情态动词should, ought to, have to, must
情态动词语法
(4)情态动词shall用法
(1) shall用在主语是第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征 求对方的意见或向对方请示。如： What shall I get for dinner? 晚饭买点什么来吃？ —I'm sorry．The kids have been so noisy．Shall they go out for a while？ —No，not at all．They are lovely children． —对不起，孩子们太吵了。要不要他们出去一会儿？ —不，没事儿，孩子们挺可爱的。
4． 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 祝你成功！
(3)will 和 would的用法
1. 表示意愿 ,意志和决心,would表示过去的意愿。 • I will pay you at the rate you ask. • Go where you will. • He wouldn’t help me yesterday. 他昨天不愿帮助我。 • 2. 表示征求意见或提出请求 • 主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时 并不表过去，而表示委婉语气。如： • Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉? • Will [would] you please post the letter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好 吗?
should的用法
1．should 表示职责、义务、劝告、建议、命令，其同义 词是ought to； “应该”。往往表示说话者的观点。 He should learn to be more polite. 他应该学会更讲礼貌。 2. should表示推测.一般强调有一定的客观依据，按常理经验 进行推理，语气上不如must强，意为“按道理说应该”。 It„s nearly seven o‟clock. Jack should be here at any moment. 已经快七点了，按理说Jack该到了。
情态动词复习要点
情态动词复习要点一、can/could和may/might表示“许可”1. 两者都可以表示许可，常可互换。
如：Can(May)I borrow your knife?我可以借你的刀子吗？The teacher says we can(may)leave early tomorrow. 老师说我们明天可以早一点走。
2.表示请求许可时，用could/might 比用can/ might更委婉。
但肯定回答时要用can或may。
---Could(Might)I stay in your office? 我可以呆在你的办公室吗？--- Of course, you can(may). 当然可以。
3. 表示“禁止，不允许”时用must not(mustn’t)。
You mustn’t climb the tree. It’s dangerous. 你不能爬树，那危险。
二、can, could和be able to表示“能力”1. 在现在时中can, be able to可互换。
如：I can(am able to) write some English words now. 我现在会写一些英语单词了。
2. be able to还可用于将来时和完成时。
如：He will be able to see you tomorrow.他明天去拜访你。
I have been able to go to work for a week. 我已经上班一周了。
3. 在过去时中，could表示泛指的能力，was/were able to表示过去特定的某一次能力。
如：She could swim when she was ten. 她十岁时就会游泳了。
Only thirty people in the building were able to escape after the fire broke out. 大火爆发后只有三十人从大楼里逃了出来。
七年级英语下册《情态动词要点》
七年级英语下册《情态动词要点》分类情态动词有四类：①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)④具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中，情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see you. Come here.我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away.他一定走了。
What can I do for you?我能帮你吗?How dare you treat us like that!你怎能那样对待我们!特点情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。
情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
He could be here soon.他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起，我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体，本身无词义)I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：1) 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。
情态动词的用法总结
情态动词的用法总结下面是小编整理的一些关于情态动词的用法总结，欢迎大家阅读!possibility: can / could, may / mightcertainty: must, will, shouldability: can / could, be able topermission: can / could, may / mightrequests: can / could, will / wouldsuggestions: could / may /might, shallnecessity: must, have to, have got to, needadvice: ought to, had better情态动词的语法特征1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加- s (have to, have got to, be able to 除外)。
2. 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
3. 情态动词本身具有一定词义, 但意思不够完整, 不能单独做谓语, 后接动词原形一起构成谓语部分 (ought to, have to/have got to, be able to除外)。
4. 情态动词无非谓语形式,即无不定式、分词等形式。
Sum up1. can和be able to1) can (could) 表示能力、可能, 只用于现在式和过去式2) be able to可以用于各种时态。
只用be able to的情况：a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/ were able to,不能用could。
注意:could还可不表示时态,只表示1) 提出委婉的请求,回答中不可用could。
--- Could I have the television on?--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.2) 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
近义词辨析-------ought,should,must,haveto,need表示义务
近义词辨析-------ought，should，must，have to，need表示义务must和have to的各种形式A mustmust是情态动词。
（参见第107节B。
）它用于现在时和将来时。
否定式：must not／mustn't疑问式：must I？等否定疑问式：must I not？／mustn't I？等过去时用had to代替。
must与不带to的不定式（即动词原形）连用。
它可表示义务和语气较强的劝告：Father：You must get up earlier in the morning．父亲：你早晨必须起早一点。
（义务）You must take more exercise．Join a squash club．你应该多锻炼。
参加一个壁球俱乐部吧。
（劝告）B have tohave to（不带got）与否定式don't／doesn't have to是表示习惯性行动的正确形式，但也可以用于表示一次性行动。
在美国英语中是普遍使用的。
have（got）to和haven't（got）to只用于表示一次性行动：Tom：I have to go to work every day except Sunday．But I don't have towork a full day on Saturday．汤姆：除了星期天外我必须每天去上班，但星期六我不必干一整天。
但在星期天他可以说：I'm glad I haven't（got to go to work today．／I'm glad I don't have to go to work today．我真高兴，今天不必上班。
过去式didn't have to既可表示过去的习惯，也可表示一次性行动。
hadn't（got）to多用于表示一次性行动。
情态动词
Must I do it at once? Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.或No, you don’t have to. 或 We must obey all the rules. You must not smoke here. ② must还可表示必然结果 还可表示必然结果 All men must die. 人固有一死。 人固有一死。 If you don’t hurry, you must miss the train. 如果不快点，你必然要误车。 如果不快点，你必然要误车。 2. Have to 着重客观需要，能用于更多事态（过去，将来） 着重客观需要，能用于更多事态（过去，将来） He will have to be there before ten. 10点以前他得到那里。 点以前他得到那里。 点以前他得到那里 As he had broken his leg, he had to lie in bed. 因为断了腿，他不得不躺在床上。 因为断了腿，他不得不躺在床上。 3. Ought to表示义务和责任，“应该”，比should 语气强。 表示义务和责任， 应该” 语气强。 表示义务和责任
中学英语：情态动词
need dare
1. need和dare有情态动词与实义动词两种用法。 在疑问句与否定句中，两种都可以用 在肯定句中只能用实义动词 2. need doing可表被动
情态动词
• 情态动词是时表词 • 情态动词后加动词原型
can could
• 表能力 • 他会开车吗 • 你会说英语吗 • 你老师能告诉你为什么吗 • 他什么时候能 would may might
must shall need
have to should ought to be supposed to do dare
can could
1能力 could 是can的过去式 2许可 could 比 can 更委婉 3推测 can不能用于肯定句，但有两种情况下可以： ①理论上不可能而实际有可能时
• 你之前会说英语吗 • 他那个时候会弹钢琴吗
表许可
• 我可以见他吗 • 我可以跟他学英语吗 • 我能进来吗 • 你能告诉我吗
表推测
• 那不可能是真的 • 他们会在干什么呢 • 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿 • 你可能是对的
• Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. • 即使有经验的老师也可能出错 • It can only be my teacher • 只能是我的老师
肯定句
• 我敢吃这个 • 我们必须敢想 • 我们应该敢于说英语 • 我敢开车
表推测
肯定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 否定句
• can could • may might • must should
can't
couldn't
may not might not
表提出建议或请求，允许，许可
情态动词
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①表能力、可能性、许可 Could you hear that all right？ 你能听清楚吗？ ②用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，回答 时用原形 2．could He said he could come to the party. 他说他会来参加聚会。 —Could I use your dictionary？ “我能用一下你的词典吗？” —Yes， you can. “行，可以。”
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二、情态动词的用法 can(能)；may(可能)；could(可能)；might 表示推测 (可能)；must(一定)；should(应该)；ought to 情 (应该)；will/would(会)
态 表示义
must(必须)；have to(不得不)；should(应该)；
动 务、责任、ought to(应该)；need(有必要)；needn't(没有 词 必要性 表示能力 必要)；don't have to(不必)；had better(最好) can(能够)；could(能够，过去时)；be able to (能够)
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一、概述 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如需要、可能、 愿意和怀疑等。情态动词有一定的词义，但不完整，必
须和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语，常用的情态动词有：
can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare 以及 shall, will, should, would；下面短语也表达情态动词的意 义：be able to, be to do, had better, have to。
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12．dare多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
What's the matter — daren't you read what it says?
有关情态动词的10条学习要点
有关情态动词的10条学习要点1. 弄清基本语法特点情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词。
常见的情态动词有can, may, must, nee d, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rat her等。
情态动词具有以下3个特点：(1)情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(2)情态动词虽有时态的变化，但却没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。
(3)变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词，而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句，直接在情态动词后加not，构成否定句。
2. 弄清表示能力的can / could和be able to的用法(1) can表示具有某种能力或技能，意为“能，会”。
如：Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题？(2)can 的过去式为could，但它通常只表示过去一般性能力，不表示过去特定场合下的能力，遇此情况要用 was [were] able to。
如：Though the fire spread quickly through the hotel,everyone here was able to escape from being killed.They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up. 他们在船爆之前跳入海里。
3. 弄清表示许可的can / could / may / might / must的用法can / could / may / might均可表示许可，只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可，而can 较侧重客观情况的许可；could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气；在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may，不能用 could / might。
ought to, have to, mustn’t, needn’t的用法
ought to, have to, mustn’t, needn’t观察下列三组句子，注意情态动词ought to，have to，mustn’t和needn’t的不同用法。
1. ought to1) You oughtn’t to make private phone calls in work time.在工作时间你不应该打私人电话。
2) He ought to be there by now.他现在应该到那儿了。
3) Ought I to write to apologize to her？我应该向她写信道歉吗？4) They ought to come tomorrow, oughtn’t they (= shouldn’t they)? 他们应该明天来，是吗？2. have to1) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。
2) —Must I finish the task right now？我现在必须完成这项任务吗？—Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的，你必须。
（—No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不，不必。
）3) You don’t have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告诉他。
4) —Do you have to go now. 你现在就得去吗？—Yes, I do. 是的，我必须去。
3. mustn’t与needn’t1) Smoking must not be allowed in the office.严禁在办公室吸烟。
2) —Must we hand in our exercises today?我们今天必须交作业吗？—Yes, you must. 是的，必须交。
ought,should,must,have to,need的区别
ought，should，must，have to，need的区别ought的各种形式ought是情态动词。
ought没有其他形式，可用于现在时以及将来时。
用于过去时则位于动词过去式之后或不定式的完成式之前：I ought to write to him today／tomorrow．我今天／明天应该给他写封信。
I knew I ought to write to him．我那时知道我应该给他写封信。
She said I ought to write．她说我应该写。
I know／knew that I ought to have written．我知道／那时知道我该写的。
否定式：ought not/oughtn't疑问式：ought I？等否定疑问式：ought I not？／oughtn't I？等ought与带to的不定式连用。
为了提醒学生这一点，常称之为ought to。
问句或话语中用ought to的时候，可以用should来回答；用should的问句或话语也可以用ought to回答：—You ought to put in central heating．—Yes，I suppose I should．—你应该装上暖气。
—是的，我应该装。
should的各种形式should也是情态动词。
与ought的各种形式相同，should可用于现在时以及将来时。
如位于动词过去式之后时，也可以用于过去时。
在上文的各例句中should可代替ought to使用。
否定式：should not／shouldn't疑问式：should I？等否定疑问式：should I not？/shouldn't I？等should后面带没有to的不定式（即动词原形）。
should和ought用于表示义务时通常意思是同样的，但should 是较为常用的形式。
在会话中should／ought to常可单独使用，此时动词不定式省略而不说出：—You should paint/ought to paint your door．—Yes，I know I should／I know I ought to．—你应当油漆—下你的门。
情态动词
情态动词情态动词表示说话人对动作的态度，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。
情态动词本身可以有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与不带to的动词不定式(ought to, used to, have to, be able to除外)连用，没有人称和数的变化。
一、情态动词的类型1.词形没有变化的有：must, should, shall, had better等。
2.词形有变化的有：can(could), may(might), will(would)等。
3.带to的有：ought to, used to, have to, be able to等。
4.dare, need既可以作情态动词，也可以作行为动词，具有双重词性。
二、情态动词的基本用法情态动词和一般动词不同，不表示动作，只表示可能、必要、意愿、猜测、能力、允许等多种意思；并且情态动词在语义功能上，往往会出现相互交叉现象，即同一语言功能可以用不同的情态动词来表达。
(一)can与could[典型例题]1.The biggest problem for most plants, which ____ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A.shan'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.mustn't2.She ____ have left school, for her bike is still here.A.can'tB.wouldn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't用适当的情态动词填空。
3.____ I use your mobile phone for a call?4.How I wish I ____ fly in the sky![试题解析及语法归纳]1.B。
情态动词用法总结
2、第二、三人称陈述句中 、第二、
shall/should
2、
+ have +p.p 表示本应该做而未做。 表示本应该做而未做。 ought to Eg. You should have been five minutes ago.
18
五、 will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉 表示请求、建议等， 更委婉 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 表示意志、愿望和决心。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad.
2) shall 用于 (考点一 第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、 考点一) 考点一 第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、 警告、允诺或威胁。 警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告 警告) 警告 允诺) 2. He shall have me the book when I finish it.(允诺 允诺 3. He shall be punished.(威胁 威胁) 威胁
1.在否定、肯定句中表示对过去动作的推测 在否定、 在否定 “也许是……” 也许是 2. Might+have+p.p表示虚拟，表“劝告、责备之意。 表示虚拟， 劝告、责备之意。 表示虚拟
Eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday.（委婉推测） 2. You might have told me earlier.（你或许可以早点告诉我，但 实事上没有，有责备之意）
情态动词
情态动词（一）情态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语．只作情态动词的can/could, may/might,ought to，must可情态可实义的need, dare/dared可情态可助动词的shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的have to, used tomust , can/could, may/might 的用法1.must 表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。
e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。
There must be something wrong with the computer你努力学了一整天，一定累了吧You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.must , can/could, may/might 的用法注意：must用于肯定句中可表示―偏偏‖。
Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter must go and do the opposite.自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情.2.must +be doing/do 表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测e.g.他现在一定在看小说.He must be reading novels now.他们买了一辆新车。
他们一定很有钱.They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.3.must +have done 表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断e.g.他们在玩篮球，他们一定完成了作业。
They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework.路是湿的。
昨天晚上一定下雨了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.对现在或将来情况推测：must +动词原形。
常用的情态动词
1.情态动词本身有词义, 但词义不完全.2.不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语.3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化( 除“have to”).1. can /could1）can ,could 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈”As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.2)表示推测时，主要用在否定句或疑问句中。
can’t be\couldn’t be “肯定不是……, 不可能…”It’s so late. Can Tom be reading?It can’t be Mary. She has fallen ill.can/could not be doing “肯定不是正在做……”can/could not have done “过去不可能做某事”3）can/could have done 用于肯定句中“本来能做”You could have had a better mark.4）---Could (Can) you…?--- Yes, I can (不用could)--- May I use your computer?--- Of course you can.5) cannot （help\choose）but +动词原形“不得不，只能”I cannot help but tell her the truth.cannot help it “控制不住，没有办法”cannot …too……“无论怎样也不为过”I cannot thank you too muchcannot help doing sth 禁不住做某事6）couldn‘t +动词原形+比较级（再…不过了）It couldn't be better.I couldn't agree with you more.2may与might用法1.) 表示推测时，用于陈述句，表示把握不大。
情态动词提示
情态动词情态动词基本用法：在英语中主要的情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, need , ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 1．情态动词的特征（1）情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完成，因此不能单独作谓语，只能和其他的动词原形一起构成谓语。
（2）情态动词后接的动词不定式一律不带to。
（3）情态支词不随人称变化而变（即不管是何人称，后面接的情态动词都一样）。
（4）含有情态动词的否定都是由“情态动词+not”构成的，如：can-can not may-may not need-need not（5）含有情态动词的疑问句的构成May I come in?我可以进来吗？Can you lend me some money?你能借给我一些钱吗？注意：含有have to 的句子变成疑问句时不同。
如：I have to go today,今天我必须走，Do you have to go today?你今天必须走吗？情态动词注意点：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。
但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。
be able to有更多的时态。
两者不能重叠使用。
2. used to和would:used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。
3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。
其形式为：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…?做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。
其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do 注意：句型I dare say+从句(我肯定……) = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。
英语情态动词(2)
3.He must have gone to Beijing. 他一定已经去北京了。
can/could+have done表示对过去的 行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句 和疑问句中。
4. You ___C_____ such a long composition. The teacher only asked for 300 words. You have written
600.
A. mustn’t have written written
C. needn’t have written write
A. must be
B. must have been
C. should be
D. should have been
4. ---There were already five people in the car,
but they managed to take me as well.
----It __D__a comfortable journey
A. can’t be
B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
5. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack _C__be here at
any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. could
shouldn’t he?
have to
have to 表示客观需要去做的事情，意为 “必须，不得不。”
9 情态动词
4
3.Must +have done 表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定 判断 他们在玩篮球， 他们一定完成了作业。
They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework. 路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
21
may 1. I don't know where she is, she _______ be in Wuhan. must be marking 2. At this moment, our teacher ________________
our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
14
Shall/should
1.shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令， 警告，允诺或威胁。 1)You shall go with me.(命令) 2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3)He shall be punished.(威胁) 2. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意 见和向对方请示。 4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意见） 5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示) 3.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三 人称中。 6) “The interest ___be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must √ shall D.
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表示“应该”和“必须”的情态助动词should, ought to, have to 与must（1）表示不可逃避的义务或表示“必须”的must。
must通常只用于现在时和将来时，其他时态则用have to代替。
have to比must往往更强调客观的要求或外在的原因：In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。
Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress.去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。
（2）should 和ought to都可译为“应该”，表示义务、责任或某个正确的行为。
ought to 比should语气略强些，多用于肯定句；疑问句与否定结构则多用should。
与它们相比，must 和have to 的语气要强得多，没有选择余地：must和have to表示“必须”，而should和ought to表示“责任”、“义务”或是“一个正确的行动”。
试比较：I can’t go to the cinema tonight; I must (or have to) write some letters.今晚我不能去看电影，我必须写几封信。
（我没有选择，我必须而且将会写这些信。
）I should (or ought to) do some work tonight, but I think I shall go to the cinema instead.今晚我应当做一些工作，不过我想我会去看电影的。
（对我来说，正确的做法是工作，但是我选择了去看电影。
）（3）had to表示“过去的必须”，表示过去必须做某事。
should be doing(应正在做)，而“should( ought to)+have+过去分词”表示过去应该做（或完成）而没有做的事，我们经常翻译为“本该做…”。
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.（我没有选择，只有叫计程车）I’m sorry I’m late, I should(or ought to) have taken a taxi.（我知道正确的做法应该是叫车来的，但是我没有叫。
）You ought to （should）have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。
否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
例如：He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。
（事实上已扔了。
）Have使役式（The causative）（1）动词have除了可以作为助动词构成完成时以外，还可以作为完全动词表示“拥有”或代替take, eat, receive, experience 等动词（cf. 第18课语法）：Did you have a good meal?您吃得好吗？He has five cars.他有5辆汽车。
have+名词可以代替普通动词：They had a nice swim.他们很畅快地游了泳。
（2）have作为完全动词还可以构成使役式，其形式为：have+名词或宾格代词+动词的过去分词(have sth. Done)。
由于have是完全动词，所以其疑问句与否定句由do/did构成。
与被动语态相似，使役式着重表示的是对某物（或某人）做了什么而不是某人做了什么。
我们经常翻译为“让人来做某事”。
试比较：I’m repairing my car.我在修理自己的汽车。
（主动语态）My car is being repaired.我的汽车正在检修。
（被动语态）I’m having my car repaired.我正在让别人修理我的汽车。
（使役式的进行式）用被动语态或使役式时，我们可能不知道或认为不必指明为我们服务的人是谁。
然而，使役式比被动语态更加强调“使”别人为我们服务这一事实。
我们要表示让别人为我们做某事时，通常不用主动语态。
让别人给自己理发时，不可说I want to cut my hair而要说I want to have my hair cut。
I washed my car.(I washed it myself.)我洗了车。
I had my car washed.(Someone else washed it for me.)我让人洗了车。
I'm going to clean my suit.(I'm going to clean it by myself.)我将洗一洗我的西服。
I'm going to have my suit cleaned.(Someone else will do it for me.)我将把我的西服送出去洗一洗。
He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理了发。
I will have to have my watch repaired.我将不得不去修表。
Did you have your watch repaired?你把你的表修好了吗？I didn't have my watch repaired.我没有把表修好。
使役式也可以用以指人：While I'm away, I'll have you looked after.1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ backA. comeB. comesC. will comeD. came2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.A. tries…buysB. tries… buiesC. trys… buysD. trys… buies3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.A. cathcs…dancesB. catches… dancesC. catchs…danceesD. catches… dancee4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.A.Do…enjoyB. Does… enjoiesC. Does… enjoysD. Does…enjoy5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.A. Do…hearB. Does…hea rC. Do… receiveD. receive6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?A. Does…doesB. Do…doesC. Does…doD. Do… do7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.A. Has…x…doesB. Has…x…doesC. Does…has…hasD. Does…have…does8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?A. does …givesB. does… giveC. do… giveD. gives9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.A. does he…NoB. does he…YesC. doesn't he…NoD. doesn't he…Yes10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?A. goes…doesn'tB. goes…isn'tC. doesn't go…doesD. doesn't go…is11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.A. watchB. watchesC. watchingD. is watching12. We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.A. snowB. snowsC. will snowD. snowed13. Neither I nor he ______ French.A. speakB. doesn't speakC. speaksD. doesn't speak14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.A. carryB. bringC. takesD. carries16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.A. swimming… playingB. swimming…plaiingC. swimming… I playingD. swimming…plaing17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .A. playing… danceB. playing… dancingC. play… dancingD. play… dance18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.A. is beginningB. is beginningC. beginD. begins19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?A. Does…getsB. Does…getC. Is…gettingD. Is…geting20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.A. is writing…is writingB. is writing… writesC. writes… is writingD. writes… writes21. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday.A. go…goB. am going… goC. go… am goingD. am going…am going22. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ?A. have…doB. have…don'tC. are having…areD. are having… aren't23. You ______ about the future now, ______ you ?A. don't think…d on'tB. aren't thinking… aren'tC. don't think… doD. aren't thinking… are24. She always ______ something whenever she ______.A .studied…played B. studied…plaied C.. studied…plaied D. studied… played25. He often _____ late in the forest. It _____ me very much.,A. stayed…worriedB. staied… worriedC. stayed…worryedD. staied… worried26. I ______that the boy _____ with no tears in his eyes.A. noticed… cryedB. noticed… criedC. noticed…criedD. noticed… cryed27. We _____the floor and _____ all the windows.A. mopped… cleannedB. moped… cleanedC. mopped…cleanedD. moped… cleaned28. When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy.A. visited… jumppedB. visited… jumpedC. vi sited… jumpedD. visited… jumpped29. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they ______.A. Did they have... did B. Did they have... had C. Had they... had D. Had they (i)30. ____ you _____out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I ______.A. Di d...went...went B. Did...go... went C. Did...went... did D. Did...go (i)31. _____ Jack _____ on with his work or ______ to have a rest?A. Did…went… stoppedB. Did…go… stopC. Did…went… stopD. Did…go… stopped32. You gave them a talk two days ago, _____you ? Yes, I ______.A. did… didB. did… gaveC. didn't… didD. didn't… gave33. ____ your brother _____ a letter to ? My father.A. Who… wroteB. What…wroteC. Who did…writeD. What did… write34. They _____ about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often ____ such talksA. talked…hadB. talk…haveC. were talking…hadD. are talking…have35. He ______ some cooking at that time, so _____ me.A. did… heardB. did… didn't hearC. was doing… heardD. was doing… didn't hear36. " _____ you angry then?" "They_ too much noise.”A. Are…were makingB. Were…were makingC. Are…madeD. Were… made37. This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike. He _____ TV.A. repaired… didn't watchB. was repairing… watchedC. repaired… watchedD. was repairing … wasn't watching38. We _____ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.A. were waiting… waitingB. were waiting… waitC. waited… waitingD. waited… wait39. When you _____ at the door, I _____ some washing.A. knocked… didB. was knocking… didC. knocked… was doingD. knock… am doing40. The boy_____ English on the radio when I _____ his door.A. learned… was openingB. was le arning… openedC. learned… openedD. is learning… open41. When they______ through the forest, a bear _____ at them.A. walked… was comingB. were walking… cameC. were talking… comesD. walk… is coming42. A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .A. watched… was finishingB. was watching… finishedC. watched… finishedD. was watching… was finishing43. While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kack.A. did… madeB. was doing… madeC. was doing… was makingD. did… was making44. I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _____ to work.A. was teaching… didn't goB. taught… didn't goC. was teaching… wentD. taught… went45. He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.A. makesB. is makingC. was makingD. made46. I ______ a letter at nine last night.A. is writingB. was writingC. wroteD. is writing47. The teacher_____ (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom.A. gaveB. is givingC. was givenD. was giving48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _______.A. last SundayB. next SundayC. every SundayD. this Sunday49. We ______ class meeting this November. A. had B. have C. will have D. are having50. He ______ in his garden every morning next year.A.will workB. worksC. workedD. is working51. Be careful. The train ______. A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming52. Look at those clouds. It _____ soon, I'm afraid.A. is going to rainB. is rainingC. will rainD. won't rain53. The radio says it ______ the day after tomorrow.A. is going to snowB. is snowingC. will snowD. snows54. _____ he _____ some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?A. Will…doesB. is going to doC. is…doingD. Shall… do55. What day _____ it ______ tomorrow ? Wednesday.A. is… going to beB. will…beC. shall…beD. does…be56. The boy _______ sixteen years old next year.A. is going to beB. is growing to beC. will beD. is57. _____ you ____ me up at six, please ?A. Are…going to wakeB. Are…wakingC. Will…wakeD. Do…wake58. If he ______ to college, he _____ a lot more.A. will go…will learnB. will go…is going to learnB.is going… is going to learn D. goes… will learn59. When she _____ next time ,l ______ her everything.A. is going to come…shall tellB. will come…shall tellC. comes…will tellD. come…will tell1—5 BABDB 6—10 CDDBA 11—15 BBCCD16—20 CBDCC 21-25 BDDDA 26—30 BCBAD 31—35 BCCCD36—40 BDACB 41-45 BDCAC 46—50 BDDCA 51—55 DACBB56—60 CCDCDA 1shouldn't 3don't have to 3 mustn't 4 shouldn't 5mustn't 6 doesn't have toB I'm sorry I'm a little late for my appointment. I had to go to the bank. 2. I know I really ought to have finished this report last night, but I was just too tired to do any more work. 3. Jim now knows what he should have answered when his boss asked him to work overtime,but he couldn't think quickly enough. 4. I'm sorry. I shouldn't have told you the banks are shut after 4.00 in the afternoon. 5. Of course the photocopier doesn't work. Shouldn't you have switched it on first? \C 1can't have 2 can't have 3 needn't have 4 needn't have 5 can't have 6 needn't haveD 1. let me down 2 let the man off 3 let the dog out 4 accept 5 got dressed 6 dress upE Yesterday was my birthday. When the postman came, in my excitement I just opened the letters, cards and two small parcels. I ought to have looked at the names and addresses more carefully. I can't have noticed your name and address on one of the parcels. I am sending it on to you. Please accept my sincere apologies.情态动词一.情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。