欧盟商标指令
德国与欧盟知识产权保护制度简介
德国与欧盟知识产权保护制度简介在当今全球化的经济环境中，知识产权的保护对于创新和经济发展起着至关重要的作用。
德国作为欧洲的经济大国，以及欧盟这个庞大的经济体，都拥有着较为完善和严格的知识产权保护制度。
德国的知识产权保护制度历史悠久且不断发展完善。
在专利方面，德国专利法对发明给予了明确的保护。
发明专利的授予需要具备新颖性、创造性和实用性。
德国的专利审查程序严谨，以确保专利的质量和有效性。
对于实用新型专利，其保护的要求相对较低，审查程序也较为简便，能为一些技术改进提供较快的保护。
商标是企业品牌形象的重要组成部分，德国的商标法为商标所有者提供了有力的保护。
商标可以是文字、图形、颜色组合等，只要具有显著特征，能够将商品或服务与其他提供者区分开来。
德国不仅对在本国注册的商标进行保护，对于在欧盟范围内注册的商标，也依照相关法律予以保障。
著作权在德国的知识产权体系中同样占据重要地位。
文学、艺术和科学领域的作品，如书籍、音乐、电影等，自创作完成之时起，作者就自动享有著作权。
这种保护不仅涵盖了作品的复制和传播，还包括对作品的改编和公开表演等权利。
德国的知识产权执法机制也相当健全。
在民事领域，知识产权所有者可以通过向法院提起诉讼来维护自己的权益，要求侵权者停止侵权行为，并赔偿相应的损失。
刑事方面，对于严重的知识产权侵权行为，如大规模的盗版和假冒，会受到刑事处罚。
在欧盟层面，知识产权保护制度也在不断加强和统一。
欧盟通过一系列的指令和法规，协调成员国之间的知识产权法律，以促进欧盟内部市场的统一和公平竞争。
欧盟的专利制度旨在建立一个统一的专利体系，即“欧洲专利”。
获得欧洲专利的发明在多个欧盟成员国都能得到保护，这大大降低了专利申请人的成本和程序复杂性。
欧盟的商标制度以“欧盟商标”为核心。
注册一个欧盟商标，可以在整个欧盟范围内获得保护，无需在每个成员国分别注册。
这为企业在欧盟范围内开展业务提供了便利，也加强了对商标权的保护力度。
欧盟商标条例
欧盟商标条例欧洲法庭(European Court of Justice，以下简称ECJ)最近对议会法案40/94号条例(欧洲商标条例)第7条(1)(c)作出了解释，以期解决商标的描述性问题[注1]。
ECJ认为，在“绿箭”(Doublemint)的共同体商标(CTM)[注2]注册诉讼中，一审法庭作出的关于商标是否具有排他性描述的判决是错误的。
第7条(1)(c)的检验法则是，商标是否完全由描述性符号组成。
在欧盟，无论是CTM还是国内商标，有三种情况是被绝对禁止注册的：1.不符合商标定义的;2.不具可注册性的，即无显著性的、带有描述性的、普遍性的符号;3.违反公共利益,道德,法律,欺骗性的或违背信用原则的。
40/94号条例第7条(1)(c)对不得注册的商标这样陈述：“完全由服务和交易的种类、质量、数量、使用目的、价值、地理来源或者生产时间、服务的表现，或者其他描述或暗示产品和服务的标志组成的商标，不得被注册。
”在Doublemint案件的最终裁决中，ECJ发现一审法庭没有正确适用欧共体商标规则中关于禁止描述性标志被注册为商标的条款。
案情背景箭牌公司的“绿箭”口香糖(Doublemint)在美国已经受了多年的商标保护。
1996年3月29日，箭牌公司向俄亥俄州申请“Doublemint”一词的联合商标，涉及包括口香糖在内的各种商品。
而俄亥俄州的审查员认为，Doublemint一词作为两个词的合成，包含了产品的特征。
根据40/94号条例第7条(1)(c)，该商标将不能获得注册。
紧随着否决，箭牌公司向一审法庭提起上诉，请求撤销原判。
一审一审法庭受理了该上诉，认为第7条(1)(c)意在禁止那些纯描述性的标志被注册，因为这将导致对商品与其同类产品的区别困难。
那些含义超越排他性描述的标志和指示可以被注册为联合商标。
该法庭还说，Doublemint一词并不具有排他的描述性。
首先，“Double”这个形容词并不常用;其次，当与“mint”一词连用的时候，将有两个明显的可能含义：常用薄荷剂量的两倍，或者两种口味的薄荷合成，因为薄荷这个术语包含许多种类的内涵。
UKCA,CE,WEEE等EU法规标签大全
CE Marking 的要求按照指令要求：--The CE marking shall be affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly to the electrical equipment or to its data plate. Where that is not possible or not warranted on account of the nature of the electrical equipment, itshall be affixed to the packaging and to the accompanying documentsCE标记应明显、清晰、可靠。
如果由于电气设备的性质,不可能或不允许的（例如size过小）,则应贴在包装上，并附上相关文件。
--1：If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged, the proportions given in the graduated drawing in paragraph 3 shall be respected.（CE标志缩小或者放大，应当按照第三款刻度图中规定的比例进行）--2：Where specific legislation does not impose specific dimensions, the CE marking shall be at least 5 mm high.如果具体的法规没有规定具体的尺寸，那么CE marking 至少要求5mm 高度--3：The CE marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’ taking the following form:CE标志须包括首字母“CE”，其形式如下:现场检查，要特别注意如下几点：1：判断产品是否需要具备CE mark (可根据booking 上货物出口的目的地以及产品本身的属性进行判断)2：检查CE mark 印刷比例是否标准3: 测量CE mark 的高度是否满足要求4：检查CE mark 的位置是否满足法规要求UKCA marking 的要求UKCA 标志（英国合规评估标志）推荐的英国产品标志要求，将产品投放到英国市场需申请该标志。
欧盟CE认证的指令有哪些
欧盟CE认证，即只限于产品不危及人类、动物和货品的安全方面的基本安全要求，而不是一般质量要求，协调指令只规定主要要求，一般指令要求是标准的任务。
因此准确的含义是：CE标志是安全合格标志而非质量合格标志，是构成欧洲指令核心的"主要要求"。
欧盟CE认证机构港易质量认证公司，在欧洲认证咨询方面有多年的经验总结：“CE”标志是一种安全认证标志，被视为制造商打开并进入欧洲市场的护照。
欧盟CE认证指令要求有：1、机械指令（MD）；2、建筑产品指令（CPD）；3、低电压指令（LVD）；4、医疗器械指令（MDD）；5、无线电与通讯（RED）；6、个人防护产品（PPE）；7、娱乐游艇设备（RCD）；8、燃具设备（90/396/EEC）；9、电磁兼容性（EMC）；10、电梯指令（Lift）；11、防爆指令（ATEX）；12、热水锅炉器具（92/42eec）。
在欧盟市场“CE”标志属强制性认证标志，不论是欧盟内部企业生产的产品，还是其他国家生产的产品，要想在欧盟市场上自由流通，就必须加贴“CE”标志，以表明产品符合欧盟《技术协调与标准化新方法》指令的基本要求。
这是欧盟法律对产品提出的一种强制性要求。
CE认证公告机构Notified Body指定机构NB，是由欧盟成员国提名，由欧盟委员会指定的机构。
进行CE合格评定，具有对产品安全性提供法律解释权，许多指令需要指定机构的参与，部分指令称指定机构为”能力机构“或”授权机构“。
港易质量认证公司专业办理，以最短的周期做最权威的CE认证，以确保您的产品出口欧盟能够顺利清关，被国外客户认可产品的质量。
港易质量认证公司是一家专业的从事于产品出口认证咨询，质量体系认证咨询，信用评级咨询，产品检测咨询的技术服务型公司，与ITS、SGS、CONTECNA、CCIC、CQC等国内外机构建立了良好的业务合作关系，为国内厂家的认证提供便利。
港易质量认证公司致力于为客户提供海关联盟CU-TR认证、俄罗斯GOST认证、尼日利亚SONCAP认证、沙特SASO认证、肯尼亚PVOC认证、乌干达PVOC认证、坦桑尼亚PVOC认证、南非LOA 认证，埃及COI认证、欧盟CE认证、CB认证、加纳CTN，科威特KUCAS认证、伊拉克COC认证、澳洲SAA认证、美国DOT认证、美国FDA认证、日本PSE认证、印尼SNI认证、泰国TISI认证、印度BIS认证、BSCI认证、加拿大CSA认证等等、提供安全、电磁兼容、化学、性能测试、环境测试等全方位的技术服务。
欧盟EuP指令中文版
欧洲议会和欧盟理事会第2005/32/EC 号指令2005 年7 月6 日为规定耗能产品的生态设计要求建立框架并修订第92/42/EEC 号和第96/57/EC 号理事会指令与欧洲议会和欧盟理事会第2000/55/EC 号指令欧洲议会和欧盟理事会注意到《建立欧洲欧共体条约》，尤其是其中第95 条，注意到欧盟委员会的提议，注意到欧洲经济与社会委员会的意见1执行《条约》第251条规定的程序2，鉴于：注：1OJ C 112, 30.4.2004, 第25 页。
2.欧洲议会2004 年4 月20 日意见(OJ C 104 E, 30.4.2004,第319 页)，理事会2004 年11 月29 日共同立场(OJ C 38E, 15.2.2005, 第45 页)，欧洲议会2005 年4 月13 日立场和理事会2005 年5 月23 日决定。
(1) 各成员国实施的与耗能产品生态设计相关的法律或行政措施不一致会产生贸易壁垒并扭曲共同体内的竞争，或许因而对内部市场的建立及其作用产生直接影响。
各国法律的协调一致是防止此类贸易壁垒和不公平竞争的唯一途径。
(2) 耗能产品(EuPs)在共同体自然资源和能源消耗中占有很大比例。
它们对环境也有其他许多重要的影响。
就共同体市场可获得的大部分种类产品而言，尽管它们功能相似，但可以发现其对环境的影响程度截然不同。
为了可持续发展，应鼓励主要通过对环境负面影响主要来源的确定和避免污染转移的方式，持续改善那些产品对环境的总体影响，只要这种改善不会产生过多的费用。
(3) 产品的生态设计是共同体一体化产品政策战略的一个至关重要的因素。
作为一种预防性的措施，它在保持产品功能质量的同时，通过设计使产品环境性能最大化，为制造商、消费者和社会整体提供了真正的全新机会。
(4) 能效的提高—连同供选方案之一，使电力的最终用途更为有效—被认为对共同体达到控制温室气体排放目标做出了实质性贡献。
电力需求是发展最快的一种能源最终用途，计划在未来20－30 年得到不断发展，如果没有任何政策行为来抑制这种趋势的话。
欧盟市场上常见的商品标签及标记
欧盟市场上常见的商品标签及标记欧盟市场上常见的商品标签及标记欧盟关于商品标签及标志方面的法律法规数量众多，纷繁复杂，让人眼花缭乱。
在这方面，欧盟既没有一个关于商品标签或标志要求的总的法律，也没有一个指导性的法律目录。
国内企业面对如此众多的产品标签及标志方面的规定，常常无从入手。
笔者通过本文对欧盟市场上常见的标签标记做一个全面、清晰的介绍和浅析，帮助国内企业在短时间内对欧盟产品标签标志的规定有一个较全面的了解，避免因产品标签标记方面的问题而蒙受损失或延误进入欧盟市场的时机。
一、前言企业在考虑产品需要哪些标签或标记才能进入欧盟市场时，首先要清楚：欧盟市场上的商品标签及标记有两种，一种是强制性的，一种是自愿性的。
欧盟的一些法律只规定了强制性标志，而另外一些法律对强制性标志与自愿性标志都予以了说明。
在有些情况下，欧盟规定，成员国可以自行决定一种标志是强制性的或是自愿性的。
还要强调指出，一些自愿性商品标志在一些欧盟成员国间已经成为市场促销的宣传手段。
本文重点介绍欧盟市场消费品(一般而言，指与公共健康及环保有关的商品)所需要的强制性标志，也概括性介绍欧盟市场上常见的一些自愿性商品标志。
国内企业要分清欧盟市场上商品标记(mark)与标签(label)的区别。
标记是指出现在商品或其相应包装上的一个符号或图形。
这包括警示危险的符号或表示产品能够再循环利用的图形。
使用标记(mark)的目的是提示最终用户在消费或使用商品时应注意的安全、健康或环保方面的问题。
标签(label)是以文字或数字的形式出现的，虽然要求使用标签，但该标签也不必在所有情况下都必须可被识别。
一般来说，标签主要是提供产品的更为详细的情况，如尺寸，或指出产品中可能存在的某种物质，如纺织品或电池中可能存在的有害物质。
二、标记或标签的应用范围(一)强制性标记及标签●CE认证标记●家电产品●纺织品●价格●化妆品●医疗设备●易引发爆炸的物品●体积●电子电气设备●汽车●海运(二)自愿性标记及标签●生态标签(Eco-Label)●“绿点”标记●再循环利用-分类回收●“节能之星”标签●“e”标记三、本文分析的标签标记的应用范围(一)欧盟现有成员国截止到2003年底，欧盟共有15个成员国，包括：奥地利、德国、荷兰、比利时、希腊、葡萄牙、丹麦、爱尔兰、西班牙、芬兰、意大利、瑞典、法国、卢森堡、英国。
欧美商标领域平行进口规则及我国相关制度的构建
欧美商标领域平行进口规则及我国相关制度的构建尹锋林 罗先觉内容提要：商标领域的平行进口问题较为复杂，世界各国的相关规则各不相同，欧盟所采取的区域用尽原则和美国所采取的Lever规则特色鲜明且影响广泛。
我国《商标法》未对商标领域的平行进口问题作出明确规定，在对欧盟和美国有关平行进口和权利用尽问题的相关规则进行研究的基础上，对我国相关制度的构建提出了建议。
关 键 词：商标权 平行进口 权利用尽平行进口是相对于授权进口的一个概念。
一般而言，平行进口是指一个独立于知识产权权利人的企业或者个人在出口国获得“合法”产品并未经知识产权权利人许可而将其进口到进口国的行为。
1商标领域的平行进口问题尤为复杂，世界各国的相关规则亦各不相同，欧盟2所采取的区域用尽原则和美国所采取的Lever规则特色鲜明且影响广泛。
由于我国《商标法》未对平行进口问题作出明确规定，因此，本文拟在对欧盟和美国有关平行进口和权利用尽问题的法律规则进行研究的基础上，对我国平行进口与权利用尽制度的构建提出建议，以抛砖引玉，期待对我国《商标法》修改与完善工作有所助益。
一、欧盟平行进口规则（一）《商标指令》与《商标条例》所规定的区域用尽规则欧盟1988年《商标指令》第七条与1993年《商标条例》第十三条使用几乎完全相同的文字规定了区域用尽原则。
《商标指令》第七条分为两款，第一款规定：贴附商标的产品由权利人自己或经其同意被投入共同体市场销售后，就该特定产品而言，权利人即不再有权禁止他人对商标的使用；第二款规定：如果权利人具有合法理由可以反对他人对该商标产品的进一步销售，尤其是在该产品被投放市场后其状况已经改变或受到损害的情况下，那么第一款的规定就不应适用。
关于《商标指令》第七条第一款，“权利人（proprietor）”的范围需要予以澄清。
商标注册人当然属于权利人，被许可人则为经权利人同意的人，他们将商品投放到共同体市场后，自然不能再禁止该产品的在欧盟内的平行进口。
CE认证的指令、概念与意义
CE认证CE认证标志“CE”标志是一种安全认证标志，被视为制造商打开并进入欧洲市场的护照。
CE代表欧洲统一（CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE）。
凡是贴有“CE”标志的产品就可在欧盟各成员国内销售，无须符合每个成员国的要求，从而实现了商品在欧盟成员国范围内的自由流通。
目录展开编辑本段CE认证-指令2006/95/EECLow voltage87/404/EECSimple pressure vessels88/378/EECSafety of toys89/106/EEC Construction products89/336/EECElectromagnetic compatibility89/686/EECPersonal protective equipment90/384/EECNon-automatic weighing instruments90/385/EECActive implantable medical devices90/396/EECAppliances burning gaseous fuels92/42/EEC Hot-water boilers93/15/EECExplosives for civil uses93/42/EEC Medical devices94/9/EC Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres 94/25/EC Recreational craft95/16/ECLifts96/48/EC Interoperability of the Trans-European high-speed rail system96/98/ECMarine equipment97/23/EC Pressure equipment98/37/ECMachinery98/79/ECIn vitro diagnostic medical devices99/5/EC Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment99/36/EC Transportable pressure equipment2000/9/ECCableway installations designed to carry persons2000/14/ECNoise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors2001/16/ECInteroperability of the trans-European conventional rail system2004/22/ECMeasuring Instruments编辑本段CE认证-概念“CE”标志是一种安全认证标志，被视为制造商打开并进入欧洲市场的护照。
论商标的指示性合理使用
论商标的指示性合理使用内容提要：在司法实践中，正品转售商经常会援引指示性合理使用以抗辩自己在店铺招牌上使用他人注册商标的行为不构成侵权。
通过梳理目前国内的典型案例，可发现当转售商单独或突出性使用他人商标于其店招之上时，法院仍然会作出侵权判定，但不同的法院在涉案行为侵犯商品商标或服务商标，以及指示性合理使用的构成要件问题上存在分歧。
进一步考察美国及欧盟的立法及司法实践，可以总结出指示性合理使用需要满足必要性、合理性、善意以及不构成相关公众混淆四个构成要件。
在使用他人商标指示他人商品的来源的行为上，指示性合理使用与权利用尽的概念范围有重叠之处。
指示性合理使用的主张以涉案行为构成商标性使用为前提，其作为一种构成商标侵权的例外，宜在涉案行为满足商标侵权的构成要件的基础上，作为侵权抗辩理由进行援引。
无混淆可能性作为指示性合理使用的必然结果和内在要求，应成为指示性合理使用的构成要件之一。
同时，若权利人的商标为其企业名称或其主要组成部分，转售商的使用还涉嫌构成擅自使用他人有一定影响的企业名称（字号）等不正当竞争行为。
关键词：指示性合理使用权利用尽混淆可能性商标侵权不正当竞争前言在商业实践中，很多品牌，特别是奢侈品牌的商品在销售时往往是通过其自营店铺或授权经销商等渠道进行销售，但由于价差或其他商业原因，前述品牌的商品还会通过其他合法的渠道被其他商户购进并予以转售。
在这些转销商中，有些商户仅仅销售某一品牌的商品，而有些商户同时还会在店内销售其他品牌的商品并提供相关的服务。
很多转销商在进行商品转销的过程中，都会将其所销售商品的商标置于其店铺招牌（以下简称店招）之上，有的还对他人的商标进行了单独使用或突出性使用。
然而，该类使用并不能简单地被认为是指示性合理使用或者商标权利用尽之后的合理使用。
在单独使用他人注册商标的情况下，该类使用会构成商标侵权，并且涉嫌构成不正当竞争。
近年来，国内外法院出现过不少的判定该类使用构成侵权的典型案例。
欧盟商标注册规则改革
欧盟商标注册规则改革2015年12月24日，欧盟商标改革方案在欧洲联盟公报上正式公布。
此次改革主要集中在两方面：一是《欧盟商标指令》(EU Trade Mark Directive)的修改，二是针对《欧盟商标条例》(EU Trade Mark Regulation)的一系列修改。
其中尤以后者更为引人瞩目。
《欧盟商标条例》本次修改主要涉及下述三个方面的内容：一、官费的变化首先值得注意的是，修改后的《欧盟商标条例》中会将原先属于《欧盟商标费用条例》(Community trade mark fees regulation)的内容纳入其中。
即，新的《欧盟商标条例》生效后，不会再有单独的《欧盟商标费用条例》作为配套。
根据本次修改，欧盟商标申请费将采取更加纯粹的阶梯费率(即“一类一价”)，如下:1、改革前，商标通过电子申请指定三个类以内的官费均为900欧元，从第四类起每增加一类增加150欧元，同样，商标注册在三个类以内，续展官费为1350欧元，从第四类起每增加一类增加400欧元。
改革后，对于电子申请，申请、续展均按类别计费，均为申请一个类850欧元，申请两个类900欧元，申请三类及以上每类增加150欧元。
2、此外，其他一些官费数额也有了不同程度的降低：提起权利丧失或无效程序的基础费从原来的700欧元降到630欧元，提起申诉程序的基础费原为800欧元，现降低为720欧元，提起异议基础费从原来的350欧元降到320欧元。
3、欧盟证明商标将和欧盟集体商标一样，申请一类为1500欧元，申请两个类为2000欧元，申请三类以上每类增加150欧元。
影响：从整体上看，由于续展费用的降低，商标维护费用其实是降低了。
可以看到，和原有的申请费体系相比，在新的申请费体系下，只申请一个大类的申请人所花费的申请费是相对有所减少的;申请两个大类的花费与之前持平;而申请三个及以上大类的花费则比原有体系要高一些，由于续展费用实质上也降低了，这被认为符合本次欧盟商标改革提出的更加重视中小企业及个人申请人需求的宗旨。
欧盟商标规则
欧洲共同体商标条例(1993年)第一章总则第1条欧共体商标第2条协调局第3条行为能力第二章商标权第一节共同体商标的定义，如何获得共同体商标第4条可构成共同体商标的标志第5条谁能成为共同体商标的所有人第6条获得共同体商标的方式第7条驳回注册的绝对理由第8条驳回注册的相对理由第二节共同体商标的效力第9条共同体商标所赋予的权利第10条共同体商标编入词典第11条禁止使用以代理人或代表人名义注册的共同体商标第12条共同体商标效力的限定第13条共同体商标权利耗尽第14条与侵权有关的国家法的补充适用第三节共同体商标的使用第15条共同体商标的使用第四节共同体商标作为财产的客体第16条将共同体商标视同国家商标第17条转让第18条以代理人名义注册的商标的转让第19条物权第20条强制执行第21条破产或类似诉讼第22条商标许可第23条对第三人的效力第24条申请将共同体商标作为财产标的第三章共同体商标的申请第一节申请的提交及申请所要求的条件第25条申请的提交第26条申请必须符合的条件第27条申请日第28条分类第二节优先权第29条优先权第30条要求优先权第31条优先权的效力第32条共同体商标申请等同于国内商标申请第三节展览会优先权第33条展览会优先权，第四节请求国家商标的老牌特权第34条请求国家商标的老牌特权第35条在共同体商标注册后请求老牌特权第四章注册程序第一节商标申请的审查第36条申请条件的审查第37条有关所有人资格条件的审查第38条对驳回的绝对理由的审查第二节查询第39条查询第三节申请的公告第40条申请的公告第四节第三人的意见和异议第41条第三人的意见第42条异议第43条异议的审查第五节申请的撤回、限制和修改第44条申请的撤回、限制和修改第六节注册第45条注册第五章共同体商标的有效期、续展和变更第46条注册的有效期第47条续展第48条变更第六章放弃、撤消、无效第一节放弃第49条放弃第二节撒消理由第50条撤消理由第三节无效的理由第51条无效的绝对理由第52条无效的相对理由第53条默许的限制第四节撤消和无效的后果第54条撤消和无效的后果第五节向协调局提起撤消或无效诉讼第55条撤消或宣布无效的申请第56条申请的审查第七章上诉第57条可提起上诉的决定第58条有权上诉和成为上诉当事人的人第59条上诉时限及形式第60条诉讼进行中的修改第61条上诉的审理第62条上诉的裁定第63条向法院提起上诉第八章共同体集体商标第64条共同体集体商标第65条集体商标使用章程第66条驳回申请第67条第三人意见第68条商标的使用第69条商标使用章程的修改第70条有权提起侵权诉讼的人第71条撤消的理由第72条无效的理由第九章程序第一节总则第73条决定依据的理由说明第74条协调局主动审查事实第75条口头审理第76条取证第77条通知第78条权利的恢复第79条参考一般原则第80条支付义务的终止第二节费用第81条费用第82条确定费用金额决定的执行第三节成员国的公开信息和官方资料第83条共同体商标注册簿第84条查阅档案第85条定期刊物第86条行政合作第87条交换出版物第四节代理第88条代表的一般原则第89条职业代理人第十章有关共同体商标的管辖和诉讼程序第一节适用《管辖和执行公约》第90条适用《管辖和执行公约》第二节关于共同体商标侵权和有效性的争议第91条共同体商标法院第92条对侵权和有效性的管辖第93条国际管辖第94条管辖范围第95条有效推断——答辩理由第96条反诉第97条适用法律第98条制裁第99条临时和保全措施第100条相关诉讼的特殊规则第101条共同体商标二审(上诉)法院的管辖权第三节关于共同体商标的其他争议第102条共同体商标法院以外的国家法院的管辖权附则第103条国家法院的义务第四节过渡规定第104条关于适用《管辖与执行公约》的过渡规定第十一章对成员国法律的效力第一节以一个以上商标为依据的民事诉讼第105条以共同体商标和国内商标为依据同时和相继进行的民事诉讼第二节为禁止使用共同体商标的目的而适用国内法第106条禁止使用共同体商标第107条适用特别地方的在先权利第三节转换成国内商标申请第108条请求适用国内程序第109条转换申请的提交、公告和移交第110条转换申请的形式要件第十二章协调局第一节总则第111条法律地位第112条职员第113条特权和豁免权第114条责任第115条语言第116条公告；在注册簿上登记第117条第118条对合法性的监督第二节协调局的管理第119条局长的权利第120条聘任高级官员第三节行政委员会第121条创立和权利第122条组成第123条委员长第124条会议第四节程序的实施第125条权限第126条审查员第127条异议处第128条商标管理和法律处第129条撤消处第130条上诉委员会第131条上诉委员会成员的独立性第132条回避和反对第五节预算和财务管理第133条预算委员会第134条预算第135条准备预算第136条财务管理第137条帐目的审计第138条财务规章第139条收费条例第十三章最后规定第140条共同体商标实施细则第141条小组委员会的设立和通过实施细则的程序第142条与其它共同体法律条款保持一致第143条生效欧洲联盟理事会，根据欧共体条约，特别是该条约第235条、根据欧洲委员会的建议、根据欧洲议会的意见、根据经济和社会委员会的意见，鉴于需要通过建立一个运作良好和能提供像国家市场同样条件的欧洲内部市场以促进整个欧共体经济活动的和协、持续、稳定的发展；鉴于建立这样一个市场并使其日益成为一个统一的市场，不仅必须消除阻碍商品和服务自由流通的障碍，建立一种使竞争不被扭曲的秩序，而且必须制订法律使企业的经济活动，不管是商品制造和流通或服务的提供，能在整个共同体范围内顺利进行；鉴于此，在企业能够不考虑边境并使用同一方式在整个欧共体内部区别其商品或服务的法律手段中，商标最为合适；鉴于为达到上述目标，欧共体采取行动看来是很有必要的；鉴于该行动的目的在于创立欧共体商标体系，企业通过取得共同体商标注册而获得在欧共体整个范围内对商标的统一保护；鉴于除非本条例中另有规定，上述商标的单一性原则应予以适用；鉴于国家法律授予商标所有人的权利的地域性障碍不能依靠各国法律的协调而消除；鉴于此，为了在整个欧共体市场内使企业不受限制地开展经济活动，有必要创立一种商标，由直接适用于各成员国的统一的欧共体法律进行管理；因为条约未赋予创立这样一种法律文书的权利，条约的第235条应予适用；鉴于共同体法律并不能取代各成员国的商标法律；鉴于事实上，不能要求企业一定申请共同体商标注册；对于那些不想获得共同体商标保护的企业，商标的国家注册仍很重要；鉴于共同体商标权利只能依注册获得，特别是对于缺乏显著性、不合法或者与在先权利相冲突的商标将会被驳回注册；鉴于欧共体对注册商标的保护应完全适用，其功能在于特别保证商标起到一种区分商品来源的作用，特别是在商标与标记相同、商品或服务间相同的情况下；鉴于这种情形同时适用商标与标记、商品或服务间相似的情况；鉴于应该联系可能引起混淆来解释相似的概念；对引起混淆的可能性的判断取决于很多因素，特别是取决于商标在市场上的认可程度、与已使用或注册的标记发生联想的可能，商标或标记、商品或服务间相类似的程度，这些是提供这种保护的特殊条件；鉴于根据商品自由流通的原则，共同体商标所有人无权禁止经他本人或经授权投放共同体内流通的商品由第三人使用，除非商标所有人有合法理由反对这种商品进一步流通；鉴于共同体商标或先于共同体商标注册的商标，只有真正投入使用后才能得到保护；鉴于共同体商标应该视为独立于商品或服务企业的财产；因此，可以转让，只要公众不会因为转让而被误导。
欧盟商标条例
I(Acts adopted under the EC Treaty/Euratom Treaty whose publication is obligatory)REGULATIONSCOUNCIL REGULATION(EC)No207/2009of26February2009on the Community trade mark(codified version)(Text with EEA relevance)THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Commu-nity,and in particular Article308thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the Commission,Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament(1), Whereas:(1)Council Regulation(EC)No40/94of20December1993on the Community trade mark(2)has been substantially amended several times(3).In the interests of clarity and rationality the said Regulation should be codified.(2)It is desirable to promote throughout the Community aharmonious development of economic activities and a continuous and balanced expansion by completing an internal market which functions properly and offers conditions which are similar to those obtaining in a national market.In order to create a market of this kind and make it increasingly a single market,not only must barriers to free movement of goods and services be removed and arrangements be instituted which ensure that competition is not distorted,but,in addition,legal conditions must be created which enable undertakings to adapt their activities to the scale of the Community,whether in manufacturing and distributing goods or in providing services.For those purposes,trade marks enabling the products and services of undertakings to be distinguished by identical means throughout the entire Community,regardless of frontiers, should feature amongst the legal instruments which undertakings have at their disposal.(3)For the purpose of pursuing the Community's saidobjectives it would appear necessary to provide forCommunity arrangements for trade marks whereby under-takings can by means of one procedural system obtain Community trade marks to which uniform protection is given and which produce their effects throughout the entire area of the Community.The principle of the unitary character of the Community trade mark thus stated should apply unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation.(4)The barrier of territoriality of the rights conferred onproprietors of trade marks by the laws of the Member States cannot be removed by approximation of laws.In order to open up unrestricted economic activity in the whole of the internal market for the benefit of under-takings,trade marks should be created which are governed by a uniform Community law directly applicable in all Member States.(5)Since the Treaty has not provided the specific powers toestablish such a legal instrument,Article308of the Treaty should be applied.(6)The Community law relating to trade marks neverthelessdoes not replace the laws of the Member States on trade marks.It would not in fact appear to be justified to require undertakings to apply for registration of their trade marks as Community trade marks.National trade marks continue to be necessary for those undertakings which do not want protection of their trade marks at Community level.(7)The rights in a Community trade mark should not beobtained otherwise than by registration,and registration should be refused in particular if the trade mark is not distinctive,if it is unlawful or if it conflicts with earlier rights.(1)OJ C146E,12.6.2008,p.79.(2)OJ L11,14.1.1994,p.1.(3)See Annex I.(8)The protection afforded by a Community trade mark,thefunction of which is in particular to guarantee the trade mark as an indication of origin,should be absolute in the case of identity between the mark and the sign and the goods or services.The protection should apply also in cases of similarity between the mark and the sign and the goods or services.An interpretation should be given of the concept of similarity in relation to the likelihood of confusion.The likelihood of confusion,the appreciation of which depends on numerous elements and,in particular,on the recognition of the trade mark on the market,the association which can be made with the used or registered sign,the degree of similarity between the trade mark and the sign and between the goods or services identified, should constitute the specific condition for such protection.(9)It follows from the principle of free movement of goodsthat the proprietor of a Community trade mark must not be entitled to prohibit its use by a third party in relation to goods which have been put into circulation in the Community,under the trade mark,by him or with his consent,save where there exist legitimate reasons for the proprietor to oppose further commercialisation of the goods.(10)There is no justification for protecting Community trademarks or,as against them,any trade mark which has been registered before them,except where the trade marks are actually used.(11)A Community trade mark is to be regarded as an object ofproperty which exists separately from the undertakings whose goods or services are designated by it.Accordingly,it should be capable of being transferred,subject to the overriding need to prevent the public being misled as a result of the transfer.It should also be capable of being charged as security in favour of a third party and of being the subject matter of licences.(12)Administrative measures are necessary at Community levelfor implementing in relation to every trade mark the trade mark law created by this Regulation.It is therefore essential, while retaining the Community's existing institutional structure and balance of powers,to provide for an Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market(trade marks and designs)which is independent in relation to technical matters and has legal,administrative and financial autonomy.To this end it is necessary and appropriate that that Office should be a body of the Community having legal personality and exercising the implementing powers which are conferred on it by this Regulation,and that it should operate within the framework of Community law without detracting from the competencies exercised by the Com-munity institutions.(13)It is necessary to ensure that parties who are affected bydecisions made by the Office are protected by the law in a manner which is suited to the special character of trade mark law.To that end provision is made for an appeal to lie from decisions of the examiners and of the various divisions of the Office.If the department whose decision is contested does not rectify its decision it is to remit the appeal to a Board of Appeal of the Office,which is todecide on it.Decisions of the Boards of Appeal are,in turn, amenable to actions before the Court of Justice of the European Communities,which has jurisdiction to annul or to alter the contested decision.(14)Under the first subparagraph of Article225(1)of the ECTreaty the Court of First Instance of the European Communities has jurisdiction to hear and determine at first instance the actions referred to in particular in Article230of the EC Treaty with the exception of those assigned to a judicial panel and those reserved in the Statute to the Court of Justice.The jurisdiction which this Regulation confers on the Court of Justice to cancel and alter decisions of the Boards of Appeal should accordingly be exercised at first instance by the Court.(15)In order to strengthen the protection of Community trademarks the Member States should designate,having regard to their own national system,as limited a number as possible of national courts of first and second instance having jurisdiction in matters of infringement and validity of Community trade marks.(16)Decisions regarding the validity and infringement ofCommunity trade marks must have effect and cover the entire area of the Community,as this is the only way of preventing inconsistent decisions on the part of the courts and the Office and of ensuring that the unitary character of Community trade marks is not undermined.The provisions of Council Regulation(EC)No44/2001of22December 2000on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters(1)should apply to all actions at law relating to Community trade marks,save where this Regulation derogates from those rules.(17)Contradictory judgments should be avoided in actionswhich involve the same acts and the same parties and which are brought on the basis of a Community trade mark and parallel national trade marks.For this purpose,when the actions are brought in the same Member State,the way in which this is to be achieved is a matter for national procedural rules,which are not prejudiced by this Regulation,whilst when the actions are brought in different Member States,provisions modelled on the rules on lis pendens and related actions of Regulation(EC)No44/2001 appear appropriate.(18)In order to guarantee the full autonomy and independenceof the Office,it is considered necessary to grant it an autonomous budget whose revenue comes principally from fees paid by the users of the system.However,the Community budgetary procedure remains applicable as far as any subsidies chargeable to the general budget of the European Communities are concerned.Moreover,the auditing of accounts should be undertaken by the Court of Auditors.(19)Measures necessary for the implementation of thisRegulation should be adopted,particularly as regards fees regulations and an Implementing Regulation,in accordance with Council Decision1999/468/EC of28June1999(1)OJ L12,16.1.2001,p.1.laying down the procedures for the exercise of implement-ing powers conferred on the Commission(1),HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:TITLE IGENERAL PROVISIONSArticle1Community trade mark1.A trade mark for goods or services which is registered in accordance with the conditions contained in this Regulation and in the manner herein provided is hereinafter referred to as a ‘Community trade mark’.2.A Community trade mark shall have a unitary character.It shall have equal effect throughout the Community:it shall not be registered,transferred or surrendered or be the subject of a decision revoking the rights of the proprietor or declaring it invalid,nor shall its use be prohibited,save in respect of the whole Community.This principle shall apply unless otherwise provided in this Regulation.Article2OfficeAn Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market(trade marks and designs),hereinafter referred to as‘the Office’,is hereby established.Article3Capacity to actFor the purpose of implementing this Regulation,companies or firms and other legal bodies shall be regarded as legal persons if, under the terms of the law governing them,they have the capacity in their own name to have rights and obligations of all kinds,to make contracts or accomplish other legal acts and to sue and be sued.TITLE IITHE LAW RELATING TO TRADE MARKSSECTION1Definition of a Community trade mark and obtaining aCommunity trade markArticle4Signs of which a Community trade mark may consistA Community trade mark may consist of any signs capable of being represented graphically,particularly words,including personal names,designs,letters,numerals,the shape of goods or of their packaging,provided that such signs are capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings.Article5Persons who can be proprietors of Community trade marks Any natural or legal person,including authorities established under public law,may be the proprietor of a Community trade mark.Article6Means whereby a Community trade mark is obtainedA Community trade mark shall be obtained by registration.Article7Absolute grounds for refusal1.The following shall not be registered:(a)signs which do not conform to the requirements ofArticle4;(b)trade marks which are devoid of any distinctive character;(c)trade marks which consist exclusively of signs or indica-tions which may serve,in trade,to designate the kind, quality,quantity,intended purpose,value,geographical origin or the time of production of the goods or of rendering of the service,or other characteristics of the goods or service;(d)trade marks which consist exclusively of signs or indica-tions which have become customary in the current language or in the bona fide and established practices of the trade;(e)signs which consist exclusively of:(i)the shape which results from the nature of the goodsthemselves;(ii)the shape of goods which is necessary to obtain a technical result;(iii)the shape which gives substantial value to the goods;(f)trade marks which are contrary to public policy or toaccepted principles of morality;(g)trade marks which are of such a nature as to deceive thepublic,for instance as to the nature,quality or geographical origin of the goods or service;(h)trade marks which have not been authorised by thecompetent authorities and are to be refused pursuant to Article6ter of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property,hereinafter referred to as the‘Paris Convention’;(1)OJ L184,17.7.1999,p.23.(i)trade marks which include badges,emblems or escutcheonsother than those covered by Article6ter of the Paris Convention and which are of particular public interest, unless the consent of the competent authority to their registration has been given;(j)trade marks for wines which contain or consist of a geographical indication identifying wines or for spirits which contain or consist of a geographical indication identifying spirits with respect to such wines or spirits not having that origin;(k)trade marks which contain or consist of a designation of origin or a geographical indication registered in accordance with Council Regulation(EC)No510/2006of20March 2006on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and food-stuffs(1)when they correspond to one of the situations covered by Article13of the said Regulation and regarding the same type of product,on condition that the application for registration of the trade mark has been submitted after the date of filing with the Commission of the application for registration of the designation of origin or geographical indication.2.Paragraph1shall apply notwithstanding that the grounds of non-registrability obtain in only part of the Community.3.Paragraph1(b),(c)and(d)shall not apply if the trade mark has become distinctive in relation to the goods or services for which registration is requested in consequence of the use which has been made of it.Article8Relative grounds for refusal1.Upon opposition by the proprietor of an earlier trade mark, the trade mark applied for shall not be registered:(a)if it is identical with the earlier trade mark and the goods orservices for which registration is applied for are identical with the goods or services for which the earlier trade mark is protected;(b)if because of its identity with,or similarity to,the earliertrade mark and the identity or similarity of the goods or services covered by the trade marks there exists a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public in the territory in which the earlier trade mark is protected;the likelihood of confusion includes the likelihood of association with the earlier trade mark.2.For the purposes of paragraph1,‘earlier trade marks’means:(a)trade marks of the following kinds with a date ofapplication for registration which is earlier than the date of application for registration of the Community trademark,taking account,where appropriate,of the priorities claimed in respect of those trade marks:(i)Community trade marks;(ii)trade marks registered in a Member State,or,in the case of Belgium,the Netherlands or Luxembourg,atthe Benelux Office for Intellectual Property;(iii)trade marks registered under international arrange-ments which have effect in a Member State;(iv)trade marks registered under international arrange-ments which have effect in the Community;(b)applications for the trade marks referred to in subpara-graph(a),subject to their registration;(c)trade marks which,on the date of application forregistration of the Community trade mark,or,where appropriate,of the priority claimed in respect of the application for registration of the Community trade mark, are well known in a Member State,in the sense in which the words‘well known’are used in Article6bis of the Paris Convention.3.Upon opposition by the proprietor of the trade mark,a trade mark shall not be registered where an agent or representative of the proprietor of the trade mark applies for registration thereof in his own name without the proprietor's consent,unless the agent or representative justifies his action.4.Upon opposition by the proprietor of a non-registered trade mark or of another sign used in the course of trade of more than mere local significance,the trade mark applied for shall not be registered where and to the extent that,pursuant to the Community legislation or the law of the Member State governing that sign:(a)rights to that sign were acquired prior to the date ofapplication for registration of the Community trade mark, or the date of the priority claimed for the application for registration of the Community trade mark;(b)that sign confers on its proprietor the right to prohibit theuse of a subsequent trade mark.5.Furthermore,upon opposition by the proprietor of an earlier trade mark within the meaning of paragraph2,the trade mark applied for shall not be registered where it is identical with, or similar to,the earlier trade mark and is to be registered for goods or services which are not similar to those for which the earlier trade mark is registered,where,in the case of an earlier Community trade mark,the trade mark has a reputation in the Community and,in the case of an earlier national trade mark,the trade mark has a reputation in the Member State concerned and where the use without due cause of the trade mark applied for would take unfair advantage of,or be detrimental to,the distinctive character or the repute of the earlier trade mark.(1)OJ L93,31.3.2006,p.12.SECTION2Effects of Community trade marksArticle9Rights conferred by a Community trade mark1.A Community trade mark shall confer on the proprietor exclusive rights therein.The proprietor shall be entitled to prevent all third parties not having his consent from using in the course of trade:(a)any sign which is identical with the Community trade markin relation to goods or services which are identical with those for which the Community trade mark is registered;(b)any sign where,because of its identity with,or similarity to,the Community trade mark and the identity or similarity of the goods or services covered by the Community trade mark and the sign,there exists a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public;the likelihood of confusion includes the likelihood of association between the sign and the trade mark;(c)any sign which is identical with,or similar to,theCommunity trade mark in relation to goods or services which are not similar to those for which the Community trade mark is registered,where the latter has a reputation in the Community and where use of that sign without due cause takes unfair advantage of,or is detrimental to,the distinctive character or the repute of the Community trade mark.2.The following,inter alia,may be prohibited under para-graph1:(a)affixing the sign to the goods or to the packaging thereof;(b)offering the goods,putting them on the market or stockingthem for these purposes under that sign,or offering or supplying services thereunder;(c)importing or exporting the goods under that sign;(d)using the sign on business papers and in advertising.3.The rights conferred by a Community trade mark shall prevail against third parties from the date of publication of registration of the trade mark.Reasonable compensation may, however,be claimed in respect of acts occurring after the date of publication of a Community trade mark application,which acts would,after publication of the registration of the trade mark,be prohibited by virtue of that publication.The court seized of the case may not decide upon the merits of the case until the registration has been published.Article10Reproduction of Community trade marks in dictionaries If the reproduction of a Community trade mark in a dictionary, encyclopaedia or similar reference work gives the impression that it constitutes the generic name of the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered,the publisher of the work shall,at the request of the proprietor of the Community trade mark, ensure that the reproduction of the trade mark at the latest in the next edition of the publication is accompanied by an indication that it is a registered trade mark.Article11Prohibition on the use of a Community trade markregistered in the name of an agent or representative Where a Community trade mark is registered in the name of the agent or representative of a person who is the proprietor of that trade mark,without the proprietor's authorisation,the latter shall be entitled to oppose the use of his mark by his agent or representative if he has not authorised such use,unless the agent or representative justifies his action.Article12Limitation of the effects of a Community trade markA Community trade mark shall not entitle the proprietor to prohibit a third party from using in the course of trade:(a)his own name or address;(b)indications concerning the kind,quality,quantity,intendedpurpose,value,geographical origin,the time of production of the goods or of rendering of the service,or other characteristics of the goods or service;(c)the trade mark where it is necessary to indicate the intendedpurpose of a product or service,in particular as accessories or spare parts,provided he uses them in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial matters.Article13Exhaustion of the rights conferred by a Community trademark1.A Community trade mark shall not entitle the proprietor to prohibit its use in relation to goods which have been put on the market in the Community under that trade mark by the proprietor or with his consent.2.Paragraph1shall not apply where there exist legitimate reasons for the proprietor to oppose further commercialisation of the goods,especially where the condition of the goods is changed or impaired after they have been put on the market.Article14Complementary application of national law relating toinfringement1.The effects of Community trade marks shall be governed solely by the provisions of this Regulation.In other respects, infringement of a Community trade mark shall be governed by the national law relating to infringement of a national trade mark in accordance with the provisions of Title X.2.This Regulation shall not prevent actions concerning a Community trade mark being brought under the law of Member States relating in particular to civil liability and unfair competition.3.The rules of procedure to be applied shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Title X.SECTION3Use of Community trade marksArticle15Use of Community trade marks1.If,within a period of five years following registration,the proprietor has not put the Community trade mark to genuine use in the Community in connection with the goods or services in respect of which it is registered,or if such use has been suspended during an uninterrupted period of five years,the Community trade mark shall be subject to the sanctions provided for in this Regulation,unless there are proper reasons for non-use.The following shall also constitute use within the meaning of the first subparagraph:(a)use of the Community trade mark in a form differing inelements which do not alter the distinctive character of the mark in the form in which it was registered;(b)affixing of the Community trade mark to goods or to thepackaging thereof in the Community solely for export purposes.e of the Community trade mark with the consent of the proprietor shall be deemed to constitute use by the proprietor.SECTION4Community trade marks as objects of propertyArticle16Dealing with Community trade marks as national trademarks1.Unless Articles17to24provide otherwise,a Community trade mark as an object of property shall be dealt with in its entirety,and for the whole area of the Community,as a national trade mark registered in the Member State in which,according to the Register of Community trade marks:(a)the proprietor has his seat or his domicile on the relevantdate;(b)where point(a)does not apply,the proprietor has anestablishment on the relevant date.2.In cases which are not provided for by paragraph1,the Member State referred to in that paragraph shall be the Member State in which the seat of the Office is situated.3.If two or more persons are mentioned in the Register of Community trade marks as joint proprietors,paragraph1shall apply to the joint proprietor first mentioned;failing this,it shall apply to the subsequent joint proprietors in the order in which they are mentioned.Where paragraph1does not apply to any of the joint proprietors,paragraph2shall apply.Article17Transfer1.A Community trade mark may be transferred,separately from any transfer of the undertaking,in respect of some or all of the goods or services for which it is registered.2.A transfer of the whole of the undertaking shall include the transfer of the Community trade mark except where,in accordance with the law governing the transfer,there is agreement to the contrary or circumstances clearly dictate otherwise.This provision shall apply to the contractual obligation to transfer the undertaking.3.Without prejudice to paragraph2,an assignment of the Community trade mark shall be made in writing and shall require the signature of the parties to the contract,except when it is a result of a judgment;otherwise it shall be void.4.Where it is clear from the transfer documents that because of the transfer the Community trade mark is likely to mislead the public concerning the nature,quality or geographical origin of the goods or services in respect of which it is registered,the Office shall not register the transfer unless the successor agrees to limit registration of the Community trade mark to goods or services in respect of which it is not likely to mislead.5.On request of one of the parties a transfer shall be entered in the Register and published.6.As long as the transfer has not been entered in the Register, the successor in title may not invoke the rights arising from the registration of the Community trade mark.7.Where there are time limits to be observed vis-à-vis the Office,the successor in title may make the corresponding statements to the Office once the request for registration of the transfer has been received by the Office.8.All documents which require notification to the proprietor of the Community trade mark in accordance with Article79 shall be addressed to the person registered as proprietor.Article18Transfer of a trade mark registered in the name of an agent Where a Community trade mark is registered in the name of the agent or representative of a person who is the proprietor of that trade mark,without the proprietor's authorisation,the latter shall be entitled to demand the assignment in his favour of the said registration,unless such agent or representative justifies his action.Article19Rights in rem1.A Community trade mark may,independently of the undertaking,be given as security or be the subject of rights in rem.2.On request of one of the parties,rights mentioned in paragraph1shall be entered in the Register and published.Article20Levy of execution1.A Community trade mark may be levied in execution.2.As regards the procedure for levy of execution in respect of a Community trade mark,the courts and authorities of the Member States determined in accordance with Article16shall have exclusive jurisdiction.3.On request of one the parties,levy of execution shall be entered in the Register and published.Article21Insolvency proceedings1.The only insolvency proceedings in which a Community trade mark may be involved are those opened in the Member State in the territory of which the debtor has his centre of main interests.However,where the debtor is an insurance undertaking or a credit institution as defined in Directive2001/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of19March2001on the reorganisation and winding-up of insurance undertakings(1) and Directive2001/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of4April2001on the reorganisation and winding up of credit institutions(2),respectively,the only insolvency proceedings in which a Community trademark may be involved are those opened in the Member State where that undertaking or institution has been authorised.2.In the case of joint proprietorship of a Community trade mark,paragraph1shall apply to the share of the joint proprietor.3.Where a Community trade mark is involved in insolvency proceedings,on request of the competent national authority an entry to this effect shall be made in the Register and published in the Community Trade Marks Bulletin referred to in Article89.Article22Licensing1.A Community trade mark may be licensed for some or all of the goods or services for which it is registered and for the whole or part of the Community.A licence may be exclusive or non-exclusive.2.The proprietor of a Community trade mark may invoke the rights conferred by that trade mark against a licensee who contravenes any provision in his licensing contract with regard to:(a)its duration;(b)the form covered by the registration in which the trademark may be used;(c)the scope of the goods or services for which the licence isgranted;(d)the territory in which the trade mark may be affixed;or(e)the quality of the goods manufactured or of the servicesprovided by the licensee.3.Without prejudice to the provisions of the licensing contract,the licensee may bring proceedings for infringement of a Community trade mark only if its proprietor consents thereto.However,the holder of an exclusive licence may bring such proceedings if the proprietor of the trade mark,after formal notice,does not himself bring infringement proceedings within an appropriate period.4.A licensee shall,for the purpose of obtaining compensation for damage suffered by him,be entitled to intervene in infringement proceedings brought by the proprietor of the Community trade mark.5.On request of one of the parties the grant or transfer of a licence in respect of a Community trade mark shall be entered in the Register and published.Article23Effects vis-à-vis third parties1.Legal acts referred to in Articles17,19and22concerning a Community trade mark shall have effects vis-à-vis third parties in all the Member States only after entry in the Register. Nevertheless,such an act,before it is so entered,shall have(1)OJ L110,20.4.2001,p.28.(2)OJ L125,5.5.2001,p.15.。
欧盟指令(EC-EEC)目录
2004/3/EC
715/2007
692/2008
M1，N1
80/1268/EEC于2013年1月2日撤销
41
机动车辆发动机功率
80/1269/EEC
（各成员国关于机动车发动机功率的法律）
88/195/EEC
89/491/EEC
97/21/EC
1999/99/EC
42
机动车辆用柴油发动机气体和颗粒污染物、点燃式天然气和液化石油气发动机气体污染物
2003/97/EC
2003/102/EC
2004/3/EC
2004/78/EC
2004/90/EC（措施）
2004/104/EC
2005/49/EC
2005/64/EC
2006/96/EC
2007/37/EC
2007/46/EC
2007/46/EC于2009年4月29日起生效
2
机动车辆允许声级和排气系统
72/306/EEC于2013年1月2日撤销
13
机动车辆内饰件（除车辆后视镜、操纵件、车顶或滑动车顶、座椅靠背及其后部部件以外的乘客舱内部部件）
74/60/EEC
（各成员国关于机动车内部装饰件的法律）
78/632/EEC
2000/4/EC
M1
14
机动车辆防盗装置
74/61/EEC
（各成员国关于机动车防盗装置的法律）
85/647/EEC
88/194/EEC
91/422/EEC
98/12/EC
2002/78/EC
2006/96/EC
11
机动车辆无线电干扰
72/245/EEC
（各成员国关于机动车无线电干扰（电磁兼容性）的法律）
欧盟商标制度
欧盟商标制度何谓CTM：欧盟商标(Community Trade Mark, CTM)，主要涉及欧洲地区统一的商标申请的提交及审查的一个欧洲地区商标条约。
由欧盟内部市场协调局(EU Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market，下称欧盟商标局OHIM)审查核准的欧盟商标权，自动在欧洲联盟(European Union, 下称欧盟)的所有会员国直接获得商标权保护。
CTM会员国：会员国：即为欧盟(European Union)会员国，至2013年7月止欧盟商标(CTM)共有下列28个会员国：奥地利、比利时、保加利亚、塞浦路斯、捷克、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、斯洛伐尼亚、斯洛伐克、西班牙、英国、瑞典。
详细的欧盟会员国名单请参阅欧盟官方网站(EUROPA)的下列网页：The Member States of the European Union。
申请欧盟商标(CTM)的优点：费用低廉：申请欧盟商标(CTM)的费用远低于逐一向27个会员国提出商标申请的费用。
申请CTM 的费用甚至比申请单一国家的费用低廉。
另外，办理商标权延展的费用亦相对低廉。
整体核准：由欧盟商标局(OHIM)审查核准的欧盟商标权，自动在欧洲联盟所有会员国直接获得商标权保护;不需额外办理各国登记或领证等手续。
使用商标：经核准注册的欧盟商标(CTM)只要在任何一个会员国使用，视同在所有会员国均已使用该欧盟商标;不会因为在某一会员国未使用该欧盟商标达5年以上，而被该会员国撤销商标注册。
另外，欧盟商标(CTM)办理转让、变更及商标权延展等，在所有会员国均发生效力。
多类申请：一件欧盟商标(CTM)申请案，除可多类申请外，如指定商品类别在3类(含)以内者，申请规费均相同，减少申请人的负担。
申请欧盟商标(CTM)的缺点：整体核驳：相对于「整体核准」，经欧盟商标局(OHIM)审查核驳的欧盟商标申请案，在欧洲联盟所有会员国均被「整体核驳」;因此，如果申请CTM的商标与任何一个会员国申请或注册在先的商标权有所抵触时，如经利害关系人提出异议且成立时，该CTM商标申请案将被OHIM驳回其注册，亦即该CTM商标申请案将在欧洲联盟所有会员国被「整体核驳」。
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欧盟商标指令
正欧盟作为全球一体化程度最高的区域性国际组织,为确保欧盟内部市场良好运转以及促进商品、服务和资本在欧盟范围内流动,欧盟建立起了独特的共同体统一商标制度。
欧盟商标法规是在欧盟范围内直接适用的,对于共同体商标的定义、注册原则、审查原则、国民待遇原则、注册程序和共同体商标权等均有详尽的规定。
这些规定不仅包括实体法内容,也对程序法
欧盟委员会3月27日推出欧盟商标系统的改革法案，以使欧盟的商标注册系统更简便、更经济、更有效，从而达到更好地保护知识产权的目的。
欧盟委员会负责内部市场及金融服务的委员巴尼耶说，几十年来，欧盟的商标制度经受住了时间的考验，欧盟商标注册制度的基础仍然很有效，因此，没有必须对现行的商标法进行大的修改。
欧盟这次要做的是对欧盟现行的三个指令及条例进行修改，也就是对1989年的《欧盟商标法指令》、1994年的欧盟跨国商标法律制度——《共同体商标注册条例》、1995年的欧盟“内部市场协调局”《商标注册收费规定》进行修改。
三项修改涉及不同的机构与部门，但都将争取在今年年底前完成，明年起实施。
具体要修改的是：
第一、简化和统一商标注册程序;
第二、修改已经过时的商标法条款，删除模糊不清的条款，明确商标权;
第三、改进打击过境欧盟的假冒商品的方式;第四、加强欧盟成员国之间以及成员国与欧盟商标注册机构之间的合作，以促进措施的一致性以及操作的一致性。
法案修改后，今后在欧盟申请注册商标将更简便、更经济，商标保护将更加有效，假冒商品过境欧盟国家将被查处得更加严格。
举例来说，有关商标注册的费用，现在欧盟的规则是：
注册一个商标的时候可以同时申报三类产品，但相对来说，费用就会更高些。
现在，欧盟委员会提出的是所谓“一类一费”原则，在欧盟成员国注册商标，或者在共同体注册商标，将全部适用这一原则。
所谓“一类一费”，就是注册一个商标只能申报一类产品，这样，可以大大降低商标注册的费用。
这对企业、尤其是中小企业来说，可以节约大量的成本。
再比如：
修改后的商标法将加强对过境欧盟国家的假冒产品的查处力度，这将更好地保护注册商标，更好地保护知识产权。
欧盟委员会负责内部市场与金融服务的委员巴尼耶说，商标注册法是欧盟在知
识产权保护方面的第一个成功，新商标法实施后，欧盟的商标注册制度将更加优化。