(d i s s a t i s f y)e x p r e s s i o n i n p u b l i c.17)The boy is wearing a tiger mask, so he is looking (frighten).18)译：falling leaves fallen leavesboiling water boiled water三．动词-ing形式做宾语补足语。
高中英语动词ing形式作表语定语宾语补足语和状语教案新人教版必修
高中英语动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语、补足语和状语教案新人教版必修一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握动词ing形式的用法，包括作表语、定语、宾语、补足语和状语。
2. 培养学生运用动词ing形式进行准确表达的能力。
3. 提高学生对英语语法知识的兴趣和积极性。
二、教学内容1. 动词ing形式作表语：描述主语的特征或状态。
2. 动词ing形式作定语：修饰名词或代词，表示事物的特征、性质或动作。
3. 动词ing形式作宾语：表示动作的承受者或动作的执行者。
4. 动词ing形式作补足语：补充说明宾语的状况或动作。
5. 动词ing形式作状语：表示时间、原因、条件等。
三、教学重点与难点1. 重点：动词ing形式的五种用法。
2. 难点：动词ing形式在句子中的功能和位置。
四、教学方法1. 采用案例分析法，通过具体例句讲解动词ing形式的用法。
2. 运用练习法，让学生在实际操作中掌握动词ing形式的用法。
3. 采用互动教学法，鼓励学生积极参与，提高课堂氛围。
五、教学步骤1. 引入：以日常生活中的动作为例，引导学生思考动词ing形式的用法。
2. 讲解：讲解动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语、补足语和状语的用法，并提供典型例句。
3. 练习：让学生分组练习，运用动词ing形式完成相关句子。
4. 展示：各小组展示练习成果，互相评价、纠正。
5. 总结：对本节课的内容进行总结，强调动词ing形式在句子中的功能和位置。
6. 作业：布置课后练习，巩固所学知识。
六、教学拓展1. 让学生了解动词ing形式在特定语境中的特殊用法，如固定搭配、习惯用法等。
2. 引导学生运用动词ing形式进行创意写作，提高语言表达能力。
七、课堂活动1. 举办小组竞赛，看哪个小组能在规定时间内完成最多的动词ing形式句子。
2. 邀请学生上台展示自己的创作，鼓励其他学生进行评价和纠正。
八、课后作业1. 完成课后练习题，巩固所学知识。
2. 收集生活中的动词ing形式用法，下节课分享。
动词的-ing形式-作定语和状语
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语，但要注意它的各种形式变化：
主动形式
被动形式
一般式 V-ing
being V-ed
完成式 having V-ed having been V-ed
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)，即加在含有 ing 这个单词的前面。
Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。
现在分词作状语
现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或 整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、 方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1)表时间状语
1.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
II. Rewrite the following sentences.
1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
_W_h_e_n__ _a_p_p_r_o_a_c_h_i_n_g Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
2. “Can’t you read?” the notice现. 在(M分ET词9作3)伴随状语
A. pointing
B. pointed
C. point
D. and pointing
3. __C__ a reply, he decided to write again.(MET92)
-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语
1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰
名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用
或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状
态。如：
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台
We heard the door slam.(一次动作) We heard the door slamming.(反复动作)
三、-ing形式作表语
-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用
来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身 份、性质或情况。如：
Байду номын сангаас
Her hobby is painting.
她的业余爱好是画画。
set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：
I won’t have you doing that.
This set me thinking.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
I can’t get the clock going again.
8. Charlie’s job was entertain people, wasn’t he? entertaining
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以
ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法[1]
![ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/6e65408ba0116c175f0e48c3.png)
- ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法1. 动词的ing形式包括动名词和现在分词，二者都可作表语。
如：Our job is playing all kinds of music . ( 动名词)The music they are playing sounds so exciting . ( 现在分词) 注：一般来讲，动名词( 短语) 作表语，主表可互换，即：Playing all kinds of music is our job .现在分词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，主表不可互换。
2. - ing形式做定语可以表示1 ) 所修饰名词的用途a waiting room ( = a room for waiting ) / a walking stick ( =a stick for walking )2 ) 所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式a waiting man ( = a man who is waiting ) / a sleeping child ( =a child who is sleeping )3 . 在see , hear , feel , watch , notice等感观动词后可以用- ing形式做宾语补足语。
这时- ing形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且- ing形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。
如：He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor . )Do you hear someone knocking at the door?1).做宾语补足语We watched three boys sharing their food with each other.2).做主语补足语She was heard singing in the next room.3).做表语和定语My job is teaching English. /a walking stick/a waiting room当-ing分词做定语的时候，常常放在被修饰名词的后面The girl singing now is a classmate of mine.4).做伴随、原因、时间、结果状语He sat at the desk reading a magazine.Being very young, he can't dress himself.Having finished all the work, they went to the shore.Her parents died, leaving her a big house.Attention to the following word order.1. food and clothing2. track and field3. northwest4. young and old5. sooner or later6. land and water7. you and I8. back and forth9. heavy and light 10. old and new 11. right and left 12. heat and cold 13. fire and water 14. rain or shine 15. rich and poor 16. eat and drink 17. long and thin 18. sweat and blood 19. back and belly 20. bed and board 21. flesh and blood 22. joy and sorrow 23. iron and steel 24. water and mountain 25. short and long 26. arms and hands 27. life and death 28. baby boy 29. ourselves and the enemy 30. hard and soft 31. chemistry andphysics 32. loss and gain 33. month and year 34. East China 35. here and now 36. bride and bridegroom 37. art and science 38. north , south , east and west 39. twos and threes 40. small and medium sizes动名词、分词和不定式都能作定语，它们在用法上区别如下：※动名词作定语只表示被修饰词的用途，不定式作定语通常表示未来的动作或含情态意味，现在分词作定语表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态，过去分词表示已经完成的动作或无时间性的行为。
动词的ing形式作定语和状语PPT学习教案
4. Having experienced the bitterness of laziness, Jack made up his mind to work hard.
5.Having been told that their parents had had an accident, the twin sisters burst into tears.
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有时也可用with (without) +名词 （代词宾格）+分词形式 （with 的复合结构） With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 v-ing 作独立成分： Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 considering···········考虑到········· assuming / supposing/ providing that..........假如 ·········
(=Since you are a student, you should study
hard.） 由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。
Thinking he might be at home, I called him.
(As I thought he might be at home, I called
country,__m__a_k_in__g_i_t _th_e__m__o_s_t _p_o_p_u_l_a_r _s_o_n_g___.
动词的ing形式作定语、表语和宾补
Unit3 Grammar-动词的ing形式作定语、表语和宾补一、动词-ing形式作定语1．单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2．作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。
如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.练习题1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school, most _____ werefrom Germany.A.study;of whomB.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussingB.to discussC.been discussedD.being discussed5.China is a _____ country ______ to the third world.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.---Who is the man ______ to the teacher?---A model worker _____ our school.A.talks,visitsB.is talking;is visitingC.talking; is visitingD.talking;visited7.The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smellB.smellingC.smeltD.to be smelt二、动词-ing形式作表语-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。
动词ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语ppt课件-2022届高三英语一轮复习
His hobby is collecting sYtoaumrptas.sk is cleaning tMhey jwoibndisoawrsra. nging the aSgeeinndgaisfobremlieyvbinogs. s.
My idea is making a plan
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二、 V-ing 作表语
(被发现吸烟) in school.
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See you next time!
3. 我们将这项运动称作远足。
We call the activity hiking.
4. 他们抬头看见一些大雁从头顶飞过。
They looked up and saw some wild geese flying overhead.
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四、 V-ing 作宾语补足语
动名词作宾补与现在分词作宾补的区别
(让机器开着)。（run）
2. What he said
(令人信服的)，and we can trust him.(convince)
3. The news
(令人感到惊讶的)，so we were all astonished at it. (astonish)
4. The building
(正在建) is our new library. (build)
5. He was caught
(偷车) and sent to the police station. (steal)
6. I saw him
(正在玩游戏) when I passed. (play)
7. Some old man have to walk with the help of
动词ing形式作定语表语和宾补PPT课件
二、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放
在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的 主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一 种状态。如：When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在门口。
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果
2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放 在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思 上相当于一个定语从句。如：
They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faced the
again. 你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。
3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
① 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表
示动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: We passed by the classmates and saw
the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。
We found the snake eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。
I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
动词的ing形式作表语
动词的ing 形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing 形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容, 可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词)The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。
3. 常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring,・・・・・丄・・■丄丄・・・/、'!、、encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising 等。
全析提示：动词-ing 形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night 的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing 形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing 形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
① 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法② 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
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动词的i n g形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very exciting.= The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）I felt somebody standing behind me.2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave 等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won‘t have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We heard the telephone ring.We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。
四、动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparations...)2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
(= Since he was ill...)3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.= and left him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons...如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Although they knew all this...尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= ...and stared at the sky for a long time他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
练习题1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs.1) _______(clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.2) All of us watched the hunter ________ (bring) down the dangerous bear.3) When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital.4) Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall) trees in the storm.5) The tall building _________ (build) now will be a hospital.6) The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, "I've lost my wallet."7) —What is a water can used for?—It's used to _________ (water) flowers or something like that.8) There was a terrible noise __________ (follow) the sudden burst of light.9) The missing boy was last seen _________ (play) near the river.10) In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _______ (point) at another person.2.-ing形式作补语练与析从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.A. being sung; sangB. sang; singingC. sung; singD. to be sung; to sing2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______.A. interesting; boringB. interested; boringC. interesting; boredD. interested; bored5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing6. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playedD. missed; to play8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked。