2013上海一模说明文汇编
2013年上海一模语文记叙文汇编
（宝山）这样的中国人①今天的日本，最美丽的旅游城市，就是京都和奈良，一个世俗，一个出尘。
②如果没有梁思成，早就没有京都，也没有奈良了。
③1944年，时任中国战区文物保护委员会副主任的梁思成，奉命向美军提供中国日占区需要保护的文物清单和地图，以免盟军轰炸时误加损伤。
这份材料，是梁思成历尽心血完成的。
④但梁思成希望美军能将另外两个不在中国的城市也排除在轰炸目标之外——日本的京都和奈良。
⑤1932年，上海淞沪会战中，十九路军抗敌的前线，一个清华大学毕业的年轻炮兵军官在激战中因无医无药殉于阵中。
这个年轻的炮兵军官就是梁思成的亲弟弟梁思忠。
⑥1941年，在成都，日军利用恶劣天气，以诡异的云上飞行方式奇袭中国空军双流基地，一个中国飞行员不顾日机的轰炸扫射，冒死登机，起飞迎战，在跑道尽头未及拉起就被击中，壮烈殉国。
三年后，林徽因依然为这个战死的中国飞行员写了一首哀婉的长诗，叫做《哭三弟恒》。
这个中国飞行员，就是林徽因的三弟林恒。
⑦因国恨家仇，梁思成先生从不与日本人交往。
在长沙大轰炸的烈火中，谦谦君子梁思成怒吼出：“多行不义必自毙，总有一天我会看到日本被炸沉的！”⑧当梁思成提出保护京都和奈良时，在当时的人们看来是一个难以理解的决定，也超出他的工作范围。
但是，他依然这样做了，而且并不是临时起意而已。
他的弟子罗哲文这样记载他们从事这项工作时候的情景：“他们住在重庆上清寺中央研究院……每天，梁先生拿过来一些图纸，让罗哲文根据他事先用铅笔标出的符号，再用绘图仪器绘成正规的地图。
罗哲文虽然没有详问图纸的内容，但大体可以看出，地图上许多属于日本占领区的范围。
而梁先生用铅笔标出的，都是古城、古镇和古建筑文物的位置。
还有一些地图甚至不是中国的。
当时罗哲文虽然没有仔细加以辨识，但有两处他是深有印象的，那就是日本的古城京都和奈良。
”梁思成这样解释他提出这个建议的原因——“要是从我个人感情出发，我是恨不得炸沉日本的。
但建筑绝不是某一民族的，而是全人类文明的结晶。
2013年上海高三一模闸北区作文
II. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是李华，你班拟策划在学校发起“为孤儿募捐日”（Fund-raising Day for Orphans)活动。
写ー篇此活动策划书。
策划书的内容必须包括：此项活动的意义；此项活动的策划建议。
注：文中不得出现真实的个人信息Recently our class is planning to launch an activity called “Fund-raising Day for Orphans”. As a positive member, I made a plan book that could offer some help.Firstly, I can’t help praising the program, which can not only give aid to others but also benefit us greatly. As we all know, a large number of orphans are suffering from lack of food and clothes in the world, moreover, having no access to education is also a serious problem for them. Through this activity, we can call on people to pay more attention to the orphans, as well as try our best to make contributions to our society. As a saying goes, “G iving is getting”, I’m deeply convinced we all can learn a lot and gain great pleasure from assisting them.In terms of the specific contents of the activity, I give the following proposals. First of all, in order to be well organized and have a definite labor division, our classmates should be divided into two groups. One are collecting and organizing the donated items, while the other take the responsibility of giving out leaflets, together with appealing to others to donate. Second, what equally matters is to elect a leader in each group, whose function is to coordinate the work of group members. Last but not least, I suppose it also of great importance to contact a non-profit organization, which can send the donations to the orphans timely, maybe The Red Cross society of China is a good choice.As long as we perform our own duties, the activity will be rounded off with sweet smiles of everybody.。
2013年上海市青浦区高考语文一模试卷(含详解)
2013年上海市青浦区高考语文一模试卷一、阅读（80分）1．（17分）阅读下文，完成下列各题北大人的精气神儿①在过去的几年间，我编撰并出版了三种有关北大的书籍（《北大旧事））、《老北大的故事））和《北大精神及其他》），因而被热心的读者想当然地目为“校史专家”。
其实，我愿意像五四新文化人那样，持“爱美”（a．ma teur）的心态发言与著述，却不想将自己的思路与职责定位为“宣传北大”，引以为傲，保留自我反省批评的权利与义务。
当然，也不无将北大作为思考当下中国教育及思想文化状态切入点的意味。
话一出口，马上意识到，这种既喜欢谈论“老北大的故事”，又保持一定距离，以便于反省与质疑，其实正是北大人的共同特征。
②在我就学或访问过的众多国内外大学中，对母校有强烈认同感的，比比皆是；但像北大师生那样，喜欢借谈论校史上的奇人逸事寄托情怀的，却不多见。
北大最值得骄傲的，并非那些看得见摸得着、可用数字或图象表达出来的图书仪器、校园风光、获奖项目、著名学者等，而是流传在口耳间、充溢在空气中、落实在行动上的“北大精神”。
至于什么是“北大精神”，历来众说纷纭，最表面的一点是，北大人推崇个性与气质，在专业成就之外，颇有刻意追求“特立独行”的倾向。
③面对众多有关北大人“眼高手低”的讥评，我从不申辩，因这大致符合事实，但又不便“有则改之”。
“心高气傲”与“志向远大”，其实很难截然分清。
锉钝了北大人的锋芒，你还能指望其“铁肩担道义”？抑制了北大人的狂放，又哪来科学研究中不时突发的奇发妙想？任何一所正规的大学，都需要严格的规章制度与稳定的教学秩序；但不是每所大学都能像北大一样，容许甚至欣赏才华横溢因而可能桀骜不逊的学生。
谁都知道，无规矩不成方圆；可一旦有了规矩，必定对个人志趣与才情造成某种压抑。
如何在规矩与个性间保持某种“必要的张力”，让处于成长期的大学生既感觉如鱼得水，又不至于误入歧途，对于教育家来说，是个极为棘手的难题。
在我看来，理想的大学应该是为中才设立规则，为天才预留空间。
2013上海市语文各区一模卷记叙文整理
2013语文各区一模卷记叙文整理一．错别字改正1.“时间一长，教室地板上占着一个泡泡糖皮，踩在上面黏黏糊糊的，很难受也很不卫生。
”（上海市初三语文质量测试A）第②段画线句中有一个错别字是，它的正确写法是2.“我出生于山东省高密县一个偏辟落后的乡村”（嘉定区初三语文质量测试）第①段画线句中有一个错别字是，它的正确写法是。
3.第13段中有一个错别字是，正确的写法是。
（长宁区初三语文质量测试）4.下列成语中有错别字的一项是（闸北区初三语文质量测试）A．煞有介事 B. 惊心动魄 C. 原封不动 D. 迫不急待二．选词填空1.填入第⑧段横线上的词语最恰当的一项是（上海市初三语文质量测试B）A.仰慕B.敬畏C.敬重D.敬爱2.第⑥段横线上填写的词语依次是（浦东新区初三语文质量测试）A.潺潺奔涌无边青青明艳灿烂窈窕玲珑B.无边青青窈窕玲珑明艳灿烂潺潺奔涌C.无边青青潺潺奔涌窈窕玲珑明艳灿烂D.潺潺奔涌窈窕玲珑无边青青明艳灿烂3.根据上下文，填入第⑧段横线处的词语正确的一项是（宝山区初三语文质量测试）A.但是B.而且C.所以D.那么4.根据第⑦段内容，在该段画线处填入恰当的词语。
（闵行区初三语文质量测试）5.根据文意，第③段括号中的词语填入横线处最恰当的一项是A.打动B.袭击C.感染D.笼罩理由是。
（杨浦区初三语文质量测试）三．找反义词、近义词1.从文中找出“卑微”的反义词（上海市初三语文质量测试C）2.在第⑩段空格内填写一个与第⑨段加点字“一筹莫展”意思相同的四字成语（普陀区初三语文质量测试）四．加点词语在文中的意思1.第②段中加点词语“缄言”在文中的意思（上海市初三语文质量测试D）2.结合上文，题目中“范本”在文中的意思是（黄浦区初三语文质量测试）3.第⑧段中加点词“数落”在文中的意思是（徐汇区初三语文质量测试）五．根据拼音写出汉字1.根据拼音写出汉字：惹shì（）生非（奉贤区初三语文质量测试）2.根据第②段中的拼音写出汉字：义无反gù（）（虹口区初三语文质量测试）3.根据拼音写出汉字：diāo（）零（松江区初三语文质量测试）4.根据拼音写出汉字：xīxīrǎng rǎng：（）（杨浦区初三语文质量测试）5.根据拼音写出汉字：tuǒxié：（）（静安区初三语文质量测试）6.根据拼音写出汉字：岁月cāng（）桑（崇明县初三语文质量测试）六．画线句采用修辞手法及其作用1.第⑦段画线句运用的修辞方法是，生动形象地写出了，表达了。
2013--2014上海各区一模记叙文汇编(2)
2013--2014上海各区一模记叙文汇编(2)金山区书桌①十多年前寄居乡下的时候，曾经托一个老木匠做一张书桌。
我并不认识这个老木匠，向当地人打听，大家一致推荐他，我就找他。
②对于木材，我没有成见，式样也随便，我只要有一张可以靠着写写字的桌子罢了。
他代我作主张，用梧桐，因为他那里有一段梧桐，已经藏了好几年，干了。
他又代我规定桌子的式样。
两旁边的抽屉要多少高，要不然装不下比较累赘的东西。
右边只须做一只抽屉，抽屉下面该是一个柜子，安置些重要的东西，既见得稳当，取携又方便。
左右两边里侧的板距离要宽些，要不然，两个膝盖时时触着两边的板，就感觉局促．．，不舒服。
我样样依从了他，当时言明工料价六块钱。
③过了一个星期，过了半个月，过了二十多天，不见他把新书桌送来。
我再不能等待了，特地跑去问他。
他指着靠在阴暗的屋角里的一排木板，说这些就是我那新书桌的材料。
【我不免疑怪，二十多天功夫，只把一段木头解了开来！】④他看出我的疑怪，就用教师般的神情给我开导。
说整段木头虽然干了，解了开来，里面还未免有点儿潮。
如果马上拿来做家伙，不久就会出毛病，或者裂一道缝，或是接榫处松了。
人家说起来，这是某某做的“生活”，这么脆弱不经用。
他向来不做这种“生活”，也向来没有受过这种指摘。
现在这些木板，要等它干透了，才好动手做书桌。
⑤他恐怕我不相信，又举出当地的一些人家来，某家新造花厅，添置桌椅，某家小姐出阁准备嫁妆，木料解了开来，都搁在那里等待半年八个月再上手呢。
“先生，你要是有功夫，不妨到他们家里去看看，我做的家伙是不容它出毛病的。
”他说到“我做的家伙”，黄浊．．的眼睛放射出夸耀的光芒，．．．．．．．．．．．．宛如文人朗诵他的得意作品时候的模样。
⑥我知道催他快做是无效的，好在我并不着急，也就没说什么催促的话。
又过了一个月，我走过他门前，顺便进去看看。
一张新书桌站在墙边了，近乎乳白色的板面显出几条年轮的痕迹。
老木匠正弯着腰，几个手指头抵着一张“沙皮”，在磨擦那安抽屉的长方孔的边缘。
2013年上海中考语文一模、二模材料链接题及图表题汇总
黄浦区二模冷对遗址公园化①近年来，一种有害于文化遗存的做法正在相效成风．．．．，这就是：遗址公园化。
②说到遗址，便会想起埃及留给我的独特感受。
在埃及大地上，到处是公元前数千年的历史遗址，从开罗的金字塔到卢克索的国王谷——这些法老墓葬的遗址中，无处不是巨大的石雕碎块和灼热的荒沙。
谁也说不清它们的历史，连这些坚硬的石雕究竟毁于何时，也无从得知；时间在这里仿佛失去长度。
当历史走去时，没有留下任何寻找它的线索，只留下无数问号弥漫在残垣断壁碎石流沙之间；空茫、荒芜、寂寞和寥落，雾一样浓重地笼罩在遗址上，给人一种极强烈的文明的初始感和源头感；与此同时，还让人感受到远去的历史遗留在大地上的特有的生命感。
或许，这正是遗址独具的气质与魅力．．．．．．．．．．！③为此，世界上所有遗址的保护者，都恪守着一条约定俗成的原则，那就是：遗址必须保留全貌，保留它的历史感。
由古希腊、两河流域、古波斯、印度直到南美的玛雅，那些遗址一概都是原封不动。
尽管他或许只是残剩的一些兀立的残垣和石柱，甚至是草坑与土堆，但它是历史生命仅存的最后实体，是唯一可以触摸到的历史真实。
如果遗址没了，历史便完全消失。
③在罗马，许多重要的历史文化遗址都在城中。
建于公元1世纪的古罗马露天竞技场，椭圆形的建筑物占地约2万平方米，周长527米，是古罗马帝国的象征。
这一建筑是如此的显眼，但从没人把这些草木丛生的大片大片残垣断壁视做垃圾去动手清理。
而是把它们当成凝固的历史，有形的岁月，真正的城市文物，不敢去碰它，更甭说动它。
罗马人懂得一根柱子倒了，是不能扶起来的，因为这是时间老人和历史巨人的行为。
如果扶起来，修补好，历史时间随即消失。
谁又敢去改动历史呢？它残缺，却正好把另一半交给你去想象。
毫无疑问，残缺美也是一种历史美。
⑤然而，在我们这里，这一原则却被视而不见。
且不说，许多遗址正在被粗暴的施工所破坏；从河南的殷墟、西安华清池到京西的圆明园遗址，哪里不是到处在动土动工，修筑围墙，植树种花，竖立雕塑，点缀小品，增添各种“景观”于其间，努力把历史遗址“打造”成一座座公园。
2013上海普陀区中考一模语文试题及答案
2012学年度第一学期普陀区初三质量调研语文试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：1.本卷共27题。
2.请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上，做在试卷上一律不计分。
一、文言文（42分）（一）默写（18分）1.向来枉费推移力，。
（《观书有感（其二）》）2. ，小桥流水人家。
（《天净沙·秋思》）3.爱上层楼，爱上层楼，。
（《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》）4.夜阑卧听风吹雨，____ 。
（《十一月四日风雨大作》）5.譬如平地，____ ，进，吾往也! （《孔孟论学》)6. ，后天下之乐而乐。
（《岳阳楼记》）（二）阅读下面的词，完成第7—8题（4分）诉衷情陆游当年万里觅封侯，匹马戍梁州。
关河梦断何处？尘暗旧貂裘。
胡未灭，鬓先秋，泪空流。
此生谁料，心在天山，身老沧洲！7.“鬓先秋”在词中的意思是。
（2分）8.下列理解不正确的一项是（2分）A．“万里觅封侯”回忆诗人盛年时慷慨从军的情景。
B．“尘暗旧貂裘”借苏秦表达自己勇赴国难的决心。
C．“胡未灭，鬓先秋，泪空流”流露诗人的不甘和不满。
D.“心在”“身老”表达建功立业与终老家园的矛盾。
（三）阅读下文，完成第9—11题。
（8分）①若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝，晦明变化者，山间之朝暮也。
野芳发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴，风霜高洁，水落而石出者，山间之四时也。
朝而往，暮而归，四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷也。
②至于负者歌于滁，行者休于树，前者呼，后者应，伛偻提携，往来而不绝者，滁人游也。
临溪而渔，溪深而鱼肥；酿泉为酒，泉香而酒冽；山肴野蔌，杂然而前陈者，太守宴也。
宴酣之乐，非丝非竹，射者中，弈者胜，觥筹交错，坐起而喧哗者，众宾欢也。
苍然白发，颓然乎其中者，太守醉也。
③已而夕阳在山，人影散乱，太守归而宾客从也。
树林阴翳，鸣声上下，游人去而禽鸟乐也。
然而禽鸟知山林之乐，而不知人之乐；人知从太守游而乐，而不知太守之乐其乐也。
醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。
上海中考一模题分类汇编说明文篇含答案
2016 上海中考一模语文题型分类汇编（16 区全）说明文篇【松江区】（一）阅读下文，完成13-17 题。
（20 分）上海田子坊①“上海新地标” 田子坊建成开坊已逾十年。
如今田子坊创意文化产业园区已成为上海文化产业创新发展的都市坐标之一。
从上世纪30 年代初的“小里弄街坊”志成坊，到本世纪伊始的“国际文艺范”田子坊，这一华丽转身，不仅折射着时代的嬗变、商家的创意，更体现着文化的传承，彰显着海派风情的人文底蕴。
②成就田子坊文化艺术特色的原因是多方面的。
③田子坊地处原来的法国租界和华人居住区，是商业居住街区和工业区的过渡地带。
由于这一独有的地理位置使得田子坊集中了上海从乡村到租界再到现代城市发展的各个时期各种类型的历史建筑：既有上层社会居住的花园住宅区，也有中产阶层居住的普通新式里弄住区，同时还有下层社会阶层人员和工人居住的拥挤的简陋里弄住区，以及建筑空间尺度较大的工厂生产区。
建筑风格包容了折中主义、英国新文艺复兴风格、现代主义风格、中国传统砖木结构风格，还有西班牙建筑风格、英国城堡建筑风格等等。
田子坊由此也成为上海保存历史文化遗存类型最丰富的街区之一。
不仅如此，田子坊内还有大片的石库门建筑，而且还有上海少见的“面对面”石库门。
④更难能可贵的是，至今田子坊依然居住着一些原有居民，他们弄堂里的生活形态，展现了原汁原味的旧上海生活方式，为田子坊增添了许多生活情趣。
⑤原来的居民将住宅租借给创意产业， 艺术家们通过自己的创意对内部进行装修，砖墙、黒木门、条石门框、天井、厢房等建筑外观没有改变。
而工业时代遗留下来的厂房建 筑为创意产业提供了资源优势。
这些厂房外观高大宽敞、 布局疏密有致、 红灰外色体现着独 特的时代印迹， 颇受具有先锋观念创意人士的青睐。
内部则空间庞大， 适宜改造以适合艺术 家们的工作需求。
而且， 这些旧厂房租金低廉，适合那些对租金敏感的艺术家们。
厂房改成 的工作室经过艺术的再现， 体现出不同的风格和氛围： 陈逸飞的工作室展现了古朴、 凝重的 建筑特点； 尔冬强的工作室则具有后工业革命时留下的痕迹， 两台吊车不只是摆设， 它照常 能启动， 而天棚的进口透光板更能体现现代建材的运用， 这是工业革命的成果， 而版画的手 工制作，使你在时光穿梭中来回奔跑。
2013年上海市各区初三一模试卷作文汇总和优秀范文-静安新城
2013年上海市各区中考语文一模作文题目及范文区县作文题目浦东区我的读书故事黄浦区我并不完美杨浦区有一种幸福叫感动闸北区又是新的开始闵行区嘿！再往前一步青浦区金山区幸福，在那一刻绽放奉贤区因为有你嘉定区爱在细微处松江区我看到了一种别样的风采长宁区我的选择普陀区忍不住宝山区我怎么没想到虹口区书香满校园徐汇区终于明白静安区那一刻，很安静崇明县别样的精彩上海市2013年中考一模作文题目及范文（黄浦区）我并不完美我原本是岸上的一块岩石，年年风吹日晒，雨水拍打。
身体越来越无形，东边缺少一块，西边形成一个凹槽……终于有一天我成了一粒沙，一粒有小小尖角的沙。
我没有被海浪卷走，而是住进贝壳的屋子里，凝练成珍珠，也没有风雨再来注意我。
我只是一粒沙，有棱有角而又残缺的沙。
我很讨厌自己，不仅因为我不漂亮，不聪明，没有特长，没有毅力，容易放弃，没有计划，喜欢玩……我时常为我的错误找借口，被爸妈说了几句，心里就会嘀咕：我又不是一个十全十美的人。
是的，我不完美，只是一粒破损的沙。
但是，这并不能代表什么。
我仍旧和许多像珍珠一样的人生活在一起，一同享受自然带来的美丽，一样蹦蹦跳跳，一样勇敢地奔跑，在同样的环境里学习。
而且我远比他们幸福快乐。
我没有他们的光芒，也就不会被许多人关注。
我愈小，愈能发现比高个子看到的世界更为美妙的东西；他们的高高在上非但不会遮挡我的阳光，反而让我发现山脚的奥秘，仰望星空，更脚踏实地……我知道我是一粒沙，我多么微不足道，不被人在意，但我同样有我的坚持，我的梦想。
我不很优秀，所以我把更多的时间用来学习，强迫着自己跟上大部队的步伐；我记忆不好，所以我要多看书，别人用一倍的时间记住的东西，我能够花几倍时间记住；我不聪明，别人能马上理解的知识点，我得多复习几遍，但这并不要紧，我与珍珠们是同样在进步的。
我一直相信勤劳的人能把自己的不足弥补。
即使我是粒沙，我也同样可以美丽。
上海市2013年中考一模作文题目及范文（杨浦区）有一种幸福叫感动有一种感觉叫做幸福，有一种幸福叫做感动。
2013年上海市高三各区语文一模作文题与立意
20XX年上海市各区（县）高三年级第一学期期末质量抽查试卷（一模）语文试卷选编（作文题目与分析部分）目录普陀区 (2)杨浦区 (2)长宁区 (2)闵行区 (3)嘉定区 (3)虹口区 (4)松江区 (4)浦东新区 (5)徐汇区 (5)宝山区 (5)金山区 (6)静安区 (7)闸北区 (7)黄浦区 (8)崇明县 (8)青浦区 (8)奉贤区 (9)普陀区【题目】29、根据下面材料，选取一个角度展开联想，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。
一个英国小伙子，参加“非诚勿扰”节目，女问：有房吗？婚后跟谁住？答：上世纪老房子；跟家人一起住。
数灯熄灭，女方又问：你什么工作？答：大兵。
剩一盏灯，最后女问：结婚有宝马车吗？答：奶奶不同意，一般用马车。
灭灯。
隔天，《泰晤士报》头版：我皇室成员哈利王子参加“非诚勿扰”，首轮即遭淘汰。
杨浦区【题目】近来，一些民国时期的小学生作文受到热捧。
有一篇《公平的太阳》写道：“天上的太阳，一天到晚放出了温暖的光，照耀着一切的人物，不论有钱的，没钱的，都受到它的恩惠。
”有人评价其具有深刻的人文素养。
还有《蟋蟀》一文：“玩者利用蟋蟀之手以为博，而蟋蟀不自知，胜则欣欣而喜，败者泱泱而恨。
”评论道：作文流露出一派天真自然的童趣，遣词造句古朴智慧温雅。
也有专家认为一味地厚古薄今是没有意义的。
现在的小学生不在民国的语境里生活，而现在的小学生信息量更大，知识面更广，没有必要向民国小学生学习作文法。
根据上述材料，自选一个角度，写一篇文章，题目自拟。
要求：①不少于800字；②不要写成诗歌；③不要透露个人相关信息。
【参考分析】可以赞同推崇民国小学生文风的观点，也可以赞同专家“没必要厚古薄今”的观点。
赞同前者的，着力点应放在“作文真诚”的基点上。
民国时期的孩子思想单纯，语言质朴，想什么就写什么。
而现代物质生活丰富，孩子们的作文，也许少了他们这个年龄段应该有的童趣，追求写作手法，华丽的辞藻，冗长的排比句等等，变得形式，缺少真性情。
上海市2013年各区高三一模语文试卷答案(三)
上海市2013年各区高三一模语文试卷答案（三）嘉定区参考答案一（16分）1．（2分）当代中国诗人皈依西方诗人，拒绝祖国诗歌传统。
2．（3分）⑴（1分）A ⑵（2分）①从下文看，作者并未探讨当代中国诗人皈依西方诗人的原因，重点是分析祖国诗歌传统的现代价值、普世价值；②该句不是设问也不是反问，而是抒发对“诗国疆土沦丧”的感叹之情。
3．（2分）C4．（3分）第⑥段阐明陶渊明与西方先哲在“人与自然”这一元问题上见解的共同之处（1分）；是对前两段所述话题的深入探究，又是下一段提出“应该更钟情于自己民族的自然主义诗人陶渊明”这一观点的理论依据（前提）。
5．（2分）陶渊明所代表的中国诗歌传统（1分）面临无人继承的局面（1分）。
6．（4分）示例：①当代中国诗人对于祖国诗歌传统缺乏深入了解；②经过近百年严厉的自我批评，传统文化资源已几近枯竭；③西方文化强势输入；④传统文化某些负面因素让当代诗人反感。
（开放题，每小点2分，答出3点给满分。
照抄原文酌情扣分）二（22分）7．（2分）运用比喻手法，（1分）形象地写出了记忆深处“声音”渺远、新鲜、难忘等特点。
8．（3分）一步一步勾画出一个冬天傍晚的景象，（1分）为祖母呼唤声的出现铺垫一种寒冷而又黑暗的氛围，（1分）衬托出祖母温情与慈爱。
（1分）9．（3分）两处细节描写的是祖母独特的“呼唤之迹”，最大限度地展示了祖母的深挚爱心，同时又表现了作者对祖母的理解与挚爱。
10．（6分）B F11．（4分）①前后呼应，使文章结构紧凑，收纵自如；②照应标题，具体呈现祖母“呼唤”的内容；③标明文章层次，由回忆转到现实，完成立意升华；④突出文章的中心意象，形象化概括文章的主题。
12．（4分）狼的引入，有阴森的感觉，使本文不同于一般怀念祖母或亲人的文章。
拓宽了文章的意蕴，除表达对祖母的思念之情外，还有对人生艰险的警悸，以及对自我人生态度的言说：高度警惕，绝不回头，勇往直前。
狼的叙写使整篇文章凝重、深邃。
2013上海一模课外文言文汇编
宝山许允为吏部郎①，多用其乡里，魏明帝遣虎贲②收③之。
其妇④出诫允曰：“明主可以理夺，难以情求。
”既至，帝问之，允对曰：“‘举尔所知’⑤。
臣之乡人，臣所知也。
陛下检校，为称职与不⑥？若不称职，臣受其罪。
”既检校，皆官得其人，于是乃释。
初，允被收，举家号哭。
妇自若，云：“勿忧，寻还。
”作粟粥待。
顷之，允至。
（选自《世说新语·贤媛》，有删节）【注释】①郎：职官名称。
吏部的下属官员。
②虎贲：武士。
③收：逮捕，拘押。
④妇：指许允的妻子。
⑤语出《论语·子路》。
⑥不：同“否”。
译文：许允担任吏部郎的时候，大多任用他的同乡，魏明帝知道后，就派虎贲（皇宫侍卫）去逮捕他。
许允的妻子跟出来劝诫他说：“对英明的君主只可以用道理去争取，很难用感情去打动。
”押到后，明帝审查追究他。
许允回答说：“举尔所知（“举荐你了解的人”出自《论语•子路》），臣的同乡，就是臣所了解的人。
陛下可以审查、核实他们是称职还是不称职，如果不称职，臣愿受应得的罪。
”查验以后，知道各个职位都用人得当，于是就释放了他。
许允穿的衣服破旧，明帝就赏赐给他新衣服。
起初，许允被逮捕时，全家都号哭，他妻子阮氏却神态自若，说：“不要担心，不久就会回来。
”并且煮好小米粥等着他。
一会儿，许允就回来了。
1.根据要求完成下列两题。
（4分）（1）解释下列句中加点的词语：明．主可以理夺（英明）（2分）（2）下列“寻”与“勿扰，寻还”中的“寻”字意思相同的一项是 C （2分）A．乃入吴寻．二陆 B.寻．向所志，遂迷，不复得路 C.未果，寻．病终 D.遂至承天寺，寻．张怀民2.用现代汉语翻译文中的画线句，注意加点词语的含义。
（3分）举．尔所知．推荐你所了解（的人）3.许允最终获释的主要原因是许允听从他妻子的劝诫，当魏明帝核问他时用道理去告白、争取，而不是用感情去求助（用自己的话回答）（2分）4.对文本内容理解正确的一项是 C （3分）A.许允接受魏明帝质问时巧妙应答，显示出他的才情。
2013年上海市高三各区语文一模作文题与立意 (800字)
2013年上海市各区高三年级第一学期期末质量抽查试卷（一模）语文试卷选编（作文题目与分析部分）目录普陀区............................................................................................................................................................. 2 杨浦区............................................................................................................................................................. 2 长宁区............................................................................................................................................................. 2 闵行区............................................................................................................................................................. 3 嘉定区............................................................................................................................................................. 3 虹口区............................................................................................................................................................. 3 松江区............................................................................................................................................................. 4 浦东新区 (4)徐汇区····························································································································································· 4 宝山区............................................................................................................................................................. 5 金山区............................................................................................................................................................. 5 静安区............................................................................................................................................................. 6 闸北区............................................................................................................................................................. 6 黄浦区.............................................................................................................................................................7 崇明县.............................................................................................................................................................7 青浦区.............................................................................................................................................................7 奉贤区. (8)第 1 页共 8 页普陀区【题目】29、根据下面材料，选取一个角度展开联想，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章（不要写成诗歌）。
一模二模汇编 2013 上海各县区一模试卷分类汇编——简答题(答案)
闵行81. in reality independent and private (actually)82. only a small number of children are studying there83. Because it is required by law.84. Because they have great influence on English education and society.长宁区81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …普陀区81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.浦东新区81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.黄浦区81. They wanted to destroy them.82. To represent (rich and important) families’ traits and personal strengths.83. many of the children left their tribes/ children grew up and left the tribe84. The factors responsible for the revival/returning of (the art of) totem poles./People realized the significance of totem poles and created more/new ones.虹口区81. They are important to each other. / They depend on each other.82. release oxygen83. helps and hindrances that are going on84. Their / Animal number will be reduced until the balance is restored.崇明县81. Some differences between men’s bodies and women’s bodies.82. their suffering more from air pollution/their drawing more polluted air into their lungs83. women have a wider pelvis84. Because women have more fat and less muscle than men./ Because women has alower proportion of muscle to fat.宝山区81. learning, intelligent behaviour and the ability to solve any problem82. dramatic instances of sudden forgetting83. how the process of forgetting survived by evolutionary interpretation84. Not mentioned in the passage/We don’t know.嘉定区81. 1earn the value of money82．To show them how to make a budget．83．Saving can help children plan future finance．84． aware of the children’s allowances./have some idea how to give allowances in a proper way.奉贤区81. revive Egypt's tourism industry82. Because tourists were worried about their safety.83. To reopen other archaeological sites across Egypt.84. the large volume of visitors had caused damage to the walls inside pyramids金山区81. Because their children spend more time with them than with the teacher.82. Through informal tea, interviews and reporting pupil’s progress.83. engage in activities that have a mathematical basis84. the best utilization of the many hours杨浦区81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention徐汇区81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit f rom feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words闸北区81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition84. influence their families and societies青浦区81. focus people’s attention on the real life of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.卢湾区81. They’ll grow smarter, faster, and more useful every year.82. Because computers help us finish tasks never having been undertaken./Because people want to use computers in different fields.83. how we can make the most intelligent use of computers84. take the place of fundamental thinking and reasoning skills。
2013上海高考英语一模各区C篇阅读汇总
2013上海高考一模各区C篇阅读汇总宝山区：Discoveries in science and technology are thought by ―untaught minds‖ to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold ( 霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.―Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there‘s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.‖ Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: ―How come nobody thought of that before?‖The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 72. What does the author probably mean by ―untaught mind‖ in the first paragraph?A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.B. A person who has had no education.C. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.D. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.73. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators?A. The way they present their findings.B. The way they deal with problems.C. The intelligence they possess.D. The variety of ideas they have.74. The phrase ―march to a different drummer‖ (the last line of the passage) suggeststhat highly creative individuals are _____.A. unwilling to follow common ways of doing thingsB. diligent in pursuing their goalsC. concerned about the advance of societyD. devoted to the progress of science75. The most suitable title for this passage might be _____.A. The Relation Between Creation and DiligenceB. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human CreativityC. What Are So Special about Creative IndividualsD. Discoveries and Innovation崇明县：Thirty years ago, public health officials in the United States reported on the first cases of what came to be known as AIDS.But today an estimated sixteen and a half million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS. Millions more live with adults who are sick from AIDS.Lucie Cluver from Oxford University in England has studied children of AIDS(AIDS orphaned children and children living with sick adults) in South Africa. She says children can be deeply affected by their experiences. And one of the biggest impacts we see is mental health, their psychological health. So, for example, we see that AIDS orphaned children have very much higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress disorder than children who have a live parent or children whose parents have died of other causes. Lucie Cluver says children have to live with the sense of shame connected to AIDS. Many are abused(欺负) at school or excluded from the community.Children living with sick adults are more likely to live in poverty and face physical and emotional abuse. Also, Lucie Cluver says the children often become the caregivers. They‘re missing school to go and get medication. They‘re often taking them to the toilet, cleaning their wounds or washing their bedclothes. So these kids find it very stressful and upsetting. They‘re very worried about the health and feel responsible for the health of the sick person. Close contact with sick adults can sometimes spread tuberculosis(肺结核) or other diseases. And, as Lucie Cluver said, even when the children are in school, paying attention can be difficult. It‘s constantly on their minds and really making it difficult for them to do well at school. She calls for testing more children for tuberculosis. She also calls for giving more parents the drugs needed to keep them healthy longer with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.There are programs to help children, but there is ―far more to be done.‖ Interventions(干预治疗) and support groups are ―urgently needed‖ for those orphaned by AIDS or living with sick adults. But the evidence for which interventions are effective ―is still thin‖.72. The topic of the passage is __________.A. children of AIDS doing badly at schoolB. more and more children suffering from AIDSC. children of AIDS facing mental problemsD. an increasing number of people dying of AIDS73. According to Lucie Cluver, AIDS orphaned children have very much higher levels of depression mainly because they __________.A. have a sense of shame connected to AIDSB. cannot focus their attention on study at schoolC. are more likely to be affected with tuberculosisD. often have to miss school to look after their sick parents74. We can infer from the last paragraph that __________.A. enough has been done for children of AIDSB. interventions prove very effective for children of AIDSC. nothing can be done to help children except interventionsD. interventions may be useful for helping children of AIDS75. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The first case of AIDS occurred 30 years ago.B. Children whose parents are infected with AIDS often help with housework.C. Children whose parents have died of causes other than AIDS don‘t have stress disorder.D. Children don‘t have psychological problems when their parents are still alive with HIV.虹口区：Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation (责任) to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often ―go on welfare‖ if they have a serious i llness.When older people become senile(衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent(疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply ―dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds‖ for the dying in which ―care‖ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel (员工). 72. The author believes that the increased size of the human population results from ___.A. an increase in birthratesB. the industrial developmentC. a decrease in death ratesD. childhood diseases73. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______.A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people whocould not workB. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvationC. old people were given the task of imparting(传授) the cultural wisdom of thetribe to new generationsD. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of (免除) thehardships of life74. The phrase ―this need‖ in the last paragraph refers to ________.A. prolonging the dying old people‘s livesB. reducing the problems caused by the retired peopleC. making profits through caring for the sick or weak peopleD. taking care of the sick or weak people75. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people inthe United States is TRUE?A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough.B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement.C. Many nursing homes are sponsored by religious and nonprofit groups.D. Older people have wealth or private insurance if they have a serious illness.黄浦区：Throughout the centuries, various writers have contributed greatly to the literary treasure trove of books lining the shelves of today‘s libraries. In addition to writing interesting material, many famous writers, such as Edgar Allan Poe, were larger-than-life characters with personal histories that are as interesting to read as the stories they wrote. Poe‘s rocky life included being driven off from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1831 and an ongoing battle with alcohol. Yet, despite heavy gambling debts, poor health, and terrible unemployment, Poe managed to produce a body of popular works, including ―The Raven‖ and ―The Murders in the Rue Morgue.‖Herman Melville, author of Moby Dick, once lived among the man-eaters in the Marquesas Islands and wrote unusual tales inspired by his years of service in the U.S. Navy. Dublin-born Oscar Wilde was noted for his charismatic personality, his outrageous lifestyle, and creating witty catchphrases such as, ―Nothing succeeds like excess.‖ D.H. Lawrence wrote shameful novels that were often cut, and Anne Rice led a double life writing bestselling horrible novels under her real name and using ―A.N. Roquelaure‖ for the lowbrow unhealthy novels she penned on the side.Nonconformist(不墨守成规的)author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau once fled to the woods and generated enough interesting material to fill his noted book Walden. Thoreau wrote on the issue of passive resistance protest in his essay ―Civil Disobedience‖ and served time in jail for refusing tax payments in protest of the United States government‘s policy towards slavery. American short story writer O. Henry‘s colorful life was ruined by tragic events, such as being accused and sentenced for stealing money from an Austin, Texas bank. Despite his success selling his short stories, O. Henry struggled financially and was nearly bankrupt when he died.As diverse as these famous authors‘ backgrounds were, they all led unconventional lives while writing great literary works that will endure throughout the ages. The next time you read an interesting book, consider learning more about the author by reading his or her biography so you can learn about the unique life experiences that shaped his or her writing. 72. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Edgar Allan Poe?A. He had his own interesting personal history as other famous writers.B. He graduated from United States Military Academy at West Point in 1831.C. He once had heavy gambling debts and fell down with illness.D. He managed to produce popular works no matter how rocky his life was.73. What can you infer from Para.2?A. D.H. Lawrence and Anne Rice once wrote similar type of novels.B. Anne Rice used a pen name because her novels were quite popular.C. Anne Rice used different names when she wrote bestselling novels.D. Henry David Thoreau enriched his books by living in the forests.74. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A. Henry David Thoreau was passionately opposed to horrible events.B. Anne Rice always used a pen name to conceal her true identity.C. Herman Melville stayed with man-eaters during his naval service.D. O Henry‘s life was colorful though he had lots of difficulties.75. The passage mainly tells us that ______.A. many famous writers lived nontraditional livesB. most famous writers were usually troublemakersC. writers had to lead interesting lives to generate materialsD. the biographies of famous writers are always inspirational嘉定区：As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behavior, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts(血细胞计数), but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely ―not ill‖ and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body‘s special needs. Both types have simply been called ―well.‖ In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms ―well‖ and ―wellness‖ only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body‘s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be ―well,‖ in this new sens e, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. ―Wellness‖ may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. 72. Today medical care is placing more stress on ______.A. keeping people in a healthy physical conditionB. monitoring patients‘ body functionsC. removing people‘s bad living habitsD. ensuring people‘s psychological well-being73. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ______.A. good health is more than not being illB. drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmfulC. regular health checks are essential to keeping fitD. prevention is more difficult than cure74. Traditionally, a pers on is considered ―well‖ if he ______.A. does not have any unhealthy living habitsB. does not have any physical handicapsC. is able to handle his daily routinesD. is free from any kind of disease75. According to the author, the true meaning of ―wellness‖ is for people ______.A. to best satisfy their body‘s special needsB. to strive to maintain the best possible healthC. to meet the strictest standards of bodily healthD. to keep a proper balance between work and leisure静安区：At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don‘t act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo (禁忌的) behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It‘s not taboo to talk about fat; it‘s taboo to be fat. The ―in‖ look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is ―in‖, fat is ―out‖.It‘s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed (着迷) with staying slim and ―in shape‖. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America‘s obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people‘s bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising every day. 72. From the passage we can infer taboo is _____.A. a strong desire to do something strange or terribleB. a crime committed on impulse committedC. behavior considered unacceptable i n society‘s eyesD. an unfavorable impression left on other people73. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude being fat _____.A. will always remain a tabooB. is not considered a taboo by most peopleC. has long been a tabooD. may no longer be a taboo some day74. In the U.S., thin is ―in‖, fat is ―out‖, this means _____.A. thin is ―inside‖, fat is ―outside‖B. thin is ―devoted‖, fat is ―lazy‖C. thin is ―youthful‖, fat is ―spiritless‖D. thin is ―fashionable‖, fat is ―unfashionable‖75. The main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is _____.A. their changed life-styleB. their eagerness to stay thin and youthfulC. their appreciation of the importance of exerciseD. the encouragement they have received from their companies浦东新区：Seligman is leading the research on what might be called Happiness Revolution inpsychology. Since World War II, psychologists have focused on fixing what is broken —repairing psychosis（精神病）, and neurosis（精神衰弱）. Research has piled up steadily when it comes to looking at patients who are neurotic, while the happy or joyful people among us have received little scientific examination.When Seligman did a search to find academic articles about such ‗positive psychology‘ he found only 800 out of 70,000. ‗Psychologists tend to be concerned with taking a negative 8 person, and helping him get to negative 2,‘ said Seligman, a psychology professor of the University of Pennsylvania. ‗My aim is to take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6.‘In the last 50 years, statistics have shown that we are less happy as a people. ‗While our quality of life has increased dramatically over that time, and we‘ve become richer, we‘re in an epidemic of depression,‘ Seligman said. ‗Depression is 10 times more common now, and life satisfaction rates are down as well.‘ Seligman argues that the new science he writes about is shifting psychology‘s model away from its narrow-minded focus on mental illness towards positive emotion, virtue and strength that increase people‘s happiness. If you want to be happy, forget about winning the lottery（抽奖）, getting a nose job, or securing a raise. In his new book, Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman argues that overall lifetime happiness is not the result of good genes, money, or even luck. Instead, he says we can increase our own happiness by making use of the strengths and virtues that we already have, including kindness, originality, humor, optimism, and generosity. He has named the field ‗Positive Psychology,‘ arguing that we would be better off building on our own strengths rather than mourning, and, hence, trying to repair, our weaknesses. By frequently calling upon their strengths, people can build up natural barriers against misfortune and negative emotions, he said.Science has shown that there are several distinct roads to being a happy person —though happiness might not mean what you think. Material goods — even simple ones like ice cream, and massages —are only stimulating things that rapidly give people a boost.To cultivate happiness, we must first find out our individual strengths and virtues. 72.The distinctive feature of Seligman‘s wo rk lies in ______.A. evaluating the psychological state of peopleB. making a study of people who suffer from mental illnessC. focusing the scientific examination on the happy or joyful peopleD. figuring out the exact number of the academic articles about ‗positive psychology‘73.What does Seligman mean by saying ‗take a plus 2 person and boost him to aplus 6‘?A. We should focus on happy or joyful people.B. We need more and more happy and joyful people.C. It‘s difficult to make people happy from a plus 2 to plus 6.D. Happy people also need to improve their level of happiness.74.According to the passage, which of the statements might Martin Seligman support?A. Promotion leads to true happiness.B. We can rely on our strengths for happiness.C. Intelligent people are usually more satisfied.D. Mental illness should be the focus of psychology.75.The passage mainly talks about ______.A. strengths and happinessB. ways to cultivate happinessC. development of psychologyD. effect of positive psychology普陀区：NASDAQ, acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers AutomatedQuotation system, is one of the largest markets in the world for the trading of stocks. The number of companies listed on NASDAQ is more than that on any of the other stock exchange in the United States, including the New York Stock Exchange(NYSE) and the American Stock Exchange (AMSE). The majority of companies listed on NASDAQ are smaller than most of those on the NYSE and AMSX. NASDAQ has become known as the home of new technology companies, particularly computer and computer-related businesses. Trading on NASDAQ is started by stock brokers(经纪人) acting on behalf of their clients. The brokers negotiate with market makers who concentrate on trading specific stocks to reach a price for the stock.Unlike other stock exchange, NASDAQ has no central location where trading takes place. Instead, its market makers are located all over the country and make trades by telephone and via the Internet. Because brokers and market makers trade stocks directly instead of on the floor of a stock exchange, NASDAQ is called an over-the-counter market. The term over-the –counter refers to the direct nature of the trading, as in a store where goods are handed over a counter.Since its inception(开市) in 1971, the NASDAQ Stock Market has been the innovator(创新者). As the world‘s first electronic stock market, NASDAQ long ago set a precedent(先例) for technological trading innovation that is unrivaled(无对手的). Now ready to become the world‘s first truly global market, the NASDAQ Stock Market is the market of choice for business industry leaders worldwide. By providing an efficient environment for raising capital NASDAQ has helped thousands of companies achieve their desired growth and successfully make the leap into public ownership. 72. What is TRUE of NASDAQ?A.It is the largest stock market in the world.B.It lists only small companies.C.It lists all the new technology companies.D.It lists the biggest number of companies.73. The word‖ negotiate‖(Line 8,Para.1) means ________.A. discussB. argueC. interfereD. cope74. NASDAQ is also known as an over-the –counter market because it seems______.A. a stock marketB. a stock exchangeC. a counterD. a store75. Since its founding in 1971, NASDAQ has contributed to ______.A.raising money for many companiesB.creating an efficient environment for many companiesC.the expected development of many companiesD.the unexpected development of many companies长宁区：The candidate longing for election to the highest office in the United States must be native-born American citizen who is at least 35 years old and who has lived in the United States for at least 14 years. The election course is complicated, and the road to the Oval Office is long.Potential candidates must present papers stating their intention to seek their party‘s recommendation; delegates then choose from among those running some months later at the national conferences. Before that, however, each state holds a primary election that determines how the state‘s voters want the party‘s delegates to vote. Methods of choosing the delegates vary from state to state. At the conferences, there are speeches and often heated discussions. It may take several rounds of voting before delegates can agree on a candidate. On the final day of the meeting, the presidential candidate announces his or her choice for vice president.Election Day, by law, is the Tuesday that follows the first Monday in November. On this day, registered voters may cast their votes for president, vice president, and candidates for other federal (联邦), state, and local offices. The popular vote, however, does not determine who will be president. The president is chosen by a vote of the Electoral College, a group of 538 citizens from the 50 states and the District of Columbia who are chosen to cast votes for the president and vice president.The rules for choosing electors, as with the delegates, vary. Each state also decides whether its electoral votes must reflect the popular vote. The number of electors in each state is determined by the number of representatives and senators(议员) that a state sends to Congress and, therefore, may change every 10 years, depending on the results of the United States census (人口普查). The winner must get at least 270 of the electoral votes when the Electoral College meets in December of the election year. The election results are not official, however, until the following January, when Congress meets in a joint conference to count the electoral votes.At the end of the road to the Oval Office is the swearing-in ceremony, at which the new or reelected president takes the oath (誓言) of office on January 20. 72.Which of the following is not a requirement for candidates for the presidency of theUSA?A. Minimum age of thirty-five years old.B. Previous experience in an elective office.C. Native of the United States of America.D. Bottom residency of fourteen years in the States.73.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Election results are not authorized until the first month of the coming year.B. Ways to select the delegates of each state are very much the same in the USA.C. The successful presidential candidate wins a maximum number of electoral votes.D. A party‘s potential candidate is chosen months before its national conference isheld.74.We can conclude from the passage that ______.A. the candidate who wins the popular vote will be the winner of the electionB. the electors don‘t have the right to vote against their registered voters‘ willC. the presidents of the United States are theoretically picked by the citizens directlyD. the change of a state‘s population barely has effect on the presidential election75.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Various Ways of Presidential Election in the USAB. The Qualifications for Being the President of the USAC. The Rules for Choosing Presidential Candidates in the USAD. The Process of the Election for the President of the USA。
(完整word版)2013上海一模说明文汇编,推荐文档
说明文棉花①棉花是锦葵科棉属植物的种籽纤维。
棉花在热带地区可长到6米高，一般为1～2米。
花朵乳白色，开花后不久转成深红色，然后凋谢，留下绿色棉铃。
锦铃内有棉籽，棉铃成熟时开裂，会露出棉籽上毛茸茸的白色棉纤维。
棉纤维长约2～4厘米，含纤维素约87～90%，水5～8%，其他物质4～6%。
②棉花原产印度，在棉花传入中国之前，中国只有可供充填枕褥的木棉，没有可以织布的棉花。
宋以前，中国只有带丝旁的“绵”字，没有带木旁的“棉”字。
宋末元初，棉花大量传入内地。
至于全国棉花的推广则迟至明初，是朱元璋用强制的方法才推开的。
③棉花是喜光作物，适宜在较充足的光照条件下生长。
据测定棉花单叶的最低受光量为1000勤，最佳受光量为7万～8万勤。
在此范围内，棉花产量随光照强度的增加而提高。
⑤棉花生长发育需要的水分和养料，主要通过根系从土壤中获得的，所需的温度和空气亦部分取自土壤，同时棉花生长需要土壤的有力支撑。
棉田土壤的理化属性，很大程度上制约着棉花的产量和品质。
土壤水分、养分、温度、空气、盐碱含量、团粒结构等均对棉花生长有很大的影响。
⑥中国是世界产棉大国,一首《棉花与节气歌》大致描述了我国产棉的基本状况。
“清明谷雨紧相连，华北新疆齐种棉。
立夏小满轻施肥，滋润幼苗壮棉田。
芒夏连暑勤追肥，日长夜高棉铃见。
立秋处暑收获季，采摘归仓笑开颜。
”⑦棉花是天然绿色产品，作为传统的保暖材料，由于透气性冠于所有材料，且无静电无刺激，所以老少咸宜。
虽然羽绒的保暖性优于化纤，更优于棉花，但羽绒对过敏性体质的人会有一定的刺激（化纤好一点），所以这两类材料的使用因人而异。
尽管羽绒的空气流通性能比棉纤维差，但化纤更是等而下之，极易贴在身上，不利于皮肤透气。
加上羽绒、尤其是化纤的静电对皮肤刺激较大，容易造成皮肤粗糙和神经衰弱等问题。
⑧衣被天下，还数棉好。
16.本文第①段采用的说明方法是，其表达作用是（3分）17.下列各项中理解错误的一项是（3分）A 纺织用的材料不是棉花的花，而是棉籽上的絮。
2013年上海市初三英语一模作文
长宁As we all know, happiness is one of the most important things in our lives. Therefore, learning how to be happy is becoming more and more useful to us. And here is some advice for us to be happy people.In the first place, keep ourselves healthy. Only when we have health bodies, we can enjoy a lot of interesting things and be in a good mood. In the second place, we need to put our heart into the things that we are doing. As long as we fix our mind on our work, we will find happiness in it and know that happiness is just around us. Most important of all enjoy the life every day instead of complaining of how hard it is.Follow my advice, and soon you will find that you are just in happiness.崇明The spring Festival is coming and I have made a detailed plan for it. In this winter holiday, I want to polish my English. Compared with some top students’ English, my English is not very good in my class. If want to catch up with them, I must take advantage of this holiday to fill the gap between them and me. Still, I also want to visit my grandparents in Sichuan, who are very old now and have given me a lot oflove and care. I think it will refresh me to stay with them for a while.静安区Today, I interviewed jenny, chief editor of our school newspaper. Jenny is an active girl who has various interests including dancing. No wonder (难怪) she looks so healthy and is in a good shape.Jenny’s parents has a great influence on her because both of them are famous writers. When she was a little child, she had an ambition to be a world famous writer. Because of her hard work, jenny won an award in writing in 2010. now she is working for our school newspaper. Her articles always appear on the first page of each issue(of newspaper). Jenny, an ambitious girl, is really a promising writer around us.徐汇区I quite agree with Eric Schmidt on his advice. I think we should put down the devices in our hands and go back to the real world at once.Nowadays, with the fast development of science and technology, more and more electronic devices are coming into our life and people also are spending more and more time on them. Take my own experience as an example. Lastweek, I invited my classmates to celebrate my birthday party, but at the party, almost all of them were using their electronic products to surf the internet, play games, or write blogs. What a shame it was! If we could stay away from the electronic devices and have more time to talk face-to-face with our friends and parents, what a wonderful life it would be!普陀区Dear classmates，As proverb goes, books are the ladder of human’s progress. However in our class, most of you, unlike top students, often play computer games instead of reading books during your spare time. There are many advantages of reading books, on one hand it can enrich our knowledge that can’t be learned from classes, on the other hand, it will open our mind to the wider outside world. In my opinion, reading is just like making friends, few but good. All in all, as junior school students, we should get into the good habit of reading books every day.宝山It a common belief that we can’t depend on our parents forever, therefore, my viewpoint is that we should go to a boarding school,First of all, we can learn to be independent if we study in a boardingschool and therefore our parents will not worry about us so much in the future life. What’s more, we can make friends and push ahead the friendship in such an environment. In a word, it all depends on ourselves whether we should go or not.A recent survey shows that 70% of the students have so much homework that they have to burn the midnight oil to finish it. This, however, has done harm to teenagers’health. Undoubtedly, a certain amount of homework can help enhance their study at school. But with too much homework, students tend to get anxious and tired. Also, they are easy to feel sleepy because of the lack of sleeping time. As a result, they can’t get focused in class. Therefore, instead of doing loads of homework, students should be given more time to do outdoor activities and develop their interests and hobbies. Thus, they can be healthy both physically and mentally.作文解析：黄浦区作文还是以议论文为思路。
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说明文棉花①棉花是锦葵科棉属植物的种籽纤维。
棉花在热带地区可长到6米高，一般为1～2米。
花朵乳白色，开花后不久转成深红色，然后凋谢，留下绿色棉铃。
锦铃内有棉籽，棉铃成熟时开裂，会露出棉籽上毛茸茸的白色棉纤维。
棉纤维长约2～4厘米，含纤维素约87～90%，水5～8%，其他物质4～6%。
②棉花原产印度，在棉花传入中国之前，中国只有可供充填枕褥的木棉，没有可以织布的棉花。
宋以前，中国只有带丝旁的“绵”字，没有带木旁的“棉”字。
宋末元初，棉花大量传入内地。
至于全国棉花的推广则迟至明初，是朱元璋用强制的方法才推开的。
③棉花是喜光作物，适宜在较充足的光照条件下生长。
据测定棉花单叶的最低受光量为1000勤，最佳受光量为7万～8万勤。
在此范围内，棉花产量随光照强度的增加而提高。
⑤棉花生长发育需要的水分和养料，主要通过根系从土壤中获得的，所需的温度和空气亦部分取自土壤，同时棉花生长需要土壤的有力支撑。
棉田土壤的理化属性，很大程度上制约着棉花的产量和品质。
土壤水分、养分、温度、空气、盐碱含量、团粒结构等均对棉花生长有很大的影响。
⑥中国是世界产棉大国,一首《棉花与节气歌》大致描述了我国产棉的基本状况。
“清明谷雨紧相连，华北新疆齐种棉。
立夏小满轻施肥，滋润幼苗壮棉田。
芒夏连暑勤追肥，日长夜高棉铃见。
立秋处暑收获季，采摘归仓笑开颜。
”⑦棉花是天然绿色产品，作为传统的保暖材料，由于透气性冠于所有材料，且无静电无刺激，所以老少咸宜。
虽然羽绒的保暖性优于化纤，更优于棉花，但羽绒对过敏性体质的人会有一定的刺激（化纤好一点），所以这两类材料的使用因人而异。
尽管羽绒的空气流通性能比棉纤维差，但化纤更是等而下之，极易贴在身上，不利于皮肤透气。
加上羽绒、尤其是化纤的静电对皮肤刺激较大，容易造成皮肤粗糙和神经衰弱等问题。
⑧衣被天下，还数棉好。
16.本文第①段采用的说明方法是，其表达作用是（3分）17.下列各项中理解错误的一项是（3分）A 纺织用的材料不是棉花的花，而是棉籽上的絮。
B 第②段介绍的是棉花产生于中国的历史。
C 在一定的范围内，棉花产量与光照强度有关联。
D 土壤的条件优越与否，也会影响棉花生长。
18.请仔细分析所附图表，回答下列问题。
（4分）（1）这个图表讲述的是：（2）这个图表能看出一个具有规律性的内容：随着。
19.第⑥段《棉花与节气歌》描述了我国产棉的基本状况，请你将诵读所得写出两点。
（4分）（1）（2）20.请仔细阅读第⑦段，在以下表格中填上恰当的词句或记号。
（8分）你被核辐射过吗？1从某种意义上讲，大自然的生成与演变，大千世界中的所有物质形态，都离不开原子内部微小粒子的相互作用，这些作用有两种极端的情况：核聚变与核裂变，也就是原子核聚合在一起形成新核或原子核分裂成两个新核。
每伴随微小粒子的相互作用，都有物质和能量的交换和转化。
宇宙，就是在无尽的微粒运动中，走向新生或者毁灭。
2核辐射是一种能量，核辐射是原子核从一种结构或能量状态向另一种结构或能量状态转变过程中所释放出来的微观粒子流或电磁波，能产生核辐射的物质被称为放射性物质。
3科学家们说，宇宙间放射性物质有很多，但所产生的核辐射对于人类而言危害都不太大。
只有核爆炸或核电站事故泄漏的放射性物质才能大范围地对人造成伤亡。
核爆炸、核泄漏，还不都是科学家们带来的！4太阳的光和热，就是最常见的核辐射，不过，这个辐射是太阳恒星的内部由在高温高压下发生核聚变时产生的能量，而且，大部分“厉害”的太阳辐射都被大气层过滤掉了，被我们大多数人所接触到的辐射，也早就参与了人类进化的过程，成为了人类生态系统中不可或缺的组成部分。
5人类在把核辐射用于做武器或发电之前，早就开始利用它们改进人类的生活。
6核辐射在医学领域的应用有近百年历史了。
现在，全世界每年50%以上的放射性核元素并不是被做成了核武器，而是进入了医院的放射科，X射线照相、CT、放射性核素诊断等，都是利用放射性核元素来诊疗疾病的。
放射性诊疗对人体有没有伤害？科学家们说，一切都控制在人体可接受的范围内。
7我们每天接触的食品，早就被核辐射过了。
8食品辐照技术是20世纪发展起来的，运用x射线、γ射线或高速电子束等电离辐射产生的高能射线对食品进行加工处理，达到杀虫、杀菌、抑制生理过程、保鲜的目的。
目前，全世界500多种辐照食品已在53个国家和地区获得批准，包括中国在内的30多个国家开始了大规模商业化应用，每年的辐照加工量在30万吨以上。
9从1958年起，中国就开展了辐照土豆、洋葱、大蒜、蘑菇等蔬菜、水果、鲜猪肉、牛羊肉、鸡鸭肉及其制品，水产、鲜蛋、酒和中成药、中药材等的实验研究。
目前，我国批准的适宜辐照的食品已达6大类57种，几乎涵盖了在超市里能找到的所有种类！据不完全统计，我国辐照食品的累计数量已近60万吨。
10大家最熟悉的辐照食品是大蒜、土豆和洋葱，这三种食品在收获后生命活动并没有终止，代谢活动仍然在进行，仍然会发芽、长根。
而如果将收获后的大蒜、洋葱或土豆用很低剂量的钴-60γ射线照一下，就可以抑制芽细胞的发育、抑制长根。
现在市场上不发芽不失水的“激光蒜”，就是利用核射线辐照处理后贮藏的大蒜。
辐照处理后还可使香蕉、苹果、芒果、草莓等水果延缓成熟，像苹果、梨辐照后甚至可以保存8个月而色香味完全不变。
11国际食品法典委员会2003年正式宣布：“辐照是一种处理食物的物理加工过程，如同用加热和冷冻保藏食品一样。
”这个结论使辐照食品的安全性有了充分的科学依据。
12科学家不仅在果实成熟后打核辐射的主意，在种子阶段，核辐射技术就已经捷足先登了。
核辐射在育种方面利用的是它能诱发基因突变，突变成功的概率比自然界自发的突变高出1000倍。
现在全世界利用辐射育种培育出的新品种已经超过2000种，播种面积达几十万公顷，我国用辐射育种培育的作物新品种有620多个，数量、种植面积和经济效益都排世界第一。
上世纪70年代，我国科学家利用γ射线和电子束诱变，就培育出“鲁棉一号”、“原丰早”水稻、“铁丰18”大豆，还分别得了国家发明一等奖。
13科学家近年热衷航天育种：让种子坐上航天飞机，利用太空中的强磁场、微重力、强宇宙射线辐射以及高真空等综合物理因素，让种子的遗传基因发生诱发突变。
等返回式卫星或飞船把种子带回来后，科学家们再培育和筛选，已经培育出了水稻、小麦、油菜、大豆、棉花等多个新品种。
14尽管科学家们沾沾自喜，太空物种同样遭到了公众的质疑。
15核辐射对于生命世界而言，可说是一种催化剂、一种推动力，它既有功于这个多样性丰富的大千世界，又威胁着人类的生存。
功过相较，是非难断。
16但可以肯定的是，为了满足人类无休止的欲望，被“滥用”的核辐射无疑变成了魔鬼。
（节选自《中国国家地理》2011年第4期撰文/喜见有删改）16、本文以“你被核辐射过吗？”为题好不好？请简述理由（3分）______________________________________________________________________________17、从文中看，人来利用核辐射改进自身生活的举措及目的有：①②③（6分）18、（1）第（4）段采用了的说明方法，其作用是（3分）（2）第（16）段中“滥用”一词加引号，是用来表示。
（A、引用B、特殊含义C、着重指出）理由是（3分）19、对选文内容理解表达不恰当的一项是（）（3分）A.核辐射是一种能量，能产生核辐射的物质被称为放射性物质。
B.目前，全世界每年有超过50%的放射性核元素进入医院和放射科来诊疗疾病的。
C.现在全世界利用辐射培育出的新品种已达2000种，播种面积超几十万公顷。
D.核辐射对于生命安全而言，功过相较，是非难断。
20、【相关链接】1986年，前苏联乌克兰境内的切尔诺贝利核电站4号反应堆发生爆炸，造成30人当场死亡，8吨多强辐射物泄漏。
据传，上世纪90年代，一支9人科学考察小组进入切尔诺贝利时，曾遭遇一群巨鼠袭击，只有一人生还，最后当局集结大量军队、轻重型武器，将所有能发现的巨鼠群消灭，传闻中出现的巨鼠就被称为“切尔诺贝利巨鼠”。
请问：这个传闻有一定可信度吗？请用文中获得的相关信息加以分析说明。
（4分）_____________________________________________________________闲话膏方周端○1膏方，又称膏滋、煎膏，是一种将中药饮片反复煎煮，去渣取汁，经蒸发浓缩，加蜂蜜等制成的半流体状剂型。
膏方是以中医理论为指导，辨证论治为基础，强身与疗疾相结合，疗效明显，服用方便的中医特种保健品，乃我国传统医药学之瑰宝。
然而，目前膏方的发展还存在许多问题，如管理不到位，膏方处方质量及制备工艺有待进一步规范等。
膏方发展还需正确引导。
○2膏方有着悠久历史，我国现存最早医方书长沙马王堆西汉古墓考古发现的帛书《五十二病方》中就有膏方的记载，如肪膏、脂膏、彘膏等，所治病症多为外伤。
战国秦汉时期，《黄帝内经》中保存11个方，其中包括2个膏方，即《灵枢·痈疽篇》中的豕膏和《灵枢·经筋篇》中的马膏，从文中可以看出豕膏、马膏可能都不含药。
○3唐宋时期，朝廷开始重视并组织编写医方药书，使中医膏方的加工和应用逐渐发展。
唐代孙思邈的《备急千金要方》中的膏方制剂有水煎去渣，取汁，浓缩及内服的特征。
明清时期，中医膏方上至宫廷御用下至民间，纷纷用于滋补养生，促进膏方完善成熟，表现为膏方的命名正规、制作规范，数量大大增加，临床应用更加广泛。
○4近代，，如《张聿青医案》中，收膏时常选加阿胶、鹿角胶等，并强调辨证而施，对后世医家影响较大。
《丁甘仁医案》中的膏滋方案例辨证细致，论述精辟，理、法、方、药严谨。
○5膏方的作用涵盖补虚和疗疾两方面，对慢性病的调治有相对优势。
膏方是中药的一种剂型，药物组方有别于单纯“强身健体”的方法，也有别于一般“补品”，在“辨病”与“辨证”的互补下，根据个体差异立法组方，合理配伍扶正药与祛邪药之间的比例和轻重，讲究“固本清源，攻守适宜”，“阴平阳秘，以衡为补”，体现了传统医学的整体观念、辨证论证的思想。
○6进入现代社会，人们生活水平提高，对健康要求增加；而生活压力过大、睡眠不足、饮食不规律、缺少运动等，使亚健康状态者增多。
疾病谱改变后，冠心病、高血压、糖尿病等慢性疾病已成为威胁人类健康的主要杀手。
这些因素让膏方在现代获得更广泛的应用与发展。
○7目前，开展膏方工作的医院越来越多，各地膏方节、膏方论坛开展得有声有色，膏方培训班举办越来越好，出版膏方专著越来越多。
现代膏方发展速度惊人，尤其在南方地区，膏方为广大患者的接受程度较高，如江苏、上海等地正以每年15%的速度增长，2011年上海使用膏方近30万料。
○8膏方在增强人民体质方面发挥了重要作用。